EE-621 Transformer Engineering and Practices

Materials for transformers.

Insulating oil, insulating paper, pressboard, wood, insulated

copper conductor for windings, crepe paper, sealing materials, cold rolled grain oriented electrical steel sheet. Magnetic Circuit. Materials, design of magnetic circuit, optimum design of core. Winding and Insulation. Types of windings, surge voltage, heat transfer, insulation design. Tap Changers. Off - circuit tap changer, on load tap changer, automatic control of tap changer. Forces in Power Transformers. Leakages flux. Axial and radial forces, methods of force calculation, reinforcement of coils to withstand short circuit forces. Cooling Arrangements. Types of cooling and cooling arrangements, propeller fans and oil pumps, flow indicators. Transformer Auxiliaries. Buchholz relay, temperature indicators, oil level indicators, oil preservation systems. Text Books/References : 1. 2. 3. Transformers BHEL, Bhopal, Tata McGraw Hill. Transformer Engineering, SV Kulkarni and SA Khaparde Marcel & Dekks Inc. Transformer Engineering design and practices, SV Kulkarni, SA Khaparde, Marcel

Dekker Inc New york.

EE-622

H V Techniques

Insulation Materials and Systems: Insulation system in practice, dielectric losses, ageing and life expectancy: Outdoor insulation: Materials, ageing, diagnostic, polymeric materials, semi-conducting ceramic glazes, AC and impulse voltage flashover studies on a string of insulators, RIV and Corona Studies on insulator strings, High voltage testing. Dry, wet and pollution testing, high current testing, composite stress testing. Insulation Failure: Dielectric Formalism, equivalent circuits, intrinsic dielectrics strength, mechanisms of electrical and thermal breakdown in solids, dielectric relaxation in condensed matter, phenomenological theory of ageing, mechanisms of ageing under electrical, thermal and combined stresses, accelerated ageing tests, statistical models for insulation failure, ageing data analysis, ageing and failure due to partial discharges, ageing in multi-component insulation system. Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring: Need for diagnostics and condition monitoring, on-line/on-site testing, diagnostic tests, transformer impulse test, neutral current method, digital techniques, data acquisition principles and problems, TF and CF method, winding structure, natural frequencies, newer methods for fault identification and diagnostics, PD measurement, background, analysis, calibration, digital PD measurement, PD as a diagnostic tool, PD signal, noise reduction methods, PD pattern, fault discrimination and insulation degradation. Text Books/References: 1. M. S. Naidu, V. Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering McGraw Hill, 1995. 2. M. Khalifa, High Voltage Engineering: Theory & Practice Dekker, 1990. 3. H. M. Ryan, High Voltage Engineering & Testing, Petr Pregrinus, 1994. 4. Kuffel and Zaengal, High Voltage Engineering, Newnes, 2000. 5. Kuffel & Abdulla M., High Voltage Engineering, Pergamon Press. 6. Wadhwa C. L., High Voltage Engineering, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1994. 7. Relevant IS standards and IEC Standards. 8. Bouhcher C. J. F., Theory of Electrical polarization, Elsevier Publication, 1962.
9.

Whitehead S., Dielectric Breakdown of Solids, Oxford University Press, Clarendon 1953.

EE-624

Computer Applications in Power Transformer Design

Basic Design methodology and engineering considerations. Properties of materials and their effect on design. Choice of materials and frames. Computerization of design procedures.

Optimization techniques and their applications to power transformer problem. Performance analysis and development of PC based software.

Text Books/References: 1. Transformer engineering, S.V. Kulkarni and S.A. Khaparde, Marcel and Dekker Inc.
2. Principles of Electrical Machine Design with Computer Programs, S.K.Sen, Oxford &

IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

EE-625

Condition Monitoring of Power Apparatus

Introduction: General concept of condition monitoring, general issues of condition monitoring, Main components in a condition monitoring system, condition monitoring techniques. Power Transformer Condition Monitoring: Transformer faults and monitoring techniques, monitoring for on-load top changer, insulation monitoring, sweep frequency response test for condition monitoring, recent trend/research on power transformer condition monitoring. Power-generation Condition Monitoring: Power-generation faults and monitoring methods, stator winding faults, rotor body faults, rotor winding faults, stator-core faults, condition monitoring for generator stator windings. Induction Motor Condition Monitoring: Induction motor faults and monitoring methods, faults such as stator faults, rotor faults, bearing faults, air gap eccentricities. Popular Monitoring Techniques such as Vibration monitoring, Current monitoring.

Text Books/References: 1. P. J. Tavner and J. Penman, Condition Monitroing of Electrical Machine, Letchworth, England, Research Studies Press, Ltd., 1987. 2. Mazen A. S., Ed., High Voltage Engineering Theory and Practices, Second Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2000. 3. Kuffel E, Zaengl WS and Kuffel L, High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals, Second Eddition, Butterworth Heimann, 2000. 4. Handbook of Condition Monitoring by B. K. N. Rao, Elsevier Science Publisher, 1st Edition, 1996. 5. Y. Han and Y. H. Song, Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electrical Equipment A Literature Survey. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 1, January 2003. 6. Mechanical Faults Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring, RA Colacott, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

EE-626 Advanced Power System Protection

Introduction: General Philosophy Characteristic function of protective relay basic relay elements and relay terminology basic construction of static relay no-critic switching circuits. Protection of Power Apparatus: Protection of generators stator phase fault protection lost excitation protected generator off-line protection Transformer protection factors affecting differential protection magnetizing inrush current Application and connection of transformer different relays transformers over current protection Examples motor protection. Protection of Transmission System: Bus protection typical bus arrangements transformer bus combination bus different systems line protection classification of lines and feeders Techniques applicable for line protection distance protection for phase faults Fault resistance arc relaying long Etty line protection Backup remote local and breaker failure. Protection of Reactors, Boosters & Capacitors: Placement of reactors system Types of reactor reactor rating application and protection boosters in the power system transformer tap changing protection boosters capacitors in an interconnected power system series shunt series shunt connections protection of capacitors. Digital Protection: Digital signal processing Digital filtering in protection relay digital data transmission Numeric relay hardware relay algorithm distance relays direction comparison relays differential relays software considerations numeric relay testing concept of modern coordinated control system. Text Books/References: 1). Power System Protection, P. M. Anderson, IEEE Press Series. 2). Electrical Power System Protection Arther Wright, Christo Christopoules, Publisher Springer 3). Protective Relays Theory & Practice Vol-II, A. R. Van &C Wanington, Chapman & Hall. 4). Fundamental of Microprocessor& Microcomputer by B. Ram, Dhanpat Rai & Sons. 5). Power System Protection Static relays by T. S. M. Rao, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.