ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to thank and acknowledge several individuals without whom this project could not have been carried through.

I am thankful to the management of Aditya Birla Training And Research Center (ABTRC) for giving me this wonderful opportunity of working with them for these 5 weeks. It has been the most enriching experience.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to all my guides and mentors who made it possible for me to complete this submission. I would like to thank Mr. Dinesh Soni project manager without whose tremendous support this submission would not have been possible.

I would also like to acknowledge the teachers, staff and my fellow friends of BKBIET (B.K. Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology) who encouraged me during the course of the project and helped me make it a success.

Lastly I take this opportunity to thank my co-trainees who have supported me throughout in completion for this project.

TABLE OF CONTENT:
Certificate... (2) Acknowledgment (3) Organization profile.. (5) Objective. (6) Block Diagram (7) Working

Theoretical Background (8) Introduction of 8051 Pin Diagram and Functions

Components and IC Used. (12) DTMF Decoder (MT-8870) Serial Communication (MAX-232) Relay and Darlington Pair

Circuit Diagram. (23) Explanation

Software Platform.. (28)

Data Flow Diagram (29)

Source Code... (30)

Result.. (33)

Conclusion.. (33)

References. (34)

ORGANIZATION PROFILE

NAME-ABTRC

PLACE-PILANI

ABTRC or Aditya Birla Training and Research Centre opened in 2010, helps engineering students to have knowledge and practical aspect of electronic and electrical field by giving them training on embedded as well as FPGA. Training here in ABTRC helps to have knowledge on embedded system which makes it a fruitful experience.

OBJECTIVE
The continuous increasing demand of the food requires the rapid improvement in food production technology. In a country like India, where the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climatic conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes waste. In the modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that water is supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of water is saved. At the present era, the farmers have been using irrigation technique in India through the manual control in which the farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get dried. Water deficiency can be detrimental to plants before visible wilting occurs. Slowed growth rate, lighter weight fruit follows slight water deficiency. This problem can be perfectly rectified if we use automatic microcontroller based drip irrigation system in which the irrigation will take place only when there will be intense requirement of water. Irrigation system uses valves to turn irrigation ON and OFF. These valves may be easily automated by using controllers and solenoids. Automating farm or nursery irrigation allows farmers to apply the right amount of water at the right time, regardless of the availability of labor to turn valves on and off. In addition, farmers using automation equipment are able to reduce runoff from over watering saturated soils, avoid irrigating at the wrong time of day, which will improve crop performance by ensuring adequate water and nutrients when needed. Automatic Drip Irrigation is a valuable tool for accurate soil moisture control in highly specialized greenhouse vegetable production and it is a simple, precise method for irrigation. It also helps in time saving, removal of human error in adjusting available soil moisture levels and to maximize their net profits.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Working:
Here we have designed a model using a microcontroller and mobile. If the farmer wants to switch on the motor he just needs to give a ring to the particular mobile no. which is implemented near the motor. If the motor is on by ring and the farmer needs to switch off he just needs to call back to the same no. When the user/farmer calls on the particular cell phone implemented near the motor it would be automatically answered by auto answer. The programming of the microcontroller is done in such a way that when 1 is pressed the motor will be on for exactly one minute and so on till the 8 is pressed. In order to manually switch off the motor one needs to press the key 0.

Theoretical Background
In this section, the theoretical background of this project is explained.

The Brain:
The brain of the whole device i.e. the thing which controls the whole device is the NXP P89V51RD2 microcontroller. This microcontroller receives the bits serially from MT-8870. Now depending on the code received, it turns on or off the switches. Switching is achieved using relays, which can be turned on or off using microcontroller.

Introduction about the 8051:The NXP P89V51RD2 microcontroller is one of the most popular general purpose microcontrollers in use today. The success of the Intel 8051 spawned a number of clones which are collectively referred to as the MCS-51 family of microcontrollers, which includes chips from vendors such as Atmel, Philips, Infineon, and Texas Instruments are limited to 8 bits. There are 3 basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and Extended. The Short and Standard chips are often available in DIP (dual in-line package) form, but the Extended 8051 models often have a different form factor, and are not "drop-in compatible". All these things are called 8051 because they can all be programmed using 8051 assembly language, and they all share certain features the different models all have their own special features).

