JABATAN PELAJARAN JOHOR

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

Instructions to candidates: Answer all the questions in Section A in (he spaces provided, All working must be shown. For numerical answers, unit must be quoted wherever they are appropriate. Answer any four questions from section B. For this section, write your answers on the answer sheets. Begin each answer on afresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order. Tie your answer sheets to this booklet. Answers may be written in either English or Malay. A Data Booklet is provided.
For Examiner's use (Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa)

1
2

3 4

5
6 7
S

10
Total (Jumlah)

This question paper consists of23 printed pages.

STPM 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

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Section A [40 marks]

Answerall the questions in this section.

1. (a) A 20 dm3 closed vessel containing 1.5 mole H 2 gas, x mole N 2 gas and 1.2 mole CO2 gas has a total pressure of 500 kPa at a temperature of 298 K. (i) Calculatethevalueofx. [3marks]

(ii) 1.5 mole of neon gas was added into the 20 dm3 vessel. Calculate the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas. [1 mark]

(b) Hydrazine, N2H4 is used as fuel for rocket. (i) Write the electronic configuration of nitrogen atom. [1 mark]

(ii) Draw the dot ^ r o s s structure for hydrazine molecule.

[1 mark]

(c) The boiling point of dimethyl ether(CH3OCH3) is lower than that of propanone (CH3COCH3). (i) Give a reason for the difference in their boiling points. [2 marks]

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(ii) State the types of hybridisation present in the carbon atoms of the two compounds betow. Dimethyl ether : Propanone : , [2 marks]

2 (a) (i) Give the definition for standard electrode potential.

[2marks]

The standard reduction electrode potential for several half-cell reactions at 298 K are shown in the table below. Ha!f-ce!l reactions. S 2 Oa z ' [Fe(CN)6]3Fe ~T Z
35

Ee +2.01 +0.36 +0.77 +0.54

2e + e ^

2S042" [Fe(CN)6]4' =TF?

5

^ + 2e

2|-

When an aqueous solution of potassium peroxodisulphate , K 2 S2O8 is added to an aqueous solution ofpotassium iodide, K l , a reddish brown solution is obtained. (ii) Write a balanced ionic equation for the above reaction. [2marks]

Write a cell diagram for the above reaction.

[1 mark]

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[1mark]

(iv) Calculate the standard cell e.m.f., E 0 Cfill for the reaction in (b)(iii).

(b) The phase diagram of a substance W is shown below.

(i) State all the changes of phases of substance W at the following points as the temperature increases. [2marks]

P: R: T:

Q: S:

(ii) Base on the curve OY1 compare the density of solid W and liquid W.

[1 mark]

(iii) Describe the change in melting point when pressure Is increased

[1mark]

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3 A student examined the water from a mining pool which contains fead(ll) ions. The presence of Iead ions can be shown by the precipitation of yellow Iead (II) iodide. The solubility of a saturated solution of Iead(II) iodide at 15C is 0.46 gdm"3. (a) (i) Write an expression for the solubility product, Ksp, for Iead (II) iodide at 15 0C. [1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the concentration of Iead (II) ions in moldm"3.

[2marks]

(iii) Calculate the concentration of iodide ions in moldm"3.

[2marks]

(iv) Calculate the solubility product, Kspt for Iead (Il) iodide.

11 mark]

(b) Strips of copper are dropped into a conical flask containing hot 50% nitric acid solution. A colourless and very reactive gas is given off. The gas then reacts with oxygen in the air to form a brown gas.

(i) Name the colourless gas .

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the equation for the reaction between copper and nitric acid.

[1 mark]

(iii) Identify the brown gas and write an equation for its formation

[2marks]

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4. Pethidine is a powerful painkilling drug:

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CO 2 CH 2 CH 3

CO 2 CH 2 CH 3

Pethidine

(a) The pethidine molecule contains two functional groups, one which reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give compound E. {i) What type of reaction is this and what type of functional group does it show the pethidine molecule to have? [2marks]

Name the other functional group in the molecule. State the type of reaction undergone, and give the structural formula of each of the products, when pethidine reacts under reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide. [3marks] Functional group: Type of reaction:

Structural formula:

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{b) 2-bromobutane reacts with aqueous hydroxide ions to give butan-2-ol. (i) State the condition for this reaction. [1 mark]

(ii)

State what type of mechanism is involved in this reaction.

[1 mark]

(iii)

State the reagents needed to convert 2-bromobutane to CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH(OH)CH 3 in two steps. Step 1 : [2 marks]

Step 2 :

(iv)

Name one reagent that can be used to differentiate between 2-bromobutane and CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH(OH)CH 3 without heating. [1 mark]

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Section B [60 marks] Answerfour questions in this section,

5. (a) The major buffer system that is used to controi the pH of blood consists of carbonic acid, H2CO3 and sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, Explain how the system works in controlling the pH ofthe blood, [4 marks]

(b) 20.0 cm3 of 0,20 mol dm'3 aqueous NH3 was titrated with 0.16 mol dm'3 aqueous HCL Sketch a graph of pH against volume of HCl(aq) added during the titration process. Mark and explain the position of the equivalence point. [4 marks]

(c) The activation energy, Ea, of a reaction can be calculated from the Arrhenius equation:

k = Ae

_E

"

/ R T

where k = rate constant, R = gas constant, T = temperature, and A = frequency factor. Rate constants for the decomposition of acetonedicarboxylic acid are k = 4.75 x 10^ s"1 at 293 K and k = 1,63 x 10' 3 's' 1 at 303 K. CO(CH2COOH)2 (aq) (i) (ii) (iii) CO(CH3)2(aq) + 2 C0 2 (g) [4 marks] [1 mark] [2 marks]

Calculate the activation energy, E a , of this reaction. Write the rate equation for the reaction. What is the time taken for the concentration of CO(CH2COOH)2 (aq) to change from 2,00 mol dm"3 to 1.00 mol dm*3 at 303 K.

