M. S.

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
SCHEME OF TEACHING FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2010 2011

VII SEMESTER B. E. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SI. No.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Subject Code
EC701 EC702 EC703 EC704 ECPExx xx

Subject
Management and Entrepreneurship Computer Communication Networks Antennas and Propagation Project Work I Professional Elective IV Open Elective II

Teaching Dept
Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering Other Departments Total

L
2 3 4 0 x x 9+x

Credits* T P
0 1 0 0 x x 1+x 0 0 1 6 x x 7+x

Total
2 4 5 6 4 3 24

*L: Lecture

T: Tutorial

P: Practical

VIII SEMESTER B. E. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SI. No.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Subject Code
EC801 EC802 ECPExx xx IPR

Subject

Teaching Dept
Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering Other Departments Total

L
3 0 x x 3+x

Credits* T P
0 0 x x x 0 14 x x 14+x

Total
3 14 4 3 24

Project Work II Professional Elective V Open Elective III

*L: Lecture

T: Tutorial

P: Practical

LIST OF ELECTIVES:
The student has to earn a maximum of 20 credits as professional (departmental) electives. The student has to earn a maximum of 09 credits as open electives.

Subject Code
ECPE01 ECPE02 ECPE03 ECPE04 ECPE05 ECPE06 ECPE07 ECPE08 ECPE09 ECPE10 ECPE11 ECPE12 ECPE13 ECPE14 ECPE15 ECPE16 ECPE17 ECPE18 ECPE19 ECPE20 ECPE21 ECPE22 ECPE23 ECPE24 ECPE25

Subject Title
Power Electronics Modeling and Synthesis using VHDL Digital Electronic Measurements Adaptive Signal Processing Speech Processing Wavelet Transforms Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Information Theory and Coding Communication Switching Systems Micro and Smart Systems Technology PIC Microcontrollers Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Real Time Operating Systems Image Processing Fiber Optics Communication Data Compression Embedded System Design and Software Spread Spectrum Communication Wireless Communications ARM Processor Low Power VLSI Design Satellite Communication Cryptography and Network Security High Performance Communication Networks RF ICs PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E PS-E

L
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

T
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

P
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

C
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Subject Code: EC701 2:0:0 Prerequisites: Nil UNIT I Management: Introduction, meaning-nature and characteristics of management, scope and functional areas of management management as a science, art or profession management and administration, Roles of management, Levels of management, Development of management thought early management approaches-Modern management approaches. Planning: Nature, importance and purpose of planning process objectives types of plans (meaning only) design making, importance of planning, steps in planning and planning premises, hierarchy of plans. UNIT II Organizing and staffing: Nature and purpose of organization, Principles of organization, Types of organization, departmentation, committees, Centralization v/s Decentralization of authority and responsibility, span and control, MBO and MBE (meaning), Nature and importance of staffing, process of selection and recruitment (in brief). UNIT III Directing and controlling: Meaning and nature of directing, leadership styles, motivation theories, communication, meaning and importance coordination, meaning and importance and techniques of co-ordination, Meaning and steps in controlling, Essentials of sound control system, Methods of establishing control (in brief). UNIT IV Entrepreneur: Meaning of entrepreneur, Evolution of the concept, Functions of an entrepreneur, Types of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneur an emerging class, Concept of Entrepreneurship, Evolution of Entrepreneurship, Development of Entrepreneurship, Stages in entrepreneurial process, Role of entrepreneurs in Economic Development, Entrepreneurship in India, Entrepreneurship its barriers. Small-scale industry: Definition, Characteristics, Need and rationale, Objectives, scope, role of SSI in Economic Development, Advantages of SSI, Steps to start an SSI government policy towards SSI, Different policies of SSI, government support for SSI during 5 years plan, Impact of 3 Credits:

Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization on SSI, Effect of WTO/GATT supporting agencies of Government for SSI, meaning, Nature of support, Objectives, Functions, Types of help, Ancillary Industry and Tiny Industry (Definition). UNIT V Institutional Support: Different Schemes, TECKSOK, KIADB, KSSIDC, KSIMC, DIC single window Agency, SISI, NSIC, SIDBI, KSFC. Preparation of project: Meaning of project, Project Identification, Project selection, Project report, Need and significance of report, contents, formulation, Guidelines by Planning Commission for project report, Network Analysis, Errors of Project Report, Project Appraisal, Identification of business opportunities, Market Feasibility Study, Technical Feasibility study, Financial Feasibility Study and Social Feasibility Study. Text books: 1. P. C. Tripathi, P. N. Reddy, Principles of Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008. 2. Vasant Desai, Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development Management, Himalaya Publishing House, 2010.

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Subject Code: EC702 Prerequisites: Nil UNIT I Network Models: Layered tasks, OSI Model, Layers in OSI model, TCP/IP Suite, Addressing, Telephone and cable networks for data transmission, Telephone networks, Dial up modem, DSL, Cable TV networks, Cable TV for data transfer. UNIT II Data Link Control: Framing, Flow and error control, Protocols, Noiseless channels and noisy channels, HDLC, Point-to-Point Protocol UNIT III Multiple Accesses: Random access, Controlled access, Channelisation. UNIT IV Wired and Wireless LAN: Ethernet, IEEE standards, Standard Ethernet, Changes in the standards, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth Credits: 3:1:0

Connecting LANs: Backbone and Virtual LANs, Connecting devices, Backbone Networks, Virtual LANs UNIT V Network Layer: Logical addressing, Ipv4 addresses, Ipv6 addresses, Ipv4, Ipv6, Transition from Ipv4 to Ipv6. Delivery, Forwarding, Unicast Routing Protocols, Multicast Routing protocols, Process to process delivery, UDP, TCP, Domain name space, Resolution Text book: 1. B. A. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006. References: 1. William Stallings, Computer Networking with Internet Protocols, Pearson Education, 2009. 2. James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Computer Networks, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2003. 3. Wayne Tomasi, Introduction to Data Communication and Networking, Pearson Education, 2007.

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

Subject Code: EC703 Prerequisites: Electromagnetics UNIT I Antenna Basics: Introduction, basic antenna parameters, patterns, beam area, radiation intensity, beam efficiency, diversity and gain, antenna apertures, effective height, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, antenna temperature and antenna field zones. UNIT II Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction, point sources, power patterns, power theorem, radiation intensity, field patterns, phase patterns, array of two isotropic point sources, non-isotropic sources, principles of pattern multiplication, examples of pattern synthesis by pattern multiplication, isotropic point sources, board side, end fire array and Hasen and Woodyard array, array with unequal power. UNIT III Electric Dipoles and Thin Linear Antennas: Introduction, short electric dipole, fields of a short dipole, radiation resistance of short dipole, field patterns of dipole in general, /2 dipole, radiation resistances of /2 Antenna, thin linear antenna, micro strip arrays, long wire antenna, folded dipole antennas. 5 Credits: 4:0:1

Small loop, comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, far field patterns of small circular loop, radiation resistance, directivity, Helical Antenna, fields for small helix. UNIT IV Antenna Types: Yagi-Uda array, parabolic reflectors, log periodic antenna, lens antenna, turnstile antenna, Babinets principle and complementary antennas, slot antennas, horn antennas, rectangular horn antennas. Microstrip Antennas: Salient features, Advantages and limitations, Rectangular microstrip atennas, Feed methods, Characteristics of microstrip antennas, computer aided design model. UNIT V Radio Wave Propagation: Introduction, Ground wave propagation, free space propagation, ground reflection, surface wave, diffraction. Troposcopic scatter, Ionosphere propagation, electrical properties of the ionosphere, expressions for conductivity and relative permittivity, effects of earths magnetic field. LABORATORY

1. V-I Characteristics of Gunn Diode 2. Radiation pattern of a Dipole Antenna using microstrip bench. Estimation of beam width and directivity 3. Measurement of g, c, o, VSWR and frequency using Gunn Diode source 4. Radiation pattern of a Horn Antenna using microwave bench. Estimation of beam width and directivity 5. Determination of Attenuation loss and Bending loss using Fiber optics trainer kit 6. Measurement of Antenna Impedance using slotted line carriage 7. Hybrid Microstrip power divider 8. Microwave resonator 9. To measure parameters of branch directional coupler, Line directional coupler 10. To determine Isolation, Power division between E/H arms using wave-guide Magic Tee Textbooks: 1. John D Kraus, Antennas and Wave Propagation, Special Indian Edition, McGraw Hill, 2010. References: 1. John D Kraus, Antennas, Mc Graw Hill, 2nd edition, 1988. 2. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, Wiley India, 2007. 3. Lamont V. Blake, Antennas: Fundamentals, Design, Measurement, Scitech Publishing, 2009. 6

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Subject Code: EC801 3:0:0 Prerequisites: Nil UNIT I Basic principles of IPR laws: History of IPR GATT,WTO,WIPO and TRIPs, Role of IPR in Research & Development and Knowledge era, Concept of property, Marxs theory of property, Constitutional Aspects of Intellectual property, Different forms of IPR copyright, trade mark, Industrial Designs, Layout designs of Integrated circuits, Patents, Geographical Indications, Traditional Knowledge, Plant varieties, Trade secrets UNIT II Understanding Copyright Law: Evolution of copy right law in India, Justifications, Subject matter of copyright, Terms of protections, Concepts-originality/Novelty idea expression, Fixation & fair Use, Copyrights in software protection, Infringement of copyright and acquisition in Indian context, Case studies Trademark: Introduction, Justification, Concepts of subject matter acquisition, Implication and benefits of registration terms of protection of Geographical indication of goods, infringements of trade marks, Case studies UNIT III Patent: Basic principles of patent laws, Historical background, Basis for IP protection, Criteria for patentability, Novelty, Utility and Inventive step, Non obviousness, Non Patentable inventions. Searching: Prior art, tangible vs intangible prior art, search strategy, pre-grant and post-grant oppositions, grant or refusal of patents, infringement and prosecution in India, US and other countries, request for reexamination and revocation, terms of patents and patent renewal, Cost of getting and maintaining patens in India, US and other countries, Importance of patent search in research. UNIT IV Patent application procedure and drafting: Patent Drafting, Format, Provisional and Complete specifications, Scopes of inventions, description of invention, drawings, claims. Filing requirements: Forms to be sent, Comparison of Patentability in different countries, filing mechanism through individual patent office, PCT route and claiming priority from either route. UNIT V Credits:

Industrial Designs: Introduction, Justification, Subject matter of design law definition, Excluded subject matter law relating to industrial design and registration in India, Infringement of design rights. Semiconductor and IC Layout Designs: Semiconductor topography design rights, Infringement, Case studies. Textbooks: 1. P. Ganguli, Intellectual Property Rights, TMH, 2001. 2. Dr. B. L. Wadhera, Intellectual Property Law Handbook, Universal Law Publishing, 2002. 3. Thomas T. Gordon, Arthur S. Cookfair, Patent Fundamentals for Scientists and Engineers, CRC Press, 1995. 4. T. Ramakrishna, Course Material for 1 year P. G Diploma in IPR, NLSIU, Bangalore. References: 1. P. Narayan, Intellectual Property Law, 3rd Edition, Eastern Law House, 2001. 2. D. Baingridge, Intellectual Property, 5th Edition, Pearson Education, 2003. 3. World Intellectual Property Organization Handbook/Notes

