SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN BELIMBING (SMKB)

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2/2011

NAME:MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN MOHD ZAIN (941011-035247) YEAR : 2011 FORM : 5 ANGGUN TEACHERS NAME : PN ZURAIDAH BT JUSOH

Introduction

First of all, we would like to thank to Principal of SekolahMenengahDato Mahmud Paduka Raja (2) (SMKDMPR2), PuanHjh. Pah Fatimah bt.SayedSetapa for giving the permission to do this Additional Mathematics Project for trial examination for SijilPelajaran Malaysia (SPM). Besides, we also like to thank to our s beloved teacher of Additional Mathematics, EncikZaini bin Ibrahim for give the information and help we to do this project.

Table Content

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Contents introduction Part I Part II  Questions 1  Questions 2 (a)  Question 2 (b)  Question 2 (c)  Question 3 (a)  Question 3 (b) Part III Further Exploration

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PART I
History of cake baking and decorating.. Although clear examples of the difference between cake and bread are easy to find, the precise classification has always been elusive. For example, banana bread may be properly considered either a quick bread or a cake .The Greeks invented beer as a leavener, frying fritters in olive oil, and cheesecakes using goat's milk. In ancient Rome, basic bread dough was 3

sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake baked good. Latin poet Ovid -like refers to the birthday of him andhis brother with party and cake in his first book of exile,Tristia .Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the mostobvious differences between a "cake" and "bread" were the round, flat shape of the cakes, and the cooking method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was leftupright throughout the baking process. Sponge cakes, leavened with beaten eggs, originated during the Renaissance, possibly in Spain .Cake decorating is one of the sugar arts requiring mathematics thatuses icing or frosting andother edible decorative elements to make otherwise plain cakes more visually interesting. Alternatively, cakes can be moulded and sculpted to resemble three-dimensional persons, places and things. In many areas of the world, decorated cakes are often a focal point of a special celebration such as a birthday, graduation, bridal shower, wedding, or anniversary .Mathematics are often used to bake and decorate cakes, especially in the following actions:

    

Measurement of Ingredients Calculation of Price and Estimated Cost Estimation of Dimensions Calculation of Baking Times Modification of Recipe according to scale

PART II
1) 1 kg = 3800cm3 h = 7 cm 5 kg = 3 8005 4

= 19 000 cm3 V = r 2h 19 000 = 3.142r27 r2 =



r2 = 863.872 r = 29.392cm d = 2r d = 58.783cm 2) a) Maximum dimension of cake

d = 60.0 cm h = 45.0 cm

height/cm Diameter/cm 24 31.74666323 1 155.5262519 25 31.10525037 2 109.9736674 26 30.50120743 3 89.79312339 27 29.93104113 4 77.76312594 28 29.3916981 5 69.5534543 29 29.8804999a 6 63.49332645 30 28.39507881 7 58.78339783 31 27.93333944 8 54.98683368 32 27.49341684 9 51.84208396 33 27.07364537 10 49.18171919 34 26.67253215 11 46.89292932 35 26.2887347 12 44.89656169 36 25.92104198 13 43.13522122 37 25.56835831 14 41.56613923 38 25.2296896 15 40.15670556 39 24.90413158 16 38.88156297 40 24.59085959 17 37.72065671 41 24.28911983 18 36.65788912 42 23.99822167 19 35.68016921 43 23.71753106 20 34.77672715 44 23.44646466 21 33.93861056 45 23.18448477 22 33.15830831 23 32.42946528 b) i) h < 7 cm , h > 45 cm This is because any heights lower than 7 cm will result in the diameter of the cake being too big tofit into the baking oven while any heights higher than 45 cm willcause the cake being too tall to fit into the baking oven b) ii) I would suggest the dimensions of the cake to be 29 cm in height and approximately29 cm in diameter. This is because a cake with these dimensions is more symmetrical and easier to decorate. c) i) V = r 2h V = 19 000 5

r = 19 000 = 3.142( )2h

2

 

d2 = d log1od = log10 h 1 2 3 4

= 155.53h log10 h+ log10 155.53 log10 d 1.691814 1.191814 0.691814 0.191814

c) ii) a)

When h = 10.5 cm, log10h = 1.0212 According to the graph, log10d = 1.7 when log10h = 1.0212 Therefore, d = 50.12 cm

b) When d = 42 cm, log10d = 1.6232 According to the graph, log10h = 1.2 when log10d = 1.6232 Therefore h = 15.85cm

3. a) h= 29cm r =14.44cm

To calculate volume of cream used, the cream is symbolised as the larger cylinder andthe cake is symbolised as the smaller cylinder. Vcream = 3.142(15.44)230 19 000 = 22 471 19 000 = 3 471cm3 3) b) i. square shaped cake

Estimated volume of cream used = 3027.627.630 19 000 = 22 852.8 19 000 = 3 852.8cm3 ii. Triangle shaped cake

Estimated volume of cream used = 39.739.730 19 000 = 23 641.4 19 000 = 4 641.4 cm3 Trapezium shaped cake

iii.

Estimated volume of cream used = (28+42.5)2230 19 000 = 23 265 19 000 = 4 265 cm3 All estimations in the values are based on the assumption that the layer of cream is niformly thick at 1 cm u
3 c) Based on the values I have obtained, the round shaped cake requires the least amountof fresh cream (3471 cm ).

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PART III
Method 1: By comparing values of height against volume of cream used . Height/cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Volume of cream used/cm3
19983.61 10546.04 7474.42 5987.37 5130.07 4585.13 4217.00 3958.20 3771.41 3634.38 3533.03 3458.02 3402.96 3363.28 3335.70 3317.73 3307.53 3303.66 3304.98 3310.62 3319.86 3332.12 3346.94 3363.92 3382.74

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

3403.14 3424.89 3447.80 3471.71 3496.47 3521.98 3548.12 3574.81 3601.97 3629.54 3657.46 3685.67 3714.13 3742.81 3771.67 3800.67 3829.79 3859.01 3888.30 3917.65 3947.04 3976.46 4005.88 4035.31 4064.72

3 According to the table above, the minimum volume of cream used is 3303.66 cm when h =18cm.When h = 18cm, r = 18.3 cm

Method 2: Using differentiation Assuming that the surface area of the cake is proportionate to the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake. Formula for surface area = r2h+2 rh h =


surface area in contact with cream  ) = r2+2 r ( 11

= r2+ (

The values, when plotted into a graph will from a minimum value that can be obtained though differentiation =0 =2 r ( 0 0 =2 r (
2

)


= 6.284r 38 000

38 000 = 6.284r2 6 047.104 = r2 18.22 = r When r = 18.22cm, h = 18.22cm The dimensions of the cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to decorate isapproximately 18.2 cm in height and 18.2 cm in radius. I would bake a cake of such dimensions because the cake would not be too large for thecutting or eating of said cake, and it would not be too big to bake in a conventional oven.Therefore, its can proven by: When r = 10  the total surface area of the cake is 4114.2 cm2 3  the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake is 4381.2 cm  the ratio of total surface area of cake to amount of fresh cream needed is 0.94 When r = 20  the total surface area of the cake is 3156.8 cm2  the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cakeis 3308.5 cm3  the ratio of total surface area of cake to amount of fresh cream needed is 0.94.

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FURTHER EXPLORATION
a) Volume of cake 1 = r2h = 3.14231316 = 18 116.77cm3 Volume of cake 2 = r2h =3.142(0.931)26 = 14 676.585cm3 Volume of cake 3 = r2h = 3.142(0.90.931)26 = 3.142(25.11)26 = 11 886.414cm3 Volume of cake 4 = r2h = 3.142(0.90.90.931) = 3.142 ( 22.599)26 = 9 627.995 cm3 The values 118116.772, 14676.585, 11886.414, 9627.995 form a number pattern. he pattern formed is a T geometrical progression.This is proven by the fact that there is a common ratio between subsequent numbers, r = 0.81. Volume of cake 2 is divided by volume of cake 1:  = 0.81  Volume of cake 3 is divided by volume of cake 2:  = 0.81  Volume of cake 4 is divided by volume of cake 3:  = 0.81


b) Sn= = 15 kg = 57 000cm3 57 000 11 400 18 116.772 (1 0.8n) 0.629 1 0.8n 0.371 0.8n 0.371 0.8n log10 0.371 n log10 0.8 n 4.444 n =4 n


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Verification of answer If n=4 Total volume of 4 cakes = 18116.772 cm3+ 14676.585 cm3+ 11886.414 cm3+ 9627.995 cm3 = 54307.766 cm3 Total mass of cakes = 14.29 kg If n=5 Total volume of 5 cakes = 18116.772 cm3+ 14676.585 cm3+ 11886.414 cm3+ 9627.995 cm3+ 7798.676 cm3 = 62106.442 cm3 Total mass of cakes = 16.34 kg Total mass of cakes must not exceed 15 kg. Therefore, maximum number of cakes needed to be made = 4

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REFLECTION

In the process of conducting this project, we have learnt that perseverance pays off, especially when you obtain a just re ward for all your hard work. For we, succeeding in completing thisproject work has been reward enough. We also learnt that mathematics is used everywhere in daily life, from the most simple things like baking and decorating a cake, to designing andbuilding monuments. Besides that, we have learned many moral values that we practice. This project work had taught we to be more confident when doing something especially thehomework given by the teacher. Wealso learned to be a more disciplined student who ispunctual and independent. In the making of this project, wehave spent countless hours doing this project . We realized that this subject is a compulsory to we. Without it, we can t fulfill ourbig dreams and wishes.

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