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CHAPTER I (INTRODUCTION)
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION

WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE INDIA

WWF-INDIA

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY NATURE AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

TOWARDS

SUMMARY

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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To determine the awareness level amongst Different sectors of Business towards Biodiversity Conservation

To determine the involvement of different Business sectors towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

To make aware Automotive sector about their responsibilities towards Nature Conservation and how they can perform their functions by associating with WWF, by organizing Petrol Check Camps, by awaring people about less consumption of fuel by regular servicing, by conducting various Lecture Programmes regarding Environmental Conservation etc.

By informing Retail sector about involving in CSR by associating with WWF by conducting Programmes for making PAPER BAGS for their use by school students and various ECO-FRIENDLY material for them.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION COMPANY PROFILE

INTRODUCTION :-

WWF-India is one of the largest conservation organizations engaged in wildlife and nature conservation in the country.

Established as a Charitable Trust on November 27, 1969, it has an experience of over four decades in the field. From a modest beginning, the organization was propelled forward by the efforts of its founders and associates who volunteered their time and energy to lend momentum
to this moment.

A part of WWF International, the organization has made its presence felt through a sustained effort not only towards nature and wildlife conservation, but sensitizing people by creating awareness through capacity building and environ-legal activism.

A challenging, constructive, science-based organization WWF addresses issues like the survival of species and habitats, climate change and environmental education.

Historically, WWF-India started as a wildlife conservation organization with a focus on protecting a particular species of wild flora and fauna. Over the years, the perspective broadened to reflect a more holistic understanding of conservation issues facing the country.

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To suit India's specific ecological and socio-cultural situation, WWF-India articulated its mission
in 1987 as follows:

The promotion of nature conservation and environmental protection as the foundation for

sustainable and equitable development."

WWF-India's Mission
WWF-India articulated its mission in 1987 as follows: "The promotion of nature conservation and environmental protection as the foundation for sustainable and equitable development." WWF-India's goal is the protection of Indias ecological security through the following broad programme objectives:

Ensuring conservation of the countrys biodiversity, major ecosystems and critical landscapes.

Minimizing wasteful consumption and promotion of sustainable and wise use of natural resources by all sectors of society

Promoting the active involvement of rural and traditional communities in the sustainable management and conservation of natural resources.

Working towards reduction in the sources and impacts of climate change. Minimizing pollution, reducing the use of toxic chemicals and ensuring improved management of toxic waste

Enhancing active participation of all sections of society in nature conservation and environmental protection through environmental education, awareness raising and capacity building

Ensuring that environmental principles are integrated into development planning, policy and practices

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Promoting environmental governance through legislation, policy and advocacy WWF-India has been working to promote harmony between human beings and nature for more than four decades.

Today, it is recognized as a premier conservation NGO in the country dealing with nature conservation, environmental protection and development-related issues. At a time when the Web of Life has come under increasing threats, WWF-India's attempts have been to find and implement solutions so that human beings can live in harmony with nature, and leave for future generations a world rich in natural resources and natural wonders.

The organization is part of the WWF-family with 27 independent national organizations. The coordinating body, the WWF International, is located at Gland in Switzerland.

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WWF-INDIA (WORK FOR TIGER)

Current goals and objectives to save the tiger: WWF-Indias goal is to restore and maintain tiger habitats, protect the tiger and its prey base in important tiger landscapes in India.

The objectives are to:

Protect, restore and manage corridors to ensure connectivity between tiger habitats while ensuring that human-tiger conflicts are reduced.

Reduce pressures on tiger habitats by promoting alternative livelihoods for local communities .

Create incentives for local communities as well as state and regional government and opinion-makers to support tiger conservation.

Enhance capacities of the Forest Department to control poaching of tigers and prey species.

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Promote the political will as well as popular support within all sectors of society for tiger conservation.

WWF-India: 40 years of Nature Conservation

WWF-India started life as a wildlife conservation organization. It was founded in 1969 as a Charitable Public Trust, with the express objective of ensuring the conservation of the country's wildlife and wild habitats. The official launch of the Indian National Appeal (name given for National offices by WWF-International) was done by the then PM Indira Gandhi on 27th Nov 1969 at the India International Centre, New Delhi Aptly, it was then known as the World Wildlife Fund-India. This was much before the terms "wildlife" and "environment" had caught government or public attention. Even the Wildlife (Protection) Act came into being three years later, in 1972. WWF-India's beginnings were modest. Operating out of a limited office space at the Horn Bill house in Mumbai and with very few full-time staff, it relied largely on the goodwill of the closeknit group of its founders, and other associates who voluntarily contributed their time and resources to the work of the organization.

In 1976, it sent an expedition led by Dr. Salim Ali, to Ladakh, to establish the status of the rare Blacknecked Crane. In 1980, the Sea Turtle Conservation Project was launched.

A whole host of other Indian species have received attention from time to time. Among these are the Wolf, the Andaman Teal, the Hispid Hare, the Pygmy Hog, the Flamingoes of Kachchh, the lesser Cats, the Greater Adjutant Stork in Assam, the Hangul in Kashmir, and the Lion-tailed Macaque, to name just a few.

More recently, there have been projects relating to the Asiatic Lion, the highly endangered Himalayan Newt, the Red Panda, the Mountain Quail, the Pheasants, the Great Indian Bustard, and several other species.

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Right from the inception of Project Tiger, WWF-India has been involved with the project in an advisory capacity. Several of WWF-India's Trustees - eminent conservationists in their own right - have been on the Project Tiger Steering Committee, the Indian Board for Wildlife, and other national apex bodies for wildlife conservation.

The organization was also instrumental in securing the future of several tiger habitats and other wilderness areas, through lobbying at the highest levels. Among the significant ones are: the Dalma Hills (1976) and the Gautama Buddha Sanctuaries (1978) in Bihar, the EravikulamRajamalai in Kerala to protect the Nilgiri Tahr, and the country's first Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kachchh. It was also in the forefront of the campaigns to save the world-famous Silent valley from a proposed hydroelectric project and have it established as a National Park.

In 1984, its recommendation to notify Buxa in north Bengal as a Tiger Reserve was accepted. The Government of Assam acted on a similar proposal and in 1986, established the DibruSaikhowa Sanctuary. Other campaigns have led to the establishment of the Delhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Mansarovar Lake and Dodai Lake Sanctuaries, Balpakhram Sanctuary in Meghalaya. WWF-India has also been engaged in legal activism to secure the future of a number of sensitive wildlife areas, including Bhittarkanika in Orissa, Narayan Sarovar in Gujarat

Another notable area of the organization's work is the monitoring of wildlife trade through the TRAFFIC-division. It has ably assisted the enforcement agencies over a number of years, in the work of field investigations, raids and seizures, enforcement training, and field studies. It has made notable contributions in the field of live bird trade, ivory, edible swiftlet nests, sandalwood, shahtoosh, pangolin, musk, bear bile, tiger parts, and rhino horn. One of the recent successful campaigns using both print and electronic media is captioned "Don't Buy Trouble" and targets potential customers of illegal wildlife products.

Today, WWF-India is not only the country's largest voluntary body in the field of conservation,

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it has also grown into a network with a countrywide presence, It has taken on diverse activities in the field of nature protection - ranging from education and capacity building, to field projects in biodiversity, to enviro-legal action, to policy studies and advocacy.

FUNCTIONS OF WWF:

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

FOOTPRINT REDUCTION

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INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate

social

responsibility (CSR,

also

called corporate

conscience, corporate

citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business) is a form of corporate selfregulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. The goal of CSR is to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest (PI) by

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encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. CSR is the deliberate inclusion of PI into corporate decision, that is the core business of the company or firm, and the honoring of a triple bottom line: people, planet, profit.

The term "corporate social responsibility" came in to common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s, after many multinational corporations formed. The term stakeholder, meaning those on whom an organization's activities have an impact, was used to describe corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach in 1984. Proponents argue that corporations make more long term profits by operating with a perspective, while critics argue that CSR distracts from the economic role of businesses. Others argue CSR is merely window-dressing, or an attempt to preempt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations.

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CSR is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for and will uphold to its consumers. Development business ethics is one of the forms of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR (currently a Draft International Standard).

How companies benefit from the CSR concept???????????

No matter the size of an organization or the level of its involvement with CSR, every contribution is important and provides a number of benefits to both the community and business. Contributing to and supporting CSR does not have to be costly or time consuming and more and more businesses active in their local communities are seeing significant benefits from their involvement:

Reduced costs Increased business leads Increased reputation Increased staff morale and skills development Improved relationships with the local community, partners and clients Innovation in processes, products and services Managing the risks a company faces

Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns into their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders (employees, customers, shareholders, investors, local communities, government), on a voluntary basis.

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SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT

Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate
[1]

conscience, corporate

citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business)

is a form of corporate self-

regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. The goal of CSR is to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest(PI) by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality.

Measuring the rate of which, various organizations use CSR in their organizations to increase the credibility and good will of the company. Here a survey is being conducted from various reputed organizations who may or may not include various Social activities to perform CSR for their organization. The survey is being collected with the help of a e-QUESTIONNAIRE, which was being asked by various Head authorities of various organization in a face-to-face interaction.

The primary objective of this report is to measure the rate, by which various companies inculcate CSR in their business.

The secondary objective is to perform the Marketing of several products being marketed by WWF to gain funds for Wildlife and Nature conservation The tools used are graphs, percentages, Statistical tool as Standard Deviation etc.

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CHAPTER - II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this article, the author JOHN MBURU from University of Bonn has expressed his views regarding Wildlife Conservation and Management Towards Co-Management approach.The co-management approach of managing natural resources has increasingly become popular among conservationists and development practitioners since it overcomes the shortcomings of both the centralized management and community-based approaches that hinder harmonization of conflicting interests among diverse stakeholder groups. Considering criteria developed from theoretical advancements on comanagement and drawing on empirical studies conducted in Kenya, the paper examines how successful the co-management approach has been in terms of meeting the needs and interests of local communities and conservationists. Further, it analyses some of the factors or conditions that contribute towards the emergence and subsequent adoption of the co-management approach in the conservation and management of wildlife. These factors, which may also be important in other developing countries, include the provision of a favorable policy framework, institutional capacity of organized user groups to comanage wildlife resources, land tenure conditions and accessibility to wildlife resources. It is emphasized that the co-management approach has had, so far, mixed results and there are certain important factors challenging its successful implementation in Kenya.

In this article, author K.M Mittal from IILM has written about CSR and BIODIVERSITY. India needs to create a new autonomous authority, green custodian as a constitutional office the Environment Protector of India, in order to provide institutional framework for environmental security. The EPI would play the role of an ombudsman to decide whether a highway should pass through a national park or a particular region should always be kept independent of commercial activity (Divan, 2011).

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There is need to create awareness for protecting countrys biodiversity such as avifauna posed by countrys ambitious development. Environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, de-forestation, etc. pose challenge to countrys rich fauna and flora, which needs to be controlled through concerted efforts of all concerned including political will at highest level. What is needed is political will to implement decisions which are important from environment, economic and above all national point of view.

This article has been taken from a International Conference discussion where the topic was on SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS TOWWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, REFORESTATION AND ENDANGERED SPECIES. The article offers corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related activities in Australia. It cites Kangaroo Island where delegates can be guided through the wildlife and fauna conservation parks in the island. It includes the revegetation project aims to restock Cairns' rare and prehistoric rainforest. Moreover, delegates can participate in the turtle monitoring conservation program where they can protect endangered species.

This Article lays emphasis on the CSR Activities being performed by Giant Organizations like Ogilvy PR and NOKIA Mobile Phones. They emphasized more on Orangutan and Wildlife Conservation. Ogilvy Public Relations is launching a CSR campaign on behalf of Nokia Mobile Phones Indonesia to help protect the endangered Indonesian orangutan. Regina Hutama, marketing communications manager at Nokia Mobile Phones Indonesia, said that the campaign stemmed from the company's global policy of promoting social initiatives. The program will be run in conjunction with NGO Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia, affiliate to Orangutan Foundation Indonesia and the International Orangutan Foundation.

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This article is about CSR in the area of Rain Water Conservation. Saving the rain forest from yet another palm oil plantation would certainly garner a company favorable attention from environmentalists. In this article, we show that by strategically practicing corporate social responsibility (CSR), a company can do well by doing good; in other words, it can make a profit and make the world a better place at the same time. CSR is regarded as voluntary corporate commitment to exceed the explicit and implicit obligations imposed on a company by societys expectations of conventional corporate behavior. Hence, CSR is a way of promoting social trends in order to enhance societys basic order, which we define as consisting of obligations that cover both the legal framework and social conventions. Due to globalization, companies are now less constrained by societys basic order than they have been in the past. Because different countries have different laws and standards, there are more ways to get away with less than ideal behavior in the quest for greater and greater profits. Nearly everyone agrees that this is not a good thing, but what can be done? Via this article, we offer an understanding of CSR that could be the answer.

