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801
EJERCICIOS
RESUELTOS
DE
INTEGRAL
INDEFINIDA
ITALO G.
CARLOS J.
CORTES A
SANCHEZ C.
INDICE
INTRODUCCION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
INSTRUCCIONES............................................................................................................................................ 6
ABREVIATURAS DE USO FRECUENTE................................................................................................... 7
IDENTIFICACIONES USUALES ................................................................................................................. 7
IDENTIDADES ALGEBRAICAS .................................................................................................................. 7
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMETRICAS....................................................................................................... 8
FORMULAS FUNDAMENTALES.................................................................................................................10
CAPITULO 1...................................................................................................................................................12
INTEGRALES ELEMENTALES ................................................................................................................12
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................12
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................20
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................21
CAPITULO 2...................................................................................................................................................29
INTEGRACION POR SUSTITUCION........................................................................................................29
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................29
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................39
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................41
CAPITULO 3...................................................................................................................................................59
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES TRIGONOMETRICAS .......................................................................59
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................59
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................66
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................67
CAPITULO 4...................................................................................................................................................77
INTEGRACION POR PARTES...................................................................................................................77
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................77
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................88
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................89
CAPITULO 5.................................................................................................................................................111
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES CUADRATICAS...............................................................................111
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................111
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ....................................................................................................................116
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................117
CAPITULO 6.................................................................................................................................................126
INTEGRACION POR SUSTITUCION TRIGONOMETRICA .................................................................126
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................126
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS: ...................................................................................................................135
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................137
CAPITULO 7.................................................................................................................................................154
INTEGRACIN DE FUNCIONES RACIONALES..................................................................................154
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................154
EJERCICICOS PROPUESTOS..................................................................................................................162
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................163
CAPITULO 8.................................................................................................................................................188
INTRODUCCION
INSTRUCCIONES
Para un adecuado uso de este problemario, nos permitimos recomendar lo
siguiente:
a) Estudie la teora pertinente en forma previa.
b) Ejercite la tcnica de aprehender con los casos resueltos.
c) Trate de resolver sin ayuda, los ejercicios propuestos.
d) En caso de discrepancia consulte la solucin respectiva.
e) En caso de mantener la discrepancia, recurre a la consulta de algn
profesor.
f) Al final, hay una cantidad grande de ejercicios sin especificar tcnica
alguna. Proceda en forma en forma anloga.
g) El no poder hacer un ejercicio, no es razn para frustrarse. Adelante
y xito.
og :
sen :
arcs e n :
cos :
arc cos :
arc co s :
g :
arc tg :
co g
arc co tg
sec :
arc sec :
cos ec :
arc sec :
exp :
dx :
x:
Tangente.
Arco tangente.
Cotangente.
Arco cotangente.
Secante.
Arco secante.
Cosecante.
Arco cosecante.
Exponencial.
Diferencial de x.
Valor absoluto de x.
m.c.m:
s e n n x = (s e n x) n
n x = ( x) n
s e n 1 x = arcs e n x
og n x = ( ogx) n
ogx = og x
IDENTIDADES ALGEBRAICAS
1.
Sean a, b: bases; m, n nmeros naturales.
a m a n = a m+ n
(a m ) n = a mn
(ab) n = a nb n
am
mn
a
a
=
,
0
an
n
m
an
a
a n = n am =
,
0
=
b
bn
b
an =
1
an
( a)
n
a 0 = 1, a 0
2.
Sean a, b ,c: bases; m, n nmeros naturales
2
3
( a b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
( a b ) = a3 3a 2b + 3ab2 + b3
(a b)
= a 4 4a 3b + 6a 2b 2 4ab3 + b 4
a 2 n b 2 n = (a n + b n )(a n b n )
(a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + ac + bc)
a 2 b 2 = (a + b)(a b)
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 ab b 2 )
e = 1
ex = x
exp( x) = x
exp x = x = x
e x = x
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMETRICAS
1.
sen =
1
cos ec
cos =
s e n
cos
2
s e n + cos 2 = 1
1
s ec
1
co g
2
1 + g = sec 2
g =
g =
1+ co g 2 = cos ec 2
cos cos ec = co g
cos g = s e n
2.
(a)
s e n( + ) = s e n cos + cos s e n
sen
1 cos
2
s e n 2 = 2s e n cos
1 cos 2
s e n2 =
2
s e n( ) = s e n cos cos s e n
(b)
1 + cos
2
2
cos( ) = cos cos + s e n s e n
cos
1 + cos 2
2
2
cos 2 = cos s e n 2 = 1 2s e n 2 = 2 cos 2 1
cos 2 =
(c)
g + g
1 g g
1 cos 2
g 2 =
1 + cos 2
g ( + ) =
2 g
1 g 2
g g
g ( ) =
1 + g g
g 2 =
1 cos
s e n
1 cos
=
=
1 + cos 1 + cos
s e n
(d)
1
[s e n( + ) + s e n( )]
2
1
cos cos = [ cos( + ) + cos( ) ]
2
+
s e n + s e n = 2s e n
cos
2
2
+
cos + cos = 2 cos
cos
2
2
1
[s e n( + ) s e n( )]
2
1
s e n s e n = [ cos( + ) cos( ) ]
2
+
s e n s e n = 2 cos
sen
2
2
+
cos cos = 2s e n
sen
2
2
(e)
arcs e n(s e n x) = x
arc g ( gx) = x
arc sec(sec x) = x
arc cos(cos x) = x
arc co g (co gx) = x
arc co sec(co sec x) = x
s e n cos =
cos s e n =
FORMULAS FUNDAMENTALES
Diferenciales
Integrales
du
dx
u
2.- d (au ) = adu
1.- du = u + c
3.- d (u + v) = du + dv
1.- du =
2.- adu = a du
4.- d (u n ) = nu n 1du
4.- u n du =
du
u
u
u
6.- d (e ) = e du
du
= u +c
u
6.- eu du = eu + c
5.-
5.- d ( u ) =
7.- d (a u ) = a u adu
7.- a u du =
du
1 u
du
au
+c
a
14.- d (arcs e n u ) =
u n +1
+ c (n 1)
n +1
1 u2
du
16.- d (arc gu ) =
1+ u2
du
17.- d (arc co gu ) =
1+ u2
du
18.- d (arc sec u ) =
u u2 1
du
19.- d (arc co sec u ) =
u u2 1
du
1 u2
du
= arcs e n u + c
= arc cos u + c
1 u2
du
16.-
= arc gu + c
1+ u2
du
17.-
= arc co gu + c
1+ u2
arc sec u + c; u > 0
du
18.-
=
u u 2 1 arc sec u + c; u < 0
arc co sec u + c; u > 0
du
19.-
=
u u 2 1 arc co sec u + c; u < 0
10
arcs e n + c
du
a
11.-
=
2
2
a u
arcs e n u + c
a
u
1
arc g + c
du
a
a
13.- 2
=
2
u +a
1 arc co g u + c
a
a
15.-
du
u a u
2
17.- u 2 a 2 du =
1
u
+c
a
a + a2 u2
2.- co gudu = s e n u + c
8.- co ghudu = s e n u + c
12.-
14.-
du
u a
2
= u + u2 a2 + c
du
1
ua
=
+c
2
u a
2a
u+a
2
u
1
arc cos + c
du
a
a
16.-
=
2
2
u u a
1 arc sec u + c
a
a
u 2
a2
u + u2 a2 + c
u a2
2
2
u 2
a2
u
2
a u + arcs e n + c
18.- a u du =
2
2
a
au
e (a s e n bu b cos bu )
19.- e au s e n budu =
+c
a 2 + b2
e au (a cos bu + b s e n bu )
au
20.- e cos budu =
+c
a 2 + b2
2
11
CAPITULO 1
INTEGRALES ELEMENTALES
El Propsito de este capitulo, antes de conocer y practicar las tcnicas
propiamente tales; es familiarizarse con aquellas integrales para las cuales basta
una transformacin algebraica elemental.
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
1.1 .- Encontrar: e x xdx
2
x4
Por lo tanto: e xdx = x xdx = x dx = + c
4
4
2
x
Respuesta: e x xdx = + c ,
Frmula utilizada:
4
1.2 .- Encontrar: 3a 7 x 6 dx
x2
x n +1
x dx = n + 1 , n 1
n
Solucin.x7
+c
7
x7
Respuesta: 3a 7 x 6 dx = 3a 7
+c,
7
1.3.- Encontrar: (3 x 2 + 2 x + 1)dx
7 6
7
6
7
3a x dx = 3a x dx = 3a
Solucin.2
2
2
(3x + 2 x + 1)dx = (3x + 2 x + 1)dx = 3x dx + 2 xdx + dx
= 3 x 2 dx + 2 xdx + dx = 3
x3
x2
+2
+ x + c = x3 + x 2 + x + c
3
2
Respuesta: (3 x 2 + 2 x + 1)dx = x3 + x 2 + x + c
Solucin.2
3
2
x(x + a)( x + b)dx = x x + (a + b) x + ab dx = x + ( a + b ) x + abx dx
= x 3dx + (a + b) x 2 dx + abxdx =
=
x dx + (a + b) x dx + ab xdx
3
x4
x3
x2
+ (a + b) + ab + c
4
3
2
12
x 4 (a + b) x3 abx 2
+
+
+c
4
3
2
Solucin.3 2
2
3
2 6
2
3
2 6
(a + bx ) dx = (a + 2abx + b x )dx = a dx + 2abx dx + b x dx
x4
x7
+ b2 + c
4
7
4
2 7
abx b x
+
+c
Respuesta: (a + bx3 ) 2 dx = a 2 x +
2
7
1.6.- Encontrar: 2 pxdx
= a 2 dx + 2ab x3dx + b 2 x 6 dx = a 2 x + 2ab
Solucin.2
1
2
2 2 px 3
x2
2
2
2
2
pxdx
=
px
dx
=
p
x
dx
=
p
+
c
=
+c
2
3
3
2 2 px x
Respuesta: 2 pxdx =
+c
3
dx
1.7.-Encontrar: n
x
Solucin.-
dx
= x
x
dx =
1
+1
n
1+ n
n
1+ n
n
x
x
nx
+c =
+c =
+c
1
1 + n
1
n
+1
n
n
1+ n
dx nx n
Respuesta: n =
+c
n 1
x
1 n
n
dx
Solucin.-
(nx)
= =n
1 n
n
1 n
n
dx = n
1
xn
1 n
n
1 n
n
1+1
1
1+1
n
+c = n
Respuesta: (nx)
1 n
n
dx = n
1 n
n
1 n
n
1 n
n
xn
+c = n
1
n
dx = n
1 n
n
1 n
n
x n dx
1
n
nx + c = n
1 n
+1
n
1
n
x +c = n
1 n + n
n
xn + c = n nx n + c
1
dx = n nx + c
1.9.- Encontrar: (a 3 x 3 )3 dx
2
Solucin.-
(a
( )
x 3 )3 dx = a
( )
3 a
x 3 + 3a
2
( x ) ( x ) dx
2
13
= (a 2 3a 3 x
4
+ 3a 3 x
x 2 )dx = a 2 dx 3a 3 x 3 dx + 3a 3 x 3 dx x 2 dx
4
2
x3
x 3 x3
= a dx 3a x dx + 3a x dx x dx = a x 3a
+ 3a 3
+c
5
7
3
3
3
5
7
4
2
9a 3 x 3 9a 3 x 3 x 3
= a2 x
+
+c
5
7
3
5
7
4
2
2
2
9 a 3 x 3 9a 3 x 3 x 3
2
3
3 3
Respuesta: (a x ) dx = a x
+
+c
5
7
3
1.10.- Encontrar: ( x + 1)( x x + 1)dx
4
Solucin.-
x + 1)( x x + 1)dx = ( x x ( x ) 2 +
x + x
x + 1)dx
5
x2
2x 2
= ( x x + 1)dx = ( xx + 1)dx = ( x + 1)dx = x dx + dx =
+ x+c =
+ x+c
5
5
2
5
2
2x
Respuesta: ( x + 1)( x x + 1)dx =
+ x+c
5
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 2)dx
1.11.- Encontrar:
3 2
x
Solucin.( x 2 + 1)( x 2 2)dx
( x 4 x 2 2)dx
x4
x2
2
=
=
dx
2
2
2 dx
2 dx
3 2
x3
x3
x3
x3
x
1
10
= x dx x dx 2 x dx =
10
13
x3
+1
10
+1
3
x3
+1
4
+1
3
x3
+1
2
+1
3
13
13
3
7
3
x
1
+c
3 13
3 7
x 3
x3
x
x
x4 3 x
x2 3 x
1
3
6x 3 + c = 3
3
63 x + c = 3
3
63 x + c
13
7
13
7
13
7
2
2
4
2
( x + 1)( x 2)dx 3 x 3 x
Respuesta:
=
6 3 x + c
3 2
7
x
13
m
n 2
(x x )
1.12.- Encontrar:
dx
x
Solucin.( x m x n )2
( x2m 2 xm xn + x2n )
( x2m 2 xm xn + x2n )
dx =
dx =
dx
x1/ 2
x
x
=3
= ( x 2 m 1/ 2 2 x m+ n 1/ 2 + x 2 n 1/ 2 )dx =
4 m +1
2 m + 2 n +1
4 n +1
x 2 m 1/ 2+1
2 x m+ n +1/ 2
x 2 n +1/ 2
+
+c
2m 1/ 2 + 1 m + n + 1/ 2 2n + 1/ 2
4 m +1
2 m + 2 n +1
4 n +1
x 2
2x 2
x 2
2x 2
4x 2
2x 2
=
+
+c =
+
+c
4m + 1 2m + 2n + 1 4n + 1
4m + 1 2m + 2n + 1 4 n + 1
2
2
2
14
2 x2m x
4 x m+n x
2 x2n x
+
+c
4m + 1 2m + 2 n + 1 4n + 1
2 x2m
( x m x n )2
4 x m+n
2 x2n
Respuesta:
dx = x
+
+c
x
4m + 1 2m + 2 n + 1 4n + 1
( a x )4
dx
ax
1.13.- Encontrar:
Solucin.( a x )4
a 2 4a ax + 6 xa 4 x ax + x 2
dx
=
dx
ax
ax
=
4a ax
4 x ax
x2
a2
6ax
dx
+
dx
dx
+
dx
1
ax
(ax) 12 ax
(ax) 12 dx
(ax) 2
=a
=a
=a
x 2 dx 4a dx + 6a
1
1 +1
2
1
+1
2
1
2
4ax + 6a
4ax + 6a
3
3
2
x dx 4 xdx + a
2 +1
1
+1
2
4
x2
2
x1+1
1+1
+a
+a
12
12
5
5
2
3 +1
2
3
+1
2
dx
+c
+c
= 2a x 4ax + 4a x 2 x + 2a
3
12
x 2
+c
5
( a x )4
3
3
2 x3
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
Respuesta:
dx = 2a x 4ax + 4a x 2 x +
+c
ax
5 xa
dx
1.14.- Encontrar: 2
x 10
Solucin.dx
dx
1
xa
Sea: a = 10 , Luego: 2
= 2
=
+c
2
x 10
x a
2a
x+a
1
x 10
10
x 10
+c =
+c
20
2 10
x + 10
x + 10
Respuesta:
dx
10
x 10
=
+c
x 10 20
x + 10
2
1.15.- Encontrar:
dx
x +7
2
dx
dx
1
x
= 2
= arc g + c
2
x +7
x +a
a
a
2
15
x
1
7
7x
arc g
arc g
+c =
+c
7
a
7
7
dx
7
7x
arc g
=
+c
7
x +7
a
dx
1.16.- Encontrar:
4 + x2
Solucin.dx
dx
Sea: a = 2 , Luego:
=
= x + a2 + x2 + c
2
2
2
4+ x
a +x
Respuesta:
= x + 4 + x2 + c
Respuesta:
dx
4+ x
= x + 4 + x2 + c
dx
1.17.- Encontrar:
8 x2
Solucin.Sea: a = 8 , Luego:
dx
8 x2
x
x
= arcs e n
+ c = arcs e n
+c
8
2 2
Respuesta:
dx
8 x2
1.18.- Encontrar:
= arcs e n
dx
a2 x2
x
+c
a
= arcs e n
2x
+c
4
dy
x +9
2
Solucin.-
1
acta como constante, luego:
x +9
dy
1
1
y
x2 + 9 = x 2 + 9 dy = x2 + 9 y + c = x 2 + 9 + c
dy
y
Respuesta: 2
= 2
+c
x +9 x +9
La expresin:
1.19.- Encontrar:
2 + x2 2 x2
4 x4
dx
Solucin.-
2 + x2 2 x2
4 x4
dx =
2 + x2
(2 x 2 ) (2 + x 2 )
dx
2 + x2
2 x2
dx
dx
4 x4
4 x4
2 x2
(2 x 2 ) (2 + x 2 )
dx =
dx
2 x2
dx
2 + x2
16
Sea: a = 2 , Luego:
= arcs e n
dx
a2 x2
dx
a2 + x2
= arcs e n
x
x + a2 + x2 + c
a
x
x
x + ( 2) 2 + x 2 + c = arcs e n
x + 2 + x2 + c
2
2
Respuesta:
2 + x2 2 x2
4 x
1.20.- Encontrar: g 2 xdx
4
dx = arcs e n
x
x + 2 + x2 + c
2
Solucin.2
2
2
g xdx = (sec x 1)dx = sec xdx dx = gx x + c
Respuesta: g 2 xdx = gx x + c
1.21.- Encontrar: co g 2 xdx
Solucin.2
2
2
co g xdx = (cos ec x 1)dx = cos ec xdx dx = co gx x + c
Respuesta: co g 2 xdx = co gx x + c
1.22.- Encontrar:
dx
2x2 + 4
Solucin.dx
1
dx
1 1
x
2
2x
dx
2 x 2 + 4 = 2( x 2 + 2) = 2 x 2 + 2 = 2 2 arc g 2 + c = 4 arc g 2 + c
dx
2
2x
arc g
=
+c
2
2x + 4
4
2
dx
1.23.- Encontrar: 2
7x 8
Solucin.dx
dx
dx
dx
1
7 x 2 8 = 2 8 = 7 ( x 2 ( 8 )2 = 7 x 2 ( 8 )2
7
7
7( x )
7
x 87
x 87
1 1
1
7
7x 8
=
+c =
+c =
+c
8
8
8
7 2( 7 )
8
14 8
7x + 8
x+ 7
x+ 7
14
7
Respuesta:
4 14
7x 2 2
14
+c =
56
7x + 2 2
Respuesta:
dx
14
=
2
7 x 8 56
1.24.- Encontrar:
7x 2 2
+c
7x + 2 2
7x 2 2
+c
7x + 2 2
x 2 dx
x2 + 3
17
Solucin.x 2 dx
3
dx
dx
x2 + 3 = (1 x2 + 3)dx = dx 3 x 2 + 3 = dx 3 x2 + ( 3)2
= x3
1
x
3x
arc g
+ c = = x 3 arc g
+c
3
3
3
x 2 dx
3x
= x 3 arc g
+c
2
x +3
3
dx
1.25.- Encontrar:
7 + 8x2
Solucin.dx
dx
1
2
7 + 8 x2 = ( 8 x)2 + ( 7)2 = 8 8x + 7 + 8x + c
Respuesta:
Respuesta:
dx
7 + 8x
7 5x
Respuesta:
8x + 7 + 8x2 + c
dx
1.26.- Encontrar:
Solucin.dx
7 5x2
dx
( 7) ( 5 x)
2
dx
=
2
1
5
arcs e n x
+c
5
7
5
35 x
arcs e n
+c
5
7
7 5x
(a x b x ) 2 dx
1.27.- Encontrar:
a xb x
Solucin.2
(a x b x ) 2 dx
( a 2 x 2a x b x + b 2 x )
a2x
2 a xb x
b 2x
=
dx
=
dx
dx
+
a xb x
a xb x a xb x
a x b x dx
a xb x
( a / b) 2x + (b / a ) + c
ax
bx
a
b
= x dx 2dx + x dx = dx 2 dx + dx =
a
b
b
a
b
a
b
a
x
(a / b)
a b
2x +
(b / a )
b a
+c =
(a / b)
a b
2x
(b / a )
a b
+c
ax bx
x x
b
a
=
2x + c
a b
a 2 x b2 x
x x
(a x b x ) 2 dx a b
Respuesta:
=
2x + c
a xb x
a b
18
1.28.- Encontrar: s e n 2
x
dx
2
Solucin.x
dx =
2
x senx
=
+c
2
2
sen
1 cos 2
x
2
dx =
1 cos x
1
1
dx = dx cos xdx
2
2
2
x
x senx
dx =
+c
2
2
2
dx
1.29.- Encontrar:
;(0 < b < a )
( a + b) + ( a b ) x 2
Solucin.dx
dx
Sea: c 2 = a + b, d 2 = a b, ; luego
= 2
2
( a + b) + ( a b) x
c + d 2 x2
dx
1
dx
1 1
x
1
dx
2 c2 2 = d 2 c 2 2 = d 2 c arctg c + c = cd arctg c + c
d
d 2 +x
+x
d
d
d
Respuesta: s e n 2
1
a bx
1
ab
arctg
+c =
arctg
x+c
2
2
a+b
a +b a b
a+b
a b
dx
1
a b
arctg
=
x+c
2
( a + b) + ( a b) x
a+b
a 2 b2
dx
1.30.-Encontrar:
;(0 < b < a )
( a + b) ( a b ) x 2
Solucin.dx
dx
Sea: c 2 = a + b, d 2 = a b, Luego:
= 2
2
( a + b) ( a b) x
c d 2 x2
x c
dx
1
dx
1 1
d + c = 1 dx c + c
=
= 2
= 2
2
2
dx + c
2cd
c
d c
d 2c
x+ c
d
d 2 2 x2
x2
d
d
d
Respuesta:
1
2 a b
2
Respuesta:
a bx a + b
+c
a bx + a + b
dx
1
=
2
( a + b) ( a b ) x
2 a 2 b2
a bx a + b
+c
a bx + a + b
0
1.31.- Encontrar: ( a 2 x ) 1dx
Solucin.-
19
( a )
0
Respuesta: ( a 2 x ) 1dx = c
2x 0
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Mediante el uso del lgebra elemental, o algunas identidades trigonomtricas,
transformar en integrales de fcil solucin, las integrales que se presentan a
continuacin.
1.32.- 3x5 dx
1.35.- cos 2 2x dx
1.38.-
1+
1+
x
2
x
3
dy
dx
1.41.-
x +5
1.44.- (s e n 2 x + cos 2 x 1)dx
1.47.-
1.50.-
1.53.-
1.56.-
dx
x 12
dx
1.33.- (1 + e) x dx
1.36.- (1 + x )3 dx
1.39.-
1.42.-
x 2 + 12
dx
x 12 x 2
dx
2 x2 8
5 x
dx
x +5
2
1.45.- x (1 x )dx
1.48.-
dx
1.51.-
1.54.-
1.57.-
dx
x + 12
dx
2
12 x 2
dx
x 12 + x 2
dx
2 x2 + 8
1.59.- x 2 + 10dx
1.60.- 10 x 2 dx
1.62.- 1 s e n 2 xdx
1.34.- (1 + gx)dx
1.37.- (1 + x )0 dx
1.40.-
1.43.-
dx
x2 5
dx
x 5
2
1.46.- ( g 2 x + 1)dx
1.49.-
1.52.-
1.55.-
dx
x 12
dx
2
x x 2 12
dx
8 2x2
1.58.- x 2 10dx
1 cos 2 x
dx
s e n2 x
1.64.- (2 x 3x )0 dx
1.61.-
1.65.- (20 30 ) n dx
sen x
1.66.- gx
dx
cos x
1.67.-
1.68.-
x 2 dx
1.69.- x 2 34 dx
1.70.- x 2 + 34 dx
dx
1.72.-
1.71.-
3
4
x 3 x
1.74.- s e n 3 x dy
2
1.77.- e x dx
x x 3
1.75.- u dx
1.80.- x 2 11dx
dx
1.78.-
x 2
dx
2x
1.81.- x 2 + 11dx
1.73.-
dx
3 x
dx
x x2 + 3
1.76.- exp( x)dx
1.79.- 11 x 2 dx
1.82.- (e x )dx
20
1 + x + x 3
1.83.-
dx
1 x
1.87.-
x 3x2 1
1.95.- 1 3 x 2 dx
1.96.- 1 + 3 x 2 dx
1.98.- (3 x 2 1)dx
x
3
dx
1 + 3x 2
dx
1.90.- 2
3x + 4
dx
1.93.-
x 1 + 3x 2
dx
1 + 3x 2
dx
1.101.- exp(
1.99.- (3 x 2 1) dx
1.102.- (e
)dx
2 x 1
2
)dx
1.85.-
1.88.-
dx
3x 2 1
dx
1 3x 2
dx
1.91.- 2
3x 1
dx
1.94.-
x 1 3x 2
1.97.- 3 x 2 1dx
n
1.100.- (3 x 2 1) du
1.103.- (e 2 + e + 1) x dx
1+ g 2x
1.104.-
1dx
2
sec x
1.106.- 27 x 2 dx
1.107.- x 2 27 dx
1.108.- x 2 + 27 dx
1.109.-
1.110.-
1.113.-
dx
1.111.-
2x 1 x2
dx
1.114.-
4 x x 2 + 16
1.116.- (1 + x + x) 2 dx
1.119.- e
1 cos x
2
dx
5x x2 + 1
dx
5 x x 2 25
1.117.- (1 x + x) 2 dx
1 + x2
1.120.- exp 2 dx
x
dx
1.122.- (1 + x 3 x )0 dx
1.123.- e
(1+ x )2
2
1.112.-
dx
3x x2 1
dx
3x 9 x2
(1 x ) 2
dx
1.115.-
x2
1.118.- (1 + x) 4 dx
1.121.- e
1 s e n x
3
dx
dx
RESPUESTAS
1.32.- 3 x5 dx = 3 x 5 dx =
3 x 5+1
x6
x6
+c =3 +c = +c
5 +1
6
2
1.33.- (1 + e) x dx
ax
(1 + e) x
+c =
+c
Sea: a = 1 + e, Luego: (1 + e) dx = a dx =
a
(1 + e)
x
1 + cos x
1
1
1
1
dx = dx + cos xdx = x + s e n x + c
2
2
2
2
2
21
x2 2 52
x2 2
+ x + c = x + 2 x x + 3 + x2 x + c
2 5
2 5
0
1.37.- (1 + x ) dx = dx = x + c
= x + 2x 2 + 3
3
1.38.-
1.39.-
1+
1+
x
2
x
3
dy =
1+
1+
x
2
x
3
dy =
1.41.-
1.42.-
y+c
5 x2
dx
x 5
2
dx
x +5
2
=
=
dx
5 x2
dx
x ( 5)
dx
2
dx
( 5) 2 x 2
= arcs e n
x
5x
+ c = arcs e n
+c
5
5
= x + x2 5 + c
2
x 2 + ( 5) 2
= x + x2 + 5 + c
dx
x +5
2
Sea: a = 5 , Luego:
=
x
2
x
3
dx
Sea: a = 5 , Luego:
1.40.-
1+
1+
dx
1
x
arc g
=
+c
2
5
5
x + ( 5)
2
5
5x
arc g
+c
5
5
1.43.-
dx
dx
1
x 5
5
x 5
= 2
=
+c =
+c
2
x 5
10
2 5
x ( 5)
x+ 5
x+ 5
2
1.47.-
=
dx
dx
1
x 12
1
x2 3
= 2
=
+c =
+c
2
x 12
x ( 12)
2 12
x + 12
4 3
x+2 3
2
3
x2 3
+c
12
x+2 3
1.48.-
dx
x + 12
2
Sea: a = 12 , Luego:
dx
1
x
arc g
=
+c
2
12
12
x + ( 12)
2
22
1
2 3
arc g
dx
1.50.-
3
3x
arc g
+c
6
6
dx
= x + x 2 12 + c
2
2
x ( 12)
dx
= x + x 2 + 12 + c
2
2
x + ( 12)
+c =
2 3
dx
=
x 2 12
1.49.-
x 2 + 12
dx
1.51.-
12 x 2
,Luego:
a = 12
Sea:
= arcs e n
1.52.-
dx
12 x
dx
( 12) 2 x 2
x
x
3x
+ c = arcs e n
+ c = arcs e n
+c
6
12
2 3
dx
x x 2 12
dx
x x 2 ( 12) 2
x
x
1
1
+c =
+c
arc sec
arc sec
12
12
2 3
2 3
3
3x
arc sec
+c
6
6
dx
dx
1
1.53.-
=
=
2
2
2
12
x 12 x
x ( 12) x
=
1.54.-
1.55.-
1.56.-
x
12 + 12 x 2
dx
x 12 + x
dx
8 2x
dx
2 x2 8
12 + 12 x 2
+c
+c
dx
x
12 + 12 + x 2
+c
1
dx
1
x
2
x
=
arcs e n + c =
arcs e n + c
2
2
2
2
2
2
2(4 x )
4 x
dx
1
dx
1
=
=
x + x2 4 + c
2
2
2
2
2( x 4)
x 4
2
2
x + x2 4 + c
2
dx
1
dx
1
dx
1.57.-
=
=
=
x + x2 + 4 + c
2
2
2
2
2
2( x + 4)
x +4
2x + 8
=
2
x + x2 + 4 + c
2
x 2
10
x 10
x + x 2 10 + c
2
2
23
x 2
x 10 5 x + x 2 10 + c
2
x 2
1.59.- x 2 + 10dx =
x + 10 + 5 x + x 2 + 10 + c
2
x
10
x
1.60.- 10 x 2 dx = ( 10) 2 x 2 dx =
+c
10 x 2 + arcs e n
2
2
10
=
10 x
x
+c
10 x 2 + 5arcs e n
2
10
1 cos 2 x
s e n2 x
1.61.-
dx
=
s e n 2 x dx = dx = x + c
s e n2 x
=
1.66.- gx
dx = ( gx gx ) dx = 0dx = c
cos x
dx
3x
+c
1.67.- x = 3x dx =
3
3
3
x 3
x
2
4
1.68.- 34 x 2 dx = ( 23 ) 2 x 2 dx =
x
+
arcs e n 3 + c
4
2
2
2
x 3
3
2
x
=
x 2 + arcs e n
+c
2 4
8
3
x 2 3 34
1.69.- x 2 34 dx = x 2 ( 23 ) 2 dx =
x 4
x + x 2 34 + c
2
2
x 2 3 3
=
x 4 x + x 2 34 + c
2
8
x 2 3 3
1.70.- x 2 + 34 dx = x 2 + ( 23 ) 2 dx =
x + 4 + x + x 2 + 34 + c
2
8
dx
dx
1
x
1.71.-
=
=
+c
3
x 3 x2
3 + 3 x2
x ( 3) 2 x 2
=
1.72.-
1.73.-
x
3 + 3 x2
dx
x x 3
dx
2
x x +3
2
+c
1
x
3
3x
arc sec
+c =
arc sec
+c
3
3
3
3
x
3 + x2 + 3
+c
24
1.74.- (s e n 3 x )dy = s e n 3 x dy = (s e n 3 x ) y + c
1.75.- u dx = u dx = u x + c
x2
x2
+c
2
x3
dx = x dx = + c
3
2
x 2
x
2
x
dx =
dx
dx =
dx
2x
2x
2x
2x
2
1
1
dx =
dx
dx =
2x
x
2
1
1
1
2
x2
1
x
+c =
x 2x 2 + c
dx x 2 dx =
1
2
2
2
2
11
11
11x
x
x
x
+c =
+c
11 x 2 + arcs e n
11 x 2 + arcs e n
2
2
2
2
11
11
x 2
11
x 2 11dx =
x 11
x + x 2 11 + c
2
2
x 2
11
x 2 + 11dx =
x + 11 +
x + x 2 + 11 + c
2
2
3
x2
2
x
1
(e )dx = xdx = x 2 dx = 3 + c = x x + c
3
2
1.79.- 11 x 2 dx =
1.80.-
1.81.-
1.82.-
1 + x + x 3
1.83.-
dx = dx = x + c
1 x
1.84.- ( g 2 x + sec2 x 1)dx = 0dx = c
1.85.-
dx
3x 1
2
dx
3 ( x 13 )
2
dx
1
1
=
x + ( x 2 13 ) + c
2
1
3
3
( x 3)
3
x + ( x2 13 ) + c
3
1.86.- (co g s e n )dx = (co g s e n ) dx = (co g s e n ) x + c
=
1.87.-
1.88.-
dx
1 + 3x
dx
1 3x
dx
3
1
3
+x
dx
3
1
3
3
x+
3
1
3
1
3
dx
1
3
+ x2 + c
=
1
x
arcs e n 1 + c
3
3
3
arcs e n 3 x + c
3
1 dx
1 1
3
dx
dx
x
1.89.-
= 1
= 1
= 1 arc g 1 + c =
arc g 3x + c
2
2
2
1 + 3x
3( 3 + x ) 3 3 + x 3 3
3
3
=
25
1.90.-
dx
1
dx
1 1
x
3
3x
= 2 4 = 2 arc g 2 + c =
+c
arc g
2
3x + 4 3 x + 3 3 3
6
2
3
1.91.-
x
1 dx
1 1
dx
= 2 1=
2
1
3x 1 3 x 3 3 2 3
x+
1.92.-
dx
x 3x 2 1
dx
3x x 2 1
=
3
1
3
1
3
+c =
3x 1
+c
3x + 1
1
dx
1
=
3 x x2 1
3
3
1
1
arc sec
x
1
+c
3
= arc sec 3x + c
1.93.-
dx
x 1 + 3x
=
1
3
1.94.-
1
3
1
dx
1
=
2
1
3 x 3+x
3
dx
x 1 3x 2
1
3
1
3
1
3
+ x2
+c
+c
+ x2
1
dx
=
3 x 13 x 2
1.95.- 1 3x 2 dx = 3
x
= 3
2
1
1
1
3
x
1
3
x
x 2 dx = 3
2
1
3
x2
+c
1
1
3
x 2 + 3 arcs e n
2
x
+c
1
x 2 + arc s e n 3x + c
6
1
x 1
2
3
+ x 2 dx = 3
+
+
x
x + 13 + x 2
3
2
2
1
x 1
2
= 3
x + 13 + x 2 + c
3+ x +
6
2
x 2 1 1
1.97.- 3x 2 1dx = 3 x 2 13 dx = 3
x 3 x + x 2 13
6
2
1.96.- 1 + 3x 2 dx = 3
1
3
+c
+ c
1.98.- (3 x 2 1)dx = 3 x 2 dx dx = x3 x + c
0
1.99.- (3x 2 1) dx = dx = x + c
n
1.100.- (3 x 2 1) du = (3 x 2 1) n du = (3 x 2 1) n u + c
3
1.101.- exp(
x
3
)dx =
x
1 1
1x2
2 3
+c = x 2 +c
dx = x 2 dx =
3
3
3 32
9
2x 1
1
x2 1
dx = xdx dx = x + c
1.102.- (e )dx =
2
2
2 2
2
x
1.103.- (e + e + 1) dx
2 x 1
2
26
Sea: a= (e 2 + e + 1) , Luego: a x dx =
ax
(e 2 + e 1) x
+c =
+c
a
(e2 + e 1)
1+ g 2x
1.104.-
1dx = (1 1)dx = 0dx = c
2
sec x
x2
1.105.- exp( 1 + x )dx = (1 + x)dx = dx + xdx = x + + c
2
x
x
27
1.106.- 27 x 2 dx =
+c
27 x 2 + arc s e n
2
2
3 3
x 2
27
1.107.- x 2 27dx =
x 27
x + x 2 27 + c
2
2
x 2
27
1.108.- x 2 + 27dx =
x + 27 +
x + x 2 + 27 + c
2
2
dx
1
dx
1
1.109.-
=
= arc secx + c
3x x 2 1 3 x x 2 1 3
1.110.-
1.111.-
1.112.-
1.113.-
dx
2x 1 x2
dx
5x x + 1
2
dx
3x 9 x
1
1
dx
x
=
+c
2 x 1 x2 2
1 + 1 x2
1
dx
1
x
=
+c
2
5 x x +1 5
1 + x2 + 1
1
11
1
dx
x
x
=
+c =
+c
2
2
3 x 9 x
33
9
3+ 9 x
3 + 9 x2
dx
4 x x + 16
2
1
11
dx
x
=
+c
2
4 x x + 16 4 4
4 + x 2 + 16
1
x
+c
16
4 + x 2 + 16
dx
1
dx
11
x
1
x
1.114.-
=
=
arc sec + c = arc sec + c
2
2
5
25
5
5 x x 25 5 x x 25 5 5
2
(1 x )
1 2 x + x
3
1.115.-
dx =
dx = ( x 2 2 x 2 + x 1 )dx
2
2
x
x
1
1
3
x 2
x 2
2
1
1
1
2
= x dx 2 x dx + x dx = x 2
+ x + c = x 2
+ x +c
=
1 4
+ x +c = +
+ x +c
x
x
3
1.116.- (1 + x + x)2 dx = (1 + x + x 2 + 2 x + 2 x + 2 x 2 )dx
= x 1 + 4 x
= (1 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 + x 2 )dx = dx + 2 x 2 dx +3 xdx + 2 x 2 dx + x 2 dx
3
2x 2
x2
x 2 x3
4x 2
x2
x 2 x3
x+
+3 +2
+ +c = x+
+3 +4
+ +c
3
5
2
3
3
2
5
3
2
2
27
1.117.- (1 x + x) 2 dx = (1 + x + x 2 2 x + 2 x 2 x 2 )dx
3
x2
x 2 x3
4x 2
= (1 2 x + 3x 2 x + x )dx = x
+3 4
+ +c
3
2
5
3
4
2
3
4
1.118.- (1 + x) dx = (1 + 4 x + 6 x + 4 x + x )dx
1
1
= dx + 4 xdx + 6 x 2 dx + 4 x3 dx + x 4 dx = x + 2 x 2 + 2 x3 + x 4 + x5 + c
5
1 cos x
2
1 cos x
1
1
1
1
dx = dx cos xdx = x s e n xdx
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1+ x
1+ x
1
1
1.120.- exp 2 dx = 2 dx = 2 dx + dx = x 2 dx + dx = + x + c
x
x
x
x
1.119.- e
dx =
1 s e n x
3
1 s e n x
1
1
1
1
dx = dx s e n xdx = x + cos x + c
3
3
3
3
3
0
1.122.- (1 + x 3 x ) dx = dx = x + c
1.121.- e
1.123.- e
=
(1+ x )2
2
dx =
dx =
(1 + x) 2
1 + 2 x + x2
1
1
dx =
dx = dx + xdx + x 2 dx
2
2
2
2
1
x 2 x3
x+ + +c
2
2 6
28
CAPITULO 2
INTEGRACION POR SUSTITUCION
A veces es conveniente hacer un cambio de variable, para transformar la integral
dada en otra, de forma conocida. La tcnica en cuestin recibe el nombre de
mtodo de sustitucin.
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
e x dx
2.1.-Encontrar: 2
x +7
Solucin.- Como: e
e x dx
xdx
= x, se tiene: 2
= 2
x +7
x +7
xdx
1 2 xdx
,
= 2
2
x +7 2 x +7
1 2 xdx 1 du
, integral que es inmediata.
=
2 x2 + 7 2 u
1 du 1
1
Luego: =
u + c = x2 + 7 + c
2 u 2
2
e x dx 1
Respuesta: 2
= x2 + 7 + c
x +7 2
2
e x dx
2.2.-Encontrar: 3
x +8
2
e x dx
x 2 dx
x2
2
Solucin.- Como: e = x , se tiene: 3
= 3
x +8
x +8
Se tiene:
x 2 dx 1 3 x 2 dx
=
,
x3 + 8 3 x3 + 8
1 3x 2 dx 1 dw
=
integral que es inmediata.
3 x3 + 8 3 w
1 dw 1
1
Luego:
= w + c = x3 + 8 + c
3 w 3
3
x2
e dx 1
Respuesta: 3
= x3 + 8 + c
x +8 3
2.3.-Encontrar: ( x + 2) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx
Se tiene:
29
1
1
(2 x + 4) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx = s e n udu , integral que es inmediata.
2
2
1
1
1
1
Luego: = s e n udu = ( cos u ) + c = cos u + c = cos( x 2 + 4 x 6) + c
2
2
2
2
1
Respuesta: ( x + 2) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx = cos( x 2 + 4 x 6) + c
2
2
2.4.-Encontrar: x s e n(1 x )dx
=
30
3
2tdt
1
2
3 2
t + 3 2 (t + 3) 3
3
2tdt
3 du
Se tiene que: 2
= 1 , integral que es inmediata
1
3
2 (t + 3)
2 u3
Dado que:
3tdt
3 du 3 13
3u 3
9 23
9 2
2
3
c
u
c
t
(
3)
= u du =
+
=
+
=
+
+c
1
2
3
2 u
2
2 3
4
4
3tdt
9
2
Respuesta:
= (t 2 + 3) 3 + c
3 2
t +3 4
dx
2.8.-Encontrar:
1 , a y b constantes.
(a + bx) 3
Solucin.- Sea: w = a + bx , donde: dw = bdx
2
1
dx
bdx
1
1 dw 1
1w3
3 23
3
Luego:
w
c
w +c
=
=
=
=
+
=
1
1
1
b 23
2b
(a + bx) 3 b (a + bx) 3 b w 3 b
2
3
3
= (a + bx) + c
2b
2
dx
3
3
Respuesta:
=
+
+c
a
bx
(
)
1
(a + bx) 3 2b
Luego:
arcs e n x
dx
1 x2
arcs e n x
dx
dx = arcs e n x
Solucin.-
,
2
1 x
1 x2
dx
Sea: u = arcs e n x , donde: du =
1 x2
dx
2 3
2
1
Luego: arcs e n x
= u 2 du = u 2 + c =
(arcs e n x)3 + c
2
3
3
1 x
2.9.-Encontrar:
arcs e n x
2
(arcs e n x)3 + c
dx =
2
1 x
3
x
arc g
2 dx
2.10.-Encontrar:
4 + x2
x
1
1
2dx
Solucin.- Sea: w = arc g , donde: dw =
( )dx =
x 2
2
1+ ( 2 ) 2
4 + x2
x
2
arc g
1
1
1 2
1
x
x 2dx
2
Luego:
= wdw = w + c = arc g + c
dx = arc g
2
4 + x2
2
2
4
4
2
2 4+ x
x
2
arc g
2 dx = 1 arc g x + c
Respuesta:
4 + x2
4
2
Respuesta:
31
x arc g 2 x
dx
1 + 4x2
arc g 2 x
x arc g 2 x
xdx
Solucin.-
dx =
2
2
1+ 4x
1+ 4x
1 + 4 x2
2.11.-Encontrar:
2dx
1 + 4x2
arc g 2 x 1 8 xdx 1
2dx
xdx
Luego:
=
arc g 2 x
2
2
2
1 + 4x
1+ 4x
8 1+ 4x 2
1 + 4x2
1 du 1
1
1 3
1
1
3
1
=
w 2 dw = u w 2 + c = 1 + 4 x 2 (arc g 2 x) 2 + c
8 u 2
8
3
8
3
x arc g 2 x
1
1
3
dx = 1 + 4 x 2 (arc g 2 x) 2 + c
Respuesta:
2
1+ 4x
8
3
dx
2.12.-Encontrar:
(1 + x 2 ) x + 1 + x 2
Solucin.-
dx
(1 + x 2 ) x + 1 + x 2
Sea: u = x + 1 + x 2 , donde: du =
Luego:
dx
1 + x2
Respuesta:
x + 1 + x2
dx
(1 + x 2 ) x + 1 + x 2
2.13.-Encontrar:
dx
x + 1 + x2
1 + x2
1
(1 +
2x
) du =
x + 1+ x
2 1+ x
du
1
1
= u 2 du = 2u 2 + c = 2
u
2
=2
dx
1 + x2
x + 1 + x2 + c
x + 1 + x2 + c
co g ( x)
dx
x
dx
x
co g ( x)
dx = co gwdw = s e n w + c = s e n( x) + c
x
co g ( x)
Respuesta:
dx = s e n( x) + c
x
dx
2.14.-Encontrar:
x ( x )3
dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = x , donde: du =
x
2
dx
du
u
1
1
Luego:
= 3 = u 3 du =
+c = 2 +c =
+c
3
2
2u
2( x) 2
x( x)
u
Luego:
32
Respuesta:
dx
1
=
+c
3
2( x) 2
x( x)
1
e x2
2.15.-Encontrar: 3 dx
x
1
2
Solucin.- Sea: w = 2 , donde: dw = 3 dx
x
x
1
e x2
1 1 2dx
1
1
1 1 x2
Luego: 3 dx = e x2 3 = e w dw = e w + c = e + c
x
x
2
2
2
2
1
e x2
1 1 x2
Respuesta: 3 dx = e + c
2
x
x2 + 2
2.16.-Encontrar: e
xdx
+
x
x
x
e +1
e +1
u
w
1+ e
1+ e
33
= u + c1 + w + c2 = e x + 1 + 1 + e x + C = e x + 1 1 + e x + c
ex 1
Respuesta: x dx = (e x + 1)(1 + e x ) + c , otra respuesta seria:
e +1
x
2
e 1
x
e x + 1dx = e + 1 x + c
e2 x 1
2.20.-Encontrar: 2 x dx
e +3
2x
e 1
e2 x
e0
Solucin.- 2 x dx = 2 x dx 2 x dx
e +3
e +3
e +3
2x
2 x 2 x
2x
e
e e
e
e 2 x
e2 x
e 2 x
dx = 2 x dx 2 x 2 x
dx = 2 x dx
dx
= 2 x dx 2 x
e +3
e +3
e +3
e (e + 3)
e +3
1 + 3e 2 x
Sea: u = e 2 x + 3 , donde: du = 2e 2 x dx ; w = 1 + 3e 2 x ,donde: dw = 6e 2 x dx
e2 x
e 2 x
1 2e 2 x
1 6e 2 x
1 du 1 dw
dx
dx
dx =
=
+
+
Luego: 2 x dx
2x
2 x
2 x
e +3
1 + 3e
2 e +3
6 1 + 3e
2 u 6 w
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
u + w + c = e 2 x + 3 + 1 + 3e2 x + c = e2 x + 3 + 1 + 2 x + c
e
2
6
2
6
2
6
=
1
1
e2 x + 3
1
1
1
e2 x + 3 + 2 x + c = e2 x + 3 + e2 x + 3 e2 x + c
2
6
e
2
6
6
= ( e 2 x + 3)
1/ 2
= ( e 2 x + 3)
+ ( e 2 x + 3)
1/ 6
1/ 2
1/ 6
1
x
2 x + c = ( e2 x + 3) ( e 2 x + 3) + c
3
6
x
+c
3
2x
2/3
e 1
x
Respuesta: 2 x dx = ( e 2 x + 3) + c
e +3
3
2
x +1
2.22.-Encontrar:
dx
x 1
Solucin.- Cuando el grado del polinomio dividendo es MAYOR o IGUAL que el
grado del polinomio divisor, es necesario efectuar previamente la divisin de
polinomios. El resultado de la divisin dada es:
2/3
x2 + 1
2
x2 + 1
2
dx
dx = x + 1 +
= ( x + 1) +
, Luego:
dx = xdx + dx + 2
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
Sea u = x 1 , donde du = dx
dx
du x 2
Luego: xdx + dx + 2
= + x + x 1 + c
= xdx + dx + 2
x 1
u
2
2
2
x +1
x
Respuesta:
dx = + x + x 1 + c
x 1
2
x+2
2.23.-Encontrar:
dx
x +1
34
x+2
1
x+2
1
dx
, Luego:
= 1+
dx = 1 +
dx = dx +
x +1
x +1
x +1
x +1
x +1
Sea u = x + 1 , donde du = dx
du
dx + u = x + u + c =x + x + 1 + c
x+2
dx = x + x + 1 + c
Respuesta:
x +1
2.24.-Encontrar: g 5 x sec2 xdx
Solucin.-
1
sen x
dx =
dx
2
cos x
cos 2 x
+c = +c =
+c
Luego:
2
2
u
u
cos x
cos x
1
cos x
Respuesta: s e n x sec 2 xdx = sec x + c
sec2 3xdx
2.26.-Encontrar:
1 + g 3x
Solucin.- Sea: u = 1 + g 3 xdx , donde: du = 3sec 2 3xdx
Luego:
Respuesta:
sec 2 3 xdx 1
= 1 + g 3x + c
1 + g 3x 3
w4
s e n4 x
+ c =
+c
4
4
s e n4 x
+c
4
2.28.-Encontrar: cos 4 x s e n xdx
Respuesta: s e n 3 x cos xdx =
35
u5
cos x5
cos5 x
+c =
+c =
+c
5
5
5
cos5 x
Respuesta: cos 4 x s e n xdx =
+c
5
sec5
2.29.-Encontrar:
dx
cos ecx
1
5
sec5
sen x
Solucin.-
dx = cos x dx =
dx
1
cos ecx
(cos x)5
sen x
Sea: w = cos x , donde: dw = s e n xdx
sen x
dw
w4
1 1
1
5
=
+c =
+c =
+c
Luego:
dx
w
dw
5
5
4
4
(cos x)
4w
4 cos 4 x
w
sec 4 x
+c
4
sec5
sec 4 x
+c
dx =
cos ecx
4
2.30.-Encontrar: e g 2 x sec2 2 xdx
Respuesta:
1 dw 5
dx
1
5
dx
; Sea: v = x , donde: dv = dx
2
= w + c1 2
2
2
3 w 3 x ( 3) 3
3 x ( 23 ) 2
Adems: a =
=
=
; se tiene:
1
5
dv
w + c1 2 2
3
3 v a
x
1
5 1
1
5 1
va
3x 2 2 + c1
+ c2 = 3x 2 2
v+a
3
3 2a
3
3 2 2 3
x+
1
5
3x 2 2
3
32 2
3x 2
1
5
+ C = 3x 2 2
3
3x + 2
2 6
2
2
3
3
+C
3x 2
+C
3x + 2
36
Respuesta:
2x 5
1
5
dx = 3 x 2 2
2
3x 2
3
2 6
2.32.-Encontrar:
Solucin.-
3x 2
+C
3x + 2
dx
x 4 9 2x
dx
x 4 9 2x
dx
x 22 (3 x) 2
3dx
Sea: u = 3 x , donde: du =
x
dx
1
3dx
1
du
1
u
Luego:
=
=
= arcs e n + c
2
2
2
2
2
2
3 x 2 (3 x)
3
3
2
x 2 (3 x)
2 (u )
3
1
3 x
1
= arcs e n
+ c = arcs e n x 2 + c
3
2
3
3
dx
1
Respuesta:
= arcs e n x 2 + c
x 4 9 2x 3
2.33.-Encontrar:
dx
ex 1
e x dx
; Tal que: e x = u 2 + 1
2 e 1
2du
du
Luego:
= 2
= 2 2
= 2 arc gu + c = 2 arc g e x + 1 + c
x
u
u
1
1
+
+
e 1
dx
Respuesta:
= 2 arc g e x + 1 + c
x
e 1
x2 + 2 x + 2
dx
2.34.-Encontrar:
x +1
x2 + 2 x + 2
( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 1
( x + 1) 2 + 1
( x + 1) 2 + 1
Solucin.-
dx =
dx =
dx =
dx
x +1
x +1
x +1
x +1
1
dx
)dx = xdx + dx +
= (x +1+
, Sea: w = x + 1 , donde: dw = dx
x +1
x +1
dx
dw x 2
Luego: xdx + dx +
= xdx + dx +
= + x+ w +c
x +1
w
2
2
x
= + x + x +1 + c
2
x2 + 2 x + 2
x2
Respuesta:
dx = + x + x + 1 + c
x +1
2
2x
e
2.35.-Encontrar:
dx
ex + 1
Solucin.- Sea: u = e x + 1 , donde: du = e x dx
x
dx
37
Luego:
u
3
u 1
u2 u 2
1
1
1
1
+c
dx = 1 du = (u 2 u 2 )du = u 2 du u 2 du =
3
1
u2
2
2
ex + 1
3
e2 x
+ c = 23 u 2 12 u 2 + c =
3
2
3
(e x + 1)3 2 (e x + 1) + c
Respuesta:
e2 x
e +1
x
2.36.-Encontrar:
dx =
2
3
(e x + 1)3 2 (e x + 1) + c
2 x dx
4x x
dx
; adems: 4 x = (2 2 x) = 2 + 2 x
x
u = 2 + 2x 2x = u 2
2 x dx
u 2
2
du
=
= u 2 u + c
Luego:
du = du
du = du 2
4x x
u
u
u
= 4 x 2 [ ( 4 x)] + c
2 x dx
= 4 x 2 [ ( 4 x) ] + c
4x x
2.37.-Encontrar: x(3 x + 1)7 dx
Respuesta:
w 1
3
w 1 7 dw 1
1
= ( w 1) w7 dw = ( w8 w7 )dw
w
3
3 9
9
9
8
1
1
1w 1w
1
1
= w8 dw w7 dw =
+ c = w9 w8 + c
9
9
9 9 9 8
81
72
1
1
= (3x + 1)9 (3x + 1)8 + c
81
72
(3x + 1)9 (3 x + 1)8
Respuesta: x(3 x + 1)7 dx =
+c
81
72
x2 5x + 6
2.38.-Encontrar:
dx
x2 + 4
x2 5x + 6
2 5x
Solucin.dx = 1 + 2
2
x +4
x +4
2
x 5x + 6
2 5x
dx
xdx
Luego:
dx = (1 + 2
)dx = dx + 2 2
5 2
2
x +4
x +4
x +4
x +4
2
Sea: u = x + 4 , donde: du = 2 xdx ; Entonces:
x 5 du
x 5
x 5
= x + arc g
=x + arc g u + c = x + arc g x 2 + 4 + c
2 2 u
2 2
2 2
2
x 5x + 6
x 5
Respuesta:
dx = x + arc g x 2 + 4 + c
2
x +4
2 2
38
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Usando Esencialmente la tcnica de integracin por sustitucin, encontrar las
siguientes integrales:
adx
4t + 6
2.39.- 3x e x dx
2.40.-
2.41.-
dt
2t + 1
ax
1 3x
xdx
ax b
2.43.-
2.42.-
2.44.-
dx
dx
x+
a + bx
3 + 2x
2.45.-
3t 2 + 3
dt
t 1
2
2.48.- a +
dx
xa
2.51.- a bxdx
2.54.-
dx
3x 2 + 5
6t 15
dt
3t 2 2
xdx
2.60.- 2
x 5
xdx
2.63.-
a4 x4
2.57.-
2.66.-
2.69.-
x arc g 3x
dx
1 + 9 x2
dt
(9 + 9t 2 ) t + 1 + t 2
a2x 1
dx
ax
2.81.- (e a + 1) 3 e a dx
2.84.-
x +1
x3 dx
2.55.- 2
a x2
3 2x
2.58.- 2
dx
5x + 7
xdx
2.61.- 2
2x + 3
x 2 dx
2.64.-
1 + x6
2
arcs e n t
dt
4 4t 2
2.70.- ae mx dx
2.67.-
2.73.- e ( x
+1)
xdx
xdx
2.52.-
2.76.-
2.78.- x7 x dx
x
x2 + 5x + 7
dx
x+3
x
2.49.-
dx
( x + 1) 2
2.46.-
e bx
dx
1 e2bx
ex
dx
x2
x4 + x2 + 1
dx
x 1
bdy
2.50.-
1 y
2.47.-
x + x
dx
x
y2 5 y + 6
dy
2.56.-
y2 + 4
3x + 1
2.59.-
dx
5x2 + 1
ax + b
dx
2.62.- 2 2
a x + b2
x 2 dx
2.65.-
x6 1
arc g ( 3x )
2.68.-
dx
9 + x2
2.53.-
2.71.- 423 x dx
2.74.- (e a e a )2 dx
x
2.77.- 5
dx
x
2.79.-
2.80.- e x a be x dx
2.85.-
a x dx
;a > 0
1 + a2 x
x
2.86.- cos dx
2
et dt
et 1
dx
2.82.- x
2 +3
et dt
1 e 2t
dx
x
2
2.91.- s e n xdx
2.88.- cos x
2.83.-
2.89.- s e n( x)
dx
x
39
dx
3cos(5 x 4 )
x
2.99.- co g
dx
a b
dx
s e n(ax + b)
dx
2.100.- g x
x
dx
2.103.-
s e n x cos x
2.97.-
2.96.-
2.102.-
1 dx
sen x 2
2.105.- t s e n(1 2t 2 )dt
2.108.-
s e n x cos x
cos x s e n x
2
dx
s e n 3x
dx
3 + cos 3 x
gx
2.109.-
dx
cos 2 x
2.106.-
2.112.-
2.115.- x 5 5 x 2 dx
(cos ax + s e n ax) 2
2.117.-
dx
s e n ax
x3 1
2.118.-
dx
x +1
x3 1
dx
x4 4x + 1
g 3 x co g 3x
2.123.-
dx
s e n 3x
2.121.- xe x dx
2.126.-
2.129.-
2.132.-
sec 2 xdx
g2x 2
x2
dx
x3 + 1
sec 2 xdx
4 g 2 x
dx
x 1
arc gx
e
+ x (1 + x 2 ) + 1
2.138.-
1 + x2
(1 s e n x2 ) 2
2.141.-
dx
s e n x2
2.135.- g x 1
2.144.-
d
s e n a cos a
2.124.-
2.127.-
2.130.-
2.107.- g 3 3x sec 2 3x dx
2.110.- cos ax s e n ax dx
2.113.- s e n 3 6 x cos 6 xdx
x3 dx
x8 + 5
2.120.-
dx
s e n ax
xdx
2.98.-
cos 2 x 2
dx
2.101.-
g 5x
cos ax
2.104.-
dx
s e n 5 ax
2.95.-
1 + s e n 3x
dx
cos 2 3 x
cos ec 2 3xdx
2.119.-
b a co g 3 x
2.116.-
3 2 + 3x 2
2.122.-
dx
2 + 3x 2
1+ s e n x
2.125.-
dx
x + cos x
dx
ex
dx
x x
2
2.131.- g 2 axdx
xdx
1 x4
dx
2.133.-
cos x a
2.134.-
xdx
s e n x2
2.137.-
2.136.-
x 2 dx
2.139.- 2
x 2
5 3x
2.142.-
dx
4 3x 2
2.145.-
es
e2 s 2
ds
1+ x
dx
x
s e n x cos x
dx
s e n x + cos x
2.140.- es e n x s e n 2 xdx
2
2.143.-
ds
e +1
s
2.146.- s e n( 2T t + 0 )dt
40
2.147.-
2.150.-
2.153.-
2.156.-
arc cos x 2
2.148.-
dx
4 x2
s e n x cos x
2sen x
4
2.151.s ecx gx
dx
arc s e n x + x
1 x2
dx
s ec 2 x + 1
xdx
2.154.-
x +1
dx
( x + x 2 + 1)
x2 + 1
(arcs e n x) 2
2.159.-
dx
1 x2
2t 2 10t + 12
2.162.-
dt
t2 + 4
dx
x(4 2 x)
dx
2.157.-
s e n3 x
dx
cos x
2.150.- e x + e dx
x
2.163.-
dt
s e n t cos 2 t
2
cos xdx
1+ s e n2 x
et e t
dt
et + e t
RESPUESTAS
2.39.- 3x e x dx ,
x
u
(3e) dx = (a) du =
Sea: u = x, du = dx, a = 3e
au
(3e) x
(3e) x
3x e x
3x e x
+c =
+c =
+c =
+c =
+c
a
(3e)
3 e
3 + e
3 +1
adx
,
Sea: u = a x, du = dx
ax
adx
du
a x = a u = a u + c = a a x + c
4t + 6
2t + 3
2
2.41.-
Sea: u = 2t + 1, du = 2dt ;
= 1+
dt ,
2t + 1
2t + 1
2t + 1
4t + 6
2
2
du
2t + 1 dt = 2 1 + 2t + 1 dt = 2 dt + 2 2t + 1 dt =2 dt + 2 u =2t + 2 u + c
= 2t + 2 2t + 1 + c
2.40.-
11
1 3x
3
1 3x
2
Sea: u = 3 + 2 x, du = 2dx ;
2.42.-
dx ,
= +
3 + 2x
3 + 2x
2 2x + 3
11
1 3x
3
11 dx
3
11 du
3
2
=
+
dx
3 + 2 x 2 2 x + 3 dx = 2 dx + 4 2 x + 3 = 2 dx + 4 u
3
11
x+
2x + 3 + c
2
4
a
xdx
x
1
,
Sea: u = a + bx, du = bdx ;
2.43.-
= b
a + bx b a + bx
a + bx
xdx
1
a
dx
1
a du 1
a
x a
a + bx = b dx b a + bx = b dx b2 u = b x b2 u + c = b b2 a + bx + c
41
ax b
dx ,
2.44.-
x+
Sea: u = x + , du = dx ;
+b
ax b a
=
x
ax + b
a + b
+b
ax b
a
a
a
a + b
dx
x + dx = x dx = dx x + dx = dx a + b
a
a + b du a
a + b
a
a + b
= dx
= x
u +c = x
x+ +c
2
2
2
3t 2 + 3
t2 +1
2
Sea: u = t 1, du = dt ;
dt ,
= t +1+
t 1
t 1
t 1
2
3t + 3
2
2
3 2
t 1 dt = 3 t + 1 + t 1 dt = 3 tdt + 3 dt + 3 t 1 dt = 2 t + 3t + 6 u + c
3
= t 2 + 3t + 6 t 1 + c
2
x2 + 5x + 7
x2 + 5x + 7
1
2.46.-
Sea: u = t 1, du = t + 1 ;
dx ,
= x+2+
x+3
x+3
x+3
2
x2 + 5x + 7
1
1
x
x + 3 dx = x + 2 + x + 3 dx = xdx + 2 dx + x + 3 dx = 2 + 2 x + u + c
2.45.-
x2
x2
+ 2x + u + c = + 2x + x + 3 + c
2
2
4
2
x + x +1
2.47.-
Sea: u = x 1, du = dx ;
dx ,
x 1
x4 + x2 + 1
3
dx
3
2
3
2
x 1 dx = x + x + 2 x + 2 + x 1 dx = x dx + x dx + 2 dx + 3 x 1
x 4 x3
x 4 x3
= + + x2 + 2 + 3 u + c = + + x2 + 2 x + 3 x 1 + c
4 3
4 3
=
2.48.- a +
dx ,
xa
Sea: u = x a, du = dx
2 2ab
b
b2
dx
dx
2
2
+
=
+
+
a
dx
a
x a
x a ( x a)2 dx = a dx + 2ab x a + b ( x a)2
2
= a 2 dx + 2ab
49.-
du
du
u 1
b2
+ b 2 2 = a 2 x + 2ab u + b 2
+ c = a 2 x + 2ab x a
+ c 2.
1
u
u
xa
x
dx ,
( x + 1) 2
Sea: u = x + 1, du = dx
x
( x + 1) 1
x +1
dx
dx
dx
u 1
dx
=
dx
=
dx
=
u
+c
( x + 1)2 ( x + 1)2
( x + 1)2 ( x + 1)2 u u 2
1
42
1
+c
x +1
bdy
,
Sea: u = 1 y, du = dy
2.50.-
1 y
bdy
du
1
1
1
1 y = b u = b u 2 du = 2bu 2 + c = 2b(1 y) 2 + c
= x +1 +
2.51.- a bxdx ,
a bxdx =
2.52.-
xdx
1 12
1u 2
2 3
3
3
u
du
=
+ c = u 2 + c = (a bx) 2 + c
3
b
b 2
3b
2b
,
Sea: u = x 2 + 1, du = 2 xdx
x +1
1
xdx
1 du 1 12
1 u2
1
=
= u du =
+ c =( x 2 + 1) 2 + c
1
2
2 2
u 2
x +1 2
2
x + x
dx
Sea: u = x, du =
dx ,
x
x
1/ 2
x + x
x
x
u2
1/ 2
1/ 2
dx
=
x
dx
+
dx
=
x
dx
+
udu
=
+
+c
x
1/ 2 2
2x
=2 x+
+c
2
dx
,
Sea: u 2 = 3 x 2 , u = 3 x, du = 3dx ; a 2 = 5; a = 5
2.54.- 2
3x + 5
dx
1
du
1 1
u
1 1
3x
15
3x
3x 2 + 5 = 3 u 2 + a 2 = 3 a arc tg a + c = 3 5 arc tg 5 + c = 15 arc tg 5 + c
2.53.-
2.55.-
x3dx
,
a2 x2
Sea: u = x 2 a 2 , du = 2 xdx
x 3dx
a 2 xdx
xdx
a 2 du
2
=
xdx
xdx
a
=
xdx
a2 x2
x2 a2
x2 a2
2 u
x2 a2
x2 a2
=
u +c =
x2 a2 + c
2 2
2 2
y2 5 y + 6
2.56.-
Sea: u = y 2 + 4, du = 2 ydy
dy ,
2
y +4
y2 5 y + 6
5 y + 2
5 y + 2
ydy
dy
y 2 + 4 dy = (1 + y 2 + 4 )dy = dy + y 2 + 4 dy = dy 5 y 2 + 4 + 2 y 2 + 22
y
y
= y 5 u + 2 1 arc g + c = y 5 y 2 + 4 + arc g + c
2
2
2
2
2
6t 15
Sea: u = 3t 2 2, du = 6tdt ; w = 3t , dw = 3dt
dt ,
2.57.- 2
3t 2
43
6t 15
tdt
dt
tdt
dt
15 2
= 6 2
15
dt = 6 2
2
2
3t 2
3t 2
3t 2
( 3t ) 2 ( 2) 2
3t
=
du 15
dw
15 3 1
w 2
= u
+c
2
2
3 2 2
u
3 w ( 2)
w+ 2
= 3t 2 2
5 6
t 3 2
+c
4
t 3+ 2
3 2x
Sea: u = 5 x 2 + 7, du = 10 xdx; w = 5 x, dw = 5dx
dx ,
2
5x + 7
3 2x
dx
dx
dx
2 du
5 x 2 + 7dx = 3 5 x2 + 7 2 5x 2 + 7 = 3 ( 5x )2 + ( 7)2 10 u
2.58.-
3
dw
1 du
3 1
x 5 1
=
u +c
arc g
2
2
5 w + ( 7) 5 u
5 7
7 5
3 35
5 1
arc gx
5x2 + 7 + c
35
7 5
3x + 1
Sea: u = 5 x 2 + 1, du = 10 xdx; w = x 5, dw = 5dx
2.59.-
dx ,
2
5x + 1
3x + 1
xdx
dx
xdx
dx
5 x2 + 1dx = 3 5 x2 + 1 + ( x 5)2 + 12 = 3 5 x 2 + 1 + ( x 5)2 + 12
=
3 du
1
dw
3 u2
1
=
+
=
+
w + w2 + 1 + c
2
2
10
u
5
5
w + 1 10 1 2
3
1
5x2 + 1 +
=
x 5 + 5x2 + 1 + c
5
5
xdx
,
Sea: u = x 2 + 5, du = 2 xdx
2.60.- 2
x 5
xdx
1 du 1
1
2
x2 5 = 2 u = 2 u + c = 2 x 5 + c
xdx
,
Sea: u = 2 x 2 + 3, du = 4 xdx
2
2x + 3
xdx
1 du 1
1
2
2x2 + 3 = 4 u = 4 u + c = 4 2x + 3 + c
ax + b
2.62.- 2 2
Sea: u = a 2 x 2 + b 2 , du = 2a 2 xdx; w = ax, dw = adx
dx ,
2
a x +b
ax + b
xdx
dx
a du b
dw
a 2 x 2 + b2 dx = a a 2 x 2 + b2 + b a 2 x 2 + b2 = 2a 2 u + a w2 + b2
1
b 1
w
1
1
ax
arc g + c = a 2 x 2 + b 2 + arc g + c
= u+
2
2
b
a
b
a b
2.61.-
44
2.63.-
xdx
a x
4
xdx
a x
4
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
xdx
( a 2 )2 ( x2 )2
1
du
1
u
= arcs e n 2 + c
2
a
( a 2 )2 u 2 2
1
x2
= arcs e n 2 + c
a
2
2
x dx
2.64.-
,
Sea: u = x3 , du = 3x 2 dx
6
1+ x
2
x dx
x 2 dx
1 du
1
1
3
1 + x6 = 1 + ( x3 )2 = 3 1 + u 2 = 3 arc g u + c = 3 arc gx + c
2.65.-
x dx
x 1
6
x 2 dx
x 1
6
Sea: u = x3 , du = 3x 2 dx
x 2 dx
(x ) 1
3 2
1
du
1
1
= u + u 2 1 + c = x3 + x 6 1 + c
2
3 u 1 3
3
x arc g 3x
3dx
Sea: u = 1 + 9 x 2 , du = 18 xdx; w = arc g 3 x, dw =
dx ,
2
1 + 9 x2
1+ 9x
x arc g 3x
arc g 3x
xdx
1 du 1
1
1 + 9 x2 dx = 1 + 9 x 2 1 + 9 x 2 dx = 18 u 3 w 2 dw
3
3
1
1w2
1
2(arc g 3 x) 2
2
=
+c =
+c
u
1+ 9x
18
33
18
9
2
dt
arcs e n t
2.67.-
Sea: u = arcs e n t , du =
dt ,
2
4 4t
1 t2
2.66.-
arcs e n t
1
arcs e n t
1
arcs e n t
1
1 u
dt =
dt =
dt = udu =
2
2
4 4t
2
1 t
2
2
2 3
1 t2
1 3
+c = u 2 +c
3
1
(arcs e n t )3 + c
3
arc g ( 3x )
3dx
2.68.-
Sea: u = arc g 3x , du =
dx ,
2
9+ x
9 + x2
arc g ( 3x )
arc g ( 3x ) 2
1
1 u2
1 2
=
=
+
=
+
=
+c
dx
udu
c
u
c
9 + x2
3
3 2
6
6
dt
dt
, Sea: u = t + 1 + t 2 , du =
2.69.-
1+ t2
(9 + 9t 2 ) t + 1 + t 2
=
1
=
3 (1 + t 2 )
dt
t + 1+ t2
1 du 1 u 2
2
2
=
=
+c =
u +c =
1
3 u 3
3
3
2
t + 1+ t 2 + c
45
2.70.- ae mx dx ,
ae
mx
dx = a e mx dx =
2.71.- 42 3 x dx ,
2 3 x
4 dx =
a u
a
a
e du = eu + c = e mx + c
m
m
m
Sea: u = 2 3x, du = 3dx; a = 4
1 u
1 au
4 2 3 x
=
+
=
+c
a
du
c
3
3 a
3 4
(e
Sea: u = t , du = dt
e t )dt = et dt e t dt = et dt eu dt = et + eu + c = et + e t + c
2.73.- e ( x
+1)
xdx ,
Sea: u = x 2 1, du = 2 xdx
2
1 u
1
1
1
e du = eu + c = e ( x +1) + c = x2 +1 + c
2
2
2
2e
x
x
2
x
2
dx
2
x
2dx
, du =
; w = , dw =
Sea: u =
2.74.- (e a e a ) 2 dx ,
a
a
a
a
x
x
2x
x
x
2 x
2x
2 x
2
(e a e a ) dx = (e a + 2e a e a + e a )dx = e a dx + 2 dx + e a dx
( x 2 +1)
xdx = e x 1 xdx =
2
a u
a
a
a
a 2x
a 2x
e du + 2 dx e w dw = eu + 2 x e w + c = e a + 2 x e a + c
2
2
2
2
2
2
2x
a 1
2.75.-
Sea: u = 2x , du = dx2 ; w = 32x , dw = 32dx
dx ,
x
a
2x
a 1
a 2 x dx
dx
3x
x
x
2 x x
dx
=
ax
a x a x = a 2 dx a 2 dx = a 2 dx a 2 dx
3x
x
3x
x
2 w
2 aw
au
2a 2
a 2
2 a 2
u
= a dw + 2 a du =
+2
+c =
+2
+c =
+ a 2)+c
(
a
a
a 3
3
3 a
3 a
=
ex
1
dx
Sea: u = , du = 2
2.76.- 2 dx ,
x
x
x
1
x
e
1
u
u
x
x 2 dx = e du = e + c = e x + c = e + c
dx
dx
2.77.- 5 x
,
Sea: u = x , du =
x
2 x
dx
2 5u
25 x
= 2 5u du =
+c =
+c
5
5
x
2.78.- x7 x dx ,
2
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
2
1 u
1 7u
1 7x
7
7
x
dx
=
du
=
+
c
=
+c
2
2 7
2 7
x2
2.79.-
et dt
,
et 1
Sea: u = et 1, du = et dt
46
et dt
du
t
et 1 = u = u + c = e 1 + c
2.80.- e x a be x dx ,
Sea: u = a be x , du = be x dx
3
1
1u 2
2 3
2
3
a be dx = udu =
+ c = u 2 + c = (a be x ) 2 + c
3
3b
3b
b
b 2
ea
dx
a
x
4
4
x
x
x
1
1
au 3
3a(e a + 1) 3
3 xa
a
a
a
3
3
+c
(e + 1) e dx = e + 1e dx = a u du = 4 + c =
4
3
dx
2.82.- x
,
Sea: u = 2 x + 3, du = 2 x 2dx
2 +3
dx
1 3dx
1 2x + 3 2x
1 2x + 3
1
2x
1
1 du
=
=
dx
=
dx
dx = dx
x
x
2x + 3 3 2x + 3 3 2x + 3
3 2 +3
3 2 +3
3
3 u
x
2 +3
1
1
1
1
1
= x u +c = x
u +c = x
+c
3
3
3
3 2
3
3 2
2.81.- (e a + 1) 3 e a dx ,
x
Sea: u = e
a +1
, du =
a x dx
,
Sea: u = a x , du = a x adx; a > 0
2x
1+ a
x
a dx
a x dx
1
du
1
1
x
=
1 + a 2 x 1 + (a x )2 = a 1 + u 2 = a arc gu + c = a arc ga + c
2.83.-
e bx
Sea: u = e bx , du = be bx dx
dx ,
1 e2bx
e bx
e bx
1 du
1
du
1
u 1
dx
=
1 e2bx
1 (ebx )2 dx = b 1 u 2 = b (1)(u 2 1) = 2b u + 1 + c
2.84.-
1
e bx 1
bx
+c.
2b
e +1
et dt
2.85.-
1 e
e dt
1 e
2t
2t
Sea: u = et , du = et dt
et dt
1 (e )
t 2
du
1 u
x
dx
, du =
2
2
x
x
cos 2 dx = 2 cos udu = 2 s e n u + c = 2 s e n 2 + c
2.87.- s e n(a + bx)dx ,
Sea: u = a + bx, du = bdx
2.86.- cos
x
dx ,
2
= arcs e n u + c = arcs e n et + c
Sea: u =
2.88.- cos x
dx
,
x
Sea: u = x , du =
dx
2 x
dx
= 2 cos udu = 2s e n u + c = 2s e n x + c
x
dx
dx
2.89.- s e n( x) ,
Sea: u = x, du =
x
x
dx
s e n( x) x = s e n udu = cos u + c = cos x + c
Sea: u = 2ax, du = 2adx
2.90.- (cos ax + s e n ax) 2 dx ,
cos
1
cos 2ax + c
2a
2.91.- s e n 2 xdx ,
= x
sen
xdx =
Sea: u = 2 x, du = 2dx
1 cos 2 x
1
1
1
1
1
1
dx = dx cos 2 xdx = dx cos udu = x s e n u + c
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
1
1
x s e n 2x + c
2
4
2.92.- cos 2 xdx ,
=
cos
xdx =
Sea: u = 2 x, du = 2dx
1 + cos 2 x
1
1
1
1
1
1
dx = dx + cos 2 xdx = dx + cos udu = x + s e n u + c
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
1
1
x + s e n 2x + c
2
4
2.93.- sec 2 (ax + b)dx ,
=
Sea: u = ax + b, du = adx
1
1
udu = gu + c = g (ax + b) = + c
a
a
Sea: u = ax, du = adx
co gu u
co gax a x
co gax
+c =
+c =
x+c
a
a
a
a
a
dx
2.95.-
,
Sea: u = x a , du = dx a
s e n ax
dx
s e n ax = cos ec ax dx = a cos ecudu = a cos ecu co gu + c
=
= a cos ec x a co g x a + c
48
dx
,
Sea: u = 5 x , du = 5dx
4
3cos(5 x 4 )
dx
1
1
1
3cos(5 x 4 ) = 3 sec(5 x 4 )dx = 15 sec udu = 15 sec u + gu + c
1
=
sec(5 x 4 ) + g (5 x 4 ) + c
15
dx
,
Sea: u = ax + b, du = adx
2.97.-
s e n(ax + b)
dx
1
1
s e n(ax + b) = cos ec(ax + b)dx = a cos ecudu = a cos ecu co gu + c
1
= cos ec(ax + b) co g (ax + b) + c
a
xdx
2.98.-
,
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
cos 2 x 2
xdx
1
1
1
2 2
2
2
cos2 x2 = x sec x dx = 2 sec udu = 2 gu + c = 2 gx + c
x
x
dx
Sea: u =
2.99.- co g
dx ,
, du =
a b
a b
a b
x
x
co g a b dx = (a b) co gudu = (a b) s e n u + c = (a b) s e n a b + c
dx
dx
2.100.- g x
,
Sea: u = x , du =
x
2 x
dx
g x x = 2 gudu = 2 sec u + c = 2 sec x + c
dx
2.101.-
,
Sea: u = x , du = dx
5
5
g 5x
dx
g x = co g 5x dx = 5 co gudu = 5 s e n u + c = 5 s e n x 5 + c
2.96.-
2.102.-
1 dx ,
sen x 2
Sea: u = x 2, du = 2dx
2
2
s e n x 2 1 dx = (cos ecx 2 1) dx = (cos ec x 2 2 cos ecx 2 + 1)dx
1
2
= cos ec 2 x 2dx 2 cos ecx 2dx + dx =
cos ec 2udu
cos ecudu + dx
2
2
1
=
co gu 2 cos ecu co gu + x + c
2
1
=
co gx 2 2 cos ecx 2 co gx 2 + x + c
2
49
dx
,
Sea: u = 2 x, du = 2dx
s e n x cos x
dx
dx
s e n x cos x = 1 s e n 2 x = 2 cos ec2 xdx = cos ecudu = cos ecu co gu + c
2
= cos ec 2 x co g 2 x + c
2.103.-
cos ax
Sea: u = s e n ax, du = a cos axdx
dx ,
s e n 5 ax
cos ax
1 du 1 u 4
u 4
s e n 4 ax
1
=
=
+
=
+
=
+c =
+c
dx
c
c
s e n 5 ax a u 5 a 4
4a
4a
4a s e n 4 ax
2.104.-
t s e n(1 2t
)dt =
Sea: u = 1 2t 2 , du = 4tdt
1
1
1
s e n udu = cos u + c = cos(1 2t 2 ) + c
4
4
4
s e n 3x
dx ,
Sea: u = 3 + cos 3x, du = 3s e n 3xdx
3 + cos 3x
s e n 3x
1 du
1
1
3 + cos 3xdx = 3 u = 3 u + c = 3 3 + cos 3x + c
Sea: u = g ( x 3 ), du = 13 sec2 ( x 3 )dx
2.107.- g 3 3x sec 2 3x dx ,
2.106.-
3
2
3
g 3x sec 3x dx = 3 u du =
3u 4
3 g 4 ( x 3 )
+c =
+c
4
4
s e n x cos x
2.108.-
=
=
=
+ c = u 2 + c = g 2x + c
cos2 x
3
3
3
2
Sea: u = 2 x , du = 2dx
2.110.- cos ax s e n ax dx ,
a
1
a
a
a
cos ax s e n ax dx = 2 s e n 2ax dx = 4 s e n udu = 4 cos u + c = 4 cos 2ax + c
2.111.- t co g (2t 2 3)dt ,
Sea: u = 2t 3 3, du = 4tdt
t co g (2t
3)dt =
1
1
1
co gudu = s e n u + c = s e n(2t 2 3) + c
4
4
4
50
x 3 dx
,
Sea: u = x 4 , du = 4 x3 dx
8
x +5
3
x dx
x3 dx
1
du
1 1
u
5
x4
=
=
=
g
+
c
=
g
+c
arc
arc
x8 + 5 ( x 4 )2 + ( 5)2 4 u 2 + ( 5)2 4 5
20
5
5
2.112.-
1 3
1 u4
u4
s e n4 6x
u
du
=
+
c
=
+
c
=
+c
6
6 4
24
24
5 + 3cos 2 x
2.114.- 1 + 3cos 2 x s e n 2 xdx ,
Sea: u =
, du = 3s e n 2 xdx
2
1 + cos 2 x
3 + 3cos 2 x
2
1 + 3cos x s e n 2 xdx = 1 + 3( 2 ) s e n 2 xdx = 1 + 2 s e n 2 xdx
3
s e n 6 x cos 6 xdx =
5 + 3cos 2 x
1 1
1u 2
2 3
s e n 2 xdx = u 2 du =
+c = u 2 +c
3
2
3
3
9
2
3
2 5 + 3cos 2 x 2
=
+c
9
2
2.115.- x 5 5 x 2 dx ,
Sea: u = 5 x 2 , du = 2 xdx
1 15
1u5
5 65
5(5 x 2 ) 5
x 5 x dx = 2 u du = 2 6 + c = 12 u + c = 12 + c
5
1 + s e n 3x
2.116.-
Sea: u = s e n 3x, du = 3dx; w = cos u, dw = s e n udu
dx ,
cos 2 3x
1 + s e n 3x
dx
s e n 3x
1
1 senu
2
cos2 3x dx = cos2 3x + cos2 3xdx = 3 s ec udu + 3 cos2 u du
1
1 dw 1
1
1
1
1
1
= s ec 2udu 2 = gu +
+ c = gu +
+ c = g 3x +
+c
3
3 w
3
3w
3
3cos u
3
3cos 3x
(cos ax + s e n ax) 2
2.117.-
Sea: u = ax, du = adx
dx ,
s e n ax
(cos ax + s e n ax) 2
cos 2 ax + 2 cos ax s e n ax + s e n 2 ax
=
dx
dx
s e n ax
s e n ax
6
cos 2 ax
cos ax s e n ax
s e n 2 ax
=
dx + 2
dx +
dx
s e n ax
s e n ax
s e n ax
1 s e n 2 ax
=
dx + 2 cos axdx + s e n axdx
s e n ax
dx
=
+ 2 cos axdx
s e n ax
1
2
= cos ecaxdx + 2 cos axdx = cos ecudu + cos udu
a
a
51
1
2
1
2
cos ecu co gu + s e n u + c = cos ecax co gax + s e n ax + c
a
a
a
a
x3 1
2.118.-
Sea: u = x + 1, du = dx
dx ,
x +1
x3 1
2
2
2
2
x + 1 dx = ( x x + 1 x + 1)dx = x dx xdx + dx x + 1 dx
du x3 x 2
= x 2 dx xdx + dx 2
= + x 2 x +1 + c
u
3 2
2
cos ec 3xdx
2.119.-
,
Sea: u = b a co g 3 x, du = 3a cos ec 2 3 xdx
b a co g 3 x
=
cos ec 2 3 xdx
1 du 1
1
b a co g 3x = 3a u = 3a u + c = 3a b a co g 3x + c
x3 1
Sea: u = x 4 4 x + 1, du = (4 x3 4)dx
dx ,
4
x 4x + 1
3
x 1
1 (4 x3 4)dx 1 du 1
1
4
dx
=
x4 4 x + 1 4 x4 4 x + 1 = 4 u = 4 u + c = 4 x 4 x + 1 + c
2
2.121.- xe x dx ,
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
2.120.-
xe
x2
dx =
2.122.-
1 u
1
1 2
e du = eu + c = e x + c
2
2
2
3 2 + 3x2
dx ,
2 + 3x 2
Sea: u = x 3, du = 3dx; a = 2
3 2 + 3x 2
dx
(2 + 3x 2 ) 2
2 + 3x 2 dx = 3 ( 2)2 + ( 3x)2 2 + 3x 2 dx
1
(2 + 3x 2 )
3
3dx
3
3dx
1
(2 + 3x 2 ) 2 dx
dx =
2
2
2
2
2
3 ( 2) + ( 3 x)
3 ( 2) + ( 3 x)
2 + 3x
3
du
du
dx
1
=
(2 + 3 x 2 ) 2 dx = 3 2
2
2
2
(a ) + (u )
3 (a) + (u )
( 2) 2 + ( x 3) 2
2
du
1
du
3
u 1
=
u + a2 + u2 + c
arc g
2
2
2
a
a
(a ) + (u )
3
3
a +u
3
x 3
3
=
x 3 + 2 + 3 + x2 + c
arc g
3
2
2
g 3 x co g 3x
2.123.-
Sea: u = 3x, du = 3dx; w = s e n u, dw = cos udu
dx ,
s e n 3x
s e n 3 x cos 3 x
g 3 x co g 3 x
dx
cos 3 x
cos 3x s e n 3x dx =
=
dx
s e n 3x
s e n 3x
cos 3x s e n 2 3xdx
= 3
52
= sec 3xdx
cos 3x
1
1 cos u
1
1 dw
dx = sec udu
du = sec udu 2
2
2
s e n 3x
3
3 sen u
3
3 w
1
1 w1
1
1
sec u + gu
+ c = sec 3x + g 3 x +
+c
3
3 1
3
3s e n 3x
dx
x
dx
2.124.-
,
Sea: u = , du =
2
2
ex
dx
dx
x
2
2
x
u
u
e x = (e x ) 12 = e 2 dx = 2 e du = 2e + c = 2e 2 + c = e x 2 + c = e x + c
1+ s e n x
Sea: u = x + cos x, du = (1 s e n x)dx
2.125.-
dx ,
x + cos x
1+ s e n x
du
x + cos x dx = u = u + c = x + cos x + c
sec 2 xdx
2.126.-
,
Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx
2
g x2
=
sec 2 xdx
g x2
2
2.127.-
dx
dx
x x
2
du
u 2
2
= u + u 2 2 + c = gx + gx 2 2 + c
Sea: u = x, du =
dx
du u 1
1
1
=
=
+c = +c =
+c
2
2
x( x)
u
u
1
x
sen x
dx
2
as e n x
cos xdx = a du =
+c =
+c
a
a
2.129.-
x2
x +1
3
dx ,
Sea: u = x3 + 1, du = 3 x 2 dx
3
( x 2 + 1) 2
u3
( x 2 + 1) 3
x 2 dx
1 du 1 u 3
x3 + 1 = ( x3 + 1) 13 = 3 u 13 = 3 2 + c = 2 + c = 2 + c = 2 + c
3
xdx
2.130.-
,
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
4
1 x
xdx
xdx
1
2 xdx
1
2 xdx
1
1 x 4 = 1 ( x2 )2 = 2 1 ( x 2 )2 = 2 1 (u)2 = 2 arcs e n u + c
2
x dx
1
= arcs e n x 2 + c
2
2.131.- g 2 axdx ,
53
g axdx = (sec
2
1
= gax x + c
a
sec 2 xdx
2.132.-
,
4 g 2 x
sec 2 xdx
1
1
sec 2 udu dx = gu x + c
a
a
u
gx
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n
+c
2
2
2 u
du
4 g x
dx
2.133.-
,
Sea: u = x , du = dx
a
a
cos x a
dx
cos x a = sec x a dx = a secudu = a sec u + gu + c = a sec x a + g x a + c
2
2.134.-
1+ x
dx ,
x
Sea: u = 1 + x, du =
dx
x
1+ x
u3
3u 3
3(1 + x) 3
1
+c
x dx = u 3 du = 4 + c = 4 + c =
4
3
dx
dx
,
Sea: u = x 1, du =
2.135.- g x 1
x 1
2 x 1
dx
du
g x 1 x 1 = 2 gu u = 2 sec x 1 + c = 2 cos x 1 + c
xdx
2.136.-
,
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
s e n x2
xdx
1 du
1
1
s e n x 2 = 2 s e n u = 2 cos ecudu = 2 cos ecu co gu + c
1
= cos ecx 2 co gx 2 + c
2
s e n x cos x
Sea: u = s e n x + cos x, du = (cos x s e n x)dx
2.137.-
dx ,
s e n x + cos x
s e n x cos x
du
s e n x + cos xdx = u = s e n x + cos x + c
earc gx + x (1 + x 2 ) + 1
dx
2 xdx
2.138.-
, Sea: u = arc gx, du =
; w = (1 + x 2 )d , dw =
2
2
1+ x
1+ x
1 + x2
earc gx + x (1 + x 2 ) + 1
earc gx dx
x (1 + x 2 )dx
dx
=
+
+
2
2
2
1+ x
1+ x
1+ x
1 + x2
1
dx
1 w2
2 (1 + x 2 )
u
u
= eu du + wdw +
=
e
+
+
gx
+
c
=
e
+
+ arc gx + c
arc
2
1 + x2
2 2
4
3
x 2 dx
,
2.139.- 2
x 2
54
2
1
x 2 dx
dx
x 2
x2 2 = (1 + x2 2 )dx = dx + 2 x2 2 = x + 2 2 2 x + 2 + c
= x+
2
x 2
+c
2
x+ 2
2.140.- es e n x s e n 2 xdx ,
Sea: u =
sen x
e s e n 2 xdx = e
2
2.141.-
(1 s e n
sen
1 cos 2 x
2
x 2
2
x
2
1 cos 2 x
, du = s e n 2 xdx
2
s e n 2 xdx = eu du = eu + c = es e n x + c
2
Sea: u =
dx ,
x
dx
, du =
2
2
1 2s e n x2 + s e n 2 x2
dx
=
dx = cos ec x2 dx 2 dx + s e n x2 dx
sen x
x
sen 2
2
(1 s e n
x 2
2
= 2 cos ec
4 3x
5 3x
4 3x
co g
5 3x
2.142.-
x
2
dx = 5
x
2
2 x 2 cos
+c
dx ,
dx
4 3x
x
2
xdx
4 3x
dx
= 5
4 ( x 3) 2
xdx
4 3x2
5
du
3 dw
5
u 1w2
5 3
x 3
arcs
n
arcs e n
=
+
=
e
+
+c =
+ 4 3x 2 + c
2
2
6
2 2 1
3
2
w
3
3
2 u
2
ds
,
Sea: u = 1 + e s , du = e s ds
e +1
ds
e s ds
du
s
=
e s + 1 e s + 1 = u = u + c = e + 1 + c
d
2.144.-
,
Sea: u = 2a , du = 2ad
s e n a cos a
d
d
2
s e n a cos a = 12 s e n 2a = 2 cos ec2a d = 2a cos ecudu
1
1
= cos ecu co gu + c = cos ec 2a co g 2a + c
a
a
s
e
2.145.-
Sea: u = e s , du = e s ds
ds ,
2s
e 2
s
e
es
du
2
=
ds
e2 s 2 (es )2 2 ds = u 2 2 = u + u 2 + c
2.143.-
= e s + (e s ) 2 2 + c = e s + e 2 s 2 + c
55
2 t
2 t
+ 0 , du =
dt
T
T
T
T
T
2 t
s e n( 2T t + 0 )dt = 2 s e n udu = 2 cos u + c = 2 cos( T + 0 ) + c
arc cos x 2
x
dx
Sea: u = arc cos , du =
2.147.-
dx ,
2
2
4 x2
4 x
arc cos x 2
u2
(arc cos x 2 ) 2
dx
=
udu
=
+
c
=
+c
4 x2
2
2
dx
dx
2.148.-
,
Sea: u = x, du =
2
x(4 x)
x
2.146.- s e n( 2T t + 0 )dt ,
Sea: u =
dx
du
1
2+u
1
2 + x
= 2
=
+c =
+c
2
2
2 u
4
2u
4
2 x
x)
x 2 ( x)
Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx
2.149.- e gx sec 2 xdx ,
dx
x(4
e
gx
sec 2 xdx = eu du = eu + c = e gx + c
2.150.-
s e n x cos x
dx ,
2sen x
s e n x cos x
s e n x cos x
1
du
1
u
dx =
dx =
= arcs e n
+c
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2sen x
2 (s e n x)
2u
4
1
(s e n 2 x)
= arcs e n
+c
2
2
s ecx gx
2.151.-
Sea: u = sec x, du = sec x gxdx
dx ,
s ec 2 x + 1
s ecx gx
du
2
2
s ec 2 x + 1dx = u 2 + 1 = u + u + 1 + c = s ecx + s ec x + 1 + c
dt
2.152.-
,
Sea: u = 2t , du = 2dt
2
s e n t cos 2 t
dt
dt
dt
dt
2
s e n 2 t cos2 t = (s e n t cos t )2 = ( 1 s e n 2t )2 = 4 s e n 2 2t = 4 cos ec 2tdt
2
= 2 cos ec 2udu = 2 co gu + c = 2 co g 2t + c
2.153.-
Sea:
arc s e n x + x
1 x2
dx ,
u = arcs e n x, du =
dx
; w = 1 x 2 , dw = 2 xdx
1 x
arc s e n x + x
arc s e n x
x
1 dw
1 1
1 x 2 dx = 1 x 2 dx + 1 x2 dx = udu 2 w = udu 2 w 2 dw
2
56
u2 1 w 2
(arcs e n x) 2
=
+c =
1 x2 + c
2 2 1
2
2
xdx
,
Sea: t = x + 1 x = t 2 1; dx = 2tdt
2.154.-
x +1
2 ( x + 1)3
xdx
(t 2 1)2tdt
t3
2
=
=
2
(
t
1)
dt
=
2(
t
)
+
c
=
2 x +1 + c
x +1 t
3
3
Sea: u = 5 x 2 3, du = 10 xdx
2.155.- x(5 x 2 3)7 dx ,
2
7
x(5 x 3) dx =
1
1 u8
u8
(5 x 2 3)8
7
u
du
=
+
c
=
+
c
=
+c
10
10 8
80
80
( x + x 2 + 1)
2.156.-
x +1
2
( x + x 2 + 1)
x2 + 1
dx ,
dx =
Sea: u = ( x + x 2 + 1), du =
( x + x 2 + 1)
x2 + 1
dx
x2 + 1
dx = udu =
u2
+c
3
2
2 ( x + x 2 + 1)
=
+c
3
s e n3 x
2.157.-
Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx
dx ,
cos x
s e n3 x
s e n 2 x s e n xdx
(1 cos 2 x) s e n xdx
s e n xdx
cos 2 x s e n xdx
dx
=
=
=
cos x
cos x
cos x
cos x
cos x
3
5
2
2
3
3
u
u
1
1
= cos 2 x s e n xdx cos 2 x s e n xdx = u 2 du + u 2 du =
+
+c
3
5
2
2
3
2u 2 2u 2
2 cos x 2 2 cos x 2
2 cos3 x 2 cos5 x
+
+c =
+
+c =
+
+c
3
5
3
5
3
5
cos xdx
,
2.158.-
1+ s e n2 x
=
(arcs e n x) 2
1 x2
(arcs e n x) 2
dx ,
dx = u 2 du =
1 x2
2.150.- e x + e dx ,
x
Sea: u = arcs e n x, du =
dx
1 x2
u3
(arcs e n x)3
+c =
+c
3
3
Sea: u = ee , du = ee e x dx
x
57
x+ex
dx = e x ee dx = du = u + c = ee + c
x
u 1
, du = 4dt
4
u 1 7 du 1
1
1 u9 1 u8
7
7
8
7
t
(4
t
1)
dt
u
(
u
1)
u
du
(
u
u
)
du
+
=
=
+c
4 4 16
16
16 9 16 8
(4t + 1)9 (4t + 1)8
=
+c
144
128
2t 2 10t + 12
2.162.-
dt ,
Sea: u = t 2 + 4, du = du = 2tdt
t2 + 4
2t 2 10t + 12
t 2 5t + 6
dt
dt
2 5t
dt
2
=
t2 + 4
t 2 + 4 dt = 2 1 + t 2 + 4 dt = 2 dt + 4 t 2 + 4 10 t 2 + 4
dt
du
= 2 dt + 4 2
5
= 2t + 2 arc g 2t 5 u + c = 2t + 2 arc g 2t 5 t 2 + 4 + c
t +4
u
et e t
2.163.- t
dt ,
e + et
Sea: u = e 2t + 1, du = 2e 2t dt ; w = 1 + e 2t , dw = 2e2t dt
Sea: u = 4t + 1 t =
et e t
et dt
e t dt
e 2t dt
e 2t dt 1 du 1 dw
dt
=
et + et et + et et + et e2t + 1 1 + e2t = 2 u + 2 w
1
1
1
= ( u + w ) + c = uw + c = (e2t + 1)(1 + e 2t ) + c
2
2
2
58
CAPITULO 3
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES TRIGONOMETRICAS
En esta parte, sern consideradas las integrales trigonomtricas de la forma:
i) s e n m u cos n udu
ii) g mu secn udu
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
3.1.-Encontrar: cos 2 xdx
1 + cos 2 x
2
1 + cos 2 x
1
1
x 1
Luego: cos 2 xdx =
dx = dx + cos 2 xdx = + s e n 2 x + c ,
2
2
2
2 4
1
Como: cosh xdx = s e nh x + c
h
1
1
Respuesta: cos 2 xdx = x + s e n 2 x + c
2
4
4 1
3.2.-Encontrar: cos 2 xdx
Solucin.- cos 2 12 x =
1 + cos x
2
1
1 + cos x
2
Luego: cos 4 12 xdx = (cos 2 12 x) 2 dx =
dx = (1 + 2 cos x + cos x)dx
2
4
1
1
1
= dx + cos xdx + cos 2 xdx , como: cos 2 xdx = 1 x + 1 s e n 2 x + c
2
4
4
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
= dx + cos xdx + cos 2 xdx = x + s e n x + ( x + s e n 2 x) + c
4
2
4
4
2
4 2
4
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
= x + s e n x + x + s e n 2x + c = x + s e n x + s e n 2x + c
4
2
8
16
8
2
16
3
1
1
4 1
Respuesta: cos 2 xdx = x + s e n x + s e n 2 x + c
8
2
16
3
3.3.-Encontrar: cos xdx
2
59
= cos x cos 2 xdx = cos x(1 s e n 2 x)dx = cos xdx cos x s e n 2 xdx
u3
s e n3 x
+ c = sen x
+c
3
3
s e n3 x
+c
3
3.4.-Encontrar: s e n x3 4 xdx
Solucin.- s e n x3 4 xdx = s e n 4 x s e n 2 4 xdx , como: s e n 2 4 x = 1 cos 2 4 x
1 2
1
1 u3
cos 4 x cos3 4 x
u
du
cos
4
x
c
=
+
+
=
+
+c
4
4
4 3
4
12
cos 4 x cos3 4 x
Respuesta: s e n x3 4 xdx =
+
+c
4
12
3.5.-Encontrar: s e n 2 x cos3 xdx
= s e n 4 xdx +
u3 u5
s e n3 x s e n5 x
+c =
+c
3 5
3
5
s e n3 x s e n5 x
Respuesta: s e n 2 x cos3 xdx =
+c
3
5
3.6.-Encontrar: s e n 3 x cos 2 xdx
= u 2 du u 4 du =
u3 u5
+ +c
3 5
cos3 x cos5 x
+
+c
3
5
cos3 x cos5 x
+
+c
3
5
60
u3
u5 u7
s e n3 x
s e n5 x s e n7 x
2 + +c =
2
+
+c
3
5 7
3
5
7
s e n3 x
s e n5 x s e n7 x
Respuesta: s e n 2 x cos5 xdx =
2
+
+c
3
5
7
3.8.-Encontrar: s e n 3 x cos3 xdx
= u 2 du 2 u 4 du + u 6 du =
s e n 2x
; Luego:
2
3
1
1
s e n 2x
3
2
= (s e n x cos x) dx =
dx = s e n 2 xdx = s e n 2 x s e n 2 xdx
8
8
2
1
1
1
= s e n 2 x(1 cos 2 2 x)dx = s e n 2 xdx s e n 2 x(cos 2 x) 2 dx
8
8
8
Sea: u = cos 2 x, du = 2s e n 2 xdx
1
1
1
1
= s e n 2 xdx + 2s e n 2 x(cos 2 x) 2 dx = s e n 2 xdx + u 2 du
8
16
8
16
3
3
1
1 u
1
cos 2 x
= cos 2 x +
+ c = cos 2 x +
+c
16
16 3
16
48
1
cos3 2 x
Respuesta: s e n 3 x cos3 xdx = cos 2 x +
+c
16
48
3.9.-Encontrar: s e n 4 x cos 4 xdx
3
1
s e n 2x
4
Solucin.- s e n 4 x cos 4 xdx = (s e n x cos x) 4 dx =
dx = s e n 2 xdx
16
2
2
2
1
1 1 cos 4 x
1
(s e n 2 2 x) dx =
(1 cos 4 x) dx
dx =
16
16
2
16 4
1
1
1
1
(1 2 cos 4 x + cos 2 4 x)dx =
=
dx cos 4 xdx + cos 2 4 xdx
64
64
32
64
1
1
1 1 + cos8 x
=
dx cos 4 xdx +
dx
64
32
64
2
1
1
1
1
=
dx cos 4 xdx +
dx +
cos8 xdx
64
32
128
128
1
1
1
1
3x s e n 4 x s e n 8 x
s e n 4x +
s e n 8x + c =
=
x
x+
+
+c
64
128
128
1024
128
128
1024
1
s e n 8x
Respuesta: s e n 4 x cos 4 xdx =
3x s e n 4 x +
+c
128
8
3.10.-Encontrar: x(cos3 x 2 s e n 3 x 2 )dx ;
Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
2
61
1
1
2 x(cos3 x 2 s e n 3 x 2 )dx = (cos3 u s e n 3 u )du
2
2
1
1
1
1
= cos3 udu s e n 3 udu = cos u cos 2 udu s e n u s e n 2 udu
2
2
2
2
1
1
= cos u (1 s e n 2 u )du s e n u (1 cos 2 u )du
2
2
1
1
1
1
= cos udu cos u s e n 2 udu s e n udu + s e n u cos 2 udu
2
2
2
2
Sea: w = s e n u, dw = cos udu; z = cos u, dz = s e n udu
x(cos
x 2 s e n 3 x 2 )dx =
1
1
1
1 2
1
1 w3 1
1 z3
2
cos
udu
w
dw
s
e
n
udu
z
dz
s
e
n
u
cos
u
+c
2
2
2
2
2
2 3 2
2 3
s e n u s e n 3 u cos u cos3 u
1
1
=
+ c = (s e n u + cos u ) (s e n 3 u + cos3 u ) + c
2
6
2
6
2
6
3
3
2
Dado que: s e n u + cos u = (s e n u + cos u )(s e n u s e n u cos u + cos 2 )
=
1
[s e n( ) + s e n( + )] ; Se tiene que:
2
1
1
s e n 2 x cos 4 x = [s e n(2 x 4 x) + s e n(2 x + 4 x) ] = [s e n(2 x) + s e n(6 x) ]
2
2
1
1
= [ s e n 2 x + s e n 6 x ] , Luego: s e n 2 x cos 4 xdx = ( s e n 2 x + s e n 6 x)dx
2
2
1
1
1
1
= s e n 2 xdx + s e n 6 xdx = cos 2 x cos 6 x + c
2
2
4
12
1
1
Respuesta: s e n 2 x cos 4 xdx = cos 2 x cos 6 x + c
4
12
Solucin.- s e n cos =
62
1
[ cos( ) cos( + )] ; Se tiene que:
2
1
1
s e n 5 x s e n x = [ cos(5 x x) cos(5 x + x) ] = [ cos 4 x cos 6 x ] ; Luego:
2
2
1
1
1
= s e n 5 x s e n xdx = [ cos 4 x cos 6 x ] = cos 4 xdx cos 6 xdx
2
2
2
1
1
= s e n 4x s e n 6x + c
8
12
1
1
Respuesta: s e n 5 x s e n xdx = s e n 4 x s e n 6 x + c
8
12
4
3.14.-Encontrar: g xdx
Solucin.- s e n s e n =
s e n2 x
1 cos 2 x
2
2
(
)
sec
dx
gx
xdx
=
cos2 x dx
cos 2 x
Sea: w = gx, dw = sec 2 xdx
= ( gx) 2 sec 2 xdx sec 2 xdx + dx ;
w3
g3
gx + x + c =
gx + x + c
3
3
g3
Respuesta: g 4 xdx =
gx + x + c
3
3.15.-Encontrar: sec6 xdx
= w2 dw sec 2 x + dx =
63
2
1
2
1
= sec 2 xdx + 2 u 2 du + u 4 du = gx + u 3 + u 5 + c = gx + g 3 x + g 5 x + c
3
5
3
5
2
1
Respuesta: sec6 xdx = gx + g 3 x + g 5 x + c
3
5
3
3.16.-Encontrar: g 2 xdx
Solucin.3
2
2
2
g 2 xdx = g 2 x g 2 xdx = g 2 x(sec 2 x 1)dx = g 2 x sec 2 xdx g 2 xdx
Luego:
1
1u 1
g 2 2x 1
1
+
=
+c
udu
g
2
xdx
sec
2
x
c
2
2 2 2
4
2
cos 2 x
2
Respuesta: g 3 2 xdx =
g 2 2x 1
4
1
+c
cos 2 x
3.17.-Encontrar: g 5 xdx
2
1
Solucin.- g 2 5 xdx = (sec 2 5 x 1)dx = sec 2 5 xdx dx = g 5 x x + c
5
1
Respuesta: g 2 5 xdx = g 5 x x + c
5
3
3.18.-Encontrar: g 3x sec 3xdx
= (sec 3 x) 2 g 3 x sec 3 xdx g 3 x sec 3 xdx ; Sea: u = sec 3x, du = 3sec 3x g 3xdx
1 2
1
u du 3 g 3 x sec 3 xdx ; como: d (sec 3x) = 3 g 3x sec 3xdx , se admite:
3
3
1 2
1
1
1
1
1
u du d (sec3 x) = u 3 sec3 x + c = sec3 3 x sec3 x + c
3
3
9
3
9
3
1
1
Respuesta: g 3 3x sec 3xdx = sec3 3x sec 3x + c
9
3
3
4
2
3.19.-Encontrar: g x sec xdx
Luego:
3
7
2 5 2 9
2 5
2 9
Luego: u 2 du + u 2 du = u 2 + u 2 + c = g 2 x + g 2 + c
5
9
5
9
3
2 5
2 9
Respuesta: g 2 x sec4 xdx = g 2 x + g 2 + c
5
9
4
4
3.20.-Encontrar: g x sec xdx
64
g5x g7 x
u5 u7
+ +c =
+
+c
5 7
5
7
g5x g7x
Respuesta: g 4 x sec 4 xdx =
+
+c
5
7
3.21.-Encontrar: co g 3 x co sec 4 xdx
Luego: u 4 du + u 6 du =
co g
+c
4 6
4
6
co g 4 x co g 6 x
Respuesta: co g 3 x co sec 4 xdx =
+c
4
6
3.22.-Encontrar: co g 3x co sec 4 3xdx
3
co g 3x(1 + co g
Luego:
1
1 3
u u
co g 3x co g 4 3x
udu
u
du
c
+
=
+c
3
3
6 12
6
12
co g 2 3x co g 4 3x
Respuesta: co g 3x co sec 4 3xdx =
+c
6
12
3.23.-Encontrar: co sec 4 2 xdx
2
co sec
1 2
1
u3
co g 2 x co g 3 2 x
co
2
u
du
=
g
x
+
c
=
+c
2
2
3
2
6
co g 2 x co g 3 2 x
Respuesta: co sec 4 2xdx =
+c
2
6
3.24.-Encontrar: co g 3 x co sec3 xdx
Como: co g 2 x = co sec 2 x 1 ;
65
u5 u3
cos ec5 x cos ec3 x
+ +c =
+
+c
5 3
5
3
cos ec5 x cos ec3 x
Respuesta: co g 3 x co sec3 xdx =
+
+c
5
3
3.25.-Encontrar: co g 3 xdx
Entonces: u 4 du + u 2 du =
u2
co g 2 x
sen x + c =
sen x + c
2
2
co g 2 x
Respuesta: co g 3 xdx =
sen x + c
2
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Usando esencialmente el mecanismo tratado, encontrar las siguientes integrales:
dx
3.26.- g 2 5 xdx
3.27.- s e n x cos xdx
3.28.-
sec 2 x
3
cos 2 x
3.31.- g 2 3x sec 2 3x dx
3.30.- cos x s e n xdx
3.29.-
dx
cos x
s e n 2x
3.33.- s e n 2 6x dx
3.32.- g 3 4 x sec 4 xdx
dx
3.34.-
sen x
3.36.- sec3 4x g 4x dx
3.37.- g 4 2 x sec 4 2 xdx
3.35.- (sec x + cos ecx) 2 dx
3.38.- s e n 8 x s e n 3 xdx
4
sec x
3.41.-
dx
gx
3.44.- ( g 3 3x + g 4 3x )dx
3.42.-
dx
5
s e n x cos x
dx
3.50.-
cos 6 4 x
3.48.-
cos3 x
dx
s e n4 x
3.45.- co g 3 3x dx
3.46.- co g 4 6x dx
3.49.-
3.53.- s e n 5 2x dx
cos 2 x
dx
s e n6 x
cos3 x
3.51.-
dx
1 s e n x
3.54.- 1 cos xdx
3.56.- s e n 3 2x cos5 2x dx
3.59.-
3.60.-
3.47.-
1 cos 2 x
dx
1 + cos 2 x
cos3 x
dx
sen x
3.63.- cos 4 xdx
dx
s e n x cos 4 x
2
3.52.- cos3 7x dx
3.55.-
dx
cos ec 4
x
3
3.61.- s e n 3 2 xdx
66
3.66.- sec6 a d
s e n3 x
dx
cos 2 x
cos3 x
dx
3.72.-
s e n2 x
3.75.- s e n 6 xdx
3.81.- g n xdx
3.82.- g 4 xdx
3.69.-
3.78.- co g n axdx
3.73.-
dx
s e n4 x
3.76.- s e n 4 axdx
3.79.- co g 4 3 xdx
RESPUESTAS
1
3.26.- g 2 5 xdx = (sec 2 5 x 1)dx = sec 2 5 xdx + dx = g 5 x x + c
5
1
1
1
3.27.- s e n x cos xdx = 2s e n x cos xdx = s e n 2 xdx = cos 2 x + c
2
2
4
dx
1
3.28.-
= cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 x + c
sec 2 x
2
2
cos 2 x
cos x s e n 2 x
cos 2 x
s e n2 x
3.29.-
dx =
dx =
dx
dx
cos x
cos x
cos x
cos x
1 cos 2 x
dx
dx = cos xdx
+ cos xdx = 2 cos xdx sec xdx
cos x
cos x
= 2s e n x sec x + gx + c
= cos xdx
5
1
2 3 2 7
2
2
Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx ; Luego: u du + u du = u 2 + u 2 + c
3
7
2
3
2
7
2
2
= cos 2 + cos 2 + c =
cos3 x +
cos 7 x + c
3
7
3
7
2
2
= cos x cos x + cos x 3 cos x + c
3
7
1
3.31.- g 2 3x sec2 3x dx = ( g 3x ) 2 sec 2 3x dx ; Sea: u = g 3x , du = sec2 3x dx
3
2 x
2
3
3 x
x 2 1
3 ( g 3 ) 3 sec 3 dx = 3 u du = u + c = g 3 + c
67
1 2
1
1 u3 1
sec3 4 x sec 4 x
u
du
du
u
c
+
=
+c
4
4
4 3 4
12
4
1 cos 2 6x
1 cos 3x
1
1
3.33.- s e n 2 6x dx =
dx =
dx = dx cos 3x dx
2
2
2
2
1
3
= x s en 3x + c
2
2
s e n 2x
2 s e n x cos x
3.34.-
dx =
dx = 2 cos xdx = 2s e n x + c
sen x
sen x
=
3.35.- (sec x + cos ecx) 2 dx = (sec 2 x + 2sec x cos ecx + cos ec 2 x)dx
1
1
dx + cos ec 2 xdx
cos x s e n x
dx
dx
= sec 2 xdx + 2 2
+ cos ec 2 xdx = sec 2 xdx + 4
+ cos ec 2 xdx
2 cos x s e n x
s e n 2x
= sec 2 xdx + 4 cos ec 2 xdx + cos ec 2 xdx
= sec 2 xdx + 2 sec x cos ecxdx + cos ec 2 xdx = sec 2 xdx + 2
= gx + 4
cos ec 2 x co g 2 x co gx + c
= gx + 2 cos ec 2 x co g 2 x co gx + c
4sec3 4x
u3
+c =
+c
3
3
3.37.- g 4 2 x sec4 2 xdx = g 4 2 x(sec2 2 x) sec 2 2 xdx = g 4 2 x(1 + g 2 2 x) sec 2 2 xdx
Luego: 4 u 2 du = 4
Luego:
Sea: u = g 2 x, du = 2sec 2 2 xdx ,
1
1
1
1
= ( g 2 x) 4 2sec 2 2 xdx + ( g 2 x)6 2sec 2 2 xdx = u 4 du + u 6 du
2
2
2
2
5
7
5
7
1u 1u
g 2x g 2x
=
+
+c =
+
+c
2 5 2 7
10
14
3.38.- s e n 8 x s e n 3 xdx
Considerando: s e n s e n =
1
[cos( ) cos( + )]
2
1
(cos 5 x cos11x) ; Se tiene:
2
1
1
1
s e n 5 x s e n11x
= (cos 5 x cos11x)dx = cos 5 xdx cos11xdx =
+c
2
2
2
10
22
3.39.- cos 4 x cos 5 xdx
Luego: s e n 8 x s e n 3 x =
1
[cos( ) + cos( + )]
2
68
1
Luego: cos 4 x cos 5 x = (cos( x) + cos 9 x) ;
2
1
Como: cos( x) = cos x (cos x + cos 9 x) ; entonces:
2
1
1
1
cos 4 x cos 5 xdx = 2 ( cos x + cos 9 x)dx = 2 cos xdx + 2 cos 9 xdx
s e n x s e n 9x
=
+
+c
2
18
3.40.- s e n 2 x cos 3 xdx
Considerando: s e n cos =
1
[s e n( ) + s e n( + )]
2
1
[s e n( x) + s e n 5 x]
2
1
Como: s e n( x) = s e n x ( s e n x + s e n 5 x) ; entonces:
2
1
1
1
s e n 2 x cos 3xdx = 2 ( s e n x + s e n 5 x)dx = 2 s e n xdx + 2 s e n 5 xdx
1
1
= cos x cos 5 x + c
2
10
Luego: s e n 2 x cos 3x =
sec x
3.41.-
dx =
gx
4
1
=
=
dx
cos
ec
xdx = cos ec 2 x cos ec 2 xdx
sen x
sen x
cos x
= (1 + co g 2 x) cos ec 2 xdx = cos ec 2 xdx + co g 2 x cos ec 2 xdx
1
cos x
u3
co g 3 x
Luego: cos ec xdx u du = co gx + c = co gx
+c
3
3
cos3 x
cos3 x 1
3.42.-
dx
dx = co g 3 x cos ecxdx
=
4
3
sen x
sen x sen x
2
= (co g x) co gx cos ecxdx = (cos ec 2 x 1) co gx cos ecxdx =
2
u3
cos ec3 x
+u+c =
+ cos ecx + c
3
3
3.43.- cos ec 4 3xdx = (cos ec 2 3 x) cos ec 2 3 xdx = (1 + co g 2 3 x) cos ec 2 3 x) dx
Luego: u 2 du + du =
1 2
1
1 3
co g 3x co g 3 3x
u
du
co
g
3
x
u
c
=
+
=
+c
3
3
9
3
9
69
3.44.- ( g 3 3x + g 4 3x )dx = g 3 3x dx + g 4 3x dx = ( g 2 3x ) g 3x dx + ( g 2 3x ) g 2 3x dx
= (sec 2 3x 1) g 3x dx + (sec 2 3x 1) g 2 3x dx
= sec 2 3x g 3x dx g 3x dx + (sec 2 3x ) g 2 3x dx g 2 3x dx
1
Sea: u = g 3x , du = sec 2 3x dx
3
Luego: 3 udu g 3x dx + 3 u 2 du sec 2 3x dx + dx
3
3
= u 2 3 sec 3x + u 3 3 g 3x + x + c = g 2 3x 3 sec 3x + g 3 3x 3 g 3x + x + c
2
2
3 x
2 x
x
3.45.- co g 3 dx = (co g 3 ) co g 3 dx = (cos ec 2 3x 1) co g 3x dx
1
= cos ec 2 3x co g 3x dx co g 3x dx ; Sea: u = cos ec 3x , du = cos ec 3x co g 3x dx
3
x
x
x
x
Luego: 3 (cos ec 3 )( 1 cos ec 3 co g 3 )dx co g 3 dx = 3 udu co g 3x dx
3
2
3cos ec 2 3x
3u
x
=
3 sen 3 + c =
3 s e n 3x + c
2
2
3.46.- co g 4 6x dx = (co g 2 6x ) co g 2 6x dx = (cos ec 2 6x 1) co g 2 6x dx
= cos ec 2 6x co g 2 6x dx co g 2 6x dx = cos ec 2 6x co g 2 6x dx (cos ec 2 6x 1)dx
= cos ec 2 6x co g 2 6x dx cos ec 2 6x dx + dx
1
Sea: u = co g 6x , du = cos ec 2 6x dx
6
2
Luego: 6 u du cos ec 2 6x dx + dx = 2u 3 + 6 co g 6x + x + c
= 2 co g 3 6x + 6 co g 6x + x + c
dx
;
Como: s e n 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 ,
3.47.-
5
s e n x cos x
s e n 2 x + cos 2 x
dx
cos xdx
Luego:
dx =
+
5
3
s e n x cos x
s e n x cos x
s e n5 x
s e n 2 x + cos 2 x
cos xdx
dx
cos xdx
cos xdx
dx +
=
=
+
+
3
5
3
s e n x cos x
sen x
s e n x cos x
sen x
s e n5 x
dx
=
+ (s e n x) 3 cos xdx + (s e n x) 5 cos xdx
s e n x cos x
dx
=
+ (s e n x) 3 cos xdx + (s e n x) 5 cos xdx
s e n 2x
2
= 2 cos ec 2 xdx + (s e n x) 3 cos xdx + (s e n x) 5 cos xdx ()
70
Luego:
1
1
4 +c
2
2u
4u
1
1
+c
2
2s e n x 4s e n 4 x
cos ec 2 x cos ec 4 x
= cos ec 2 x co g 2 x
+c
2
4
cos 2 x
cos 2 x
1
3.48.-
dx
dx = co g 2 x cos ec 4 xdx
=
6
2
sen x
s e n x s e n4 x
= co g 2 x(cos ec 2 x) cos ec 2 xdx = co g 2 x(1 + co g 2 x) cos ec 2 xdx
= cos ec 2 x co g 2 x
+c
3 5
3
5
dx
s e n 2 + cos 2 x
dx
dx
3.49.-
dx =
=
+
2
4
2
4
4
2
s e n x cos x
s e n x cos x
cos x
s e n x cos 2 x
dx
dx
dx
= sec 4 xdx +
= sec 4 xdx +
= sec 4 xdx + 4
2
s
n
2
e
x
(s e n x cos x)
s e n2 2x
(
)2
2
4
2
2
2
= sec xdx + 4 cos ec 2 xdx = sec x sec xdx + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx
Luego: u 2 du u 4 du =
= (1 + g 2 x) sec2 xdx + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx = sec2 xdx + g 2 x sec 2 xdx + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx
u3
2 co g 2 x + c
3
g3x
2 co g 2 x + c
3
dx
3.50.-
= sec6 4 xdx = (sec 2 4 x)2 sec2 4 xdx = (1 + g 2 4 x)2 sec2 4 xdx
6
cos 4 x
= (1 + 2 g 2 4 x + g 4 4 x) sec2 4 xdx
= sec 2 4 xdx + 2 ( g 4 x) 2 sec 2 4 xdx + ( g 4 x) 4 sec 2 4 xdx
Luego:
1 2
1 4
g 4x 1 u3 1 u5
g 4x g 3 4x g 5 4x
u
du
+
u
du
=
+
+
+
c
=
+
+
+c
2
4
4
2 3 4 5
4
6
20
cos3 x
cos3 x(1 + s e n x)
cos 3 x(1 + s e n x)
3.51.-
dx =
dx
dx
=
1 s e n x
1 s e n2 x
cos 2 x
2
sec 4 xdx +
1
s e n 2 xdx
2
71
1
= s e n x cos 2 x + c
4
3.52.- cos3 7x dx = (cos 2 7x ) cos 7x dx = (1 s e n 2 7x ) cos 7x dx
= cos 7x dx s e n 2 7x cos 7x dx
Sea: u = s e n 7x , du = 1 cos 7x dx
7
7u 3
7
+ c = 7 s e n 7x s e n 3 7x + c
3
3
5 x
2 x 2
2 x 2
x
3.53.- s e n 2 dx = (s e n 2 ) s e n 2 dx = (1 cos 2 ) s e n 2x dx
Luego: = cos 7x dx 7 u 2 du =7 s e n 7x
1
Sea: u = cos 2x , du = s e n 2x dx ,
2
Luego:
= s e n 2x dx + 4 u 2 du 2 u 4 du = 2 cos 2x +
4u 3 2u 5
+c
3
5
4 cos3 2x 2 cos5 2x
+c
3
5
1 cos xdx
= 2 cos 2x +
3.54.-
1 cos 2
, y 2 = x
2
1 cos 2 x
;
adems: 1 cos x = 2s e n 2
=
2
Considerando: s e n 2 =
Se tiene: s e n 2
x
2
x
2
Luego: 2s e n 2 2x dx = 2 s e n 2x dx = 2 2 cos 2x + c
2
dx
1 cos 23x
4 x
2 x 2
3.55.-
e
dx
e
dx
s
n
(s
n
)
=
=
=
3
3
2 dx
cos ec 4 3x
1
1
1
1
= (1 2 cos 23x + cos 2 23x )dx = dx cos 23x dx + cos 2 23x dx
4
4
2
4
4x
1
1
1 1 + cos 3
1
1
1
= dx cos 23x dx +
dx = dx cos 23x dx + (1 + cos 43x )dx
4
2
4
2
4
2
8
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
= dx cos 23x dx + dx + cos 43x dx = dx cos 23x dx + cos 43x dx
4
2
8
8
8
2
8
2x
4x
3s
e
n
3s
e
n
3
13
1
3
3
3
3
s e n 23x +
s e n 43x + c = x
= x
+
+c
8
22
84
8
4
32
3.56.- s e n 3 2x cos5 2x dx = s e n 2x s e n 2 2x cos5 2x dx = s e n 2x (1 cos 2 2x ) cos5 2x dx
= s e n 2x cos5 2x dx cos 7 2x s e n 2x dx
1
Sea: u = cos 2x , du = s e n 2x dx
2
72
Luego: 2 u 5 du + 2 u 7 du =
cos 6 2x cos8 2x
2u 6 2u 8
u 6 u8
+
+c = + +c =
+
+c
6
8
3 4
3
4
2
1
s e n 2x
2
3.57.- s e n 2 x cos 2 xdx = (s e n x cos x) 2 dx =
dx = s e n 2 xdx
4
2
1 1 cos 4 x
1
1
1
x 1
dx = (1 cos 4 x)dx = dx cos 4 xdx = s e n 4 x + c
=
4
2
8
8
8
8 32
4
2
2
2
2
3.58.- s e n x cos xdx = (s e n x cos x) s e n xdx = (s e n x cos x) 2 s e n 2 xdx
1
s e n 2 x 1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x
2
=
dx = s e n 2 x
dx
2
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
cos
4
x
1
dx s e n 2 2 x cos 2 xdx
= s e n 2 2 xdx s e n 2 2 x cos 2 xdx =
8
8
8
2
8
1
1
1
= dx cos 4 xdx s e n 2 2 x cos 2 xdx()
16
16
8
Sea: u = s e n 2 x, du = 2 cos 2 xdx , luego:
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 u3
2
dx
cos
4
xdx
u
du
x
s
e
n
4
x
+c
16
16
16
16
64
16 3
1
s e n 4 x s e n3 2x
= x
+c
16
64
48
1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x
s e n2 x
2
3.59.-
dx =
dx =
dx = g 2 xdx = (sec 2 x 1)dx
2
1 + cos 2 x
1 + cos 2 x
cos x
2
2
= sec xdx dx = gx x + c
() =
cos3 x
1
1
dx = (s e n x) 2 cos3 xdx = (s e n x) 2 cos 2 x cos xdx
sen x
3
1
1
= (s e n x) 2 (1 s e n 2 x) cos xdx = (s e n x) 2 cos xdx s e n 2 x cos xdx()
3.60.-
2 s e n5 x
+c
5
3.61.- s e n 3 2 xdx = s e n 2 2 x s e n 2 xdx = (1 cos 2 2 x) s e n 2 xdx
() = u 2 du u 2 du = 2u 2
1
+
+
=
+
+c
2 2
2
2 3
2
6
1
(cos3 2 x)
= cos 2 x +
+c
2
6
() = s e n 2 x +
73
1
1 cos 4 x 1 + cos 4 x
2
3.62.- s e n 2 2 x cos 2 2 xdx =
dx = (1 cos 4 x)dx
2
2
4
1
1
1
1 1 + cos8 x
1
1
= dx cos 2 4 xdx = dx
dx = dx (1 + cos8 x)dx
4
4
4
4
2
4
8
1
1
1
1
1
x s e n 8x
= dx dx cos8 xdx = dx cos8 xdx =
+c
4
8
8
8
8
8
64
1
1 + cos 2 x
2
3.63.- cos 4 xdx = (cos 2 x) 2 dx =
dx = (1 + cos 2 x) dx
2
4
1
1
1
1
= (1 + 2 cos 2 x + cos 2 x)dx = dx + cos 2 xdx + cos 2 2 xdx
4
4
2
4
1
1
1 1 + cos 4 x
1
1
1
= dx + cos 2 xdx +
dx = dx + cos 2 xdx + (1 + cos 4 x)dx
4
2
4
2
4
2
8
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
= dx + cos 2 xdx + dx + cos 4 xdx = dx + cos 2 xdx + cos 4 xdx
4
2
8
8
8
2
8
3
1
1
= x + s e n 2x + s e n 4x + c
8
4
32
4
2
3.64.- g x sec xdx
2
g5x
u5
+c =
+c
5
5
3.65.- g 3 x sec xdx = g 2 x gx sec xdx = (sec 2 x 1) gx sec xdx
Luego: u 4 du =
u3
sec3 x
u +c =
sec x + c
3
3
3.66.- sec6 a d = sec 4 a sec 2 a d = (sec 2 a ) 2 sec 2 a d
Luego: u 2 du du =
= (1 + g 2 a ) 2 sec 2 a d = (1 + 2 g 2 a + g 4 a ) sec 2 a d
= sec 2 a d + 2 g 2 a sec 2 a d + g 4 a sec 2 a d
Sea: u = ga , du = a sec 2 a d ,
Luego:
1
2 2
1 4
1
2u 3 u 5
1
2 g 3 a g 5 a
+
+
=
+
+
+
=
+
+
+c
du
u
du
u
du
u
c
ga
a
a
a
a
3
5
a
3
5
sec x( gx + sec x)dx
sec x gx + sec 2 x
3.67.- sec xdx =
=
dx
gx + sec x
gx + sec x
Sea: u = sec x + gx, du = (sec x gx + sec 2 x)dx
du
= u + c = sec x + gx + c
Luego:
u
74
1 3
1 u4
u4
sec 4 3 x
u
du
c
c
=
+
=
+
=
+c
3
3 4
12
12
3.71.- sec n x gxdx = secn 1 x(sec x gx)dx
Luego:
Luego:
un
secn x
+c =
+ c, (n 0)
n
n
cos3 x
cos 2 x cos x
(1 s e n 2 x) cos x
cos xdx
3.72.-
dx
dx
dx =
=
=
cos xdx
2
2
2
sen x
sen x
sen x
s e n2 x
1
sen x + c
sen x
dx
s e n 2 x + cos 2 x
dx
cos 2 x
3.73.-
dx
=
=
+
s e n 2 x s e n 4 x dx
s e n4 x
s e n4 x
cos 2 x dx
= cos ec 2 xdx +
= cos ec 2 xdx + co g 2 x cos ec 2 xdx
2
2
sen x sen x
1
= co gx co g 3 x + c
3
n
3.74.- g x sec 2 xdx;(n 1)
n 1
u du =
1 2 cos 2 x
3.75.- s e n 6 xdx = (s e n 2 x)3 dx =
dx
2
1
= (1 3cos 2 x + 3cos 2 2 x cos3 2 x)dx
8
1
= dx 3 cos 2 xdx + 3 cos 2 2 xdx cos3 2 xdx
8
3
75
5 x s e n 2 x 3s e n 4 x s e n 3 2 x
+
+
+c
16
4
64
48
1
3.76.- s e n 4 axdx = (s e n 2 ax) 2 dx = (1 cos 2ax) 2 dx
4
1
1
1
= (1 2 cos 2ax + cos 2 2ax)dx = dx cos 2axdx + cos 2 2axdx
4
2
4
1
1
1 1
1
3
1
1
= x s e n 2ax + ( x + s e n 4ax) + c = x s e n 2ax +
s e n 4ax + c
4
4a
4 2
8a
8
4a
32a
s e n n +1 x
3.77.- s e n n x cos xdx =
+ c, (n 1)
n +1
3.78.- co g n axdx = co g n 2 ax co g 2 axdx = co g n 2 ax(cos ec 2 ax 1)dx
=
1 co g n 1ax
co g n 2 axdx
a n 1
4
3.79.- co g 3xdx , Haciendo uso del ejercicio anterior:
= co g n 2 ax cos ec 2 axdx co g n 2 axdx =
co g 3 3x
co g 3 3x
co g 2 3xdx =
(cos ec 2 3 x 1)dx
3 3
9
co g 3 3x
co g 3 3x
=
cos ec 2 3 xdx + dx =
cos ec 2 3 xdx + dx
9
9
co g 3 3x co g 3x
=
+
+ x+c
9
3
cos n +1 x
3.80.- cos x n s e n xdx =
+ c;(n 1)
n +1
3.81.- g n xdx = g n 2 x g 2 xdx = g n 2 x(sec 2 x 1)dx
=
= g
n2
x sec xdx g
2
3.82.- g xdx =
4
g x
3
n2
g xdx
3
xdx =
g n 1 x
n 1
g xdx =
sec 2 xdx dx =
g n 2 xdx
g3x
3
(sec 2 x 1)dx
g x
3
gx + x + c
3
3
3.83.- cos 2 n +1 xdx = cos 2 n x cos xdx = (cos 2 x) n cos xdx = (1 s e n 2 x) n cos xdx
=
76
CAPITULO 4
INTEGRACION POR PARTES
Existe una variedad de integrales que se pueden desarrollar, usando la
relacin: udv = uv vdu .