MICRO AND SMART SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

Subject Code: ECPE10 Prerequisites: Solid state devices UNIT I Introduction: Introduction to micro systems, smart materials, structures and systems. Micro and smart devices and systems: Transduction Principles electrostatic sensing and actuation, thermal sensing and actuation, piezo resistive sensor, piezoelectric sensing and actuation and magnetic actuation, Scaling effects UNIT II Micro Fabrication and Micro Manufacturing: Introduction, fabrication processes, thin film deposition, lithography, etching, Si micro machining, surface and bulk micromachining, thick film processing and specialized materials UNIT III Modeling: Mechanical concepts stress and strain, Flexural beam bending analysis under simple loading conditions, analysis of beams under simple loading, torsional deflections, residual stresses and stress gradient, Resonant frequency and quality factor, introduction to coupled domain concepts UNIT IV Electronics, Control, Integration, Packaging and CAD Tools for Smart and Micro Systems: Semiconductor devices, electronic amplifiers, signal conditioning, control theory for smart systems, integration and packaging, CAD Tools Intellisuite Comsol and MATLAB based simulations of MEMS devices UNIT V Applications: Case studies silicon capacitive accelerometer, piezo-resistive pressure sensor, blood analyzer, conductometric gas sensor, silicon micro-mirror arrays, piezo-electric based inkjet print head, electrostatic comb-drive and magnetic micro relay, portable clinical analyzer, active noise control in a helicopter cabin. Laboratory Demonstrations: BEL pressure sensor Active vibration Control CAD tools (Comsol and Intellisuite) Text book: 1. G. K. Ananthasuresh, K. J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K. N. Bhat, V. K. Aatre, Micro and Smart Systems, Wiley India, 2010. 9 Credits: 3:1:0

References: 1. T. R. Hsu, MEMS and Microsystems Design and Manufacturing, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition, 2008. 2. Chang Liu, Foundations of MEMS, Pearson International Edition, 2006. 3. S. D. Senturia, Micro System Design, Springer International Edition, 2001.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER
Subject Code: ECPE11 Prerequisites: Microcontrollers UNIT I Introduction to Micro Controllers: CISC AND RISC Processors, Harvard and Von Neumann Architectures, PIC 16F877 Architecture, Features, Pinout Description, Memory Organization, Register File Map, Special Function Registers UNIT II PIC 16F877 Instruction Set : General Format for Instructions, Addressing modes, Assembly Language Programs, PIC Hardware and Software Development tools UNIT III I/O Ports: I/O Ports A, B, C, D, and E, Parallel Slave Port, Data EEPROM and Flash Program Memory, Interrupts UNIT IV PIC 16F877 on chip Peripherals: Timer units, TMR0 Module, TMR1 Module, TMR2 Module, Capture/Compare/PWM Modules UNIT V Serial Communication Modules: Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP), SPI Mode, Master and Slave modes, USART, ADC Module, Special Features of the CPU, Configuration Word, Oscillator Configurations, Reset Text book: 1. PIC Microcontroller 16F877 Data Book - Microchip, The Embedded Control Solutions Company References : 10 Credits: 3:0:1

1. PIC Micro Mid Range MCU Family Reference Manual (PIC 16F877) Microchip, The Embedded Control Solutions Company 2. Barnett Cox, Cull, Embedded C Programming and the Microchip PIC, Thomson Publications, 2004.

IMAGE PROCESSING
Subject Code: ECPE14 Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing UNIT I Introduction and Fundamentals: What is Digital Image Processing?, Origins, Examples, Fundamental Steps, Components, Elements of visual perception, Image sensing and acquisition, Image sampling and quantization, Basic relationship between pixels, Mathematical tools used in image processing UNIT II Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering: Basic intensity transformation functions, Histogram processing, Spatial filtering, Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters, Fuzzy techniques Filtering in Frequency Domain: Filtering in frequency domain, Image smoothing, Image Sharpening, Selective filtering UNIT III Image Restoration: Model of image degradation/restoration process, noise models, Spatial filtering, Periodic noise reduction, Linear Position Invariant degradation, Estimating the degradation function, Inverse filtering, MMSE filtering, Constrained least squares filtering, Geometric mean filter. Image Reconstruction: Image reconstruction from projections Credits: 3:0:1

UNIT IV Image Compression: Fundamentals, Basic compression methods Huffman, Golomb, Arithmetic, LZW, Run-Length, Symbol, Bit plane, Block transform, Predictive, Wavelet coding Video Processing: Introduction, Spatio-temporal sampling, Interframe and Intraframe coding, Motion Estimation techniques, Regularization theory, Optical computation, Stereo Vision, Structure from motion, motion tracking using Kalman filter and condensation filter, density propagation Video Compression Standards: H. 261, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H. 263, H. 264, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21 11

UNIT V Computer/Machine Vision: Image Formation Models: Monocular imaging system, Binocular imaging systems , Multi-view geometry - Orthographic and Perspective Projection, Camera model and Camera calibration, Image rectification, Image Feature Extraction: Edge detection, image filtering such as Gaussian/LoG, Texture descriptors and classification, Shape Representation and Segmentation: Deformable curves and surfaces, Snakes and active contours, Level set representations, Fourier and wavelet descriptors, Multi-resolution analysis, Histogram of gradients, Object recognition: Hough transforms, Covariance, Principal component analysis, Independent component analysis, Shape priors for recognition, Face/Finger-print recognition, Character recognition Text books: 1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2009. 2. E. Trucco, A. Verri, Introductory Techniques for 3D Computer Vision, Prentice Hall, 1998. References: 1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, S. L. Eddins, Digital Image Processing using MATLAB, 2 nd Edition, Gatesmark Publishing, 2009. 2. M. Sonka, V. Hlavac, R. Boyle, Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision, 3rd Edition, CL Engineering, March 2007. 3. S. Jayaraman, S. Esakkirajan, T. Veerakumar, Digital Image Processing, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009. 4. M. Ghanbari, Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding, IEE, 2003. FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATION Subject Code: ECPE15 Prerequisites: Communication UNIT I Overview of Fiber Optic Communication: Introduction, Historical Developments, General System, Key elements of Optical Fiber Systems, Advantages and Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Communication. Optical Fibers: Ray Theory Transmission, Fiber Types, Single Mode Fiber, Cut-off Wavelength, Fiber materials, Photonic Crystal Fibers. UNIT II Credits: 3:1:0

12

Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers: Introduction, Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal Distortion in Fibers, Dispersion, Inter-modal dispersion, Intra-modal dispersion. UNIT III Optical Sources: Introduction, LEDs, LED structure, Quantum efficiency and LED Power, LASER diodes, Laser diode modes and Threshold Conditions, LASER Diode Rate Equations, Resonant Frequencies. Photodetectors: PIN Photodetector, Avalanche photodiodes, Response Time. UNIT IV Optical Receiver Operation: Introduction, Optical Receiver Operation, Error Sources, Digital Receiver Performance, Quantum limit, Eye Diagrams, Coherent Detection, Homodyne and Heterodyne detection Schemes. UNIT V Analog Links: Introduction, Overview of analog links, CNR, multi- channel transmission techniques Digital Links: Introduction, point to point links, Link Power Budget, Rise Time Budget, Modal noise. Text books: 1. Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, 4th Edition, TMH, 2008. 2. John M Senior, Optical Fiber Communication, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2007.

DATA COMPRESSION
Subject Code: ECPE16 Prerequisites: Nil UNIT I Lossless Compression: Huffman coding, Adaptive Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Comparison of Huffman coding, Dictionary techniques UNIT II Lossy Compression: Scalar quantization Uniform quantizer, Vector quantization Advantages, LBG algorithm, Differential coding Basic algorithm, Prediction in DPCM, Delta Modulation, Transform coding Transform, Transforms of interest, Quantization and coding of transform coefficients 13 Credits: 3:1:0

UNIT III Image Compression Standards: JPEG, Embedded Zerotree Coder, SPIHT, JPEG 2000, JPEG-LS, JBIG, JBIG2 UNIT IV Basic Video Compression Techniques and MPEG Video Coding: Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors, H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, H.264 UNIT V Audio Compression: ADPCM in Speech coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders MPEG Audio Compression: Psychoacoustics, MPEG Audio Text books: 1. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2006. 2. Ze-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, Fundamentals of Multimedia, Pearson Education, 2004. References: 1. David Saloman, Data Compression: The Complete Reference, 4th Edition, 2007. 2. M. Ghanbari, Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding, IEE, 2003. 3. Iain E. G. Richardson, H. 264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression, John Wiley, 2003.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN AND SOFTWARE Subject Code: ECPE17 3:0:1 Prerequisites: Nil UNIT I Introduction: Embedded Systems Overview, Design Challenge-Optimizing Design Metrics, Processor Technology, IC Technology, Design Technology, Tradeoffs. Custom Single-Purpose Processors Hardware: Custom Single-purpose Processor Design, Optimizing Custom Single-Purpose Processors. UNIT II Credits:

14

General-Purpose Processors Software: Basic Architecture, Operation, Programmers View, Development Environment, Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIPs), Selecting a Microprocessor, General Purpose Processor Design. UNIT III Standard Single-Purpose Processors Peripherals: Timers, Counters, and Watchdog Timers, UART, Pulse Width Modulators, LCD Controllers, Keypad Controllers, Stepper Motor Controllers, Analog-to-Digital Converters, Real-Time Clocks. Memory: Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence, Common Memory Types, Composing Memory, Memory Hierarchy and Cache, Advanced RAM. UNIT IV Embedded software Interrupts: Interrupt Basics, The Shared-Data Problem, Interrupt Latency. Survey of Software Architectures: Round-Robin, Round-Robin with Interrupts, Function-QueueScheduling Architecture, Real-Time Operating System Architecture, Selecting an architecture. UNIT V Introduction to RTOS: Tasks and Task States, Tasks and Data, Re-entrancy, Semaphores and Shared Data, Semaphore Problems: Priority Inversion, Deadly Embrace Encapsulating Semaphores, RTOS and ISR, Saving Memory Space, Saving Power. Text books: 1. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, 2002. 2. David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education, 1999.

SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION Subject Code: ECPE18 Prerequisites: Digital Communication UNIT I Basic Digital Communication Concepts: Basic digital communication system, Digital Modulation Systems ASK, FSK, PSK, Non Coherent Systems, Error Probability DSPK Signal detection Correlator receiver, Matched filter receiver, M-ary Phase shift keying, QPSK, MSK, Comparison Bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency. UNIT II 15 Credits: 3:1:0

Introduction to Spread Spectrum System: Introduction, Direct Sequence Spread spectrum, BPSK Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, QPSK-Direct Spread Spectrum System, Frequency hop Spread Spectrum, Coherent slow frequency hop Spread Spectrum, Non-coherent slow frequency hop Spread Spectrum, Hybrid Direct sequence/frequency hop Spread Spectrum UNIT III Binary Shift Register Sequences for Spread Spectrum System: Introduction, Sequence generator fundamentals, Maximal length sequences properties, power spectrum, Polynomials yielding m-sequences, security of maximal length sequences, Gold codes, Nonlinear code generators. UNIT IV Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems in a Jamming Environment: Introduction, Spread Spectrum Communication System Model, Performance of spread spectrum systems with Forward Error Correction, Elementary block coding concepts, Optimum decoding rule, Convolutional coding concepts, Viterbi algorithm, Requirement for diversity in Fading channels, Diversity approaches Diversity Combining methods, Rake receiver. UNIT V Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): Cellular Radio Concept, Fundamentals of cellular radio system, Co-channel interference protection prediction, Cellular concept, CDMA Digital Cellular Systems, General aspects, Special aspects, Examples of CDMA Digital Cellular Systems, North American DS CDMA, Cooper and Neuletor DPSK FHMA, Bell lab Multilevel FSK frequency hop system, GSM SFH Digital cellular, 3G and other CDMA Standards. Text book: 1. R. L. Peterson, R. E. Zeimer, D. E. Borth, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications, Prentice Hall, 1995. References: 1. J. Proakis, Digital Communication, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Subject Code: ECPE19 3:1:0 Prerequisites: Communication UNIT I Credits:

16

Introduction: Principles of wireless communication, History, Mobile Communication, Basic concepts, examples of wireless communication systems, Different generations of wireless networks 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G networks UNIT II Cellular System Components: Common cellular network components, views of cellular networks, cellular component identification call establishment, frequency reuse, channel assignment strategies, Handoffs Interference and System capacity UNIT III Multiple Access Schemes: TDMA techniques Overview, FDMA, Capacity of cellular systems, CDMA technology, CDMA channel concepts, CDMA Operations UNIT IV Wireless Modulation: OFDM, path loss models, Wireless coding techniques, digital modulation techniques. UNIT V Standards: Ultra Wide Band Radio technology, Typical GSM Architecture and System Hardware, Wireless LAN Introduction to IEEE 802.15x standard evolution, Bluetooth Architecture and Applications, Bluetooth controller basics operational status, Zigbee Text books: 1. Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2 nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2002. 2. Mullet, Wireless Telecom Systems and Networks, Thomas Learning, 2006. References: 1. Lee W.C.Y, Mobile Cellular Telecommunication, MGH, 2002. 2. D P Agrawal, Wireless Communication, 2nd Edition, Thomas Learning, 2007. ARM PROCESSORS Subject Code: ECPE20 Prerequisites: Microprocessors UNIT I ARM Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Processors, RISC Design philosophy, RISC and CISC architectures, ARM Design philosophy, ARM Instruction Set features for Embedded Systems, Embedded System Hardware, Example of an ARM based Embedded Micro controller, ARM Bus Technology, AMBA Bus Protocol, Memory Hierarchy, Memory width and Types, Peripherals : 17 Credits : 3:0:1

Memory controllers, interrupt controllers, Embedded System Software, Initialization Code, Operating System, Applications UNIT II ARM Processor Fundamentals: ARM Processor core Dataflow Model, Registers, Current Program Status Register, Processor Modes, Banked Registers, ARM and Thumb States, Instruction Set features, Interrupt Masks, Condition Flags, Conditional Execution, Pipe Line mechanism, Pipe Line Execution Characteristics, Exceptions, Interrupts and the Vector Table, Core Extensions, Cache and Tightly Coupled Memory, Memory Management, Coprocessors, ARM architecture Revisions, ARM Nomenclature, ARM Processor Families, ARM 7, ARM 9, ARM 10, ARM 11 Families and their attributes, Specialized Processors UNIT III Introduction to the ARM Instruction Set: ARM Instruction Set Mnemonics, Syntax and their description, ARM Instruction Classes, Data Processing Instructions, MOVE Instructions, Barrel Shifter, Barrel Shifter Operations, Arithmetic Instructions, Logical Instructions, Comparison and Test Instructions, Multiply Instructions, Branch Instructions, Load Store Instructions, Single Register Transfer, Single Register Load Store Addressing Modes, Multiple - Register Transfer, Examples, Stack Operations, Addressing Modes for Stack Operations, Swap Instruction, Software Interrupt Instruction, PSR - Instructions, Coprocessor Instructions, Coprocessor - 15 Instruction Syntax, Loading Constants, ARM V5E Extensions, Count Leading Zeros Instruction, Saturated Arithmetic, ARM V5E Multiply Instructions, Conditional Execution, UNIT IV Introduction to the THUMB Instruction Set: Thumb Instruction Set Mnemonics, Thumb Register usage, ARM THUMB Interworking, Branch Instructions, Data Processing Instructions, Single Register Load Store Instructions, Multiple - Register Load Store Instructions, Stack Instructions, Software Interrupt Instruction UNIT V Exception and Interrupt Handling: Exception Handling, ARM Processor Exceptions and Modes, Exception Priorities, Link Register Offsets, Interrupts, Interrupt Latency, IRQ AND FIQ Exceptions, Basic Interrupt Stack Design and Implementation, Interrupt Handling Schemes, Non nested Interrupt Handler, Non nested Interrupt Handler Firmware for ARM based Embedded Systems: Firmware and Boot Loader, ARM Firmware Suite, Red Hat Red Boot, Example: Sand Stone, Sand Stone Directory Lay out, Code Structure 18

Text books: 1. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes & Chris Wright, ARM System Developers Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software, MorganKaufmann, 2004 References: 1. ARM Architecture Reference Manual

LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN Subject Code : ECPE21 Prerequisites: **** UNIT- I Power Dissipation in CMOS : Introduction: Need for low power VLSI chips, sources of power consumption, introduction to CMOS inverter power dissipation, low power VLSI design limits, basic principle of low power design. UNIT- II Power Optimization : Logical Level Power Optimization: gate reorganization, local restructuring, signal gating, logic encoding, state machine encoding, pre-computation logic. Circuit Level Power Optimization: transistor and gate sizing, equivalent pin ordering, network restructuring and re-organization, special latches and flip-flops. UNIT- III Design of Low Power CMOS Circuits : Reducing power consumption in memories: low power techniques for SRAM, circuit techniques for reducing power consumption in adders and multipliers. Special techniques: power reduction and clock networks, CMOS floating gate, low power bus, delay balancing. UNIT- IV Power Estimation: Simulation power analysis: SPICE circuit simulation, Gate level Simulation, Architectural level analysis, Data correlation analysis in DSP systems, Monte-Carlo simulation. Probabilistic power analysis: random signals, probabilistic techniques for signal activity estimation, propagation of static probability in logic circuits, gate level power analysis using transition density. 19 Credits: 3:1:0

UNIT V Synthesis and Software Design for Low Power : Synthesis for low power: behavioral level transforms, algorithm level transforms for low power, architecture driven voltage scaling, power optimization using operation reduction, operation substitution. Software design for low power: sources of software power dissipation, gate level, architecture level, bus switching activity. Case study: Multi-core processor architecture such as ARM, AMD. Text Books: 1. Gary Yeap, Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design, Kluwer, 1998. 2. K.Roy and S.C. Prasad Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design, Wiley, 2000, Indian edition 2008. References : 1. Dimitrios Soudris, Chirstian Pignet, Costas Goutis, Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power, Kluwer, 2002 2. Jan .M .Rabaey and Massoud Pedram, Low Power Design Methodologies, KAP, 1996. 3. A.P.Chandrakasan and R.W. Broadersen, Low Power Digital CMOS Design, Kluwer,1995. 4. Abdellatif Bellaouar,Mohamed.I. Elmasry Low Power Digital VLSI Designs, Kluwer, 1995.

CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY Subject Code: ECPE23 Prerequisites: Nil UNIT I Introduction: Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI Security ArchitectureA model for Network Security Introduction to Number Theory: Prime numbers, Fermats and Eulers Theorem, Test for Primality, Chinese Remainder Theorem. Introduction to Finite Fields: Modular Arithmetic, Euclids Algorithm, Polynomial Arithmetic, Finite Fields of form GF(p) UNIT II Symmetric Ciphers: Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Simplified DES, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Evaluation Criteria for Advanced Encryption Standard, AES Cipher 20 Credits: 3:1:0

UNIT III Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems: RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Diffie Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptical Curve Arithmetic, Authentication and Hash functions Digital Signatures: Authentication protocols, Digital Signature Standard. UNIT IV Web Security: Web Security considerations, Secure Socket Layer, Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction Intruders: Intrusion Detection, Password Management. Malicious Software: Viruses and Related Threats, Virus Countermeasures. Firewalls: Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems UNIT V Steganography and Watermarking, Holograms: Introduction and importance to Steganography and Watermarking, Applications, Models of Watermarking, Steganographic Communication and its building blocks, Steganalysis. Fundamentals of Hologram. Textbooks: 1. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Pearson Education, 2003. 2. Ingemar J.Cox, Matthew L. Miller, Jeffery A. Bloom, Jessica Fridrich, Ton Kalker, Digital Watermarking and Steganography , Morgan Khaufmann Publishers, Elsevier, 2nd Edition, 2008. References: 1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Cryptography and Network Security, TMH, 2007. 2. Atul Kahate, Cryptography and Network Security, TMH, 2003.

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