The Council of Europe's Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats is a binding international treaty in the field of nature conservation aimed at the protection of the natural heritage in the European continent. The Bern Convention aims to conserve Europe's wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats.It was an innovative biodiversity convention at the time of its birth, over 30 years ago, through its approach to protect both species and habitats. The treaty also takes account of the impact that other policies may have on natural heritage and it recognizes the intrinsic value of wild flora and fauna, which needs to be preserved and passed to future generations. The convention has produced extensive guidance and standards, including species actions plans, strategies, and over 140 recommendations and resolutions to help countries improve their national policies on nature conservation. The Bern Convention has combined concrete and practical action on the conservation and management of key species and sites with more strategic and forward-looking instruments on complex issues,

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long before they were subject to legislation, like invasive alien species or biodiversity adaptation to climate change. This work on current and relevant issues, developed in partnership and cooperation with other biodiversity conventions, the scientific community and non-governmental organizations, is one of the convention's strengths that has continued to motivate European countries to join and support this multilateral environmental agreement.

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) emerged in the official discourse of the EU in 2000. This article explains how, while CSR may have been initially an idea about the scope of the responsibility of companies towards their environment, it has now become a process in which the representatives of the business community have come to occupy the main role, and whose purpose is to promote learning among business organizations, rather than to identify the components of a regulatory framework for CSR. The central question now, therefore, is whether the so-called business case for CSR is strong enough, so that we may hope that the forces of market will suffice to encourage companies to behave responsibly, over and above their obligation to comply with their legal obligations. The article shows, however, that this case rests on certain presuppositions about markets and the business environment, which cannot be simply assumed, but should be affirmatively created by a regulatory framework for CSR. Following the introduction, it proceeds in four stages. First, it examines the development of CSR in the EU. Second, it offers a critical examination of the so-called business case for CSR, taking into account the growing diversity within the enlarged EU. It then discusses, as an alternative, what a regulatory framework for CSR could resemble, highlighting a number of initiatives which have been taken in this regard by the EU. The article finally concludes that, since the failure of the European MultiStakeholder Forum on CSR in 2004, the debate has made a turn in the wrong direction, both because of the mistaken view that the establishment of a regulatory framework for CSR would threaten the competitiveness of European companies, and because of the naive (and contradictory) view that reliance on market mechanisms will suffice to ensure

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that corporations will seek to minimize the negative social and environmental impacts of their activities, even in circumstances where they are not legally obliged to do so.

This article is a preliminary attempt to understand the corporate social responsibility claims and impacts of Aracruz Celulose sa, Brazil's largest pulp and paper manufacturer.Aracruz locates its operations in the vulnerable biodiversity hotspot of the Atlantic Forest, having acquired 800 000 hectares of land in five states of Brazil for the planting of eucalyptus. It owns some of the largest pulp and paper mills in the country. Both its record of land acquisition and its impact on the environment have resulted in considerable social conflict with the indigenous inhabitants, former slave communities and other small farmers in the state of Spirit Santo, and with supportive activist ngos. The company's application of formal corporate social responsibility practices often flies in the face of its social and environmental impacts. This raises questions about the nature of corporate social responsibility and its claims in developing countries like Brazil and elsewhere.

The paper analyses the motives and consequences of including environmental protection in good managerial practices driven by a concern of responsible corporate behavior. Corporate Social Responsibility is increasingly discussed in economics and management studies today. This idea is fairly recent and stems from a philosophical school of thought attributed to Hans Jonas, which says that nature must be preserved for anthropocentric as well as bio centric reasons. In this respect, the consequences that these two visions imply for men and companies will be developed. Corporate leaders often make use of this concept, which finds its origins in philosophy, in order to analyze the normative behavior of their companies. In this respect we shall favor a jonasian interpretation. Hans Jonas will help us question the fundamental meaning of responsibility. We will attempt to investigate this meaning using CSR. More specifically,

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this article tries to answer the question: what exactly is corporate responsibility? Is it a mere concept currently in fashion, or is it a new structural approach which could indeed take responsibility into account in so far as long-term environmental preservation is concerned? In order to answer this question, we shall first propose a reading of stakeholders. This approach poses several problems when dealing with corporate responsibility regarding the preservation of nature. Secondly, we shall present a more detailed analysis of such corporate social responsibility and the problems it poses. The debate regarding action with the interest of its outcome and action in the interest of the action itself shall be the focal point of our discussion. This article will adopt a narrative and critical methodology. So as to achieve this goal, we propose to critically analyse theoretical paradigms and test them through case studies.

The article presents an assessment of several environmental issues that were published in the first quarter of 2007. It talks about the power shortages and the need to take energy conservation seriously in China and in India. The increasing interest in nuclear power, considered as one of the consequences of these power shortages, is discussed. The article also focuses on the risk faced by workers in using toxic chemicals in Asian factories and the regulations in China about the role of banks in corporate social responsibility. The article offers a look at various issues, such as threat to land, environment and ecosystem, faced by the mining industry in Canada. The effects of mining and metallurgy on vegetation and wildlife can be huge. Also, abandoned mines continue to wreak havoc on the environment. In addition to these, the mining industry is tackling corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Canada's mining industry answered these issues by adopting the Environmental Protection Act. The act addresses these issues to reduce pollution, protect the environment and human health, and promote sustainable development. The article reports on the initiative of Ford International Puerto Rico to offer environmental and conservation grant program, which donates up to $400,000 a year in Puerto Rico. It mentions that the awardees are chosen based on their program's impact on

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the environment and include projects dedicated to the conservation of flora and fauna in their respective habitats. According to Larry Prein, managing director of Ford International, they aim to conserve the planet.

The article is about the FMCG Companies of India, that takes part in Corporate Social Responsibility very frequently and effectively. Effective Corporate Social

Responsibilities or CSR initiatives shall be taken keeping all the stakeholder's issues in mind including the legal, ethical, commercial and other expectations society has for the business. CSR initiatives in India are now taken by many companies. Especially for the FMCG companies, where the major challenge is reduction of packaging materials, these companies are doing work in the field of Environment, Health care, Education, Community welfare, Women's empowerment and Girl Child care. Companies like Hindustan Unilever started work on CO2 reduction also. The websites of these companies are providing information about their CSR initiatives but are found not updated regularly. For checking their CSR performance, Karmayog Rating is taken. The rating gives good insight on CSR ratings of major FMCG companies of India. The method of calculating the rating also discussed. In appendices, India's top three major FMCGs companies overall CSR initiatives are discussed.