Features of 8051 Architecture:

1. Optimized 8-bit CPU for control applications. 2. Extensive Boolean processing capabilities. 3. 64 K Program Memory address space. 4. 4K byte of ROM. 5. 128 bytes of On chip Data Memory. 6. 32 Bi-Directional and individually addressable I/O lines. 7. Two 16 bit timers/counters. 8. Full duplex UART.

Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems:

In the Literature discussing microprocessors, we often see the term Embedded Systems. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded system products. An embedded system product uses a microprocessor (or Microcontroller) to do one task only. A printer is an example of embedded systems since the processor inside it performs one task only; namely getting the data and printing it. Contrast this with a Pentium based PC. A PC can be used for any number of applications such as word processor, print-server, bank teller terminal, Video game, network server, or Internet terminal. Software for a variety of applications can be loaded and run. of course the reason a pc can perform myriad tasks is that it has RAM memory and operating systems that loads the application software into RAM memory and lets the CPU run it. In an Embedded Systems, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM. An x86 PC contains or is connected to various embedded products such as keyboard. Printer, modem, disk controller, sound card, CD-ROM drives, mouse and so on. Each one of these peripherals has a Microcontroller inside it that performs only one task. For example, inside every mouse there is a Microcontroller to perform the task of finding the mouse position and sending it to the PC.

8051 Microcontroller Pin Diagram and Pin Functions:

ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 of the oscillator frequency, for external timing or clocking purposes, even when there are no accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during EPROM programming.

PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory. When device is executing out of external Program Memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle (except that to PSEN activation are skipped during accesses to external Data Memory). PSEN is not

activated when the device is executing out of internal Program Memory.

EA/VPP: When EA is held high the CPU executes out of internal Program Memory (unless the Program Counter exceeds 0FFFH in the 80C51). Holding EA low forces the CPU to execute out of external memory regardless of the Program Counter value. In the 80C31, EA must be externally wired low. In the EPROM devices, this pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP) during EPROM programming.

XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier.

XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. As an open drain output port, it can sink eight LS TTL loads. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state will function as high impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external memory. In this application it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. Port 0 emits code bytes during program verification. In this application, external pull-ups are required.

Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by internal pull-ups, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups.

Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during accesses to external memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s.

Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. It also serves the functions of various special features of the 80C51 Family as follows:

Port Pin Alternate Function P3.0 RxD (serial input port) P3.1 TxD (serial output port) P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0) P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1) P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input) P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input) P3.6 WR (external data memory write strobe) P3.7 RD (external data memory read strobe)

VCC: Supply voltage

VSS: Circuit ground potential

COMPONENTS AND IC USED:

DTMF tones:
DTMF is as acronym for Dual Tone Multi-frequency Signaling it is used in telecommunication signaling basically it is a signal that is sent to the switching center (phone company) when the phones keys are pressed.DTMF is also called as Multi Frequency Signaling because for each key you press two tones of specific frequencies are generated. This is done so that a voice cannot imitate the tones. One tone is generated from a high frequency group and the other from a low frequency group. In all there are 16 DTMF tones but currently only 12 tones are being used in our phones so we will only study those over here.

1209 Hz 697 Hz 770Hz 852 Hz 941 Hz 1 4 7 *

1336 Hz 2 5 8 0

1477 Hz 3 6 0 #

In the above table you can see the row is representing a low frequency and the columns represent the high frequency. So when a key is pressed a sinusoidal signal containing corresponding low & high frequency is sent. E.g. if key 5 is pressed the sinusoidal signal will consist of two frequencies 770Hz & 1336Hz. These tones are then decoded at the switching center to determine which key was pressed.

