AVESTA 2D, 3D AND 4D ELECTRODES

simplicity and flexibility in all positions

Versatility and quality whatever the position!

For flexible welding in all positions, covered electrodes are hard to beat. They can be used for prefabrication welding in workshops, on-site welding, overlay welding and repair welding. Thanks to Avesta Weldings new 2D, 3D and 4D concept, the positive characteristics of covered electrodes can be exploited to the full.
Avesta 2D electrodes
high productivity in the flat welding position. Avesta 2D high-recovery electrodes give a metal recovery of up to 150%. The deposition rate can be as much as 30% better than that of corresponding standard products. Because weld beads are generally longer when using 2D electrodes, there is minimum starting and stopping. This improves both cost efficiency and quality. 2D electrodes can be used for: horizontal-vertical and flat fillet welds; flat butt welds; and, various types of overlay welding. Suitable metal thicknesses are 5 mm upwards.

Avesta 4D electrodes
the optimum electrodes for extreme position welding of sheeet and pipes. The weldability of 4D electrodes is extremely good and the arc and weld pool are both stable. The thin coating gives a small weld pool. However, the slag is very compliant and easy to control. A short arc is to be used for welding. The slag is self-releasing and leaves an even, beautiful weld finish. All Avestas 2D, 3D and 4D electrodes are available in formats for welding: austenitic stainless steels (with or without molybdenum); duplex stainless steels; and, stainless steels to carbon steels.

Avesta 3D electrodes
the perfect all-round electrodes. Avesta 3D electrodes have been specially developed for flexible welding in all common welding positions. As 3D electrodes have a very wide parameter box, they have a large working range and can be used for all types of joints. 3D electrodes have extremely good weldability and give a stable arc. The slag and the weld pool are both easy to control. Suitable metal thicknesses are 3 mm upwards. For thin materials, Avesta 4D electrodes are recommended.

Electrode and designations

Electrode type EN 1600 Austenitic Avesta Weldings designation Avesta 2D 308L/MVR-HX, 316L/SKR-HX Avesta 3D 308L/MVR, 316L/SKR Avesta 4D 308L/MVR-4D, 316L/SKR-4D Avesta 2D 2205-HX Avesta 3D 2205 Avesta 4D 2205-4D Avesta 2D P5-HX Avesta 3D 309L, P5 Avesta 4D 309L-4D, P5-4D

Austeniticferritic (duplex) Special types

The 2D, 3D, 4D concept enables

the positive characteristics

to be exploited to the full

Experience and know-how in all stainless steel applications

experts in stainless steel!

In most environments where stainless steel is used, excellent corrosion resistance is a must. Avestas 3D and 4D electrodes are the best possible start to achieving corrosion-resistant joints. Avesta Welding will provide expert assistance in choosing materials, welding methods and post-weld treatments for optimal results in even the most demanding of environments.
1. AISI 316/EN 1.4401 pipes in, for example, the pulp and paper industry, can advantageously be welded using 316L/SKR-4D electrodes in all positions. Covered electrodes here provide a very cost-efficient alternative to TIG welding. 2. Owing to their superb positional weldability, 3D covered electrodes are an excellent choice for the all-position on-site welding of process and storage vessels in the pulp, paper, chemical and foodstuffs industries, etc. 3. Duplex 2205 is becoming increasingly popular in the manufacture of pipelines for natural gas. Here, 3D electrodes can once again give excellent results when welding in any position.

In most environments where

stainless steel is used

excellent corrosion resistance is a must

The compound is pressed onto the

straightened and cut-to-length

stainless steel core wires

Full control from

steelworks to end user

Because we work very closely with local steel producers, we have full control of the raw materials going into our products. We can steer the entire process from melt to market.
Manufacture
1. The core wires of Avesta Weldings covered electrodes are made from 18 Cr-10 Ni, 17 Cr-11 Ni-2 Mo or 22 Cr-9 Ni-3 Mo type stainless steels. From 5.60 mm wire rod, they are sequentially drawn to their final dimensions. They are then straightened and cut to suitable lengths. 2. For optimum weldability, each product and dimension has its own unique formula. Formula development is based on extensive experience and close collaborations with end users. Besides minerals and slag formers (to promote weldability), the powder used to form the coating also contains metals (to ensure the correct chemical composition). The powder is weighed and mixed in a fully automatic weighing system. 3. A sodium silicate solution is then added and the compound is pressed onto the straightened and cutto-length stainless steel core wires. 45. After pressing, the electrodes are marked with the batch number and steel grade. They then undergo a strictly controlled drying cycle that drives out the sodium silicate. 6. After drying, there are comprehensive quality controls before the electrodes are packed in sealed plastic capsules. Each batch of electrodes is approved only after analyses and weldability checks. 2 4 5

2D, 3D and 4D covered electrodes

simple and flexible welding
Covered electrodes can be used for welding in all positions and in a wide range of dimensions. All Avestas 2D, 3D and 4D electrodes have very good weldability and are characterised by excellent arc stability, superb weld finishes and no spatter.