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CHAPTER III (RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES)

RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE OF STUDY HYPOTHESIS METHODOLOGY

(a) Sample method (c) Tools used

(b) sampling size (d) Area covered

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RESEARCH DESIGN

A Research Design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It details the procedure necessary for obtaining the information needed to structure or solve marketing research problem. A research design lays the foundation for conducting the project. A good research design will ensure that the marketing research project is conducted effectively and efficiently. Typically a research design involves the following components: 1. Design the Exploratory, Descriptive and Causal phase of research 2. Define the information needed 3. Specify the measurement and scaling procedures 4. Construct a appropriate form of data collection 5. Specify the sampling process and Sampling Size 6. Develop a plan of data analysis

RESEARCH DESIGN is a plan outlining how information is to be gathered whether primary or secondary for an assessment or evaluation that includes identifying the data gathering methods such as questionnaire, interview etc. , the tools to be used/created , how the tools will be administered, and how the information will be organized and analyzed after collection.

It can be defined as a plan that defines the research question, hypotheses to be examined, and the number and type of variables to be studied. It also assesses the relationship between the variables by using well-developed principles of scientific inquiry.

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CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN

RESEARCH DESIGN

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN

CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

CAUSAL RESEARCH

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RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly important activity to businesses nationally and internationally. As globalization accelerates and large corporations serve as global providers, these corporations have progressively recognized the benefits of providing CSR programs in their various locations. CSR activities are now being undertaken throughout the globe.

In this age of core competency among various organizations, every company has to perform some kind of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), to increase the credibility of the company among its stake holders. CSR for a company helps in adding value to the profile of the company.

The measure of evaluating the involvement of various Organizations to perform CSR can be done by doing a SURVEY, with the help of a questionnaire, which contain a set of inter related questions, that helps in gaining the information regarding that particular field.

The present study is being conducted to measure the role of various businessmen in performing CSR in their company for value addition, Competition. The present survey is being collected from various respondents around 35.

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OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

To know the awareness and indulgement level of the respondents in Corporate

Social Responsibility (CSR) towards Nature and Wildlife Conservation.

To know the Consumers involvement level about the products provided by the
WWF.

To market the products and services being provided by WWF.

To perform promotional and selling activity of one of the most remarkable Coffee
table magazine of WWF TIGER TALK

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HYPOTHESIS

A supposition, a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question, something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument or to account for a fact or an occurrence.

A hypothesis is simply a mere assumption or some supposition to be proved or disproved. But for a researcher hypothesis is a formal question that he intends to resolve.

Quite often a research hypothesis is a predictive statement, capable of being tested by scientific methods, that relates independent variables to some dependent variables.

A statement that explains or makes generalizations about a set of facts or principles, usually forming a basis for possible experiments to confirm its viability.

The word hypothesis refers to different kinds of statements, or sets of statements, that scientists make about natural phenomena. A hypothesis is a proposition that attempts to explain a set of facts in a unified way. It generally forms the basis of experiments designed to establish its plausibility. Though a hypothesis can never be proven true it can sometimes be verified beyond reasonable doubt in the context of a particular theoretical approach. A scientific law is a hypothesis that is assumed to be universally true.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis should be clear and precise. If the hypothesis is not clear and precise, the inferences drawn on its basis cannot be taken as reliable.

Hypothesis should be capable of being tested.

Hypothesis should state relationship between variables, if it happens to be a rational

hypothesis.

Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific.

Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms so that the same
is easily understandable by all concerned.

Hypothesis should be consistent with most known facts i.e. it must be consistent with
a substantial body of established facts.

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Z-TEST

A Z-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's Z distribution if the null hypothesis is true. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known.

History
The Z-statistic was introduced in 1908 by William Sealy Gosset, a chemist working for the Guinness brewery in Dublin, Ireland

The most frequently used Z-Test are:

A one-sample location test of whether the mean of a normally distributed population has a value specified in a null hypothesis. A two sample location test of the null hypothesis that the means of two normally distributed populations are equal. All such tests are usually called Student's Z-tests.

Independent one-sample Z-test

In testing the null hypothesis that the population mean is equal to a specified value 0, one uses the statistic

Where s is the sample standard deviation of the sample and n is the sample size. The
degrees of freedom used in this test is n 1.

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METHODOLOGY

What is research?
According Webster (1985), Research is to search or investigate exhaustively. It is a careful or diligent search, studious inquiry or examination especially investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws, it can also be the collection of information about a particular subject.

What is a sample?
According Webster (1985), A sample is a finite part of a statistical population whose properties are studied to gain information about the whole. When dealing with people, it can be defined as a set of respondents (people) selected from a larger population for the purpose of a survey.

A population is a group of individuals persons, objects, or items from which samples are taken for measurement for example a population of presidents or professors, books or students.

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SAMPLING

Sampling is the act, process, or technique of selecting a suitable sample, or a representative part of a population for the purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of the whole population.

Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of an unbiased or random subset of individual observations within a population of individuals intended to yield some knowledge about the population of concern, especially for the purposes of making predictions based on statistical inference. Sampling is an important aspect of data collection.

Researchers rarely survey the entire population for two reasons: the cost is too high, and the population is dynamic in that the individuals making up the population may change over time. The three main advantages of sampling are that the cost is lower, data collection is faster, and since the data set is smaller it is possible to ensure homogeneity and to improve the accuracy and quality of the data.

Each observation measures one or more properties (such as weight, location, color) of observable bodies distinguished as independent objects or individuals. Results from probability theory and statistical theory are employed to guide practice. In business and medical research, sampling is widely used for gathering information about a population.

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SAMPLING METHODS

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non probability. In probability sampling, each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected. Probability methods include random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling.

In non-probability sampling, members are selected from the population in some non random manner. These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be calculated, while in non-probability sampling it is just vice-versa

Some of the Sampling Methods are as under:

Simple Random Sampling Stratified Sampling Systematic Sampling Convenience Sampling Quota Sampling Judgment Sampling Cluster Sampling The sampling that I have used in my major project is STRATIFIED SAMPLING

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STRATIFIED SAMPLING

Where the population embraces a number of distinct categories, the frame can be organized by these categories into separate "strata." Each stratum is then sampled as an independent subpopulation, out of which individual elements can be randomly selected. There are several potential benefits to stratified sampling.

First, dividing the population into distinct, independent strata can enable researchers to draw inferences about specific subgroups that may be lost in a more generalized random sample.

Second, utilizing a stratified sampling method can lead to more efficient statistical estimates (provided that strata are selected based upon relevance to the criterion in question, instead of availability of the samples). Even if a stratified sampling approach does not lead to increased statistical efficiency, such a tactic will not result in less efficiency than would simple random sampling, provided that each stratum is proportional to the groups size in the population.

Third, it is sometimes the case that data are more readily available for individual, pre-existing strata within a population than for the overall population; in such cases, using a stratified sampling approach may be more convenient than aggregating data across groups (though this may potentially be at odds with the previously noted importance of utilizing criterion-relevant strata).

Finally, since each stratum is treated as an independent population, different sampling approaches can be applied to different strata, potentially enabling researchers to use the approach best suited (or most cost-effective) for each identified subgroup within the population.

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A stratified sampling approach is most effective when three conditions are met 1. Variability within strata are minimized 2. Variability between strata are maximized 3. The variables upon which the population is stratified are strongly correlated with the desired dependent variable.

ADVANTAGES OF OTHER SAMPLING METHODS 1. Focuses on important subpopulations and ignores irrelevant ones. 2. Allows use of different sampling techniques for different subpopulations. 3. Improves the accuracy/efficiency of estimation. 4. Permits greater balancing of statistical power of tests of differences between strata by sampling equal numbers from strata varying widely in size.

DISADVANTAGES 1. Requires selection of relevant stratification variables which can be difficult. 2. Is not useful when there are no homogeneous subgroups. 3. Can be expensive to implement

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SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size drawn for collecting the primary data is 35 respondents.

These 35 respondents belongs from various sectors like Automotive, Industrial, Retail, Food and Beverages, Tourism, Hotel, Colonizers, Construction sector etc.

All the respondents are selected on the basis of Stratified Sampling Method and data collected from all the respondents is with the help of Questionnaire made by me.

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TOOLS USED

The primary information will be collected through questionnaire method.

The tools to be used for analyzing the collected data will be :Statistical Tables Graphs Pie charts Percentage

AREA COVERED

The questionnaire is circulated to the respondents of doing Business or Organizations of BHOPAL REGION and its proximity like Mandideep, Sehore ONLY.

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CHAPTER IV (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS)

DATA COLLECTION AND REPRESENTATION o Tabular & Graphs

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS

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1. Which of the following best describes the industry sector your company is operating? Options
Finance, Securities & Insurances Textiles and Clothing Oil or Gas Food & Consumer Packaged Foods Transportation Services Automotive High-tech and Consumer Electronics Construction and Building Materials Retail Tourism Warehouse Industrial Manufacturing College/Institutions

No. of Respondents
4 0 0 1 0 9 3 3 3 7 1 2 2

Percentage (%)
11% 0% 0% 3% 0% 26% 9% 9% 9% 20% 3% 6% 6%

TOTAL

35

100%

P a g e | 38

No. of Respondents

Finance, Securities & Insurances 0% 3% 6% 6% 11% 0% Textiles and Clothing Oil or Gas 3% 0% Food & Consumer Packaged Foods Transportation Services Automotive 26% 9% 8% 8% High-tech and Consumer Electronics Construction and Building Materials Retail Tourism Warehouse Industrial Manufacturing College/Institutions

20%

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Major 26% of the respondents are from automotive sector, who showed their interest in CSR towards Nature and Wildlife Conservation. 20% of the respondents are from Food and Consumer Packaged Goods Followed by 11%, 9% and 8%, who belongs to Finance, Retail and Construction sector respectively

P a g e | 39

2. How many people work in your company?

Options
<10 10-50 51-100 101-250 >250 TOTAL

No. of Respondents
0 15 5 6 9 35

Percentage (%)
0% 43% 14% 17% 26% 100%

<10

Oct-50

51-100
0% 0% 26%

101-250

>250

43%

17%

14%

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

43% of the respondents have around 10-50 employees in their organization 26% of the respondents have 50-100 employees in their company.

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3. How did you learn first about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?

Options
Local NGOs Business Associations Chamber of Commerce Media Other Companies TOTAL

No. of Respondents
14 9 3 7 2 35

Percentage (%)
40% 26% 9% 20% 6% 100%

0% 6% 20% 40%

8%

26%

Local NGOs

Business Associations

Chamber of Commerce

Media

Other Companies

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Majority 40% of the organizations learn about CSR through Local NGOs. 26% of the respondents get aware about CSR by Business associations. 20% of the Companies know about CSR by means of Media (Print & Electronic)

P a g e | 41

4. Which of the below definitions describes CSR best in your opinion?

Options
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definition 4 Definition 5 TOTAL

No. of Respondents
0 1 10 14 10 35

Percentage (%)
0% 3% 29% 40% 29% 100%

14 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definition 4 Definition 5 1 0 Series1 Series2 10 10

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority 40% of the respondents believe that CSR is a set of policies for effective decision making. 29% Respondents equally believe that CSR is about promoting corporate fairness and managing economic and social relationship with its stakeholders respectively.

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5. How long do you think it would take to implement CSR in your company?

Options
2-3 weeks 1Month 2 Months 1 Year Other TOTAL

No. of Respondents
2 4 8 21 0 35

Percentage (%)
6% 11% 23% 60% 0% 100%

Other 1 Year 2 Months 1Month 2-3 weeks

Options 0 5 10 15 20 25

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority 60% of the respondents are in favor that they would take 1 year to implement CSR in their company, which is quite a long period. 23% respondents take about 2 Months to implement CSR in their company.

P a g e | 43

6. What would be in your opinion be the biggest obstacle to integrate CSR in your business operations?

Options
Lack of Human Resources Lack of Employee Motivation Lack of Time No support from Top Management Lack of Funds No benefit expected from CSR TOTAL

No. of Respondents
5 4 12 5

Percentage (%)
14% 11% 34% 14%

8 1 35

23% 3% 100%

3% 14% 23% 12% Lack of Employee Motivation 14% 34% Lack of Time No support from Top Management Lack of Funds No benefit expected from CSR Lack of Human Resources

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7. What incentives would encourage your company to implement CSR practices?

Options
Govt. Financial Incentives Award Schemes Facilitated participation in business networks Concessional Credit grant Schemes Linkages with Larger firms Other TOTAL

No. of Respondents
3 8 8

Percentage (%)
9% 23% 23%

5 8 3 35

14% 23% 9% 100%

23%
10 5 0

23% 14% 9%

9%

Series1

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

23% respondents equally believe in Award Schemes, participation in business networks and Linkages with larger firms for implementing their CSR.

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8. Are you a supplier to larger national or International Companies?

Options
Yes No No answer TOTAL

No. of Respondents
4 31 0 35

Percentage (%)
11% 89% 0% 100%

31, 89%

4, 11% Yes No No answer

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority of the Targeted respondents i.e. 89% are not the supplier to Large National or International Companies. 11% of the targeted companies are a supplier to National/International Companies.

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9. Would you hire a professional consultant/advisor to help your company deal with CSR in a strategic way?

Options
Yes No No answer TOTAL

No. of Respondents
19 14 2 35

Percentage (%)
54% 14% 6% 100%

No. of Respondents
Yes No No answer

6% 40%

54%

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

54% of the respondents are in favor that they would hire a professional consultant to implement CSR in their company. While 14% of the respondents are not in favor of hiring professional consultant. 6% have not given any answer.

P a g e | 47

10. Please indicate whether in your opinion the below listed activities form part of CSR. PROVIDING JOB POSSIBILITIES TO HANDICAPPED PEOPLE

Options
YES UNCERTAIN NO NO ANSWER TOTAL

No. of Respondents
14 14 5 2 35

Percentage (%)
40% 40% 14% 6% 100%

14%

6% 40%

40%

YES

UNCERTAIN

NO

NO ANSWER

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OFFERING FREE LUNCH TO EMPLOYEES

Options
YES UNCERTAIN NO NO ANSWER TOTAL

No. of Respondents
9 13 12 1 35

Percentage (%)
26% 37% 34% 3% 100%

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 YES 9

13 12

Series1

UNCERTAIN

NO

NO ANSWER

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 13% of the respondents are uncertain about providing free lunch to employees in their
CSR.

While, 12% of the respondents so want to provide free lunch to their employees in their
CSR.

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CLEANING PROCEDURES WITH REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION

Options
YES UNCERTAIN NO NO ANSWER TOTAL

No. of Respondents
7 14 12 2 35

Percentage (%)
20% 40% 34% 6% 100%

YES

UNCERTAIN

NO

NO ANSWER

6%

20%

34%

40%

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

40% of the respondents are uncertain about cleaning procedures with reduced water consumption to be included in their CSR. While, 34% do want to include this in their CSR

P a g e | 50

INVOLVING CONSERVATIONAL PROGRAMMES (NATURE AND WILDLIFE) WITH VARIOUS NGOs

Options
YES UNCERTAIN NO NO ANSWER TOTAL

No. of Respondents
16 16 2 1 35

Percentage (%)
46% 46% 7% 3% 100%

NO ANSWER

NO

2 Series1

UNCERTAIN

16

YES 0 5 10 15

16

20

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

46% of the respondents equally in favor of indulging and uncertain of indulging Conservational Programmes in their CSR respectively.

P a g e | 51

MAKE REGULAR DONATIONS TO CHARITIES

Options
YES UNCERTAIN NO NO ANSWER TOTAL

No. of Respondents
17 15 2 1 35

Percentage (%)
48% 43% 6% 3% 100%

20 15 10 5 0 YES

17

15

2 UNCERTAIN

1 NO ANSWER

NO

Series1

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

48% of the respondents are interested in doing regular charity donations to make it as a part of their CSR While, 48% of the respondents are uncertain about doing charity donations to be a part of their CSR.

P a g e | 52

PROVIDING GIFTS TO EMPLOYEES AS AN INCENTIVES IN ASSOCIATION WITH NGOs

Options
YES UNCERTAIN NO NO ANSWER TOTAL

No. of Respondents
21 11 3 0 35

Percentage (%)
60% 31% 9% 0% 100%

30 20 10 0 YES UNCERTAIN NO 60% 31% Series1 9% 0% NO ANSWER

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

60% of the majority are willing to provide gifts to their Employees as an incentive by associating with various NGOs. While, 31% are uncertain about indulging this activity in their CSR.

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11.Please Rate the importance of the below described activities/issues for a company that wants to engage in CSR as-

CLEANING PROCEDURE :

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
5 10 11 2 7 35

Percentage (%)
14% 29% 31% 6% 20% 100%

20% 6%

14%

29% 31%

1 (Very Important)

2 (Important)

3 (Moderate)

4 (Not Important)

5 (Not Important at all)

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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
2 10 11 6 6 35

Percentage (%)
6% 29% 31% 17% 17% 100%

5 (Not Important at all) 4 (Not Important) 3 (Moderate) 2 (Important) 1 (Very Important) 0 2 2 4 6

6 6 11 10

Series1

10

12

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority 31% respondents have moderate views about inculcating Industrial Pollution as a part of their CSR. While, 17% respondents have equally given no importance to Industrial pollution in their CSR.

P a g e | 55

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT LAW

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
0 6 16 9 4 35

Percentage (%)
0% 17% 46% 26% 11% 100%

5 (Not Important at all) 4 (Not Important) 3 (Moderate) 2 (Important) 1 (Very Important) 0 0

4 9 16 Series1 6

10

15

20

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority, 46% have moderate views about engaging/considering National Environment Law in their CSR.

P a g e | 56

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
7 9 14 4 1 35

Percentage (%)
20% 26% 40% 11% 3% 100%

5 (Not Important at all) 4 (Not Important) 3 (Moderate) 2 (Important) 1 (Very Important) 0

1 4 14 9 7 5 10 15 Series2 Series1

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority 40% people have moderate views about WILDLIFE CONSERVATION While, 20% and 26% of the respondents give equally weight age to Wildlife Conservation for their CSR.

P a g e | 57

NATURAL CONSERVATION

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
11 12 10 2 0 35

Percentage (%)
31% 34% 29% 6% 0% 100%

29%

34%

6%

31%

0%

1 (Very Important)

2 (Important)

3 (Moderate)

4 (Not Important)

5 (Not Important at all)

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority 34% and 31% gives importance to Natural Conservation in their CSR.

P a g e | 58

ENSURING HARMONY WITH NATURE & FOSTERING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
9 10 10 4 2 35

Percentage (%)
26% 29% 29% 11% 6% 100%

29%

6% 28% 17% 11%

26%

1 (Very Important)

2 (Important)

3 (Moderate)

4 (Not Important)

5 (Not Important at all)

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

29% of the respondents believe in ensuring harmony with nature to perform their CSR While, 11%+6%=17% respondents altogether do want to indulge in it and feels its unimportant for the CSR.

P a g e | 59

COOPERATION WITH SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES

Options
1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Not Important) 5 (Not Important at all) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
8 13 11 2 1 35

Percentage (%)
24% 36% 31% 6% 3% 100%

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

13 11 8

2 1 1 (Very Important) 2 (Important) 3 (Moderate)

4 (Not Important)

5 (Not Important at all) Series1

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

36% people believe Cooperation with various Schools and Universities to be implemented in their CSR.