El problema es elegir u y dv , por lo cual es til la siguiente identificacin:
I: Funcin trigonomtrica inversa.
L: Funcin logartmica.
A: Funcin algebraica.
T: Funcin trigonomtrica.
E: Funcin exponencial.
Se usa de la manera siguiente:
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
4.1.-Encontrar: x cos xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
x cos x
u=x
dv = cos xdx
du = dx
v = sen x
x cos xdx = x s e n x s e n xdx =x s e n x + cos x + c
Solucin.- I L A T E
x sec 2 3 x
u=x
dv = sec 2 3 xdx
du = dx
v = 13 g 3 x
1
1
x g 3x 1
x sec 2 xdx = x g 3 x g 3xdx =
sec 3x + c
3
3
3
9
x
g
3
x
1
Respuesta: x sec 2 xdx =
sec 3x + c
3
9
2
4.3.-Encontrar: x s e n xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
x2 s e n x
77
u = x2
dv = s e n xdx
v = cos x
du = 2 xdx
2
x s e n xdx = x cos x + 2 x cos xdx , integrando por partes la segunda integral:
u=x
dv = cos xdx
x cos xdx ;
du = dx
v = sen x
2
2
x s e n xdx = x cos x + 2 x s e n x s e n xdx = x 2 cos x + 2 x s e n x + 2 cos x + c
2
2
x + 5 x + 6 cos 2x
u = x2 + 5x + 6
dv = cos 2 xdx
1
v = s e n 2x
2
2
( x + 5 x + 6)
1
s e n 2 x (2 x + 5) s e n 2 xdx
( x 2 + 5 x + 6) cos 2 xdx =
2
2
Integrando por partes la segunda integral:
I L A T E
du = (2 x + 5)dx
2x + 5 s e n 2x
u = 2x + 5
du = 2dx
dv = s e n 2 xdx
1
v = cos 2 x
2
1
1
2
( x + 5 x + 6) cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 x( x 2 + 5 x + 6) (2 x + 5)( 1 2 cos 2 x) + cos 2 xdx
2
2
2
x + 5x + 6
1
1
s e n 2 x + cos 2 x(2 x + 5) cos 2 xdx
=
2
4
2
2
x + 5x + 6
2x + 5
1
s e n 2x +
cos 2 x s e n 2 x + c
=
2
4
4
x2 + 5x + 6
2x + 5
1
Respuesta: ( x 2 + 5 x + 6) cos 2 xdx =
s e n 2x +
cos 2 x s e n 2 x + c
2
4
4
Nota.-Ya se habr dado cuenta el lector, que la eleccin conveniente para el u y el
dv , depender de la ubicacin de los trminos funcionales en la palabra ILATE. El
de la izquierda corresponde al u , y el otro ser el dv .
4.5.-Encontrar: xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
x 1
78
u = x
dv = 1dx
dx
du =
v=x
x
xdx = x x dx = x x x + c = x( x 1) + c
Respuesta: xdx = x( x 1) + c
4.6.-Encontrar: (a 2 + x 2 )dx
Solucin.- I L A T E
2
(a + x 2 ) 1
u = x
dv = 1dx
dx
du =
v=x
x
(a 2 + x 2 )dx = x (a 2 + x 2 )
2 x 2 dx
2a 2
2
2
x
(
a
x
)
(2
=
x2 + a 2 )dx
a2 + x2
dx
2 a2
2
2
=
+
arc g ax + c
x
(
a
x
)
2
x
2
2
x +a
a
2
2
x
= x (a + x ) 2 x + 2a arc g a + c
= x (a 2 + x 2 ) 2 dx + 2a 2
x + x2 1
dv = 1dx
v=x
u = x + x2 1
1+
x2 1 + x
x 2 1 d du =
x 2 1 dx du = dx
x + x2 1
x2 1
x + x2 1
xdx
x + x 2 1 dx = x x + x 2 1
x2 1
Sea : w = x 2 + 1, dw = 2 xdx .
1
1 1
1
Luego: x x + x 2 1 ( x 2 1) 2 2 xdx = x x + x 2 1 w 2 dw
2
2
1
2
1w
1
= x x + x2 1
+ c = x x + x2 1 w 2 + c = x x + x2 1 x2 1 + c
1
2 2
du =
Respuesta: x + x 2 1 dx = x x + x 2 1 x 2 1 + c
79
4.8.-Encontrar: 2 xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
2x 1
u = 2x
1
du = 2 x dx
x
dv = 1dx
v=x
1
2 xdx = x 2 x 2 x xdx = x 2 x 2 xdx
x
Por ejercicio 4.5, se tiene: xdx = x( x 1) + c
Luego: 2 xdx = x 2 x 2 [ x( x 1) + c ] = x 2 x 2 x( x 1) + c
Respuesta: 2 xdx = x 2 x 2 x( x 1) + c
4.9.-Encontrar: arc gxdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc gx 1
u = arc gx
dv = 1dx
dx
du =
v=x
1 + x2
xdx
arc gxdx = x arc gx
1 + x2
2
Sea: w = 1 + x , dw = 2 xdx
1 2 xdx
1 dw
1
Luego: x arc gx
= x arc gx
= x arc gx w + c
2
2 1+ x
2 w
2
1
= x arc gx 1 + x 2 + c
2
1
Respuesta: arc gxdx = x arc gx 1 + x 2 + c
2
2
4.10.- x arc gxdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc gx x 2
u = arc gx
dv = x 2 dx
dx
x3
du =
v=
2
1+ x
3
3
1 x 2 dx x3
1
x
x
x 2 arc gxdx = arc gx
= arc gx ( x 2 )dx
2
x +1
3
3 1+ x
3
3
80
1
1
x3
x
dx
arc gx xdx 2
3
3
3 x +1
xdx 1
Por ejercicio 4.9, se tiene: 2
= x2 + 1 + c
x +1 2
3
1
1
x
x3
x2 1
Luego: arc gx xdx + x 2 + 1 + c = arc gx + x 2 + 1 + c
3
3
6
3
6 6
3
2
x
x 1
Respuesta: x 2 arc gxdx = arc gx + x 2 + 1 + c
3
6 6
4.11.-Encontrar: arc cos 2xdx
=
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc cos 2x 1
u = arc cos 2 x
2dx
du =
1 4x2
dv = 1dx
v=x
xdx
1 4 x2
Sea: w = 1 4 x 2 , dw = 8 xdx
2 8 xdx
1
1w2
1
Luego: x arc cos 2 x
= x arc cos 2 x w 2 dw =x arc cos 2 x
+c
8 1 4 x2
4
4 1
2
1
= x arc cos 2 x
1
1 4x2 + c
2
1
1 4x2 + c
2
arcs e n x
dx
x
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc s e n x 1
4.12.-Encontrar:
u = arc s e n x
du =
1 dx
1 x x
dv = x 2 dx
v=2 x
arc s e n xx 2 dx = 2 x arc s e n x
1
dx
1 x
Sea: w = 1 x, dw = dx
dx
1
= 2 x arc s e n x + w 2 dw
1 x
1
2
= 2 x arc s e n x + 2 w + c = 2 x arc s e n x + 2 1 x + c
Luego: 2 x arc s e n x +
81
arcs e n x
dx = 2 x arc s e n x + 2 1 x + c
x
4.13.-Encontrar: x arcs e n 2 x 2 dx
Respuesta:
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc s e n 2 x 2
x
u = arc s e n 2 x 2
dv = xdx
4 xdx
x2
du =
v
=
2
1 4x4
2
x
x3 dx
x arc s e n 2 x 2 dx = arc s e n 2 x 2 2
2
1 4x4
Sea: w = 1 4 x 4 , dw = 16 x3 dx
Luego:
x2
2 (16 x3 dx) x 2
1 1
arc s e n 2 x 2 +
= arc s e n 2 x 2 + w 2 dw
2
16
2
8
1 4x4
1
x2
1w2
x2
1 1
= arc s e n 2 x 2 +
+ c = arc s e n 2 x 2 + w 2 + c
2
8 1
2
4
2
1
x2
1 4 x4 + c
= arc s e n 2 x 2 +
2
4
1
x2
Respuesta: x arcs e n 2 x 2 dx = arc s e n 2 x 2 +
1 4 x4 + c
2
4
x
a
4.14.-Encontrar: xe dx
Sea: w =
x
dx
, dw =
a
a
x
x x dx
Luego: xe a dx = a 2 e a
= a 2 we w dw , integrando por partes se tiene:
a
a
Solucin.- I L A T E
w
ew
u=w
dv = e w dw
du = dw
v = ew
a 2 we w dw = a 2 we w e w dw = a 2 ( we w e w + c ) = a 2 ( we w e w ) + c
x
x
x
x x
= a 2 e a e a + c = a 2 e a ( 1) + c
a
a
x
x
x
Respuesta: xe a dx = a 2 e a ( 1) + c
a
2 3 x
4.15.-Encontrar: x e dx
Solucin.- I L A T E
82
x2
e 3 x
dv = e3 x dx
2
u=x
1
v = e 3 x
du = 2 xdx
3
1
2
x 2 e 3 x dx = x 2 e3 x + xe3 x dx , integrando por partes la segunda integral:
3
3
I L A T E
x
e 3 x
dv = e3 x dx
u=x
1
du = dx
v = e 3 x
3
1 2 3 x 2 1 3 x 1 3 x
x 2 e 3 x 2 3 x 2 3 x
2 3 x
xe + e dx
x e dx = x e + xe + e dx =
3
3 3
3
3
9
9
2 3 x
xe
2
2
=
xe 3 x e 3 x + c
3
9
27
e 3 x 2 2
2
Respuesta: x 2 e 3 x dx =
x + x+ +c
3
3
9
4.16.-Encontrar: x 3e x dx
2
Solucin.- x 3e x dx = x 2 e x xdx
2
w ew
u=w
dv = e w dw
du = dw
v = ew
1
1
1
1
1
1
we w dw = we w e w dw = we w e w dw = we w e w + c
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2 x2 1 x2
1 x2 2
= x e e + c = e ( x + 1) + c
2
2
2
2
1 2
Respuesta: x 3e x dx = e x ( x 2 + 1) + c
2
2
4.17.-Encontrar: ( x 2 x + 5)e x dx
Solucin.- I L A T E
83
x 2 2 x + 5 e x
u = x2 2x + 5
du = (2 x 2)dx
dv = e x dx
v = e x
( x 2 2 x + 5)e x dx = e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) + (2 x 2)e x dx , integrando por partes la
segunda integral:
I L A T E
2 x 2 e x
u = 2x 2
du = 2dx
dv = e x dx
v = e x
( x 2 2 x + 5)e x dx = e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) + e x (2 x 2) + 2 e x dx
= e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) e x (2 x 2) + 2 e x dx = e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) e x (2 x 2) 2e x + c
= e x ( x 2 2 x + 5 +2x 2 + 2 ) + c = e x ( x 2 + 5) + c
Respuesta: ( x 2 2 x + 5)e x dx = e x ( x 2 + 5) + c
cos bx e ax
u = cos bx
du = b s e n bxdx
dv = e ax dx
v=
1 ax
e
a
e ax cos bx b ax
+ e s e n bxdx , Ntese que la segunda integral es
a
a
semejante a la primera, salvo en la parte trigonomtrica; integrando por partes la
segunda integral:
I L A T E
s e n bx e ax
dv = e ax dx
u = s e n bx
1
du = b cos bxdx
v = e ax
a
ax
ax
e cos bx b e s e n bx b ax
=
+
e cos bxdx
a
a
a
a
e ax cos bxdx =
e ax cos bx beax s e n bx b 2 ax
+
2 e cos bxdx , Ntese que:
a
a2
a
ax
e cos bx beax s e n bx b 2 ax
ax
=
+
2 e cos bxdx , la integral a encontrar
e
cos
bxdx
a
a2
a
aparece con coeficiente 1 en el primer miembro, y en el segundo con coeficiente:
=
84
b2
. Transponiendo ste trmino al primer miembro y dividiendo por el nuevo
a2
b2 a 2 + b2
coeficiente: 1 + 2 =
, se tiene:
a
a2
a 2 + b 2 ax
ae ax cos bx + beax s e n bx
e
cos
bxdx
=
+c
2
a2
a
ae ax cos bx + be ax s e n bx
ax
e cos bxdx =
a2
+c =
a 2 + b2
2
a
ax
e (a cos bx + b s e n bx)
+c
Respuesta: e ax cos bxdx =
a 2 + b2
4.19.-Encontrar: e x cos 2 xdx
s e n bx e ax
dv = e ax dx
1
v = e ax
a
ax
e s e n bx b ax
e cos bxdx , integrando por partes la segunda
e ax s e n bxdx =
a
a
integral:
I L A T E
ax
cos bx e
dv = e ax dx
u = cos bx
1
du = b s e n bxdx
v = e ax
a
ax
e s e n bx b e ax cos bx b ax
e ax s e n bxdx =
+ e s e n bxdx
a
a
a
a
u = s e n bx
du = b cos bxdx
e ax s e n bx be ax cos bx b 2 ax
2 e s e n bxdx ,
a
a2
a
85
2
a2
a
ae ax s e n bx be ax cos bx
ax
e s e n bxdx =
a2
+ c = e ax s e n bxdx =
a 2 + b2
2
a
ax
e (a s e n bx b cos bx)
Respuesta: e ax s e n bxdx =
+c
a2 + b2
4.21.-Encontrar: x 1 + xdx
e ax (a s e n bx b cos bx)
+c
a 2 + b2
3
2
du = dx
v = (1 + x) 2
3
5
3
3
3
2
2
2
2 (1 + x) 2
2
2
2
x 1 + xdx = x(1 + x) (1 + x) dx = x(1 + x)
+c
3
3
3
3 5
2
5
2
2
4(1 + x)
3
= x(1 + x) 2
+c
3
15
5
2
4(1 + x) 2
3
2
Respuesta: x 1 + xdx = x(1 + x)
+c
3
15
x 2 dx
4.22.-Encontrar:
1+ x
2
x dx
1
= x 2 (1 + x) 2 dx
Solucin.-
1+ x
u = x2
dv = (1 + x) 2 dx
du = 2 xdx
v = 2(1 + x)
x 2 dx
= 2 x 2 1 + x 4 x 1 + xdx , integrando por partes la segunda integral:
1+ x
86
u=x
du = dx
x 2 dx
= 2 x2
1+ x
dv = (1 + x) 2 dx
1
3
2
v = (1 + x) 2
3
3
3
2
2
2
1 + x 4 x(1 + x) 2 (1 + x) dx
3
3
3
3
5
8
8 (1 + x) 2
8
16
= 2 x 1 + x x(1 + x) 2 +
+ c = 2 x 2 1 + x x(1 + x) 2 + (1 + x) 2 + c
3
3 5
3
15
2
x 2 dx
8
3
16
5
Respuesta:
= 2 x 2 1 + x x(1 + x) 2 + (1 + x) 2 + c
3
15
1+ x
xdx
4.23.-Encontrar: x
e
xdx
Solucin.- x = xe x dx
e
I L A T E
x
e x
u=x
dv = e x dx
du = dx
v = e x
5
xe x dx = xe x + e x dx = xe x e x + c = e x ( x 1) + c = e x ( x + 1) + c
xdx
= e x ( x + 1) + c
x
e
4.24.-Encontrar: x 2 1 x dx
Respuesta:
u = 1 x
Solucin.-
du =
1
dx
1
(1 x) 2 (1)dx du =
2(1 x)
1 x 2
1
dv = x 2 dx
v=
x3
3
x3
1 x3
x3
1
1
1 x +
dx =
1 x x2 + x + 1
dx
3
6 1 x
3
6
1 x
x3
1 x3 1 x 2 1
1
=
1 x
x 1 x + c
3
6 3 6 2 6
6
3
3
2
x
1
x x
x
=
1 x 1 x + c
3
6
18 12 6
x3
1
x3 x 2 x
Respuesta: x 2 1 x dx =
1 x 1 x + c
3
6
18 12 6
2
4.25.-Encontrar: x s e n xdx
x 2 1 x dx =
Solucin.-
87
dv = s e n 2 xdx
1 cos 2 x
v=
dx
1
1
du = dx
2
v = x s e n 2x
2
4
1
1
1
1
x s e n 2 xdx = x 2 x s e n 2 x xdx + s e n 2 xdx
2
4
2
4
1 2 1
1 2 1
1 2 1
1
= x x s e n 2 x x cos 2 x + c = x x s e n 2 x cos 2 x + c
2
4
4
8
4
4
8
2
x
x s e n 2 x cos 2 x
Respuesta: x s e n 2 xdx =
+c
4
4
8
Otra solucin.1 cos 2 x
1
1
1 x2 1
2
x
e
xdx
=
x
dx
=
xdx
x
xdx
=
x cos 2 xdx
s
n
cos
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
x2 1
= x cos 2 xdx ; integrando por partes, la segunda integral:
4 2
dv = cos 2 xdx
u=x
1
du = dx
v = s e n 2x
2
2
2
x 1 x
1
x
1
x
2
x
e
xdx
=
e
x
e
xdx
=
s e n 2 x + s e n 2 xdx
s
n
s
n
2
s
n
2
4 2 2
2
4
4 4
u=x
x2 x
1 1
x2 x
cos 2 x
= s e n 2 x + ( cos 2 x) + c = s e n 2 x
+c
4 4
4 2
4 4
8
x 2 x s e n 2 x cos 2 x
2
Respuesta: x s e n xdx =
+c
4
4
8
4.26.-Encontrar: x(3 x + 1)7 dx
v = (3x + 1)7 dx
1
8
du = dx
v = (3x + 1)
24
x
1
x
1 1 (3x + 1)9
7
8
8
8
x(3 x + 1) dx = (3x + 1) (3x + 1) dx = (3 x + 1)
+c
24
24
24
24 3
9
x
(3x + 1)9
8
=
+c
(3 x + 1)
24
648
x
(3x + 1)9
7
8
Respuesta: x(3x + 1) dx = (3x + 1)
+c
24
648
u=x
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Usando esencialmente el mecanismo presentado, encontrar las integrales
siguientes:
88
4.29.- x s e n xdx
4.33.- x3e 3 dx
4.35.- x 2 xdx
4.36.-
4.37.-
dx
1 x
dx
1+ x
4.60.-
( x)
x
4.63.- cos xdx
dx
4.66.- x3 ( x) 2 dx
4.31.- x 2 x dx
dx
x
xdx
4.40.-
s e n2 x
4.43.- s e n( x)dx
4.46.-
2x
dx
x2
4.49.- (arcs e n x) 2 dx
s e n2 x
4.52.-
dx
ex
4.55.- x (9 + x 2 )dx
4.32.- x 2 e3 x dx
arcs e n x
dx
x2
4.53.- g 2 x sec3 xdx
4.50.-
4.58.- e x dx
4.61.- x + 1 dx
4.62.- x 2 e x dx
4.64.- s e n n xdx
4.65.- x m ( x) n dx
4.67.- x n e x dx
4.68.- x3e x dx
4.71.- x xdx
4.72.- x n ax dx, n 1
4.78.- (9 + x 2 )dx
4.81.- arc sec xdx
4.84.- ( x 2 + 1)dx
4.87.- x arc g x 2 1dx
4.88.-
x arc gx
dx
( x 2 + 1) 2
4.74.- x s e n axdx
4.83.- 1 x dx
4.86.-
x arcs e n x
1 x2
4.89.- arcs e n x
dx
xdx
(1 x 2 )3
4.90.- x 2 1 xdx
RESPUESTAS
4.27.- x(2 x + 5)10 dx
Solucin.-
89
dv = (2 x + 5)10 dx
u=x
du = dx
(2 x + 5)11
22
x
1
x
1
10
11
11
11
12
x(2 x + 5) dx = 22 (2 x + 5) 22 (2 x + 5) dx = 22 (2 x + 5) 44 (2 x + 5) + c
x
1
= (2 x + 5)11
(2 x + 5)12 + c
22
528
4.28.- arcs e n xdx
v=
Solucin.u = arcs e n x
du =
dx
1 x2
dv = dx
v=x
xdx
1 x
Adems: w = 1 x 2 , dw = 2 xdx
= x arcs e n x +
1 dw
= x arcs e n x + 1 x 2 + c
1
2w 2
4.29.- x s e n xdx
Solucin.u=x
du = dx
dv = s e n xdx
v = cos x
x s e n xdx = x cos x + cos xdx = x cos x + s e n x + c
u=x
du = dx
dv = cos 3xdx
1
v = s e n 3x
3
x
1
x
cos 3 x
x cos 3xdx = 3 s e n 3x 3 s e n 3xdx = 3 s e n 3x + 9 + c
4.31.- x 2 x dx
Solucin.