Welding recommendations
Welding current can be either DC+ or AC. However, DC+ always gives the best weldability. Overlay welding and the flat welding of butt and fillet welds. Welding must be with a short arc and no weaving. To minimise dilution in overlay welding, small overlaps and the angling of the arc towards the preceding bead are essential. A short arc is to be used for welding. The slag is self-releasing and leaves an even, beautiful weld finish. Even if double-sided welding is always to be preferred, 3D electrodes give good results in single-sided welding. Weaving is essential in vertical-up welding. A very short arc and slight weaving motion must be used for welding. When welding I joints in sheet metal, the gap should be slightly larger than the electrode diameter. For example, if a 2.0 mm electrode is used to weld 2 mm sheet, the gap should be 2.0 2.5 mm. With larger gaps, it may be advantageous to weld with the electrode connected to the negative terminal. This is also true when using 309L-4D or P5-4D to weld mixed joints between carbon and stainless steels. The weld pool and penetration are then very easy to control. As the weld pool is minimal, 4D electrodes are perfect for welding thin metal components.

When welding, for example, acid-resistant pipes in the pulp and paper industry, the productivity of 4D electrodes is far superior to that achieved using TIG welding. No backing gas is required.

Avesta 2D electrode 308L/MVR-HX 316L/SKR-HX 2205 P5

Diameter, Flat mm (PA) Current, A

2.50 3.25 4.00 5.00

60- 90 80-130 110-170 170-230

Avesta 3D electrode

Diameter, Flat mm (PA) Current, A

Vertical-up (PF) Current, A 2535 3045 4555 7090

308L/MVR 316L/SKR 2205 309L P5

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1.6 2.0 2.5 3.25 4.0 5.0

25 45 30 55 45 70 60110 90150 150200

Avesta 4D electrode

Diameter, Flat mm (PA) Current, A 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.25 2.0 2.5 3.25 25 45 30 55 40 70 50110 35 55 45 70 55110

Vertical-up (PF) Current, A 2030 2035 2540 3540 2540 3045 4045

Vertical-down (PG) Current, A 25 45 30 55 40 70 50110 35 45 45 70 55110

308L/MVR-4D 316L/SKR-4D 2205-4D 309L-4D P5-4D

Covered electrodes are extremely suitable for all types of repair welding. Welding position and metal thickness determine the choice of 2D, 3D or 4D electrodes. 1. The single-sided welding of stainless steel places the severest demands on consumables. Arc, weld pool and slag are all highly controllable with both Avesta 3D and 4D electrodes. Consequently, they give exceptionally fine root beads. For increased productivity, filler beads can be deposited using Avesta FCW-2D or FCW-3D flux cored wires.

2. Avesta 2D electrodes deliver high productivity and quality in the overlay welding of carbon steel components such as pipes, connection pieces and cones. 3. The 3D range of electrodes has a wide area of use in the on-site welding of, for example, storage tanks, digesters and thick-walled pipes made of austenitic and duplex steels.

Electrodes must be stored

in their unbroken
original packagings

Storage and handling

Stainless steel covered electrodes are moisture sensitive. Even though Avesta Weldings consumables are supplied in packaging that has been developed to resist moisture, a certain degree of care is still recommended during storage and handling. Covered electrodes must be stored in their unbroken, original packagings. Storage in opened packaging can considerably shorten the products service life. The storage temperature should be as constant as possible and must never fall below 15C. the supplied item and typical values for yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. Each capsule and pack has the following markings: Avesta Weldings product designation Lot number Weight Standard designation (where applicable) Approvals (where applicable) Welding recommendations Warning label

Quality assurance and marking

Avesta Weldings covered electrodes are supplied with a 3.1 certificate. This shows the chemical composition of
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Weld metal composition

Avesta Welding electrode designation 2D 3D 4D 2D 3D 4D 2D 3D 4D 3D 4D 2D 3D 4D 308L/MVR-HX 308L/MVR 308L/MVR-4D 316L/SKR-HX 316L/SKR 316L/SKR-4D 2205-HX 2205 2205-4D 309L 309L-4D P5-HX P5 P5-4D Chemical composition, typical values, % C Si Mn Cr Ni 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 20.0 19.5 19.5 18.0 18.5 18.2 22.5 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.3 22.0 22.5 23.0 10.5 10.1 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 9.5 9.5 9.4 13.0 12.8 13.5 13.5 13.0 Mo 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 Other N=0.15 N=0.15 N=0.15 Typical ferrite* 10 5 8 8 8 8 30 30 30 15 15 20 20 20

Standard designation
EN 1600 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 9LR 9LR 9LR 12 3 L R 12 3 L R 12 3 L R 93NLR 93NLR 93NLR 12 L R 12 L R 12 2 L R 12 2 L R 12 2 L R AWS A5.4 E308L-17 E308L-17 E308L-17 E316L-17 E316L-17 E316L-17 E2209-17 E2209-17 E2209-17 E309L-17 E309L-17 E309MoL-17 E309MoL-17 E309MoL-17

* The ferrite content of pure weld metal. FN 0-18 in Schaeffler-DeLong, FN >18 in WRC-92.

Mechanical properties, typical values

Avesta Welding electrode designation 2D 3D 4D 2D 3D 4D 2D 3D 4D 3D 4D 2D 3D 4D 308L/MVR-HX 308L/MVR 308L/MVR-4D 316L/SKR-HX 316L/SKR 316L/SKR-4D 2205-HX 2205 2205-4D 309L 309L-4D P5-HX P5 P5-4D Rp0,2 Rm N/mm2 N/mm2 395 470 420 420 445 480 640 620 630 450 460 450 490 530 550 570 520 575 590 590 825 810 820 550 590 625 640 660 A5 % 41 37 35 37 36 34 25 25 25 35 29* 30 30 28* Impact strength, KV, J +20C Low temp. 65 60 54 55 54 60 55 45 45 50 50 35 40 40 55 55 38 55 52 55 40 45 35 50 45 35 28 38 (40C) (40C) (40C) (40C) (40C) (40C) (40C) (20C) (40C) (40C) (40C) (20C) (40C) (40C) Brinell hardness 210 200 200 210 210 210 240 240 240 210 210 220 220 220

Approvals**
TV X X X X X X X X X X X X DNV X X X CWB X X X X

X X

X X

* Does not meet the requirements of AWS A5.4.

** Contact Avesta Welding for details.

Dimensions and packaging data

Avesta 2D electrode 308L/MVR-HX 316L/SKR-HX 2205-HX P5-HX Diameter and lenght, mm 2.50 3.25 4.00 5.00 350 400 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450

Choice of filler metals

EN 1.4301 1.4307 1.4311 1.4541 1.4436 1.4432 ASTM 304 304L 304LN 321 316 316L 316LN 316Ti S32205 Outokumpu steel designation 4301 4307 4311 4541 4436 4432 4429 4571 2205 2205 316L/SKR 308L/MVR Recommended Avesta 3D electrode

Avesta 3D electrode 308L/MVR 316L/SKR 2205 309L P5

Diameter and lenght, mm 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.25 250 250 300 300 300 300 300 350 350 350 300 300 350 350 350 350 350

4.00 450 450 450 450 450

5.00 450 450 450 450 450

1.4429 1.4571 1.4462

Joints between molybdenum free stainless steels and carbon or low-alloy steels. Overlay welding of carbon or low-alloy steels.

309L

Avesta 4D electrode 308L/MVR-4D 316L/SKR-4D 2205-4D 309L-4D P5-4D

Diameter and lenght, mm 1.60 2.00 2.50 250 250 250/300 250/300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300

3.25 350 350 350 350 350

Joints between molybdenum alloyed stainless steels and carbon or low-alloy steels. Overlay welding of carbon or low-alloy steels.

P5

Avesta Weldings covered electrodes are delivered in moisture-proof, plastic capsules packed in cartons. The electrodes can also be supplied vacuumpacked.

11

Avesta Welding AB P.O. Box 501, Koppardalen SE-774 27 Avesta, Sweden Tel: +46 (0)226 815 00 Fax: +46 (0)226 815 75 info@avestawelding.com www.avestawelding.com

1277EN-GB, Print One Halmstad, 2006