DTMF decoder (MT7780):

The M-8870 is a full DTMF Receiver that integrates both band split filter and decoder functions into a single 18-pin DIP or SOIC package. Manufactured using CMOS process technology, the M-8870 offers low power consumption (35 mW max) and precise data handling. Its filter section uses switched capacitor technology for both the high and low group filters and for dial tone rejection. Its decoder uses digital counting techniques to detect and decode all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code. External component count is minimized by provision of an on-chip differential input amplifier, clock generator, and latched tri-state interface bus. Minimal external components required include a low-cost 3.579545 MHz color burst crystal, a timing resistor, and a timing capacitor. The M-8870-02 provides a power-down option which, when enabled, drops consumption to less than 0.5 mW. The M-8870-02 can also inhibit the decoding of fourth column digits.

Pin configuration:

Pin details:

Block diagram:

Functional description:

M-8870 operating functions include a band split filter that separates the high and low tones of the received pair, and a digital decoder that verifies both the frequency and duration of the received tones before passing the resulting 4-bit code to the output bus.

Filter: The low and high group tones are separated by applying the dual-tone signal to the inputs of two 6th order switched capacitor band pass filters with bandwidths that correspond to the bands enclosing the low and high group tones. The filter also incorporates notches at 350 and 440 Hz, providing excellent dial tone rejection. Each filter output is followed by a single-order switched capacitor section that smoothes the signals prior to limiting. Signal limiting is performed by high gain comparators provided with hysteresis to prevent detection of unwanted low-level signals

and noise. The comparator outputs provide full-rail logic swings at the frequencies of the incoming tones.

Decoder:

The M-8870 decoder uses a digital counting technique to determine the frequencies of the limited tones and to verify that they correspond to standard DTMF frequencies. A complex averaging algorithm is used to protect against tone simulation by extraneous signals while tolerating small frequency variations. The algorithm ensures optimum combination of immunity to talk off and tolerance to interfering signals (third tones) and noise. When the detector recognizes the simultaneous presence of two valid tones(known as signal condition), it raises the Early Steering flag (ESt). Any subsequent loss of signal condition will cause ESt to fall.

Serial Communication:
A serial cable is a cable that can be used to transfer information between two devices using serial communication. In telecommunications, RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is the traditional name for a series of standards for serial binary single-ended data and control signals connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports.

MAX 232:
The MAX232 was the first IC which in one package contains the necessary drivers (two) and receivers (also two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. It became popular, because it just needs one voltage (+5V) and generates the necessary RS-232 voltage levels (approx. -10V and +10V) internally. This greatly simplified the design of circuitry. Circuitry designers no longer need to design and build a power supply with three voltages (e.g. -12V, +5V, and +12V), but could just provide one +5V power supply, e.g. with the help of a simple 78x05 voltage converter. The MAX232 has a successor, the MAX232A. The ICs are almost identical, however, the MAX232A is much more often used (and easier to get) than the original MAX232, and the MAX232A only needs external capacitors 1/10th the capacity of what the original MAX232 needs. It should be noted that the MAX232(A) is just a driver/receiver. It does not generate the necessary RS-232 sequence of marks and spaces with the right timing, it does not decode the RS232 signal, it does not provide a serial/parallel conversion. All it does is to convert signal voltage levels. Generating serial data with the right timing and decoding serial data has to be done by additional circuitry. The MAX232 and MAX232A were once rather expensive ICs, but today they are cheap. It has also helped that many companies now produce clones (ie. Sipex). These clones sometimes need different external circuitry, e.g. the capacities of the external capacitors vary. The original manufacturer (and now some clone manufacturers, too) offers a large series of similar ICs, with different numbers of receivers and drivers, voltages, built-in or external capacitors, etc. E.g. The MAX232 and MAX232A need external capacitors for the internal voltage pump, while the MAX233 has these capacitors built-in. The MAX233 is also between three and ten times more expensive in electronic shops than the MAX232A because of its internal capacitors. It is also more difficult to get the MAX233 than the garden variety MAX232A.

A similar IC, the MAX3232 is nowadays available for low-power 3V logic.