dv = 2 x dx
u=x
du = dx
x
x2 dx =
v=
2 x
2
x 2 x
1
x 2 x
1 2 x
x
1
x
dx
2
+
=
+
x 2 + c
+c = x
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4.32.- x 2 e3 x dx
Solucin.-
90
u=x
dv = e3 x dx
1
v = e3 x
3
du = 2 xdx
x2 3x 2
e xe3 x dx , integral la cual se desarrolla nuevamente por partes,
3
3
dv = e3 x dx
u=x
esto es:
1
du = dx
v = e3 x
3
2
2
x
2 x
1
2
2
x2
2x
2
x
= e3 x e3 x e3 x dx = e3 x xe3 x + e3 x dx = e3 x e3 x + e3 x + c
3
33
3
9
9
3
9
27
3
2 3x
x e dx =
4.33.- x3e 3 dx
x
Solucin.x
dv = e 3 dx
u = x3
x
du = 3x 2 dx
v = 3e 3
3 x
3 x
2 x
x e 3 dx = 3x e 3 + 9 x e 3 dx , integral la cual se desarrolla nuevamente por
= 3x3e 3 + 9 3 x 2 e
x
u = x2
du = 2 xdx
dv = e 3 dx
x
v = 3e 3
x
x
x
x
+ 6 xe 3 dx = 3 x3e 3 27 x 2 e 3 + 54 xe 3 dx
x
x
du = dx
v = 3e 3
x
3x 3 27 x 2
3 x 3 27 x 2 162 x
x3
x3
xe
+
e
dx
=
x x + 162(3e 3 ) + c
54
3
3
x
x
x
3
3
3
3
3
e
e
e
e
e
3
2
3 x 27 x 162 x 486
= x x x x +c
e3
e3
e3
e3
4.34.- x s e n x cos xdx
Solucin.-
u=x
dv = s e n 2 xdx
cos 2 x
2
1
1 x
1
v=
Solucin.-
91
u = x
dv = x 2 dx
dx
x3
v=
x
3
3
3
x x 1 2
x x x3
2
x
xdx
=
x
dx
=
+c
3
3
3
9
x
4.36.- 3 dx
x
Solucin.u = x
dv = x 3 dx
dx
1
du =
v= 2
x
2x
x
x
1
x 1
3
3
x3 dx = x xdx = 2 x2 + 2 x dx = 2 x 2 4 x 2 + c
x
4.37.-
dx
x
Solucin.u = x
1
dv = x 2 dx
dx
du =
v=2 x
x
x
1
1
x dx = x 2 xdx = 2 x x 2 x 2 dx = 2 x x 4 x + c
4.38.- x arc gxdx
du =
Solucin.u = arc gx
dx
du =
1 + x2
dv = xdx
x2
2
2
2
x
1 x dx x 2
1
1
arc
arc
x
gxdx
gx
=
= arc gx 1
dx
2
2
2 1+ x
2
2 1 + x2
v=
x2
1
1 dx
x2
1
arc gx
=
+c
arc gx dx +
arc gx x +
2
2
2
2 1+ x
2
2
2
4.39.- x arcs e n xdx
=
Solucin.u = arcs e n x
dv = xdx
dx
x2
du =
v
=
1 + x2
2
x2
1 x 2 dx
x arcs e n xdx = 2 arcs e n x 2 1 + x2 , integral para la cual se sugiere la
x = s e n
sustitucin siguiente:
dx = cos d
92
x2
1 s e n 2 cos d
arcs e n x
2
2
cos
x2
1 1 cos 2
arcs e n x
2
2
2
x2
1
1
d
arcs e n x d + cos 2 d
2
4
4
2
2
x
1
1
x
1
2s e n cos
= arcs e n x + s e n 2 + c = arcs e n x arcs e n x +
+c
2
4
8
2
4
8
=
du = dx
v = co gx
xdx
2
s e n 2 x = x cos ec xdx = x co gx + co gxdx = x co gx + s e n x + c
4.41.- e x s e n xdx
=
Solucin.u = sen x
du = cos xdx
dv = e x dx
v = ex
x
x
x
e s e n xdx = e s e n x e cos xdx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
u = cos x
du = s e n xdx
dv = e x dx
v = ex
ex
(s e n x cos x) + c
2
4.42.- 3x cos xdx
x
e s e n xdx =
Solucin.-
u = cos x
du = s e n xdx
dv = 3x dx
v=
3x
93
x
3 cos xdx = cos x
3x
= cos x
3x
3
3
u = sen x
du = cos xdx
esto es:
= cos x
3x
3x
1 3x
1
sen x
3x cos xdx
3 3
3
3x s e n x
1
2 3x cos xdx ,luego:
2
3
3
3
+
3x
sen x
1
x
cos x +
2 3 cos xdx , de donde es inmediato:
3 3
1
3x
sen x
= (1 + 2 ) 3x cos xdx =
+c
cos x +
3
3
3
= 3x cos xdx =
23 +1 x
3x
sen x
xdx
=
+c
)
3
cos
cos x +
2
3
3
3
3x 3
sen x
= 3x cos xdx = 2
+c
cos x +
3 +1
3
=(
4.43.- s e n( x)dx
Solucin.u = s e n( x)
dv = dx
cos( x)
du =
dx
v=x
x
s e n( x)dx = x s e n( x) cos( x)dx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes,
esto es:
u = cos( x)
dv = dx
s e n( x)
du =
dx
v=x
x
= x s e n( x) x cos( x) + s e n( x)dx = x s e n( x) x cos( x) s e n( x)dx
Se tiene por tanto:
s e n( x)dx = x [s e n( x) cos( x)] s e n( x)dx , de donde es inmediato:
2 s e n( x)dx = x [s e n( x) cos( x) ] + c s e n( x)dx =
x
[s e n( x) cos( x)] + c
2
4.44.- ( x 2 2 x + 3) xdx
Solucin.-
94
u = x
du =
dx
x
dv = ( x 2 2 x + 3)dx
v=
x3
x 2 + 3x
3
x3
x2
x 2 + 3 x) x ( x + 3)dx
3
3
3
2
x
x
x3
x3 x2
= ( x 2 + 3x) x dx xdx + 3 dx = ( x 2 + 3 x) x + 3 x + c
3
3
3
9 2
1 x
dx
4.45.- x
1+ x
Solucin.1 x
dv = xdx
u=
1+ x
x2
v=
2dx
du = 2
2
x 1
1 x
x2
1 x
x 2 dx x 2
1 x
1
x
dx
=
(1 + 2 )dx
2
1+ x
x 1 2
x 1
2
1+ x
1+ x
2
( x 2 x + 3) xdx = (
x2
1 x
dx
x2
1 x
1
x 1
dx 2
=
x
+c
2
1+ x
x 1 2
1+ x
2
x +1
4.46.-
2x
dx
x2
Solucin.u = 2x
dv = x 2 dx
2 x
1
du =
dx
v=
x
x
2
2
x
x
x
2x
dx
=
+
2
dx
=
x
x
x
por partes, esto es:
u = x
dv = x 2 dx
dx
1
du =
v=
x
x
2
2
x
x
dx
x 2 x
dx
2x 2 x 2
=
+ 2
+ 2 =
+ 2 2 =
+c
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
4.47.- x 2 arc g 3 xdx
Solucin.u = arc g 3x
3dx
du =
1 + 9x2
dv = x 2 dx
v=
x3
3
95
x3
x3dx
x3
1
x3 dx
arc g 3x
arc
g
3
x
=
3
1 + 9 x2 3
9 1 + x2
9
2
x3
1 x
x3
1
xdx
dx = arc g 3 x 1 x + 1
= arc g 3x x 2 9
3
9
9 2 81 x 2 + 1
x +1 3
9
9
3
2
x
x
1
1
= arc g 3x +
x2 + + c
3
18 162
9
2
x arc g 3xdx =
x2
2 arc gxdx
=
v
du =
2
1 + x2
2
x
x 2 dx
2
2
x
gx
dx
gx
gx
(arc
)
=
(arc
(arc
)
, integral la cual se desarrolla por
2
1 + x2
partes, esto es:
u = arc gx
x 2 dx
dv =
dx
1 + x2
du =
1 + x2
v = x arc gx
( x arc gx)
dx
=
( x arc gx) arc gx ( x arc gx)
2
1 + x 2
2
( x arc gx)
xdx
arc gxdx
=
x arc gx + (arc gx) 2 +
2
2
1+ x
1 + x2
2
2
( x arc gx)
1
(arc gx)
2
2
=
x arc gx + (arc gx) + (1 + x )
+c
2
2
2
4.49.- (arcs e n x) 2 dx
2
Solucin.u = (arc s e n x) 2
2 arc s e n xdx
du =
1 x2
dv = dx
v=x
(arcs e n x) dx = x(arcs e n x)
2
2 arcs e n x
u = arcs e n x
partes, esto es:
du =
dx
xdx
1 x2
v = 1 x2
= x(arcs e n x) 2 2 1 x 2 arcs e n x + dx
= x(arcs e n x) 2 + 2 1 x 2 arcs e n x 2 x + c
96
arcs e n x
dx
x2
Solucin.u = arcs e n x
dv = x 2 dx
dx
1
du =
v=
2
1 x
x
dx
arcs e n x
arcs e n x
2
x2 dx = x arcs e n xdx = x + x 1 x2
arcs e n x
x
=
+
+c
x
1 + 1 x2
4.50.-
arcs e n x
dx
1 x
Solucin.u = arcs e n x
dx
1
du =
1 x 2 x
4.51.-
dv =
dx
1 x
v = 2 1 x
dx
arcs e n x
dx = 2 1 x arcs e n x +
= 2 1 x arcs e n x + 2 x + c
x
1 x
s e n2 x
4.52.-
dx
ex
Solucin.dv = e x dx
u = s e n2 x
du = 2s e n x cos x
v = e x
s e n2 x
2
2
x
x
x
e x dx = s e n xe dx = e s e n x + 2 s e n x cos xe dx
s e n 2x x
= e x s e n 2 x + 2
e dx , Integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
2
u = s e n 2x
dv = e x dx
du = 2 cos 2 xdx
v = e x
u = cos 2 x
du = 2s e n 2 xdx
dv = e x dx
v = e x
s e n 2 xe dx = e s e n 2 x + 2 ( e cos 2 x 2 s e n 2 xe dx )
s e n 2 xe dx = e s e n 2 x 2e cos 2 x 4 s e n 2 xe dx , de donde:
5 s e n 2 xe dx = e (s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 x) + c
x
97
e x
(s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 x) + c , Sustituyendo en:
5
s e n 2 xdx
2e x
x
2
e
s
e
n
x
(s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 x) + c
=
ex
5
4.53.- g 2 x sec3 xdx = (sec 2 x 1) sec3 xdx = sec5 xdx() sec3 xdx()
x
s e n 2 xe dx =
Solucin.-
sec xdx ,
5
sec
Sea:
sec
dv = sec 2 xdx
du = 3sec3 x gxdx
v = gx
u = sec3 x
u = sec x
du = sec x gxdx
dv = sec 2 xdx
v = gx
xdx = sec x sec xdx = sec x gx sec x g xdx = sec x gx sec x(sec x 2 1)dx
2
= sec x gx sec3 xdx + sec xdx , luego: 2 sec3 xdx = sec x gx + sec xdx
1
Esto es: sec3 xdx = (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c , ahora bien:
2
2
3
5
3
g x sec xdx = sec xdx sec xdx , con ( y )
1
x sec3 xdx = sec3 x gx 3 sec3 x g 2 xdx (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c
2
1
De lo anterior: 4 g 2 x sec3 xdx = sec3 x gx (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c
2
1
1
Esto es: g 2 x sec3 xdx = sec3 x gx (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c
4
8
3
2
4.54.- x xdx
Solucin.dv = x3 dx
u = 2x
2 x
x4
du =
dx
v=
x
4
4
x
1 3
3
2
2
x xdx = 4 x 2 x xdx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
u = x
dv = x3 dx
dx
x
x4
4
4
4
x4 2 1 4
x
1 x
1
1 x4
2x
x x 3dx =
x x x +
=
+c
4
2 4
4
8
8 4
4
x4 2 1 4
x4
=
x x x + + c
4
8
32
du =
v=
98
4.55.- x (9 + x 2 )dx
Solucin.dv = xdx
u = (9 + x 2 )
x2
2 xdx
=
v
du =
2
9 + x2
2
3
x
x
x2
9x
2
2
+
=
+
=
(9
)
(9
)
x
x
dx
x
dx
(9 + x 2 ) x 2
dx
2
2
9+ x
2
x +9
x2
xdx
x2
x2 9
2
(9
)
(9 + x 2 ) xdx + 9
=
+
x
+ ( x 2 + 9) + c
2
9 + x2 2
2 2
x2
9
= (9 + x 2 ) 1 + ( x 2 + 9) + c
2
2
4.56.- arcs e n xdx
=
dx
1
du =
2
1 x 2 x
dv = dx
v=x
xdx 1
1
xdx
= x arcs e n x
2 1 x
1 x 2 x
Para la integral resultante, se recomienda la siguiente sustitucin:
1 x = t , de donde: x = 1 t 2 , y dx = 2tdt ( ver capitulo 9)
arcs e n
xdx = x arcs e n x
= x arcs e n x
1 1 t 2 (2 t dt )dx
= x arcs e n x + 1 t 2 dt ,
2
t
Se
recomienda
2dx
du =
1 + (2 x + 3) 2
x arc g (2 x + 3)dx =
la
x +c
dv = xdx
v=
x2
2
x2
x 2 dx
arc g (2 x + 3)
2
1 + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 9
99
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3x + 5
x2
x 2 dx
x2
2 dx
= arc g (2 x + 3) 2
arc g (2 x + 3) 2
2
4 x + 12 x + 10 2
4 4 x + 12 x + 10
3x + 5
x2
1
2 dx
arc g (2 x + 3) dx + 2
2
4
4 x + 12 x + 10
x+ 5
x2
1
6
dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 3 2
2
4
4 x + 12 x + 10
8 x + 40
x2
1
3
6 dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 2
2
4
8 4 x + 12 x + 10
32
x2
1
3 8 x + 12 6
dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 2
2
4
8 4 x + 12 x + 10
x2
1
3 (8 x + 12)dx
3 32
dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 2
2
4
8 4 x + 12 x + 10 8 6 4 x + 12 x + 10
2
x
1
3
dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 2 2
2
4
8
4 x + 12 x + 10
2
x
1
3
dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 2
2
4
8
(2 x + 3) 2 + 1
x2
1
3
2
2dx
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10
2
4
8
2 (2 x + 3) 2 + 1
x2
1
3
arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 arc g (2 x + 3) + c
2
4
8
1
1
3
= ( x 2 2) arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 + c
2
2
4
4.58.- e x dx
Solucin.u=e x
e x dx
du =
2 x
dx = xe
dv = dx
v=x
dx
1 xe x dx
, Se recomienda la sustitucin: z = x , dz =
2 2 x
2 x
1 2 z
z e dz , Esta integral resultante, se desarrolla por partes:
2
dv = e z dz
u = z2
du = 2 zdz
v = ez
1
z 2e z
= xe x z 2 e z 2 ze z dz = xe x
+ ze z dz , integral que se desarrolla por
2
2
partes:
= xe
100
u=z
dv = e z dz
du = dz
v = ez
z 2e z
+ ze z e z dz = xe
2
x
= e x + x 1 + c
2
2
4.59.- cos ( x)dx
= xe
z 2e z
+ ze z e z + c = xe
2
xe x
+ xe
2
+c
Solucin.u = cos(2 x)
dv = dx
s e n(2 x) ] 2dx
[
v=x
du =
x
1 + cos(2 x)
1
1
2
dx = dx + cos(2 x)dx
cos ( x)dx =
2
2
2
1
1
x
x
= x + x cos(2 x) + 2 s e n(2 x)dx = + cos(2 x) + s e n(2 x)dx
2
2
2 2
Integral que se desarrolla por partes:
u = s e n(2 x)
dv = dx
cos(2 x) ] 2dx
[
v=x
du =
x
x x
= + cos(2 x) + x s e n(2 x) 2 cos(2 x)dx ,
2 2
Dado que apareci nuevamente: cos(2 x)dx , igualamos:
x x
x 1
+ cos(2 x)dx = + cos(2 x) + x s e n(2 x) 2 cos(2 x)dx , de donde:
2 2
2 2
x
5
cos(2 x)dx = cos(2 x) + x s e n(2 x) + c
2
2
1
x
x
cos(2 x)dx = cos(2 x) + s e n(2 x) + c , Por tanto:
2
10
5
x x
x
2
cos ( x)dx = 2 + 10 cos(2 x) + 5 s e n(2 x) + c
( x)
dx
, Se tiene:
4.60.-
dx , Sustituyendo por: w = x, dw =
x
x
Solucin. ( x)
x dx = wdw , Esta integral se desarrolla por partes:
u = w
dv = dw
dw
du =
v=w
w
= w w dw = w w w + c = w( w 1) + c = x [ ( x) 1] + c
101
4.61.- x + 1 dx
Solucin.u = x +1
dx
du =
x +1
dv = dx
v=x
xdx
1
= x x + 1 1
dx
x +1
x +1
= x x +1 x + x +1 + c
x + 1 dx = x x + 1
4.62.- x 2 e x dx
Solucin.u = x2
du = 2 xdx
2 x
2 x
x
x e dx = x e 2 xe dx
dv = e x dx
v = ex
du = dx
v = ex
= x 2 e x 2 xe x e x dx = x 2 e x 2 xe x + 2e x + c
4.63.- cos n xdx = cos n 1 x cos xdx
Solucin.u = cos n 1 x
du = (n 1) cos n 2 x( s e n x)dx
dv = cos xdx
v = sen x
n 1
n 1
x s e n x + (n 1) cos n 2 xdx
cos n 1 x s e n x (n 1)
+
cos n 2 xdx
n
n
n
n 1
4.64.- s e n xdx = s e n x s e n xdx
n
cos xdx =
Solucin.u = s e n n 1 x
du = (n 1) s e n n 2 x(cos x)dx
dv = s e n xdx
v = cos x
= s e n n 1 x cos x + (n 1) (1 s e n 2 x) s e n n 2 xdx
102
s e n xdx = s e n
n s e n xdx = s e n
n 1
n 1
x cos x + (n 1) s e n n 2 xdx
s e n n 1 x cos x (n 1)
+
s e n n 2 xdx
n
n
4.65.- x m ( x)n dx = x m +1 ( x)n n x m ( x)n 1 dx m x m ( x)n dx
n
s e n xdx =
Solucin.u = x m ( x)n
dv = dx
m
n 1 dx
m 1
n
v=x
du = x n( x)
+ mx ( x) dx
x
Se tiene: (m + 1) x m ( x) n dx = x m +1 ( x) n n x m ( x) n 1 dx
m
n
x ( x) dx =
x m +1 ( x) n
n
x m ( x) n 1 dx
(m + 1)
(m + 1)
4.66.- x3 ( x) 2 dx
Solucin.Puede desarrollarse como caso particular del ejercicio anterior, haciendo:
m = 3, n = 2
x3+1 ( x) 2
2
x 4 ( x) 2 1 3
3
2 1
x ( x) dx = 3 + 1 3 + 1 x ( x) dx = 4 2 x ( x)dx
Para la integral resultante: x3 ( x)dx
3
x 4 ( x) 1 3
x 4 ( x) x 4
x dx =
+ c , introduciendo en:
4
4
4
16
4
2
4
4
x ( x)
x
x
3
2
x ( x) dx = 4 8 ( x) + 32 + c
4.67.- x n e x dx
3
x ( x)dx =
Solucin.u = xn
dv = e x dx
du = nx n 1dx
v = ex
n x
n x
n 1 x
x e dx = x e n x e dx
4.68.- x3e x dx
Solucin.u = x3
du = 3x 2 dx
dv = e x dx
v = ex
103
x 2 e x dx = x 2 e x 2 xe x dx , Adems: xe x dx = xe x e x dx = xe x e x + c
Reemplazando en y luego en :
3 x
3 x
2 x
x
x
x e dx = x e 3 x e 2( xe e ) + c
x e dx = e ( x 3x + 6 x 6) + c
4.69.- sec xdx = sec x sec xdx
3 x
n2
Solucin.u = sec n 2 x
= sec
n2
x gx (n 2) g x sec
2
n2
xdx = sec
dv = sec 2 xdx
v = gx
n2
sec
3 1
3 1
2
2
sec x gx 1
=
+ sec x gx + c
2
2
4.71.- x xdx
Solucin.u = x
dx
du =
x
2
x
xdx
x xdx = 2 x 2 =
4.72.- x n ax dx, n 1
dv = xdx
v=
x2
2
x2
1
x x2 + c
2
4
Solucin.dv = xdx
u = ax
x n +1
dx
v=
du =
n +1
x
n +1
x
1
x n +1
x n +1
n
n
x
ax
dx
=
ax
x
dx
=
ax
+c
(n + 1) 2
n +1
n +1
n +1
104
du =
1 a2 x2
dv = dx
v=x
axdx
1 a2 x2
= x arcs e n ax +
1 (2a 2 x)dx
2a 1 a 2 x 2
1 (1 a 2 x 2 ) 2
1
+ c = x arcs e n ax +
1 a2 x2 + c
1
a
2a
2
4.74.- x s e n axdx
1
= x arcs e n ax +
Solucin.-
dv = s e n axdx
u=x
1
v = cos ax
a
du = dx
x
s e n ax + c
1
x
s e n ax cos ax + c
2
a
a
2
4.75.- x cos axdx
=
Solucin.-
u = x2
du = 2 xdx
dv = cos axdx
1
v = s e n ax
a
x2
2
s e n ax x s e n axdx , aprovechando el ejercicio anterior:
a
a
2
x
2 1
x
x2
2
2x
= s e n ax 2 s e n ax cos ax + c = s e n ax 3 s e n ax 2 cos ax + c
a
aa
a
a
a
a
2
x cos axdx =
u=x
du = dx
dv = sec 2 axdx
1
v = gax
a
x
1
x
11
2
x sec axdx = a gax a gaxdx = a gax a a sec ax + c
x
1
= gax 2 sec ax + c
a
a
4.77.- cos( x)dx
Solucin.-
105
u = cos( x)
dv = dx
s e n( x)
du =
dx
v=x
x
cos( x)dx = x cos( x) + s e n( x)dx , aprovechando el ejercicio:4.43
x
x
x
[s e n( x) cos( x)] + c = x cos( x) + s e n( x) cos( x) + c
2
2
2
x
[ cos( x) + s e n( x)] + c
2
4.78.- (9 + x 2 )dx
=
Solucin.u = (9 + x 2 )
2 xdx
du =
9 + x2
dv = dx
v=x
(9 + x 2 )dx = x (9 + x 2 ) 2
= x (9 + x 2 ) 2 dx + 18
x 2 dx
9
= x (9 + x 2 ) 2 1
dx
2
2
9+ x
9+ x
dx
=x (9 + x 2 ) 2 x + 6 arc g x + c
2
3
9+ x
u=x
dv = cos(2 x + 1)dx
1
v = s e n(2 x + 1)
2
x
1
x cos(2 x + 1)dx = 2 s e n(2 x + 1) 2 s e n(2 x + 1)dx
x
1
= s e n(2 x + 1) + cos(2 x + 1) + c
2
4
4.80.- x arc sec xdx
du = dx
x2
du =
v=
x x2 1
2
2
x
1
xdx
x2
1 2
x arc sec xdx = 2 arc sec x 2 x 2 1 = 2 arc sec x 2 x 1 + c
4.81.- arc sec xdx
Solucin.-
106
u = arc sec x
dv = dx
1 dx
du =
2 x x 1
v=x
dx
1
= x arc sec x x 1 + c
2
x 1
a2 x2
dx
x 2 dx
dx = a 2
4.82.- a 2 x 2 dx =
a2 x2
a2 x2
a2 x2
x
xdx
= a 2 arcs e n x
, integral que se desarrolla por partes:
a
a2 x2
Solucin.xdx
dv =
u=x
a2 x2
du = dx
v = a2 x2
x
= a 2 arcs e n x a 2 x 2 + a 2 x 2 dx , Se tiene que:
a
x
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a x dx = a arcs e n a + x a x a x dx , De donde:
x
2 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 arcs e n + x a 2 x 2 + c
a
2
a
x x 2
2
2
2
a x dx = 2 arcs e n a + 2 a x + c
4.83.- 1 x dx
arc sec
Solucin.u = 1 x
dx
du =
1 x
dv = dx
v=x
1 x dx = x 1 x
= x 1 x dx
xdx
1
= x 1 x 1 +
dx
x 1
x 1
dx
= x 1 x x x 1 + c
x 1
4.84.- ( x 2 + 1)dx
Solucin.u = ( x 2 + 1)
2 xdx
du = 2
x +1
dv = dx
v=x
( x 2 + 1)dx = x ( x 2 + 1) 2
x 2 dx
1
= x ( x 2 + 1) 2 1 2 dx
2
x +1
x +1
= x ( x 2 + 1) 2 x + 2 arc gx + c
107
dx 1
du =
1+ x 2 x
dv = dx
v=x
1
xdx
En la integral resultante, se recomienda la
2 1+ x
sustitucin: x = t , esto es x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt
arc g
xdx = x arc g x
t 2 tdt
t 2 dt
1
1 + t 2 = x arc g x 1 + t 2 = x arc g x 1 1 + t 2 dt
dt
= x arc g x dt +
= x arc g x t + arc gt + c
1+ t2
= x arc g x x + arc g x + c
x arcs e n x
4.86.-
dx
1 x2
Solucin.u = arcs e n x
xdx
dv =
dx
1 x2
du =
1 x2
v = 1 x2
x arcs e n x
2
2
1 x 2 dx = 1 x arcs e n x + dx = 1 x arcs e n x + x + c
1
= x arc g x
2
u = arc g x 2 1
du =
dx
v=
x x2 1
2
x arc g x 1dx =
x arc gx
dx
( x 2 + 1) 2
Solucin.-
x2
2
x2
1
xdx
x2
1 2
arc g x 2 1
= arc g x 2 1
x 1 + c
2
2
2
2
x 1 2
4.88.-
xdx
( x + 1) 2
dx
du = 2
1
v=
x +1
2( x 2 + 1)
x arc gx
arc gx 1
dx
( x2 + 1)2 dx = 2( x 2 + 1) + 2 ( x 2 + 1)2 , Se recomienda la siguiente sustitucin:
u = arc gx
dv =
108
du =
1
v=
1 x2
1 x2
xdx
arcs e n x
dx
arcs e n x 1
1 x
arcs e n x (1 x 2 )3 = 1 x 2 1 x2 = 1 x 2 + 2 1 + x + c
=
4.90.- x 2 1 xdx
Solucin.dv = x 2 dx
u = 1 x
dx
x3
du =
v=
2 1 x
3
3
3
x
1 x dx
2
x 1 xdx = 3 1 x + 6 1 x , Se recomienda
sustitucin: 1 x = t , o sea: x = 1 t 2 , De donde: dx = 2tdt
1 (1 t 2 )3 ( 2 t dt ) x3
1
x3
=
1 x +
1 x (1 t 2 )3 dt
=
3
3
3
t
6
usar
la
siguiente
x3
1
x3
1
3t 5 t 7
1 x (1 3t 2 + 3t 4 t 6 )dt =
1 x (t t 3 +
)+c
3
3
3
3
5 7
x3
1
3
3
1 x 1 x (1 x) 1 x + (1 x) 2 1 x (1 x)3 1 x + c
=
3
3
5
7
1 x
3
3
1
3
2
3
x 1 (1 x) + 5 (1 x) 7 (1 x) + c
109
110
CAPITULO 5
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES CUADRATICAS
Una funcin cuadrtica, es de la forma: ax 2 + bx + c y si sta aparece en el
denominador, la integral que la contiene se hace fcil de encontrar, para la cual
conviene diferenciar dos tipos esenciales en lo que se refiere al numerador.