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12.According to your opinion, what impact does CSR have on the following issues?(Only related to WWF mainly)

SALES (indirectly linked with Productivity, Operational cost and Revenues)

Options
Huge Positive Impact Medium Impact Huge Negative Impact Medium Negative Impact No Impact TOTAL

No. of Respondents
3 12 0 1 19 35

Percentage (%)
9% 34% 0% 3% 54% 100%

0% 3% 34% 54%

Huge Positive Impact Medium Impact Huge Negative Impact

9% Medium Negative Impact No Impact

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VALUE ADDITION

Options
Huge Positive Impact Medium Impact Huge Negative Impact Medium Negative Impact No Impact TOTAL

No. of Respondents
20 14 0 0 1 35

Percentage (%)
57% 40% 0% 0% 3% 100%

No Impact Medium Negative Impact Huge Negative Impact Medium Impact Huge Positive Impact 0 0 0

Series1 14 20 5 10 15 20

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority 57% of the respondents are in a favor that CSR has an incredible impact on Value addition of any organization, which increases the credibility of the company. 40% are also in the favor of increasing Value addition through CSR.

P a g e | 62

MEDIA PRESENCE

Options
Huge Positive Impact Medium Impact Huge Negative Impact Medium Negative Impact No Impact TOTAL

No. of Respondents
15 12 02 03 03 35

Percentage (%)
43% 34% 5% 9% 9% 100%

6%

8%

9% 43%

34%

Huge Positive Impact

Medium Impact

Huge Negative Impact

Medium Negative Impact

No Impact

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

43% of the respondents believe that CSR play a significant role in gaining attention in Media i.e. MEDIA PRESENCE While, 34% are in the favor that CSR has Medium Impact on Media Presence.

P a g e | 63

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

Options
Huge Positive Impact Medium Impact Huge Negative Impact Medium Negative Impact No Impact TOTAL

No. of Respondents
15 12 01 03 04 35

Percentage (%)
43% 34% 3% 9% 11% 100%

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

15 12

3 1

Series1

Huge Positive Impact

Medium Impact

Huge Negative Impact

Medium Negative Impact

No Impact

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

43% respondents believe that CSR has Huge Positive Impact on improving Government Relations, as it can be improved by organizing Camps with the help of Government. While, 34% respondents believe it has Medium Positive Impact.

P a g e | 64

13.Are you aware of WWF?

Options
Yes No May be TOTAL

No. of Respondents
27 1 7 35

Percentage (%)
77% 3% 20% 100%

20% 3% Yes

No

May be 77%

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority i.e. 77% of the respondents are aware of this Prestigious, renowned International NGO i.e. WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature India) While, 20% respondents are questionable about WWF.

P a g e | 65

14.How do you aware of WWF?

Options
WWF Products WWF Awareness Programmes WWF Camps WWF International Presence Media (Print and Electronic) TOTAL

No. of Respondents
1 8 0 18 8 35

Percentage (%)
3% 23% 0% 51% 23% 100%

WWF Products

23% 51%

WWF Awareness Programmes WWF Camps 3%

23%

WWF International Presence Media (Print and Electronic)

0%

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

51% of the respondents are aware of WWF because of its International Presence. While, 23% respondents equally aware of WWF because of its Awareness Programmes and its presence in Media (Print and Electronic)

P a g e | 66

15.Would you like to associate with WWF?

Options
Yes No May be TOTAL

No. of Respondents
8 6 21 35

Percentage (%)
23% 17% 60% 100%

May be

60%

No

17%

Series1

Yes

23%

10

15

20

25

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Majority i.e. 60% are not sure about associating with WWF, it means People are usually less concern about indulging CSR in their organization, because of less awareness about Corporate Social Responsibility. While, 23% , respondents who are more aware and interested in CSR would like to associate with WWF, by conducting various Programmes and Purchasing

Products(calendars, diary etc)being made WWG specially from EPCO Papers .

P a g e | 67

Testing of hypothesis
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Q3 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 4 1 4 3 5 1 1 3 2 1 3 5 4 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 Q7 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 2 5 6 5 4 4 3 5 1 3 5 3 1 3 5 1 4 2 3 5 5 4 3 1 5 11.4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 11.5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 12.14 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 3 3 13.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 5 5 4 5 2 1 2 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 13.6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 5 2 1 2 1 2 13.11 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 13.12 1 2 2 5 5 1 2 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 15 16 5 5 2 5 2 2 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 4 2 1 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 X 21 26 19 26 24 18 24 29 29 30 22 31 29 29 17 19 23 32 20 30 32 28 29 29 24 15 29 23 22 33 26 29 26 19 30 X=892

P a g e | 68

Using Standard deviation method

Formula :

_ X = 892/35

P a g e | 69

25.5

CHART X 21 26 19 26 24 18 24 29 29 30 22 31 29 29 dX = X - X -4.5 0.5 -6.5 0.5 -1.5 -7.5 -1.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 -3.5 5.5 3.5 3.5 dX2 20.25 0.25 42.25 0.25 2.25 56.25 2.25 12.25 12.25 20.25 12.25 30.25 12.25 12.25

P a g e | 70

17 19 23 32 20 30 32 28 29 29 24 15 29 23 22 33 26 29 26

-8.5 -6.5 - 2.5 6.5 -5.5 4.5 6.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 -1.5 -10.5 3.5 -2.5 -3.5 7.5 0.5 3.5 0.5

72.25 42.25 6.25 42.25 30.25 20.25 42.25 6.25 12.25 12.25 2.25 110.25 12.25 6.25 12.25 56.25 0.25 12.25 0.25

P a g e | 71

19 30 TOTAL

-6.5 4.5

42.25 20.25 dX2 = 796.75

MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION

STANDARD DEVIATION FORMULA

P a g e | 72

= 796.75/35 = 22.76 = 4.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING BY USING Z-TEST

By using formula :

Z = 25.5 26 4.8 35

P a g e | 73

= -0.618
Thus, -0.618<2.45(which is 5% of the table value) Since the calculated value(-0.618) is less than table value (2.45)

So, Hypothesis is accepted

CHAPTER V (CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS)

1. MAJOR FINDINGS 2. SUGGESTIONS 3. LIMITATIONS 4. CONCLUSIONS

P a g e | 74

MAJOR FINDINGS

NOTE :- MAJOR FINDINGS ARE COLLECTED ON THE BASIS OF THE RESPONSES GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS IN THE QUESTIONNAIRES GIVEN TO THEM.

Majority of the survey is being collected from Automotive sector i.e. 26% While, 20% of the interested respondents belongs to Food and Beverages Industry. But, it is found that CSR is mostly performed by INDUSTRIAL SECTOR AND HOTEL/TOURISM SECTOR. It is found from the survey that Mostly 43% of the organizations interested in performing CSR has about 10-50 employees in their organization. It is being concluded from the survey conducted that Majority 40% of the respondents learn about Corporate Social Responsibility by means of Local NGOs, followed by Business associations and Media, which comes out to be 26% and 20% respectively. 40% of the respondents define CSR as a set of policies for effective decision making. According to the survey, it has been found that Majority 60% of the respondents are in favor that they would take around 1 year to implement CSR in their company.

P a g e | 75

The major obstacle to integrate CSR in any business organizations is due to Lack of Time and funds, as being responded by 34% and 23% of the respondents respectively. 23% of the respondents equally believe that Award schemes, Participation in business networks and Linkages with larger firms are the main incentives that encourage their company to implement CSR in their Company.

Majority 89% of the companies are not the supplier to Larger National Companies; Most of them are local companies of Bhopal and its proximity. Most of the respondents (89%) are in favor that they would hire a professional consultant/advisor to help your company deal with CSR in a strategic way. 40% of the respondents are in favor of Providing Jobs to Handicapped People. While, 37% of the respondents are uncertain about offering free lunch to employees to be a part of their CSR. Most of respondent are not concerned about Cleaning procedures and water consumption to be included in their CSR Majority 46% and 48% of the respondents are in favor of Involving Conservational Programmes with various NGOs and Donations to Charity to be a part of their CSR. 60% of the respondents believe that they should provide gifts to employees as as incentive in associating with NGOs for performing their CSR. Majority of the respondents have Moderate views about Cleaning Procedures, Industrial Pollution, National Environment Law and wildlife conservation to be engaged in their CSR. While, 34% feels it important to include Nature Conservation in their CSR 54% of the respondents feels sales have no impact due to CSR.

P a g e | 76

While , Majority of the respondents are in favor that CSR has Positive impact on Value addition, Media Presence and Government Relations. It has been found from the survey that 77% respondents are aware of WWF. Because of its INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE (51%) But 60% of the respondents are not sure about associating with WWF.

SUGGESTIONS

WWF has to keep spreading awareness Programmes in Automotive, Industrial, Construction and Tourism/Hotel sector about their respective CSR activities in their field. WWF need to show their presence in various Social Networking Websites, various associations and Media, to keep aware with their Products and Programmes.

Since, People have less knowledge about CSR, So WWF has to make people aware the advantages of Corporate Social Responsibility in the interest of Society and their organization as well, by conducting various Awareness Programmes on various issues. WWF should find the best possible solution for which the respective company feels its obstacle to integrate CSR in their company.

P a g e | 77

WWF should associate with Large Government/Semi-Government Firms by providing special Discount Offers on their products and services.

Since, the people know about WWF because of its International Presence, Not because of their work unfortunately, So WWF need to aware people about their work by conducting various Conservational Programmes in the presence of Media.

It also need to increase its credibility among the population. FOR COMPANIES

Companies should ensure better understanding of CSR within the corporation at all levels. This can be achieved by creating work groups on CSR issues and encouraging CSR policy by means of rewards

Companies should allocate budget so they can address CSR issues. A toolkit should be developed for self-assessment of companies on CSR performance. To give more priority to environmental issues greening costs should be part of the project costs.

FOR NGOs

Much more work is needed to educate Indian consumers on the needs for and the benefits and costs of CSR. NGOs should lobby with media corporations to regularly publish and do ranking on not only financial but also on CSR benchmarks.

P a g e | 78

LIMITATIONS

Every Respondent was not easily ready to fill the questionnaire. Language barrier Time factor and appointments taken was the biggest limitation. The study was limited to 35 Respondents so it is difficult to give a precise conclusion. The data collected depends on the thoughts and perception of the Respondents towards the company so the chances of biasness are much in this case. The project focuses on the whole range of CSR issues with respect to a broad selection of business sectors. Since the project is limited in time and resources, it was impossible to perform an in-depth research into all these aspects for all business sectors.

P a g e | 79

Per business sector only selective companies are interviewed. It would be quite bold to draw general conclusions on business sectors on the basis of limited companies. This can only be done with the greatest caution.

The fact that companies participate in the project is an indication that they are interested in CSR. In general these are the companies that are already active on CSR or, at least, show a degree of transparency. It is therefore very likely that the findings in this report give a too positive image about CSR activities in general.

CONCLUSION

Biodiversity is the biggest gift of the nature being given to the society, and it should be the primary responsibility of any company to conserve Nature and Wildlife. While doing business a company/industry make so much harm to the society and nature and as a responsible business it is the duty of every business to take measures in the interest of the Society, by conducting various CSR programmes on regular interval.

The project has revealed some important facts and information about various Companies, Industrial sector and other sectors regarding their status and interest in performing CSR and it has been concluded that Most of the companies are interested in performing CSR and want to get associate with WWF to perform their CSR mostly in the field of Nature and Wildlife Conservation.

P a g e | 80

The project has revealed facts about the awareness and Interest of various Business and industrial sectors about the Nature and Wildlife conservation and the steps they can take by associating with WWF by purchasing their eco-friendly EPCO Paper made calendars, diaries and COFFEETABLE ALBUM related to tiger conservation TIGER TALK and by conducting various Environment conservation related Programmes or by spreading knowledge about Biodiversity conservation ,to implement CSR, which could be proved beneficial in the interest of the company and society as well.

REFERENCES

Websites :
http://www.wwfindia.org/ http://www.facebook.com/WWF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility http://www.norwayemb.org.in/News_and_events/Business/CSR-in-India/ http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=524543 http://www.trikal.org/ictbm11/pdf/csr/D1348-done.pdf http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=a65cc24a-3a80-4a1c-a5dc967a8cfdf3e9%40sessionmgr13&vid=1&hid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d %3d#db=bth&AN=45667585

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http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=fcad6fd3-94e4-437b-ad67e2b84d6a5718%40sessionmgr15&vid=1&hid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3 d%3d#db=bth&AN=12945732 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=5584c775-cad7-4f6a-9a30e778236f92a8%40sessionmgr15&vid=1&hid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d %3d#db=bth&AN=35560252 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=b9672700-83ba-40aa-b448515f15d383da%40sessionmgr15&vid=1&hid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d %3d#db=bth&AN=24471025 http://www.field.org.uk/files/CSR_RECIEL_Siegele_Ward_0.pdf http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-3/article/Wildlife-Conservation-in-India

Books:
Kotler, Philip ; Marketing Management, 13th ed, Keller, Lane Kevin, 2009.

Dr. Shukla, S. M. ; Specialized Accounts, Sahitya Bhawan, 2002.

Various Pamphlets, Books, TIGER TALK published by WWF-India.

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ANNEXURES
COPY OF QUESTIONNAIRE BROCHURES