Pin Signal In/Out Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DCD RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS RI In In Out Out In Out In In Data Carrier Detect Receive Data Transmit Data Data Terminal Ready Ground Data Set Ready Request To Send Clear To Send Ring Indicator

RELAY
Relays are devices which allow low power circuits to switch a relatively high Current/Voltage ON/OFF. For a relay to operate a suitable pull-in & holding current should be passed through its coil. Generally relay coils are designed to operate from a particular voltage often its 5V or 12V.The function of relay driver circuit is to provide the necessary current (typically 25 to 70ma) to energize the relay coil. In our project we used a relay which operates on 12V.It is a SPDT(Single Pole Double Throw). A common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil thus making the relay a 5 pin relay. Basically relays operate in following two modes:


Normally-open (NO) contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a Form A contact or "make" contact. NO contacts can also be distinguished as "early-make" or NOEM, which means that the contacts will close before the button or switch is fully engaged.

Normally-closed (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a Form Bcontact or "break" contact. NC contacts can also be distinguished as "late-break" or NCLB, which means that the contacts will stay closed until the button or switch is fully disengaged.

We have used relay in normally open condition. These are electromagnetic switches that switch between a "normally open" condition and a "normally closed" condition. Relay switches are used to switch a high-voltage or high-powered circuit by using a low-voltage circuit to actuate the

switch mechanism. When the relay is actuated (energized), the "common" terminal is switched from the "normally closed" to the "normally open" position. When the relay is turned off, the "common" terminal is switched back to the "normally closed" position and the relay is energized only upon receiving the control signal from the 89V51RD2 controller. Thus upon energizing the relay operates a motor(220V). Relay Driver Circuit Using a Darlington Pair:

Above figure shows the basic relay driver circuit. In this circuit a NPN transistor BC547 is being used to control the relay. The transistor is driven into saturation (turned ON) when a LOGIC 1 is written on the PORT PIN thus turning ON the relay. The relay is turned OFF by writing LOGIC 0 on the port pin. A diode (1N4007) is connected across the relay coil; this is done so as to protect the transistor from damage due to the BACK EMF generated in the relay's inductive coil when the transistor is turned OFF. When the transistor is switched OFF the energy stored in the inductor is dissipated through the diode & the internal resistance of the relay coil. Normally 1N4148 can be used as it is fast switching diode with a maximum forward current of 300ma. This diode is also called as free-wheeling diode. The LED is used to indicate that the RELAY has been turned ON. The resistor R1 defines the current flowing through the LED thereby defining the LEDs intensity. Resistor R2 is used as a Series Base Resistor to set the base current. When working with 8051 controllers I have noted that its not compulsory to use this resistor as the controller has internal 10k resistor which acts as a base resistor. Microcontrollers have internal pull up resistors hence when a port pin is HIGH the output current flows through

this internal pull up resistor. 8051 microcontrollers have an internal pull up of 10K. Hence the maximum output current will be 5v/10k = 0.5ma. This current is not sufficient to drive the transistor into saturation and turn ON the relay. Hence an external pull up resistor R3 is used. Whenever 8051 microcontroller is turned ON initially the controller is in reset state and all the controller pins are HIGH which would result in TURNING ON the relay every time power is turned ON or if there is a power fluctuation. This may also damage the device connected to relay so as to avoid this problem another transistor is connected to form a darlington pair,thus acting as an amplifier.

This diagram represents a Darlington pair which is connected to the relay. Darlington pair is a compound structure consisting of two bipolar transistors (either integrated or separated devices) connected in such a way that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. This configuration gives a much higher current gain than each transistor taken separately and, in the case of integrated devices, can take less space than two individual transistors because they can use a shared collector.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Explanation of circuit diagram:

1. Power Supply Unit:

Every electronics system whether an entertainment gadget or a test and measurement equipment is requires one or more than one DC voltages for its operation. Power supplies are often classified as linear power supplies or switched mode power supplies depending up on the nature of regulation circuit. In our project linear power supplies are used, since the required DC voltages are+5v, +12v, & -12volts. Basic constituents of a linear power supply such as transformer, rectifier, filters and voltage regulators are discussed here. The linear power supply block diagram is shown in fig.