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
dx
x + 2x + 5
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados, se tiene:
x 2 + 2 x + 5 = ( x 2 + 2 x + __) + 5 __ = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 5 1 = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 4
x 2 + 2 x + 5 = ( x + 1) 2 + 22 , luego se tiene:
dx
dx
x2 + 2 x + 5 = ( x + 1)2 + 22 . Sea: w = x + 1, dw = dx; a = 2
dx
dw
1
w
1
x +1
( x + 1)2 + 22 = w2 + 22 = 2 arc g a + c = 2 arc g 2 + c
dx
1
x +1
Respuesta: 2
= arc g
+c
x + 2x + 5 2
2
dx
5.2.-Encontrar: 2
4x + 4x + 2
dx
dx
1
dx
Solucin.- 2
=
= 2
2
4x + 4x + 2
4( x + x + 1 ) 4 x + x + 1
2
2
Completando cuadrados:
1
1 1 1
1 1
x 2 + x + 1 = ( x 2 + x + __) + __ = ( x 2 + x + ) + = ( x 2 + x + ) +
2
2
4 2 4
4 4
1
1
1
( x 2 + x + ) = ( x + )2 + ( )2 , luego se tiene:
2
2
2
1
dx
1
dx
, Sea: w = x + 1 , dw = dx; a = 1
=
2
2
2
4 x +x+ 1
4 ( x + 1 )2 + ( 1 )2
2
2
2
x+ 1
1
1
11
1 1
dx
dw
w
2 +c
arc
arc
=
=
=
+
=
g
c
g
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
a
4 (x + ) + ( )
4 w +a
4a
4
2
2
2
2
2x + 1
1
1
2
+ c = arc g (2 x + 1) + c
= arc g
1
2
2
2
5.1.-Encontrar:
111
dx
1
= arc g (2 x + 1) + c
4x + 4x + 2 2
2 xdx
5.3.-Encontrar: 2
x x +1
2
Solucin.- u = x x + 1, du = (2 x 1)dx
2 xdx
(2 x 1 + 1)dx
(2 x 1)dx
dx
du
dx
x2 x + 1 = x2 x + 1 = x2 x + 1 + x2 x + 1 = u + x2 x + 1
Completando cuadrados:
1
1
x 2 x + 1 = ( x 2 x + __) + 1__ = ( x 2 x + ) + 1
4
4
3
x 2 x + 1 = ( x 2 1 ) 2 + , Luego se tiene:
2
4
du
dx
du
du
du
dx
u + x2 x + 1 = u + 1 2 3 = u + 1 2 3 2
(x ) + (
)
(x ) +
2
2
2
4
1
3
, luego:
w = x , dw = dx; a =
2
2
1
du
dx
du
dw
w
u + 1 2 3 2 = u + w2 + a 2 = u + a arc g a + c
(x ) + (
)
2
2
2x 1
1
x
1
2
3
2
2 + c = x2 x + 1 +
arc g
arc g
+c
= x2 x + 1 +
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2 xdx
2 3
2x 1
Respuesta: 2
= x2 x + 1 +
arc g
+c
x x +1
3
3
x 2 dx
5.4.-Encontrar: 2
x + 2x + 5
Solucin.x 2 dx
2x + 5
2x + 5
x2 + 2 x + 5 = 1 x2 + 2 x + 5 dx = dx x 2 + 2 x + 5 dx ,
Sea: u = x 2 + 2 x + 5, du = (2 x + 2)dx
Ya se habr dado cuenta el lector que tiene que construir en el numerador, la
expresin: (2 x + 2)dx . Luego se tiene:
(2 x + 2 + 3)
(2 x + 2)dx
dx
= dx 2
dx = dx 2
+ 3 2
,
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
Completando cuadrados, se tiene:
x 2 + 2 x + 5 = ( x 2 + 2 x + __) + 5 __ = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 5 1 = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 4 = ( x + 1) 2 + 22
Luego se admite como forma equivalente a la anterior:
du
dx
dx u 3 ( x + 1)2 + 22 , Sea: w = x + 1, dw = dx; a = 2 , luego:
Respuesta:
112
du
dw
1
w
3 2
= x u 3 arc g + c
2
u
w +a
a
a
3
x
+
1
= x x 2 + 2 x + 5 arc g
+c
2
2
x 2 dx
3
x +1
Respuesta: 2
= x x 2 + 2 x + 5 arc g
+c
2
2
x + 2x + 5
2x 3
5.5.-Encontrar: 2
dx
x + 2x + 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 2 x + 2, du = (2 x + 2)dx
2x 3
2x + 2 5
2x + 2
dx
x2 + 2 x + 2dx = x 2 + 2 x + 2dx = x 2 + 2 x + 2dx 5 x 2 + 2 x + 2
du
dx
= dx 5 2
, Completando cuadrados:
u
x + 2x + 2
x 2 + 2 x + 2 = ( x + 1) 2 + 12 . Luego:
du
dx
= dx 5
, Sea: w = x + 1, du = dx; a = 1 . Entonces se tiene:
u
( x + 1) 2 + 12
du
dx
1
w
= dx 5 2
= u 5 arc g + c = x 2 + 2 x + 5 5arc g ( x + 1) + c
2
u
w +a
a
a
2x 3
Respuesta: 2
dx = x 2 + 2 x + 5 5arc g ( x + 1) + c
x + 2x + 2
dx
5.6.-Encontrar:
2
x 2x 8
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene: x 2 2 x 8 = ( x 1) 2 32
dx
dx
x 2 2 x 8 = ( x 1)2 32 , Sea: w = x 1, dw = dx; a = 3
dw
=
= w + w2 a 2 + c = x 1 + x 2 2 x 8 + c
2
2
w a
dx
Respuesta:
= x 1 + x2 2 x 8 + c
2
x 2x 8
xdx
5.7.-Encontrar:
x2 2 x + 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 2 x + 5, du = (2 x 2)dx . Luego:
xdx
1
2 xdx
1 2x 2 + 2
x 2 2 x + 5 = 2 x 2 2 x + 5 = 2 x 2 2 x + 5 dx
1 (2 x 2)dx
2
dx
1 du
dx
=
+
=
+
2
u
x2 2 x + 5 2
x2 2 x + 5 2
x2 2x + 5
2
Completando cuadrados se tiene: x + 2 x + 5 = ( x 1) 2 + 22 . Por lo tanto:
= dx
113
1 1 2
dx
. Sea: w = x 1, du = dx; a = 2
u du +
2
( x 1) 2 + 22
1
1 1
dw
1 u2
1
= u 2 du +
=
+ w + w2 + a 2 + c = u 2 + w + w 2 + a 2 + c
2
2
2
2 1
w +a
2
= x2 + 2x + 5 + x 1 + x2 2x + 5 + c
Respuesta:
xdx
= x2 2x + 5 + x 1 + x2 2x + 5 + c
x 2x + 5
( x + 1)dx
5.8.-Encontrar:
2 x x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 2 x x 2 , du = (2 2 x)dx .Luego:
( x + 1)dx
1 2( x + 1)dx
1 (2 x 2)dx
1 (2 x + 2 4)dx
2 x x2 = 2 2 x x2 = 2 2 x x2 = 2 2 x x2
1 (2 2 x)dx 4
dx
1 du
dx
=
+
=
+ 2
2
2
u
2 x x2 2
2x x2
2x x2
2
2
Completando cuadrados: 2 x x = ( x 2 x) = ( x 2 2 x + 1 1) = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 1
2
u2
dw
w
1
2
1 du + 2 a 2 w2 = u 2 + 2 arcs e n a + c = 2 x x + 2 arcs e n( x 1) + c
2
( x + 1)dx
= 2 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n( x 1) + c
Respuesta:
2
2x x
xdx
5.9.-Encontrar:
5x2 2 x + 1
Solucin.- Sea: u = 5 x 2 2 x + 1, du = (10 x 2)dx . Luego:
xdx
1
10 xdx
1 (10 x 2 + 2)dx
5 x2 2 x + 1 = 10 5 x 2 2 x + 1 = 10 5 x2 2 x + 1
1 (10 x 2)dx
2
dx
1 du 1
dx
=
+
=
+
2
2
2
10
u 5 5x 2 x + 1
5 x 2 x + 1 10
5 x 2 x + 1 10
dx
dx
1 du 1
1
1
1
=
+
= u 2 du +
10
u 5
5 5
5( x 2 2 x + 1 ) 10
( x2 2 x + 1 )
5
5
5
5
2
1
2
1
Completando cuadrados: x 2 x + = ( x 2 x + __) + __
5
5
5
5
2
1
1
1
= ( x2 x + ) +
= ( x 1 ) 2 + ( 2 ) 2 , Luego es equivalente:
5
5
5
25 5 25
=
114
1
1
dx
1
, Sea: w = x 1 , dw = dx; a = 2 ,
u 2 du +
5
5
2
2
10
5 5
1
2
(x ) + ( )
5
5
1
1
1
1 u2
1
dw
1
2
Entonces: = u du +
=
+
w + w2 + a 2 + c
2
2
1
10
10
5 5
5 5
w +a
2
=
5x2 2 x + 1
1
1
5x2 2 x + 1
+
+c
x +
5
5
5 5
5
Respuesta:
xdx
5x2 2 x + 1
5
1
5x2 2x + 1
+
+c
x +
5
25
5
5
5x2 2 x + 1
xdx
5.10.-Encontrar:
5 + 4 x x2
Solucin.- u = 5 + 4 x x 2 , du = (4 2 x)dx . Luego:
2 xdx
xdx
1
1 (2 x + 4 4)dx
5 + 4 x x2 = 2 5 + 4 x x2 = 2 5 + 4 x x2
1 (4 2 x)dx
4
dx
1 du
dx
=
+
=
+ 2
2
2
2
2
2
u
5 + 4x x
5 + 4x x
5 + 4 x x2
Completando cuadrados: 5 + 4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x 5) = ( x 2 4 x + 4 4 5)
= ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 9 = 9 ( x 2) 2 = 32 ( x 2) 2 . Equivalente a:
1 1
dx
. Sea: w = x 2, dw = dx; a = 3 . Entonces:
= u 2 du + 2
2
2
3 ( x 2) 2
1
1 1
dw
1 u2
w
= u 2 du + 2
=
+ 2 arcs e n + c
2
a
2 1
a 2 w2
2
x2
= 5 + 4 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n
+c
3
xdx
x2
Respuesta:
= 5 + 4 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n
+c
2
3
5 + 4x x
dx
5.11.-Encontrar:
2 + 3x 2 x 2
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
3
9 25
2 + 3x 2 x 2 = (2 x 2 3 x 2) = 2( x 2 3 x 1) = 2( x 2 x + )
2
2
16 16
3
9
25
= 2 ( x 2 x + ) = 2 ( x 3 ) 2 ( 5 ) 2 = 2 ( 5 ) 2 ( x 3 ) 2 , luego:
4
4
4
4
2
16 16
1
dx
dx
dx
=
2 + 3x 2 x 2 = 5 2
2
2
( 5 ) ( x 3 )2
2 ( ) ( x 3 )2
4
4
4
4
Sea: w = x 3 , dw = dx, a = 5 . Luego:
4
4
115
x 3
1
1
1
1
dx
dw
w
4 +c
arcs
e
n
c
arcs
e
n
=
=
+
=
2
2
5
2
2
a
2
2
2
2
a w
(5 ) (x 3 )
4
4
4
2
4x 3
=
arcs e n
+c
2
5
dx
2
4x 3
Respuesta:
=
arcs e n
+c
2
5
2 + 3x 2 x 2
dx
5.12.-Encontrar: 2
3 x + 12 x + 42
Solucin.dx
dx
1
dx
1
dx
3x 2 + 12 x + 42 = 3( x 2 + 4 x + 14) = 3 ( x2 + 4 x + 14) = 3 ( x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 10) =
1
dx
1
dx
1 1
x+2
=
=
=
+c
arc g
2
2
2
3 ( x + 2) + 10 3 ( x + 2) + ( 10)
3 10
10
=
dx
10
x+2
=
arc g
+c
3x + 12 x + 42 30
10
3x 2
5.13.-Encontrar: 2
dx
x 4x + 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 4 x + 5, du = (2 x 4)dx , Luego:
3x 2
xdx
dx
( x 2) + 2
dx
x2 4 x + 5dx = 3 x 2 4 x + 5 2 x2 4 x + 5 = 3 x2 4 x + 5 2 x 2 4 x + 5
dx
dx
dx
( x 2)
3 du
= 3 2
+ 6 2
2 2
=
+ 4 2
x 4x + 5
x 4x + 5
x 4x + 5 2 u
x 4x + 5
3 du
dx
3
dx
=
+ 4 2
= x 2 4 x + 5 + 4
2 u
( x 4 x + 4) + 1 2
( x 2) 2 + 1
3
= x 2 4 x + 5 + 4 arc g ( x 2) + c
2
3x 2
3
Respuesta: 2
dx = x 2 4 x + 5 + 4 arc g ( x 2) + c
2
x 4x + 5
Respuesta:
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Usando Esencialmente la tcnica tratada, encontrar las integrales siguientes:
5.14.- x 2 + 2 x 3dx
5.15.- 12 + 4x x 2 dx
5.16.- x 2 + 4 xdx
5.17.- x 2 8 xdx
5.18.- 6x x 2 dx
5.19.-
(5 4 x)dx
12 x 4 x 2 8
116
5.20.-
xdx
27 + 6 x x 2
dx
5.23.- 2
4 x + 4 x + 10
3
2 ( x + 2 )dx
5.26.- 2
3 9 x 12 x + 8
3dx
5.29.-
80 + 32 x 4 x 2
5.32.- 12 8 x 4 x 2 dx
5.35.-
(1 x)dx
8 + 2x x
( x + 2)dx
5.38.- 2
x + 2x + 2
( x 1)dx
5.41.- 2
x + 2x + 2
( x 1)dx
3x 2 4 x + 3
(2 x + 2)dx
5.24.- 2
x 4x + 9
( x + 6)dx
5.27.-
5 4x x2
5.21.-
dx
5.30.-
12 x 4 x 2 8
5.33.- x 2 x + 5 dx
4
xdx
x + 4x + 5
(2 x + 1)dx
5.39.- 2
x + 8x 2
5.36.-
5.22.-
5.25.-
(2 x 3)dx
x 2 + 6 x + 15
(2 x + 4)dx
4 x x2
dx
5.28.- 2
2 x + 20 x + 60
5.31.-
5dx
28 12 x x 2
dx
5.34.- 2
x 2x + 5
(2 x + 3)dx
5.37.- 2
4x + 4x + 5
dx
5.40.-
x2 6 x
RESPUESTAS
5.14.- x 2 2 x 3dx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 2 x 3 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) 3 1 = ( x 1) 2 4 = ( x 1) 2 22
Haciendo: u = x 1, du = dx; a = 2 , se tiene:
x 2 2 x 3dx = ( x 1) 2 22 dx = u 2 a 2 du
1
1
= u u2 a2 a2 u + u2 a2 + c
2
2
1
1
= ( x 1) ( x 1) 2 22 22 ( x 1) + ( x 1)2 22 + c
2
2
1
= ( x 1) x 2 2 x 3 2 ( x 1) + x 2 2 x 3 + c
2
5.15.- 12 + 4x x 2 dx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
12 + 4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x 12) = ( x 2 4 x + 4 12 4) = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 16
= 42 ( x 2) 2
Haciendo: u = x 2, du = dx; a = 4 , se tiene:
1
1
u
12 + 4 x x 2 dx = 42 ( x 2) 2 dx = a 2 u 2 du = u a 2 u 2 + a 2 arcs e n + c
2
2
a
117
1
1
( x 2)
= ( x 2) 42 ( x 2)2 + 42 arcs e n
+c
2
2
4
1
( x 2)
= ( x 2) 12 + 4 x x 2 + 8arcs e n
+c
2
4
5.16.- x 2 + 4 xdx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 + 4 x = ( x 2 + 4 x + 4) 4 = ( x + 2) 2 22
Haciendo: u = x + 2, du = dx; a = 2 , se tiene:
x 2 + 4 xdx = ( x + 2) 2 22 dx = u 2 a 2 du
1
1
= u u2 a2 a2 u + u2 a2 + c
2
2
1
1
= ( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2 22 22 ( x + 2) + ( x + 2) 2 22 + c
2
2
( x + 2) 2
=
x + 4 x 2 ( x + 2) + x 2 + 4 x + c
2
5.17.- x 2 8 xdx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 8 x = ( x 2 8 x + 16) 16 = ( x 4) 2 42
Haciendo: u = x 4, du = dx; a = 4 , se tiene:
1
1 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
( x 4) 4 dx = u a du = 2 u u a 2 a u + u a + c
1
1
= ( x 4) ( x 4) 2 42 42 ( x 4) + ( x 4) 2 42 + c
2
2
( x 4) 2
=
x 8 x 8 ( x 4) + x 2 8 x + c
2
5.18.- 6x x 2 dx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
6 x x 2 = ( x 2 6 x) = ( x 2 6 x + 9 9) = ( x 2 6 x + 9) + 9 = 32 ( x 3) 2
Haciendo: u = x 3, du = dx; a = 3 , se tiene:
u
1
1 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6 x x dx = 3 ( x 3) dx = a u du = 2 u a u + 2 a arcs e n a + c
x 3
1
1
= ( x 3) 32 ( x 3) 2 + 32 arcs e n
+c
2
2
3
( x 3)
9
x 3
6 x x 2 + arcs e n
=
+c
2
2
3
(5 4 x)dx
5.19.-
12 x 4 x 2 8
Solucin.- Sea: u = 12 x 4 x 2 8, du = (12 8 x)dx
118
12 x 4 x 2 8
12 x 4 x 2 8 2 12 x 4 x 2 8 2 12 x 4 x 2 8
1 (8 x + 12 2)dx 1 (8 x + 12)dx
dx
=
=
2
2
2
12 x 4 x 8 2 12 x 4 x 8
12 x 4 x 2 8
1 (8 x + 12)dx
1 (8 x + 12)dx 1
dx
dx
=
=
2
2
2
2 12 x 4 x 8
4(3x x 2) 2 12 x 4 x 8 2
3x x 2 2
(5 4 x)dx
(4 x + 5)dx
9 9
9 9
3 x x 2 2 = ( x 2 3x + 2) = ( x 2 3 x + + 2) = ( x 2 3 x + ) + 2
4 4
4 4
1 1
3
= ( x 3 ) 2 + = ( ) 2 ( x ) 2
2
4 2
2
1 (8 x + 12)dx 1
dx
=
2 12 x 4 x 2 8 2
( 1 )2 ( x 3 )2
2
2
2
Haciendo: u = 12 x 4 x 8, du = (12 8 x)dx y w = x 3 , dw = dx , entonces:
2
1
2
w
1 du 1
1 u
1
dw
arcs e n
+c
=
=
1
2
2
2 1
u 2
( 1 ) 2 w2
2
2
2
1
1
1
= u 2 arcs e n 2 w + c = 12 x 4 x 2 8 arcs e n(2 x 3) + c
2
2
xdx
5.20.-
27 + 6 x x 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 27 + 6 x x 2 , du = (6 2 x)dx
2 xdx
xdx
1
1 (2 x + 6 6)dx
27 + 6 x x2 = 2 27 + 6 x x 2 = 2 27 + 6 x x2
1 (2 x + 6)dx
dx
1 du
dx
=
+ 3
=
+ 3
2
2
2
2
u
27 + 6 x x
27 + 6 x x
27 + 6 x x 2
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
27 + 6 x x 2 = ( x 2 6 x 27) = ( x 2 6 x + 9 9 27) = ( x 2 6 x + 9) + 36
= 62 ( x 3) 2 , Luego:
x 3
1 1 2
dx
1 u2
u du + 3
=
+ 3arcs e n
+c
2
6
2 1
62 ( x 3) 2
2
x 3
x3
1
= u 2 + 3arcs e n
+ c = 27 + 6 x x 2 + 3arcs e n
+c
6
6
( x 1)dx
5.21.- 2
3x 4 x + 3
Solucin.- Sea: u = 3x 2 4 x + 3, du = (6 x 4)dx
( x 1)dx
1 (6 x 6)dx 1 (6 x 4 2)dx 1 (6 x 4)dx 1
dx
3x 2 4 x + 3 = 6 3x 2 4 x + 3 = 6 3x 2 4 x + 3 = 6 3x 2 4 x + 3 3 3x 2 4 x + 3
1
119
dx
dx
1 du 1
1 du 1
2
=
6 u 3 3x 4 x + 3 6 u 3 3( x 2 4 x + 1)
3
1 du 1
dx
=
2
4
6 u 9 (x
x + 1)
3
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
4
4
4
4
4
4 5
x 2 x + 1 = ( x 2 x + ) + 1 = ( x 2 x + ) + = ( x 2 )2 + ( 5 )2
3
3
3
3
9
9
3
9 9
x2
1 du 1
1
1 1
dx
3 +c
=
= u
arc g
6 u 9 ( x 2 )2 + ( 5 )2 6
9 5
5
3
3
3
3
1
5
3x 2
= 3x 2 4 x + 3
arc g
+c
6
15
5
(2 x 3)dx
5.22.- 2
x + 6 x + 15
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 6 x + 15, du = (2 x + 6)dx
dx
(2 x 3)dx
(2 x + 6 9)dx
(2 x + 6)dx
x2 + 6 x + 15 = x 2 + 6 x + 15 = x2 + 6 x + 15 9 x 2 + 6 x + 15
du
dx
=
9 2
, Completando cuadrados se tiene:
u
x + 6 x + 15
x 2 + 6 x + 15 = ( x 2 + 6 x + 9) + 15 9 = ( x + 3) 2 + 62 = ( x + 3) 2 + ( 6)2
du
dx
1
x+3
=
9
= x 2 + 6 x + 15 9
+c
arc g
2
2
u
( x + 3) + ( 6)
6
6
=
= x 2 + 6 x + 15
x+3
3 6
arc g
+c
2
6
dx
4 x + 4 x + 10
Solucin.dx
dx
1
dx
4 x 2 + 4 x + 10 = 4( x 2 + x + 5 ) = 4 ( x2 + x + 5 ) , Completando cuadrados:
2
2
5
1 5 1
1
9
1
3
x 2 + x + = ( x 2 + x + ) + = ( x + )2 + = ( x + )2 + ( )2
2
4 2 4
2
4
2
2
1
x+
1
1 1
dx
2 + c = 1 arc g 2 x + 1 + c
=
=
arc g
1
3
3
3
4 ( x + )2 + ( )2 4
6
3
2
2
2
2
(2 x + 2)dx
5.24.- 2
x 4x + 9
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 4 x + 9, du = (2 x 4)dx
5.23.-
120
(2 x + 2)dx
(2 x 4 + 6)dx
(2 x 4)dx
dx
= 2
= 2
+ 6 2
2
4x + 9
x 4x + 9
x 4x + 9
x 4x + 9
du
dx
=
+ 6 2
, Completando cuadrados se tiene:
u
x 4x + 9
x 2 4 x + 9 = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 9 4 = ( x 2) 2 + 5 = ( x 2) 2 + ( 5) 2 ,
du
dx
1
x2
=
+ 6
= u +6
+c
arc g
2
2
u
( x 2) + ( 5)
5
5
= x2 4 x + 9 +
5.25.-
6 5
x2
arc g
+c
5
5
(2 x + 4)dx
4 x x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 4 x x 2 + 9, du = (4 2 x)dx
(2 x + 4)dx
(2 x 4)dx
(2 x + 4 8)dx
(2 x + 4)dx
dx
4 x x 2 = 4 x x 2 = 4 x x 2 = 4 x x 2 + 8 4 x x 2
dx
1
, Completando cuadrados se tiene:
= u 2 du + 8
4 x x2
4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x) = ( x 2 4 x + 4 4) = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 4 = 22 ( x 2) 2
dx
x2
1
1
= u 2 du + 8
= 2u 2 + 8arcs e n
+c
2
2
2
2 ( x 2)
= 2 4 x x 2 + 8arcs e n
x2
+c
2
3
2 ( x + 2 )dx
5.26.- 2
3 9 x 12 x + 8
Solucin.- Sea: u = 9 x 2 12 x + 8, du = (18 x 12)dx
3
2 ( x + 2 )dx
2 1 (18 x + 27)dx 1 (18 x + 27)dx 1 (18 x 12 + 39)dx
=
=
=
2
3 9 x 12 x + 8 3 18 9 x 2 12 x + 8 27 9 x 2 12 x + 8 27 9 x 2 12 x + 8
dx
dx
1 (18 x 12)dx 39
1 du 39
=
+ 2
=
+
2
27 9 x 12 x + 8 27 9 x 12 x + 8 27 u 27 9( x 2 4 x + 8 )
3
9
dx
1 du
39
=
+
27 u 27 9 ( x 2 4 x + 8 )
3
9
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
4 8
4
4 8 4
x 2 + = ( x 2 x + ) + = ( x 2 )2 + 4 = ( x 2 )2 + ( 2 )2
3
9
3
3
3 9
3
9 9 9
x2
1 du
39
dx
1
39 1
3 +c
u
arc
g
=
+
=
+
2
27 u 27 9 ( x 2 ) 2 + ( 2 ) 2 27
27 9 2
3
3
3
3
121