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MODUL

COMPETENCE STANDARD : WRITING COMUNICATING WRITTENLY USING APPROPRIATE FEATURE ACCURATELY, FLUENTLY , AND ACCEPTABLY. LANGUAGE

BASE COMPETENCE : EXPRESSING MEANING INTO VERY SHORT AND SIMPLE PARAGRAPH, ESSAY, AND REPORT TEXT USING WRITTEN LANGUAGE ACCURATELY,FLUENTLY, AND ACCEPTABLY . TEACHING OBJECTIVES : THE END OF TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS, THE STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO WRITE SHORT AND SIMPLE PARAGRAPHS LEARNING MATERIALS : PARAGRAPH (Sentences)

What is a sentence?
Before we start writing our paragraph, first of all we must know what sentence is. Sentence is a group of words that has (tells) a complete though. A sentence tells WHO or WHAT is doing something and what happens. Good students Our director Drive a yellow car Play badminton These are not sentences. These are groups of words do not tell WHO and WHAT are doing something. We are good students. Mr. Akhmad Yani is our director. Mr. Akhmad Yani drives a yellow car. I play badminton twice a week. These are sentences. They tell WHO and WHAT are doing something.

Kinds of sentence?
There are two kinds of sentence. They are NOMINAL/NON-VERBAL sentence and VERBAL sentence. Nominal/non-verbal sentence is a sentence that has no FULL VERB. Verbal sentence is a sentence that has FULL VERB. Examples of NOMINAL/NON-VERBAL sentence: 1. I am a student. 2. Mr. Akhmad Yani is our director. 3. We are good students. 4. Izmi was sick yesterday. 5. They were at my home yesterday evening. Examples of VERBAL sentence: 1. I play badminton twice a week. 2. Mr. Akhmad Yani drives a yellow car. 3. We are studying English right now. 4. Izmi went to her grandmothers house yesterday. 5. They had their breakfast this morning.

What is a paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea.

A paragraph has three main parts :


1. Topic sentence/Main sentence. Tells the main idea 2. Detail sentences/Supporting sentences. Tells about main idea 3. Closing sentence/Concluding sentence. Ends the paragraph 1. Examples of paragraph:
A.1

A special kind of bird The penguin is a very special bird. Penguins are birds, but they cannot fly. They can dive, swim, and leap out of the water. The tiny black and white feathers on a penguin keep it warm. Penguins build a nest of stone instead of twigs. When an egg is laid, the father penguin keeps it warm. Penguins are not like other birds.

A special kind of bird. (Title) The penguin is a very special bird. (Main sentence) Penguins are birds, but they cannot fly. They can dive, swim, and leap out of the water. The tiny black and white feathers on a penguin keep it warm. Penguins build a nest of stone instead of twigs. When an egg is laid, the father penguin keeps it warm. (Supporting sentences) Penguins are not like other birds. (Concluding sentence)

A.2 B.2

My classroom I love my classroom very much. It is clean and comfortable. My classroom is big. There are twenty desks and forty chairs in my classroom. The teacher sits behind the table. The blackboard is on the wall. There is also a map on the wall. The students clean the classroom everyday. The students always keep the classroom clean.

My classroom. (Title) I love my classroom very much. (Main sentence) It is clean and comfortable. My classroom is big. There are twenty desks, forty chairs and one table in my classroom. The teacher sits behind the table. The blackboard is on the wall. There is also a map on the wall. The students clean the classroom everyday. (Supporting sentences) The students always keep the classroom clean. (Concluding sentence) A.3 My identity My name is Suyadi Sastro Nagoro. I am 21 years old. I am little and slim, but I am very handsome. I am 1.60 meters tall, and my weight is 55 kg. My hair is black and curly. I have nice brown eyes. I am Indonesian. I am from east java. Now I am a teacher of Tarakan International Class. I am very happy to be a teacher.

My identity. (Title) My name is Suyadi Sastro Nagoro. (Main sentence) I am 21 years old. I am little and slim, but I am very handsome. I am 1.60 meters tall, and my weight is 55 kg. My hair is black and curly. I have nice brown eyes. I am Indonesian. I am from east java. Now, I am a teacher of Tarakan International Class. (Supporting sentences) I am very happy to be a teacher. (Concluding sentence) 2. Plan your paragraph: Before writing a paragraph we must make idea web or outline and decide what topic we are going to develop in our paragraph. We just need one topic to be developed in one paragraph. The topic then will be stated in one complete sentence, known as main sentence (see the example above). If we have had a certain topic to be developed then we need some sentences to support our topic, and known as supporting sentences (see the example above). To finish your paragraph you have to conclude what you have discussed in your supporting sentences, its called concluding sentence (see the example above). Do not forget to decide the appropriate title. Make an idea web or an out line before you start to write. It will help you in writing process. IDEA WEB CANNOT FLY
CAN SWIM, DIVE AND LEAP OUT OF WATER

HAVE BLACK AND WHITE FEATHERS

PENGUIN S

BUILD A NEST OF STONE LAY EGGS

FATHER WARMS EGGS

OUTLINE TOPIC: PENGUINS MAIN SENTENCE: (TELLS THE MAIN IDEA) SUPPORTING SENTENCES: 1. CAN SWIM,DIVE, AND LEAP OUT OF WATER 2. BUILD A NEST OF STONE 3. LAY EGGS 4. FATHER WARMS EGGS 5. HAVE BLACK AND WHITE FEATHERS 6. CANNOT FLY CONCLUDING SENTENCE: (ENDS THE PARAGRAPH) TITLE: SPECIAL KIND OF BIRD 3. Share your paragraph: After doing your final typing of your paragraph you may share your paragraph with others. There are some ways of sharing your paragraph: 1. Publish your paragraph in school newspaper or wall magazine. 2. Read your paragraph to your classmates and family members. 3. Send your paragraph to your friends in other classes. 4. Stick in your classroom wall 4. Task (Student work sheet): 1 Create a paragraph using the idea web or outline below! IDEA WEB
READ ENGLISH TEXT BOOKS COMMUNICATE WITH FOREIGN PEOPLE

CAN BE AN INTERPRETER

ENG LIS H

WORK FOR FOREIGN COMPANY

VISIT ENGLISH SPOKEN-COUNTRY

OUTLINE TOPIC: ENGLISH MAIN SENTENCE: (TELLS THE MAIN IDEA) SUPPORTING SENTENCES: 1. COMMUNICATE WITH FOREIGN PEOPLE 2. WORK FOR FOREIGN COMPANY 3. VISIT ENGLISH SPOKEN-COUNTRY 4. CAN BE AN INTERPRETER 5. READ ENGLISH TEXT BOOKS CONCLUDING SENTENCE: (ENDS THE PARAGRAPH) TITLE :.( DECIDE YOUR OWN TITLE) .. I can do many things with English.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . .

. 4.2 Create your paragraph about one of your classmates! Follow the writing steps as shown above.

COMPETENCE STANDARD : SPEAKING COMUNICATING ORALLY USING APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE FEATURE ACCURATELY, FLUENTLY , AND ACCEPTABLY. BASE COMPETENCE : EXPRESSING VARIOUS MEANING INTO VERY SIMPLE SPEECH AND STORY TELLING USING WRITTEN LANGUAGE ACCURATELY,FLUENTLY, AND ACCEPTABLY . TEACHING OBJECTIVES : THE END OF TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS, THE STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO CREATE AND PERFORM SIMPLE SPEECH AND STORY TELLING. LEARNING MATERIALS : SPEECH AND STORY TELLING (STEPS OF CREATING THEM)

1. SPEECH (PUBLIC SPEAKING) IN USE MOSTLY FUNCTIONS : 1. INTEREST (menarik perhatian) 2. ENTERTAIN (menghibur) 3. INFORM (memberikan informasi) 4. INQUIRE (mempertanyakan suatu perkara) 5. PERSUADE (membujuk) 6. CONVINCE (menyakinkan) 7. STIMULATE (memberikan rangsangan) 8. DENOUNCE (memberi kritik) 9. IMPRESS (membentuk kesan) 10. WARN (memperingatkan) 11. AROUSE (membangun semangat) 12. INSTRUCT(memberikan instruksi) 13. EXPLORE (menyajikan sebuah penelusuran) 14. MOVE (menggerakan massa) 15. CONFUSE (menyamarkan suatu perkara) Among many functons as stated above, to convince, to instruct, to inform, to actuate/stimulate and to entertain have main function and are going to discuss in this modul.

A. TO CONVINCE The expressions which usually appears in a speech or public speaking to convince the audiences : I am convinced that.......... I am sure that....... It is a certain thing that....... There is no doubt that........ It appears to me that....... I would firmly say that....... I am completely sure that...... I feel very certain that..... The surest thing to consider seriously is that...... We must now consider the possibility that....... Dont pose any doubt, just take this conviction that...... To the best of my knowledge, - it is possible that...... - it is likely that..... - it is probable that..... - these data point to the possibility that..... - a probable explanation of this is that..... - most probable social problem exposed to...... I believe (that)....... - think - suppose - guess - presume - assume - doubt - expect - know - simply cant believe (that)...... B. TO INSTRUCT The expressions which usually appears in a speech or public speaking to instruct the audiences : Shall we pray! Let me order you to.....

I would invite you to..... I would advice you to.... I would recommend that you should..... It will be better if you...... You should have known better that..... I want you to...... I would like you to..... Think what you could do with money you spend on cigarettes (I ask you to give up smoking) Allow me to request you to.... Could/would you make up your mind? I wonder if you would let me remind you..... I would ask you to pay close attention to..... I warn you that....... Do help(seruan utk menolong). Do help the world children fund! Do help the world children fund! All we have to do is that..... There is no other way but we have to..... You should have keep discipline You shouldnt be so tough. You should have managed your time better You shouldnt have forgotten your rights If the children didnt watch tv so much, they would have more time for their school work. You can do anything you want, but you mustnt spoil democracy We are obliged to...... Its a good idea to...... Its best to...... You dont need to push somebody to accept your ideas Why dont we revisit our values? We should review our patern of development, otherwise we will keep left behind We should arrive at concensus, in case the conflict gets worse We should arrive at concensus, so that the conflict gets finished You had better give them knowledge of making bread than bread itself Do you think you could just ask people to stop smoking? Would it be all right if we just do nothing?

It is advisable that......./ It might be advisable to...... It would seem wise to....../It might be wise to....... C. TO INFORM The expressions which usually appears in a speech or public speaking to inform the audiences : I would like to say (that)..... Tell you Inform Report Communicate Let it be known Put about Notify Declare Proclaim Announce Divulge Give out Explain Give a description Analyze (that) According to the researchers,........ In accordance with the state ideology,....... In the line with the newest treaty,....... Getting along with the agreement,....... Referring to the rule of the game,....... Further study show us that,....... Our data confirm that,....... The result of the recent research suggested that,....... It has been reported in the previous study that,...... It is widely known that........ Recognized Acknowledged Generally speaking, Japanese people are extremely diligent In the majority of the cases,....... By and large,........ On the whole,......

D. TO ACTUATE/STIMULATE The expressions which usually appears in a speech or public speaking to actuate/stimulate the audiences : I do hope that....... Hopefully (I/we hope)...... I am hopeful that...... Optimistic about...... An optimist that....... I live in a hope that...... In the hope of arriving at a better life,...... There are grounds for hope that...... There is a reason to believe that..... There is still hope. Look how Rico succeeded in giving up smoking I wish you good luck I hope you succeed Let this illustration encourage It is what I hope that you can learn something from his experience There is no need to despair of being old, its only a matter of time

E. TO ENTERTAIN As a public speaker,we must also have an ability to entertain the audiences. To entertain means to make the audiences feel happy, relax and comfortable while they are listening to our speech. We can quote jokes, proverbs, wise words or anecdotes in order to entertain the audiences (make an atmosphere become comfortable). The following is the example of a speech :
Dear my Brothers and Sisters, Ladies and Gentlemen,

In this very happy occasion, first of all, allow me to express my very sincere gratitude to Mr. M. Yani for giving me an opportunity to speak before you all about What do we mean with love?

Love is the fundament of our everyday life. Our activities are coloured with love and love is the blood of our relation with Gods creatures. It is not easy to define what love is all about because love concerns many aspects and surely we can never describe what we exactly mean with love. In our daily life we can divide love into several catagories. We can differ the love we have for our parents, our brothers and sisters, our best friends, our lover and of course our love to creator. When a man and a woman make up their minds to go through this life together, we know that they are in love. When a brother brings home a sweet doll for his younger sister, we call that love even when a mother is getting angry to her child, she does it because she loves him/her. Love is one of the mystery in our life. In love we find not only passion, truth and belief, but also hate and hurt as well. Although love is undescribable it is something that we can touch with our feelings and our hearts. Sometimes we say that we love someone but actually what we feel is only admiration, and we just cannot differ love from admiration. It is said that when we feel we want to get close to someone all the time and we are willing to do everything for the person without anything in return, we love that person. However, I personally believe that love is more than that. Even if the above definition is close enough to the love we have for our lover, it is greater than any or its definition in this world. In the end of this speech I would like to emphasize that, once again, love is one of the greatest mystery in our life. The most important thing is not the definition but how we would like to thank the one for he gives us. Each of us knows what love is through experience, and if you were pain because of love you were never in love. Thank you very much.

2. TECHNIQUE OF ORGANIZING A SPEECH (PUBLIC SPEAKING). A. Addresses 1. To King and Queen His most Gracious Majesty, King Fahd of Saudi Her most Gracious Majesty, Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom His Royal Highness, the Duke of York/Prince of Wales Her Royal Highness, the Duchess of York/Princess of Wales 2. To President, Minister and High Official

The honourable Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the President of Republic of Indonesia Your Excellency, General Abdullah,the Commander in Chief, Army of RI
3. To Ambassador

2. HOW TO ARRANGE A SPEECH The structure of a speech can be drew as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Addresses and greetings --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opening/introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Body ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Closing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Thanking --------------------------------------

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