Function and operation: The main function of this linear power supply is to convert AC to DC. The basic principle of the linear power supply is following. The 230v single-phase AC supply is step-downed by the step-down transformer. We are choosing 9v step-down transformer, because we require DC volt as 5v. Always the transformer rating is higher than DC output voltage. The transformer output is given into rectifier, where the AC signal is converted into DC signal. Than the rectifier, output is given to filter because the rectifier output has the noise signal This noise signal is filtered by capacitor. The capacitor output is given regulator IC, where the capacitor output voltage is regulated and maintaining as constant voltage. This constant DC voltage is supply to our component.

2. Minimum requirement circuit for 8051 8051 has 4 eight bit ports(port0,port1,port2,port3) which can be used as input or output ports.we have used four pins of port 2(P2.0, P2.1, P2.2 , P2.3) as the input ports which are connected to the outport ports of MT-8870(DTMF-Decoder)which are named as Q4,Q3,Q2,Q1. The Std pin (pin no 15)of DTMF-Decoder is connected to the port1(P 1.1).Port1(P 1.0) is used to provide the output bit to darlington pair which is used to energize the relay. The 8051 has a built-in oscillator amplifier hence we need to only connect a crystal at these pins to provide clock pulses to the circuit. 8051 requires the existence of an external oscillator circuit. The oscillator circuit runs at 11.0592MHz( can be divided to give us exact clock rates for most of the common baud rates for the UART(serial port), especially for the higher speeds (9600, 19200). The 8051 uses the crystal precisely to synchronize its operation. Effectively, the 8051 operates using what are called "machine cycles." A single machine cycle is the minimum amount of time in which a single 8051 instruction can be executed. Each machine cycle in the 8051 is 12 clock cycles, giving an effective cycle rate at 1MHz (for a 12MHz clock). The oscillator circuit that generates the clock pulses so that all internal operations are synchronized. The crystal can also be used as a clock source for CPU if required. The two 27pf cermic capacitors are connected along with the pins 18 and 19. A Reset Switch is connected between pin 9 and 31 which is used to reset the microcontroller.

3.

Serial communication :

One of the 8051s many powerful features is its integrated UART( serial port). The fact that the 8051 has an integrated serial port means that we can very easily read and write values to the serial port. If it were not for the integrated serial port, writing a byte to a serial line would be a rather tedious process requring turning on and off one of the I/O lines in rapid succession to properly "clock out" each individual bit, including start bits, stop bits, and parity bits.However, we do not have to do this. Instead, we simply need to configure the serial ports operation mode and baud rate. Once configured, all we have to do is write to an SFR(Special Function Register) to write a value to the serial port or read the same SFR to read a value from the serial port. The 8051 will automatically let us know when it has finished sending the character we wrote and will also let us know whenever it has received a byte so that we can process it. We do not have to worry about transmission at the bit level--which saves us quite a bit of coding and processing

time. We have used MAX RS-232 for serial communication.RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is the traditional name for a series of standards for serial binary singleended data and control signals connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports. In the circuit a 9pin serial port connector is used whose pin 2 is connected to pin 14 of RS-232 ,pin 3 is connected to pin 13 of RS-232 and pin 5 of connector is connected to ground. The pin 12,11 of RS-232 are connected with pins 11,10 (txd,rxd) respectively of 8051 which are used for receiving and transmitting of signal from/to serial port.

4. MT-8870 Decoder Section : This section consists of a decoder ic which is used to decode the DTMF tones. This decoder decodes both lower and higher frequencies with the help of two Switched Capacitor filters(6th order bandpass filters).In this decoder the output pins(11,12,13,14) are connected to four pins of port 2 of 8051(P2.0,P2.1,P2.2,P2.3) and the Std pin is used to send the signal to microcontroller at port P1.1 .Pin 15(Std) forms the basis of the programming done on the microcontroller. This pin has a very special feature which makes it a powerful tool for the operation of devices using mobile communication. Its that this pin returns a logic high whenever a new pair of available tones is detected but remains at high logic for very less time thus helping us to implement the code with the help of this pin.

