Response and capacity of reinforced concrete structure element under Blast and short time period dynamic Load

A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of science In Structural Engineering

By Ho Jung Chung 2009

1. Objective
This project will be studied Reinforced concrete columns behavior due to explosive detonation. This study will provide potential resistance energy after variety located detonation near to or attached to columns. The test result will address to optimum design forces resist to blast loading. The experiment will be done computer analysis, known as finite element analysis program, because of hardship of real explosive experiment. This research expects to bring some idea for optimal design to resist versus to blast load or impact load.

2. Review of Literature and Current Practices

Prior to recent events, blast resistant design was mainly considered for military purpose. Collapse of the Alfred P. Murrah Building in Oklahoma City (Crawford et al 1997) has illustrated that other structures are also at risk and has increased the awareness for blast resistant design of structures. (FEMA 2003) The blast load and response behave very similar to Seismic response in short time period. The seismic design and knowledge helps to resist against to blast load, but it is important to determine blast pressure and size of charges. The detonation of an explosive consumes only a portion of the combustible material. (Arup K. Maji 2008) Gas pressures result from gaseous products of the explosive reation and the attendant heating of the air near the structure. The amount of venting has a significant effect on the gas pressure loading. The detonation produces a shock wave, called the incident wave, which propagates uniformly away from the explosive in an ideal blast until it encounters an adjacent surface and produces a reflected wave (Baker 1973). However, the load can be considered impulsive if the duration of the load is less than 25% of the natural period of the structure. (Arup K. Maji 2008). Therefore, the dynamic response will depend on both the duration of loading (td) and the first mode natural period of the structure or the element (Td). The effects of high strain rates resulting from blast loads were considered in establishing the material properties for use in the capacity evaluation of the slabs. According to TM5-1300 (NAVAFAC 1990), the average strain rate for concrete, steel,
s, c,

and reinforcing

material properties are computed based on the following relations:   

tE=time gap from first impact to peak response; Es =steel elastic modulus; and fdy=dynamic increase factor.

3. Proposed Investigations
Blast load is one of the dynamic loads, short time period dynamic load. In concrete columns, longitudinal and lap splice will prevent failure against to lateral forces. In this study, will study and exam relationship between ratio and variety located explosive detonations. All of this experiment will be tested by finite element computer analysis(by using LS-dyna).

4. Deliverables
Series of columns of reinforced concrete structure by changing and lap spacing. Design of detonation (types of explosive and size of charges) Test result from Finite Element Analysis Prgram, (LS Dyna) <Test Matrix 1> experiment number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Height distance Potential Axial Load ratio of longitudinal

bottom bottom bottom bottom bottom bottom middle middle middle middle middle middle

attached to column 3ft 6ft 9ft 12ft 15ft attached to column 3ft 6ft 9ft 12ft 15ft

<Test Matrix 2>

experiment number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

(ratio of tention reinforcement)

100% 130% 160% 190% 100% 100% 100% 100% 130% 160% 190% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 130% 160% 190% x x x x x x x

Tie spacing

Spiral Reinforcement
x x x x x x x 100% 100% 100% 100% 130% 160% 190%

Potential Axial Load

5. Time line
Attached as additional document

6. Budget

7. Bibliography
1) American Institute of Steel Construction. Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. Chicago, IL, 2005 2) American Society of Civil Engineers. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures: ASCE 7-05. New York, NY, 2005. 3) American Institute of Steel Construction. Manual of Steel Construction. Thirteenth Edition. Chicago, IL, 2005. 4) Arup K. Maji, F.ASCE; Jay P. Brown; and Girum S. Urgessa, Full-Scale Testing and Analysis for Blast-Resistant Design,2008 5) Baker, W. E. Explosions in air, University of Texas Press, Austin, TX 1973 6) Becker, R. and Ishler, M. Seismic design practice for eccentrically braced frames . Structural Steel Educational Council, Moraga, CA, 1996. 7) Chia Ming Uang et al. Seismic design of steel structures. The seismic design handbook. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Mass, 2001 8) Crawford, J. E.,Malvar, L. J. Wesevich, J. W., Valancius, J., and Reynolds, A. D. (1997) Retrofit of reinforced concrete structures to resis blast effects 9) Michel Bruneau, Chia-Ming Uang, and Andrew Stuart Whittaker. Ductile Design of Steel Structures. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1998 10) NAVAFAC, Joint Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force._1990_. Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions.