AAP-5 Mission Profile 671010

05952-H262-RO-00
NATIONAL
AERONAUTICS
AND
SPACE
ADMINISTRATION
MSC INTERNAL NOTE NO. 67-FM-114

wi dj tL'I - \ % r \ f Dgjj( -'îaiy i Qr-
10 August 1967
PRELIMINARY REFERENCE MISSION PROFILE FOR APOLLO APPLICATIONS MISSION AAP-5 Technical Library, Beiicomm, Inc
By Mission Design Section TRW Systems Group
...V.V. '.V.V.'.V.
.v.-.v.v.
MSC Task Monitor; C. T. Osgood
;V. (NASA-TM-X-72224) P R E L I M I N A R Y BEFEBENCE I-'.-! MISSION PROFILE FOB APOLLO APPLICATIONS ;X; MISSION AAP-5 (NASA) 42 p 00/98
N75-72077 Onclas 17459
MISSION PLANNING AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
M A N N E D SPACECRAFT C E N T E R
HOUSTON, T E X A S
05952-H262-RO-00
W
MSC INTERNAL NOTE NO.67-FM-114
PRELIMINARY REFERENCE MISSION PROFILE FOR APOLLO APPLICATIONS MISSION AAP-5
10 AUGUST 1967
MISSION PLANNING AND ANALYSIS DIVISION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER HOUSTON, TEXAS NAS 9-4810
Prepared by R. L. Petty
F. W. Knopf
ty. -ji Approved by /jffiL. C. Lineberry, Chief Branch ' Rendezvous Analysis Br
NASA/MSC
Approved by ; Rj.fC. Petersburg Manager Spaceflight Operations Department TRW Systems Group
/ C
Approve
---Approved by R. W. Jojnnson, Manager Mission Design and Analysis, MTCP TRW Systems Group
W/vM ** ^ J. P. Mayer, Chief Mission Planning and Analysis Division NASA/MSC
Page Intentionally Left Blank
CONTENTS Page 1. 2. 3. INTRODUCTION NOMINAL MISSION DESCRIPTION MISSION ANALYSIS 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 4. Launch Window CSM-Active Rendezvous CSM/OWS Cluster Combination Coast CSM Deorbit and Entry 7 7 8 9 9 11 11 11 35 1
POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS 4. 1 4. 2 Launch Vehicle Performance Height (NH) Maneuver Schedule Conflict
REFERENCES
111
TABLES Page 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. AAP-5 Performance and Payload Summary MSFN Stations and Capabilities AAP-5 Maneuver Table Orbital Elements Following the Nominal AAP-5 Maneuvers AAP-5 SPS and SM-RCS Propellant Budget ,. . . . 13 14 15 16 20
ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. AAP-5/OWS Cluster Configuration Preliminary Launch Window for the AAP-5 Mission Recovery Opportunities in the West Atlantic Recovery Zone Major Event Timeline/CSM-Active Rendezvous Earth Ground Track/CSM-Active Rendezvous CSM/OWS Cluster Relative Motion During the CSM-Active Rendezvous . Relative Range and Range Rate/CSM-Active Rendezvous Orbital Geometry/CSM-Active Rendezvous 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 34
VI1
NOMENCLATURE AAP ATM CM CMC CMG CSM DKI ECS EPS GET GMT H~ IMU LiOH LM M MDA MSFN N,
*
Apollo Applications Program Apollo Telescope Mount Command Module Command Module Computer Control Moment Gyros, Command Service Module Docking Initiation , Environmental Control System. Electric Power Supply Ground Elapsed Time Greenwich Mean,Time Hydrogen . -. ., ., ,
;
'' "
. . . .
...'. .
. ... . ' . . .
Inertial Measurement Unit Lithium Hydroxide Lunar Module Apsis Number (= 1. 0 at First Apogee) Multiple Docking Adapter Manned Space Flight Network Nitrogen ^ . .
NASA NC 1 NCC NH NPC NSR
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Spacecraft Phase Adjustment Maneuver Spacecraft Corrective Combination Maneuver Spacecraft Height Maneuver Spacecraft Plane Change Maneuver Spacecraft Coelliptic Maneuver
IX:
NOMENCLATURE (Continued) O ^ OWS RCS RTCC S-IB S-IVB SCS SLA SM SPS TPI TPF UHF VHF AV deg fps ft hr Ib min n mi sec Oxygen Orbital Workshop Reaction Control System Real Time Computer Complex First Stage of Uprated Saturn I Launch Vehicle Second Stage of Uprated Saturn I Launch Vehicle Stabilization and Control Subsystem Spacecraft LM Adapter Service Module Service Propulsion System Terminal Phase Initiation Maneuver Terminal Phase Finalization Maneuver Ultra High Frequency Very High Frequency Velocity Increment degree feet per second foot hour pound minute nautical mile second ' ' . - - - '
1.
INTRODUCTION
The preliminary reference mission profile described in this document is designed for a manned-configured spacecraft on Apollo Applications Mission AAP-5. LM-ATM. This mission will consist of a revisit and reactivation of the low inclination (28. 87 degrees) cluster consisting of the OWS/MDA and The configuration after CSM docking is illustrated in Figure 1. Insertion of the spacecraft into the 81- by 120-nautical This cluster will have been in orbit approximately 231 days at the time of the AAP-5 launch. mile orbit will be accomplished by an Uprated Saturn I launch vehicle. The AAP-3 CSM spacecraft weight data were used in the generation of this document. The fuel loading was changed to reflect maximum fuel required for the dispersed case (Table 5). The second section of this report presents a description of the AAP-5 mission as it is conceived at the present time, while the third section presents the reasoning behind some of the decisions made in choosing this mission plan. The final section presents several potential problem areas associated with the mission as it is presented in this document.
2.
NOMINAL MISSION DESCRIPTION
For simulation purposes, the AAP-5 launch was assumed to occur on 4 September 1969, at 20 hours and 56 minutes Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (3:56 p.m. Eastern Standard Time). discussed in Section 3. 1. The date and time of launch were chosen due to certain launch window and lighting considerations to be The launch was assumed to occur f r o m Launch Complex 34 at Cape Kennedy, Florida. The spacecraft will separate from the S-IVB and, in the first 7 hours of the mission, perform an M = 4 rendezvous with the low inclination cluster which has been left in orbit from the previous AAP missions. OWS will originally be inserted into a 260-nautical mile circular orbit. After the OWS passivation is performed the vehicle will be in a 257- by 270-nautical mile orbit (Reference 4). Due to orbital decay, the cluster will, at the time of rendezvous, be in an orbit characterized by an apogee altitude of 254 nautical miles and a perigee altitude of 241 nautical miles. The rendezvous plan presented in this document requires six thrusting maneuvers and approximately 6 - 1 / 2 hours for completion. These maneuvers, the apsis number on which they are performed, the approximate velocity increment required, and the corresponding spacecraft ground elapsed time are presented below. Apsis (M) Number 1.5 2.0 2.75 3.0 Approximate AV (fps) 212 134 5 134 20 22
* GET (hr:min:sec)
The
Maneuver Height (NH) Phasing ( N C I ) Corrective combination (NCC) Coelliptic (NSR) Terminal phase initiation (TPI) Terminal phase finalization (TPF)
1:38:25 2:23:38 3:29:09 3:55:27 5:02:18 5:38:43
Ground elapsed time at mid-point of burn.

3
The height (NH) maneuver occurs one revolution or approximately 89 minutes after CSM insertion. This interval gives ample time and The 212. 5-foot per second maneuver opportunity for CSM orbit determination by the MSFN network before the NH maneuver is scheduled to occur. is initiated while the CSM is in contact with the Merritt Island-and Grand Bahama stations and will require an SPS burn duration of approximately 12. 7 seconds. The 45-minute interval between the height maneuver and This coverage should provide the Real Time Computer . the phasing ( N C I ) maneuver provides approximately 24 minutes of tracking or update support. Complex (RTCC) with accurate data for the NCI maneuver as well as means for an update of the command module computer (CMC) over the Redstone ship approximately 12 minutes before the maneuver is to occur., The nominal velocity increment and SPS burn time for this maneuver are 134.4 feet per second and 7. 8 seconds, respectively. MSFN coverage of the burn itself. There will be no The third maneuver in the rendezvous The NCC, in
plan is a corrective combination (NCC) maneuver which will occur-approximately 1 hour and 8 minutes after the NCI maneuver. conjunction with the coelliptic (NSR) maneuver, eliminates any differences between the planes of the two orbits and corrects any phasing or. height error which might be present at this time. Tracking by the Carnarvon, Hawaii, and continental United States tracking stations will provide information for a two-impulse NCC-NSR solution in time for a CMC update over the Antigua tracking station. The CSM will be in contact with the The nominal The NSR maneuAscension tracking station at the time of the maneuver. and will be performed by a 13. 2-second SM-RCS burn. ver.
NCC maneuver will consist of a 4. 6-foot per second velocity increment ver will occur 23 minutes or slightly over 90 degrees from the NCC maneuThis 134. 5-foot per second maneuver is designed to place the CSM The in a coelliptic orbit, 10 nautical miles below the OWS cluster.
maneuver is accomplished by a 7. 7-second SPS burn and will be covered by the Tananarive station and the Redstone tracking ship. After coasting 1 hour and 7 minutes in this coelliptic orbit, the CSM will perform the terminal phase initiation (TPI) maneuver. Again, very good tracking is available between the NSR and TPI maneuvers, but no coverage is available during the TPI maneuver approximately 11 minutes after entering darkness.
Terminal phase finalization (TPF), or final braking, will begin soon after loss of contact with the Tananarive station; the crew should be ready to receive the final go-ahead for docking by the time they are over the Guam, Mercury Ship, or Hawaii tracking sites. The remainder of the mission will consist of crew experiments while the CSM is docked with the OWS cluster. tion at the present time. The mission will be terminated by the splashdown of the command module (CM) in the West Atlantic recovery zone. The time of the splashAt present, down will depend upon the length of the mission flown. sidered. Pertinent data relating to the AAP-5 mission and, specifically, the CSM-active rendezvous are presented in the tables and figures following Section 4. No attempt will be made to describe or simulate this portion of the mission due to the lack of defini-
missions of approximately 1-month and Z-month duration are being con-
page interi
3. 3.1 LAUNCH WINDOW
MISSION ANALYSIS
The preliminary launch window presented in Figure 2 is based on a 254- by 241-nautical mile orbit with an inclination of 28. 87 degrees. lift-off. This orbit was obtained by propagating the OWS cluster to the time of AAP-5 Because of the inability to accurately predict the OWS cluster orbit, the launch window data presented in Figure 2 should be regarded as representative only, subject to pre-mission and real-time updating. A minimum of 2 weeks between AAP-3 splashdown and AAP-5 launch is presently considered to be adequate. OWS. This interval would dictate an AAP-5 launch no earlier than on the 21 Oth day after the lift-off of the Two other constraints must also be taken into consideration when First, it is preferable that choosing the launch date and time of launch. local standard time at Cape Kennedy).
the launch should occur no later in the day than 21:00 GMT (4:00 p.m. This is to allow for daylight recovThe second considery in the Atlantic in the case of a suborbital abort. desired at the conclusion of the mission.
eration is that a daylight splashdown in the West Atlantic recovery zone is Figure 3 presents the, range of If splashdown is times in which deorbit from the OWS orbit into the West Atlantic recovery zone is possible for a range of days after OWS lift-off. desired between 6:00 a. m. and 5:00 p. m. local standard time, the figure illustrates that daylight recovery is possible from 225 to 257 and from 270 to 302 days after OWS lift-off. At this time, mission durations of Depending upon which For this to be 25-30 days and 55-60 days are being considered.
length of mission is finally selected, it is desirable that splashdown occur in one or the other of the above daylight recovery intervals. 232 days after OWS launch. possible, the AAP-5 launch should occur in the interval between 210 and The launch opportunity which occurs on the This was the first opportunity to The interval between 231st day after OWS lift-off was chosen.
occur in this interval of days which required a lift-off time before 4:00 p.m., thus satisfying the daylight abort recovery constraint. AAP-3 lift-off and AAP-5 lift-off will be approximately 93 days, while the interval between AAP-3 splashdown and AAP-5 lift-off will be approxi* mately 37 days. It can be seen from Figure 3 that, for the above AAP-5
lift-off time, mission lengths of 24 to 39 days will result in splashdown before sunrise. If a daylight recovery is desired for the 1-month mission, deorbit must be performed on or before the 23rd day. 3. 2 CSM-ACTIVE RENDEZVOUS This section of the document presents the reasons for choosing the rendezvous plan presented in Section 2. The first question which might arise is why the terminal phase portion of the rendezvous was placed in the fourth revolution rather than earlier or later into the mission. The answer is that an earlier rendezA later rendezvous would have vous would not have allowed sufficient time between the various maneuvers for adequate tracking and CMC update. have had sufficient ground coverage. extended the maneuvers so that the final burns and the docking would not The exact time of the TPI maneu-. This allows ver -within the fourth revolution was chosen so that the maneuver occurred . approximately 11 minutes after the vehicle entered darkness. occurs 36 minutes later. for acceptable lighting conditions during the braking maneuver which The sequence of maneuvers chosen for this rendezvous constitute a nominal docking initiation (DKI) plan (NH, N C I , NPC, NSR, TPI, and TPF maneuvers) with the plane change (NPC) and the NSR maneuvers replaced by an NCC-NSR two-impulse combination. reason for replacing the plane change maneuver is that it cannot be assigned any specific time in the plan; it must be performed at the intersection of the two orbit planes. maneuvers. This could very easily result in the plane change maneuver occurring too close in time to one of the other planned The NCC maneuver, on the other hand, is planned to occur A second reason for at a fixed length of time before the NSR maneuver. The ..
choosing the NCC maneuver is that, in addition to correcting the out-ofplane error, it will correct for any phasing and height differential dispersions which might be present at this time. vehicles at the time of the NSR maneuver. the target vehicle. As a result, the NCC maneuver The NCC maneuver will be will assure the correct height differential and phase angle between the two nominally small because the launch vehicle will yaw steer into the plane of Therefore, this maneuver will probably be performed This alleviates the with SM-RCS thrusters rather than the SPS engine.
problem of having to align the CSM IMU out-of-plane for the burn.
8
3. 3 CSM/OWS CLUSTER COMBINATION COAST As was mentioned in Section 2, due to a lack of definition no attempt has been made to simulate the portion of the mission between the CSMactive docking with the OWS cluster and the CSM separation for deorbit and splashdown. 3. 4 CSM DEORBIT AND ENTRY No attempt has been made to simulate an actual entry. required. Because of
the preliminary nature of this document, it was felt that this was not A study has been made, however, to determine the various opportunities for a deorbit and splashdown in the prime recovery zone. These data are presented in Figure 3.
le
^ 8/a
4. POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS 4. 1 LAUNCH VEHICLE PERFORMANCE Due to the lack of spacecraft weight data for the AAP-5 mission, the AAP-3 spacecraft weight data were assumed for this document. mission. The fuel and consumables loading were changed to reflect the usage for this By referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the payload margin for a 25-day mission reveals a deficit of 2, 736 pounds for the two-stage to orbit insertion and a deficit of 168 pounds for the two-and-a-half stage^to orbit insertion. The payload margin for a 56-day mission, on the other These figures do not include hand, has deficits of 5, 512 pounds and 3, 414 pounds for the two-stage and two-and-a-half stage to orbit, respectively. bers considerably. It should be noted that the payload capability design weight for the two - and - a -half stage to orbit insertion is dependent on the length of mission flown. The limiting criterion is a launch vehicle structural limitaThis tion; the total payload weight at lift-off cannot exceed 48, 000 pounds. constraint limits the amount of SPS fuel which can be carried and, therefore, the amount of payload insertion capability gained by burning the SPS engine for orbital insertion. A shorter mission requires less expendThis weight reduction enables ables, resulting in a lighter spacecraft. reserves for the consumables; this addition should increase the above num-
more SPS fuel to be carried without exceeding the stacked weight limit. For this reason, the two-and-a-half stage to orbit mode will insert a larger payload into orbit for the 25-day mission than for the 56-day mission. 4. 2 HEIGHT (NH) MANEUVER SCHEDULE CONFLICT It is questionable at this time whether major maneuvers may be scheduled during the change-over from a two-gas to a one-gas system in the CM cabin. In this case, no maneuver could be performed within 1-1/2
* This mode of insertion incorporates a CSM separation from the spent booster and an SPS burn in order to achieve the final velocity needed for orbital insertion. 11
to 2 hours after insertion. dezvous plan.
If this becomes a definite mission requirement,
the height maneuver will have to be rescheduled or deleted from the renRescheduling the height and all subsequent maneuvers later Therefore, it is felt that, if major The NCC maneuver, in the mission would cause the final portion of the rendezvous and docking to occur over very poor tracking. maneuvers cannot be scheduled during the change-over, the height maneu- . ver should be deleted from the rendezvous plan. engine. then, would become a major maneuver and would be performed by the SPS In this case, it would be desirable to schedule the NCC maneuver This plan approximately 180 degrees before NSR to minimize the radial component . of the velocity increment required for the coelliptic maneuver. resulting in less tracking data for the NCC-NSR solution. in Section 2. would necessitate performing the NCC maneuver over the United States, For this reason it is suggested that, if possible, the rendezvous plan be left as presented
12
Table 1. AAP-5 Performance and Payload Summary
; Insertion Altitude in mi) 81 x 120 . 56-day Mission 2 5- day Mission 2-1/2 Stage 2-1/2 Stage 2 stage 2 stage to Orbit to Orbit to Orbit to Orbit (lb) fib) (lb) rib)
Launch Vehicle Payload Capability Payload Target Weight Design Limit Payload Breakdown Command Module2 Empty Weight (Block II)3 AAP Modifications4 Expendables for Block II Non-expendables for Block IT CM-RCS Service Module Empty Weight (Block 11) AAP Modifications Expendables for Block II Non- expendables for Block II SM-RCS Propellants SPS Propellants Consumables Required in Addition to Block II5 Food LioH ; O (metabolic) ECS (O2, N2) Pressurization Leakage EPS (02. H2) Total Block U SLA Total Payload Weight Payload Margin
40, 000 38, 000

i .
38, 5501 36, 620
40, 000 38, 000
38, 0501 36, 150
12, 121 1.329

(76
12,121 1,329
76
12, 121 1,329

76
12, 121 1,329

76
1. 193
270
1, 193
270
1. 193
270
1, 193
270
Total 14,989
,
14. 989
14. 989
14,989 8,716 3,521

733 14
8,716 3,521
733 '14
8,716 3, 521
733 14
8,716 3, 521
733 14
2,157 5. 0,18 - . .Total 20. 159

!
2, 157 2,454 5.018 5,018 ' ' 20. 159 : :-- 20.456
2,454 ' 5.018 1 . 20.456 .
S6 106 143 ! 385 378
56 106 143 385 378 572
173
325 323 385
173 325 323 385
._
572 1, 640 3, 948

J
1,640
__
1. 159 1.754 4, 119
1, 159 1.754 4, 119
3,948
36, 788 43, 512
40, 736 -2, 736
39,564 -3,414
-168
-5,512
'Based on a stacked weight limit of 48, 000 pounds. The Block II CSM contains consumables for a 10-day mission; aee Reference S. 3Includes molecular sieve (159 pounds) Includes solid retro package (1271 pounds). . Consumables do not include reserve*; ,see Referenci i.
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-Active Rendezvous
m W>
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OWS CLUSTER ORBIT
CD I AAP-5JNSERTION INTO 120/81 ORBIT HEIGHT (NH) MANEUVER RESULTANT ORBIT 241/81 (3) PHASING (NCI) MANEUVER RESULTANT ORBIT 241/157 @ CORRECTIVE COMBINATION (NCC) MANEUVER (5) 'COELLIPTIC (NSR) MANEUVER RESULTANT ORBIT 243/230 (7) Figure 8. TERMINAL PHASE INITIATION (TPI) MANEUVER TERMINAL PHASE FINALIZATION (TPF) MANEUVER Orbital Geometry/CSM-Active Rendezvous
34
(D
i ; '
REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. "AAP-5 Consumables Budget, " NASA TM 67-FM7-191, 3 August 1967. "AS-503 Network Support, " NASA TM 67-FM13-67, 20 February 1967. "Preliminary Estimate of the AAP-5 Propellant for the Preliminary Reference Mission Profile," NASA TM 67-FM7-172, 24 July 1967. "Preliminary Mission Profile for Apollo Applications Mission AAP-1/ AAP-2, Revision 1, " MSC Internal Note No. 67-FM-112, 1 i August 1967. "Revised Payload Weights for AAP- 1/AAP-2 and AAP-3/AAP-4, " Reply to NASA TM KM-60149, 18 July 1967. "Station Characteristics for Apollo Support, " Prepared by Flight Software Branch of Flight Support Division, May 1967.
5. 6.
35

AAP-5 Mission Profile 671010

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AAP-5 Mission Profile 671010

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05952-H262-RO-00

MSC INTERNAL NOTE NO. 67-FM-114

N75-72077 Onclas 17459

MISSION PLANNING AND ANALYSIS DIVISION

PRELIMINARY REFERENCE MISSION PROFILE FOR APOLLO APPLICATIONS MISSION AAP-5

W/vM ** ^ J. P. Mayer, Chief Mission Planning and Analysis Division NASA/MSC

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NASA NC 1 NCC NH NPC NSR

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NOMINAL MISSION DESCRIPTION

1:38:25 2:23:38 3:29:09 3:55:27 5:02:18 5:38:43

Ground elapsed time at mid-point of burn.

missions of approximately 1-month and Z-month duration are being con-

3. 3.1 LAUNCH WINDOW

to 2 hours after insertion. dezvous plan.

If this becomes a definite mission requirement,

Table 1. AAP-5 Performance and Payload Summary

40, 000 38, 000

38, 5501 36, 620

40, 000 38, 000

38, 0501 36, 150

12, 121 1.329

12, 121 1,329

12, 121 1,329

14,989 8,716 3,521

2,157 5. 0,18 - . .Total 20. 159

2,454 ' 5.018 1 . 20.456 .

S6 106 143 ! 385 378

56 106 143 385 378 572

173 325 323 385

572 1, 640 3, 948

1. 159 1.754 4, 119

1, 159 1.754 4, 119

40, 736 -2, 736

< < 0 0 "

pa < < o u < 5 3- fi H 5' o o o a S';! 8 S S H-> &

I i -III 1 ill 1 9s' "c * a

Minus sign inc

.9.2 >< ><

>o m >o in in 1*1 r* w^ c! in- a CM" ai

<^ w <U l^ ^3 M > *4

AP-5 Lift-off AP-5 Insertion

ertninal Phase Init (TPI) Maneuver

orrective Combina (NCC) Maneuver

erminal Phase Fin (TPF) Maneuver

=8?-C 9-80,0.0 i i i XN>

C*^ "^O ^3 CO OO CM C** ^^ ^J CO

'u fi.'O s-S o

& G p-i U J3 " s-. 'o

' ' ' 0<

W. W H W o o CM m ~r-l m m CM ' ^* NO i H oo f^. CM ^ O in ^4 O m O rt NO CO CO o 0s CM 00 m r^- oo ^f CO

<4< m ^r^ ^^ in in PO oo t*" O^ m in o o r- oo Is- -^ s s

be h.g ? 5^ > ft <u rt

Configuration weight = 39, 564 Ib

10-sec four jet + X burn

:~Si g MsS n-i w S f s s' ) w S^ ^ rt Wrt S

M'o'52tQ>n flS. h<OT3

Z> $ PH n! .-, -^ n rt n ? " o p , S ^ a> w

. case: :heoreti ed case :heoreti

a"2 05-B u ft^

sCO lol n. tTti m dJ

Lus 10 percent moment cont

>o m >o in in 11 r w^ c! in- a CM" ai