The above diagram represents the tone decoding of DTMF-Decoder(mt-8870).It shows when any key from 1-9 is pressed than what binary values appear on output ports of the decoder. Thus we can see it gives different values for different keys pressed. 5. Relay Driven Circuit using Darlington Pair: This section of circuit consists of a 12v relay connected with a Darlington Pair which is used as an amplifier .A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts.It is used to control a circuit(high voltage circuit) by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. We have used relay to control a motor(water pump) for the purpose of showing the irrigation(irrigating of fields through mobile). In darlington pair there are two transistors connected together so that the current amplified by the first is amplified further by the second transistor. The overall current gain is equal to the two individual gains multiplied together .We have use two BC-547 NPN Transistors for making a Darlington Pair. The base of first transistor receives an output signal from P1.0 of 89V51RD2 controller thus when output signal is high the relay is energized causing the motor to work. Intially the relay is in N.O(normally open) condition.

SOFTWARE PLATFORM
1.Vision Keil Vision Keil Provides IDE for 8051 programming & is very easy to use. When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from the device Database and the Vision IDE Sets all compiler, Assembler, Linker and Memory options .Its device database is large which supports many ICs of the 8051 family. A HEX file can be created with the help of Keil which is required for burning onto chip. It has a powerful debugging tool which detects most of the errors in the program.

2. Flash Magic: Flash Magic is a PC tool for programming flash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial or Ethernet protocol while in the target hardware.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

SOURCE CODE
#include<reg51.h> delay(unsigned long t); sbit output=P1^0; sbit std=P1^2; void main() { while(1) { while(std==1 && P2==0xF1) { output=1; delay(1000); output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF2) { output=1; delay(2000); output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF3) { output=1; delay(3000) output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF4) { ;

output=1;

delay(4000); output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF5) { output=1; delay(5000); output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF6) { output=1; delay(6000); output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF7) {

output=1; delay(7000); output=0; } while(std==1 && P2==0xF8) { output=1; delay(8000); output=0; } if (P2==0xF9) { output=1;

} if (P2==0xFA) { output=0; }

if(P2==0xF0) { output=0; } } } delay(unsigned long t) { int i; for(i=0;i<t;i++) { TMOD=0x01; TH0=0x28; TL0=0x28; TR0=1; while(TF0==0); TR0=0; TF0=0; while(std==1 && P2==0xFA) { output=0; return; } } }

APPLICATION
The main advantage of this module is the farmer can remotely switch on or off motor by using his mobile phone.he can be anywhere in the world. Saves time. No more spending long hours watering with a hose. You won't have to worry about remembering to move the hose every 20 minutes either. Your new systems will do all the remembering for you. Saves water. An automatic irrigation system can save you literally thousands of gallons of water a year simply by remembering to turn itself off at the right time. Protects your financial investment. Your home's appearance is an important factor in determining its market value. An attractively landscaped exterior, with lush growth and healthy plants, helps your house project that fresh, well-maintained look.

RESULT
The project on Automatic Irrigation System Using mobile Communication has been completed during my training period under the supervision of Mr. Dinesh Soni at BKBIET, Pilani.

CONCLUSION
The purpose of this internship was fulfilled and I gained knowledge in the field of embedded systems and microcontrollers. Knowing about the microcontroller has always been the matter of excitement for all of us. And the summer training was the one of the good opportunity to fulfil this. The training was as fruitful as expected. There we got the exposure about the 8051 microcontroller and its various basic electronic components used in developing an embedded system. We worked on KEIL tool software which is used to develop program for embedded system. The work experience is quite nice.The trainer assigned was quite experienced.

REFERENCES
FOR INFORMATION: y y y y HTTP://WWW.GOOGLE.COM HTTP://WWW.8051PROJECTS.COM HTTP://WWW.SCRIBD.COM HTTP://WWW.DNATECHNOLOGY.COM BOOKS: y The 8051 microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI

JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI