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HUAWEI Confidential
Revision History
Date 2008-12-31
Version 1.0
Description First draft is completed. The notes on major concepts are added in P10. The notes on the optimization process are added in P9. The concept of pilot pollution is added in P36. Optimization principles for soft handover is added in P41. The notes are added in P20 and P22.
Author Gao Bo
2009-01-12
1.1
Cheng Fangyuan
2009-01-20
1.2
Liu Nanchuan
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As a phase in network optimization, RF optimization is to optimize radio frequency (RF) signals. RF optimization can control the pilot pollution and soft handover ratio in the drive test while optimizing the signal coverage, thus ensuring normal distribution of radio signals before service parameters are optimized.
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will be able to familiarize yourself with the following contents: [ Position of RF optimization in the entire optimization process [ Specific process for RF optimization [ Troubleshooting for RF optimization
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References
Optimization Guideline
l W-Interference Processing
Guideline
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Chapter 1 Network Optimization Process Chapter 2 Overview of RF Optimization Process Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting Chapter 4 RF Optimization Cases
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Optimization end
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As the first phase of the optimization, the single site verification is to test the functions of each new site. The objectives of the single site verification are to ensure correct site installation and parameter configuration.
l RF optimization
Once the installation and verification of all the sites in the planned area are complete, RF (or cluster) optimization starts immediately. As one of main phases in network optimization, RF optimization can control the pilot pollution and soft handover ratio in the drive test while optimizing the signal coverage, thus ensuring normal distribution of radio signals before service parameters are optimized. RF optimization covers the optimization of the hardware of the antenna system and the list of neighboring cells. When RF optimization is tested for the first time, all the cells in the area should be traversed as much as possible to rectify hardware faults.
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Chapter 1 Network Optimization Process Chapter 2 Overview of RF Optimization Process Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting Chapter 4 RF Optimization Cases
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RF Optimization Flowchart
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Objectives of RF Optimization
lRF optimization is to solve the problems such as signal coverage, pilot pollution, and soft
handover ratio in the drive test. In practice, however, carriers have different KPI requirements, index definitions, and considerations. Therefore, the objectives of RF optimization should be to meet the requirements of coverage and handover KPIs in contracts (commercial office) or planning reports (pilot office) and the indexes should be defined according to the requirements of contracts.
Acceptance Item Reference Value Remarks Perform test on the acceptance route that should not cover any area without coverage. The downlink CPICH Ec/Io of the planned full-coverage service is greater than or equal to -12 dB and the downlink CPICH RSCP is greater than or equal to -95 dBm. Test result from the Scanner, with no service carried outdoors Test result from the Scanner, with no service carried outdoors The soft handover ratio in the RF optimization phase should be 5% to 10% lower than the target value. This is because the later optimization will cause a rise of soft handover ratio.
Coverage ratio
95%
95% 95%
30%-40%
5%
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Considering the characteristics of the UMTS system, for example, the coverage and capacity affect each other and the frequency reuse factor is 1, RF optimization should be implemented on the basis of a group of or a cluster of sites instead of a single site. In this way, the interference from an intra-frequency neighboring cell is also considered in RF optimization. Before adjusting a site, you must analyze the effect of the adjustment on neighboring sites in detail.
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[ Before the drive test, you should determine the test route with the customer. The test route should cover the route predefined by the customer. If the route predefined by the customer cannot be covered, you should notify the customer of the information in time. [ The KPI test route is a core one in the test route of RF optimization, and its optimization is a core task in RF optimization. In addition, the test route should also cover main streets, important places, and VIP/VIC.
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project
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No. 1 2
Equipment
Content
Remarks
Frequency scanner DTI Scanner Test terminal and data cable Portable PC Vehicle-mounted inverter U626, Qualcomm, and so on PM1.3G/512M/20G/USB/COM /PRN DC converted to AC, more than 300 W At least two test terminals
3 4
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Remarks
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Chapter 1 Network Optimization Process Chapter 2 Overview of RF Optimization Process Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting Chapter 4 RF Optimization Cases
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Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting
3.1 Coverage Analysis 3.2 Pilot Pollution Analysis 3.3 Handover Analysis
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Coverage Analysis
l As a major content in RF optimization, coverage analysis
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Poor Coverage
lConcept: The RSCP of pilot signals in the coverage area is smaller than -95
dBm.
lEnvironment: valley, mountainside back, elevator shaft, tunnel, underground
call drops; the UE cannot camp on a cell and even drops from the network due to failure to initiate location update and location registration requests. Countermeasures:
lIncrease the pilot power, adjust the azimuth and tilt of the antenna, raise the
antenna, and replace the antenna with an antenna with a higher gain to optimize the coverage.
lAdd new BTSs or increase the coverage of neighboring BTSs to extend the
overlapped coverage between two BTSs and ensure an appropriate soft handover area. (Note that co-channel interference and adjacent-channel interference may be caused after the coverage is increased.)
lAdd new BTSs or RRUs to extend the coverage. lUse the solutions such as the RRU, indoor distribution system, leaky cable,
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Cross Coverage
lConcept: The area covered by a BTS exceeds the planned scope
and discontinuous dominant areas are formed in the areas covered by other BTSs.
lEnvironment: hills and areas along roads and harbors lConsequence: handover failure and island effect
Countermeasures:
lDo not have the antenna face the road or use surrounding
buildings or other obstacles to decrease the cross coverage. (Note that co-channel interference with other BTSs may be caused.)
lFor a BTS that is located at a high place, replace the site
address, adjust the pilot power, or use an RET antenna to decrease the coverage and eliminate the island effect.
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is poor (the requirements of the uplink BLER cannot be met even if the transmit power of the UE reaches a maximum value), or the downlink coverage is poor (the requirements of the downlink BLER cannot be met even if the code transmit power of the downlink DCH reaches a maximum value).
lConsequence: The call is easy to drop due to poor uplink coverage.
Countermeasures:
lFor the uplink and downlink unbalance caused by uplink
interference, monitor the RTWP alarm of the BTS to check whether the interference exists. For details, see the WInterference Processing Guideline.
lFor poor uplink coverage, add a TMA. lFor poor downlink coverage, adjust power settings if the
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Countermeasures:
lFor the area without dominant cell, adjust the tilt and
azimuth of the antenna to increase the coverage of a cell with good signals (or a near cell) and decrease the coverage of other cells with poor signals (or far cells).
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Questions
smooth optimization?
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Good: CPICH_RSCP -85 dBm Fair: -95 dBm CPICH_RSCP < -85 dBm Poor: CPICH_RSCP < -95 dBm
Analysis methods: 1. Analysis of pilot coverage intensity 2. Analysis of a dominant cell 3. Analysis of the coverage comparison between the UE and Scanner
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RSCP for 1st Best ServiceCell HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 26
The analysis of a dominant cell is to analyze the cell scrambling code information obtained in the drive test.
1. Cell with poor coverage 2. Cell with cross coverage 3. Area without dominant cell
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SC for the 1st Best ServiceCell HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 28
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Good: UE_Tx_Power 0 dBm Fair: 0 dBm < UE_Tx_Power 10 dBm Poor: UE_Tx_Power > 10 dBm
Analysis methods: 1. Analysis of uplink interference 2. Distribution of uplink transmit powers of the UE
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Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting
3.1 Coverage Analysis 3.2 Pilot Pollution Analysis 3.3 Handover Analysis
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If ThRSCP_Absolute = -100 dBm, ThN = 3, and ThRSCP_Relative = 5 dB, the decision standard of the pilot pollution is as follows:
l 1. The number of pilots with CPICH_RSCP greater than -100 dBm is greater
than three.
l 2. The difference between the strongest pilot and weakest pilot is smaller than 5
dB.
l When conditions 1 and 2 are both reached, the pilot pollution occurs.
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[ The layout of cells is improper. [ The position of the BTS or the height of the antenna is too high. [ The azimuth of the antenna is set improperly. [ The tilt of the antenna is set improperly. [ The pilot power is set improperly. [ The coverage area is affected by the environment.
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When the pilot pollution occurs, the following problems may be caused: 1. Ec/Io decrease 2. Handover call drop 3. Capacity decrease
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1. Adjust the antenna 2. Adjust the pilot power 3. Use the RRU or micro cell
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Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting
3.1 Coverage Analysis 3.2 Pilot Pollution Analysis 3.3 Handover Analysis
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Handover Analysis
In the RF optimization phase, the related handover problems can be solved through optimizing neighboring cells and controlling the soft handover ratio. You can control the size and location of a handover area through adjusting RF parameters to decrease the call drop due to sharp changes of signals and improve the handover success ratio. For analysis of other handover problems, see the W-Handover and Call Drop Optimization Guideline.
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Neighborhood Optimization
The optimization of neighboring cells covers two cases: adding a neighboring cell and deleting a neighboring cell.
l Missed configuration of a neighboring cell: When a cell with strong signals does
not join the active set, the interference rises and even the call drops.
l Redundant neighboring cell: When there are too many messages of neighboring
cells, signaling overheads are increased greatly and a required neighboring cell cannot be added when neighboring cells are fully configured. In the RF optimization phase, the missed configuration of a neighboring cell is a major consideration. The specific analysis methods are follows: 1. Analysis based on the DT result 2. Analysis based on Scanner data 3. Analysis based on UE data
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Chapter 1 Network Optimization Process Chapter 2 Overview of RF Optimization Process Chapter 3 RF Troubleshooting Chapter 4 RF Optimization Cases
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Symptom: Coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Refinery (before optimization) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 44
Building unchanged and adjust the antenna azimuth in cell B of Xiajiao Sugar Refinery from 170 to 165 and the tilt from 10 to 8.
Coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Refinery (after optimization) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 46
Cross coverage before optimization HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 47
lAdjustment measures: Increase the tilt to 4. After the adjustment, the cross
coverage is improved greatly. The cross coverage, however, still occurs in some areas on the road.
Cross coverage in some areas after optimization HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 49
Limited coverage caused when the antenna is installed without considering platform blocking HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 50
minimum changes: Connect the 3G Tx/Rx feeder and 2G Tx/Rx feeder to two ends of the wideband polarized antenna close to the road, and then connect the 3G Rx feeder and 2G Rx feeder to two ends of the wideband polarized antenna far from the road, as shown in the following figure.
Pilot pollution near the Yuxing Road: cell 270 is designed to cover the area. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 54
Data Analysis Before Optimization: 2. Analyze the distribution of cell signals near the pilot pollution point
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Data Analysis Before Optimization: 2. Analyze the distribution of cell signals near the pilot pollution point
Data Analysis Before Optimization: 3. Analyze the distribution of RSSIs near the pilot pollution point
RSCPs for the best serving cell near the Yuxing Road
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Data Analysis Before Optimization: 4. Analyze the distribution of RSCPs in related cells
RSCPs in cell 270 near the Yuxing Road HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 58
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RSCPs for the best serving cell near the Yuxing Road after optimization
RSCPs for cell 270 near the Yuxing Road after optimization
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lAccording to the measurement result of the active set on the UE, the Ec/Io quality near the
place where the call drops is very poor, and the signal strength of the serving cell is very poor (continuously lower than -15 dB) before the call drop, and the current serving cell corresponds to scrambling code 209, as shown in the following figure.
Ec/Io information in the active set measured on the UE before the call drop
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good at the place where the signal measured on the UE is very poor before the call drop, and the signal belongs to the cell corresponding to scrambling code 128, as shown in the following figure.
Ec/Io information in the active set measured on the Scanner before the call drop HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 63
As shown in the figures in P62 and P63, the neighboring cell corresponding to scrambling code 128 may not be configured. To confirm the inference, view the message process near the place where the call drops. Find the latest intra-frequency measurement control message, and then check whether scrambling code 128 is contained in the list of intra-frequency neighboring cells. According to the result, scrambling code 128 is not contained in the list of intra-frequency neighboring cells. Therefore, the call drop is caused by missed neighboring cell configuration.
If only the UE data is available in the test, you can determine whether a required neighboring cell is not configured in the following way: [ Determine the scrambling codes of all the cells in the active set and monitored set measured on the UE before the call drop. [ Determine the scrambling code of the cell on which the UE camps after the call drop, and then compare the scrambling code with the scrambling codes in the active set and monitored set before the call drop. If the scrambling code is not in the list of scrambling codes in the active set and monitored set, the call drop may be caused by missed neighboring cell configuration. [ Check the list of neighboring cells for confirmation.
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Summary
l RF optimization focuses on improving the distribution of network
signals to provide a good radio environment for subsequent optimization of service parameters.
l The DT is a main test method in RF optimization and other test
analyzed in RF optimization, and the analysis of other problems serve as a supplement. Based on the analysis of the three problems, you can solve related handover, call drop, access, and interference problems.
l The engineering parameters are mainly adjusted in RF optimization,
and the cell parameters are adjusted in the parameter optimization phase (except the adjustment of the list of neighboring cells).
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Thank You
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