6. (a)

The following data are found of chlorine. Enthalpy change of atomisation, Electron affinity, Enthalpy change of hydration, AH 1 = +121 kJ mor 1 AH2 = - 364 kJ mol'1 AH3 = - 381 kJ mol"1

By drawing an energy cycle, calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction, AH4. V* CI2(Q)
+

water + e'

> CP (aq)

AH<. [6 marks]

Deduce the strength of chlorine as an oxidising agent based on the AH4 value obtained.

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(b) (i) Gases can only be tiquefled by pressure alone if their temperature is below their 'critical temperature', Tc. Above the critical temperature no amount of pressure will liquefy a gas. Use the following data and suggest an explanation for their critical temperatures. Gas Methane Ammonia steam formula CH^ NH3 H2O ~~ Mr t6 17 18 TcZ0C -82 133 374 [5 marks) (ii) In the industrial liquefaction of air, high pressure air is allowed to expand into a region of Iow pressure, whereupon its temperature drops by a (arge amount. An ideal gas does not show this behaviour. Give an explanation for the above observation. [4 marks] 7 The formation of magnesium oxide can be represented with a Born-Haber cycle as shown below.
Mg**(g) + O1Ig)

| Aff j

| Aff6; 018)

Mr(g) | Aff1
Mg(g)

t
4

bH. AH

0(g)

| Affl
Mg(s)

AH,

Tcygl Atf,
V

MgO(s)

(a) (i) Name the enthalpy change AH1, AH2 and AH7

[3marks]

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(b) (i) Gases can only be liquefied by pressure alone if their temperature is below their 'critical temperature', Tc. Above the critical temperature no amount of pressure will liquefy a gas. Use the following data and suggest an explanation for their critical temperatures. Gas Methane Ammonia steam formula ChL NH3 H2O Mf 16 17 18 TcZ0C -82 133 374 [5 marks] (ii) In the industrial liquefaction of air, high pressure air is allowed to expand into a region of Iow pressure, whereupon its temperature drops by a large amount. An ideal gas does not show this behaviour. Give an explanation for the above observation. [4 marks] 7 The formation of magnesium oxide can be represented with a Born-Haber cycle as shown below. Mg^'(g)

+ 0*-(g) | ^ o-(g)
|

AH3
Mr(g)

AH1

W, AH

Mg(g) A AW1
Mg(s)

I I
AH.

0(g)

WA

joj(g) MgO(s)

(a) (i) Name the enthalpy change AH i l AH2 and AH7

[3marks]

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(ii) From the following data,calcuiate the enthalpy change of formation , AHf, for magnesium oxide. AH1 AH2 AH3 AH4 +AH 5 + AH6 AH7 - +150 kJ mo!'1 = +736 kJ mol"1 = +1450 kJ mol"1 = +950 kJ mol"1 = - 3889 kJ mol'1 [3marks]

(iii)The lattice energy for barium oxide is -3152 kJ mol"1, while for magnesium oxide is - 3889 kJ mol"\Explain this different in lattice energy. [3marks]

(b) Chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs, are small alkane molecules in which some ofthe hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of chlorine and fluorine. (i) CFCs present an environment concern. Explain why and write equations for the reactions involved. friendly.Give your reasoning. [4 marks] [2 marks] (ii) A typical CFC is CCI2F2. Suggest a similar molecule which is more environment

8 (a) (i) Explain why the smell of chlorine disappears when it is passed into cold and hot aqueous sodium hydroxide respectively. [5marks] (ii) The boiling point of HF,HCI, HBr and Hl are shown below. Hydrogen halide Boiling point(K) Explainthe trend. HF 293 HCI 188 HBr 206 ~ Hl 238 [4marks]

(b) X is a complex compound with the molecular formula CrCI3. 6H 2 0. An aqueous solution of X containing 0.05 mol of solute will react completely with 0.05 mol of silver nitrate. (i) Give the formula of complex X and state the type of isomerism is shown, [2 marks] (ii) Draw and name all isomers ofX. [4 marks]

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9. (a) Explain the term optical isomerism, using the compound CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 as an example. (b) I3
marks

X1 C8H10O , liberates white fumes with phosphorous^) chloride. X reacts with alkaline

iodine to give yel!ow precipitates. When X is heated with an excess of concentrated sulphuric acid, compound Y is formed, Y can be converted to X. Under suitable conditions , Y undergoes polymerization. Determine the structure of X and Y. Explain how you derive the structures and write the Equations of the reactions involved. [7marks]

(c) Compounds A and B are two isomers with molecular formula CeH10O. A dissolves in aqueous sodium hydroxide but B does not. B gives off white fumes with thionyl chloride and forms a yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine but A does not. B is synthesised starting from bromobenzene whereas A is from 4-ethylaniline. Explain the above observations and write the structural formulae of A and B. [5 marks]

10. (a) Compounds R and S have the following structure. ^CH

2

CH R

NH

<^QyCH2CONH2 S [2 marks]

(!)

Write equations for the reactions, if any, when R and S react separately with

dilute hydrochloric acid under suitable conditions.

(ii) Describe briefly a chemical test, stating the reagents and conditions used, ar>d observations, to distinguish between R and S. [3 marks]

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(b) State the reagents and conditions for steps I , Il and III. Draw the structural formulae of A and B.

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Br ^

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H

III

B *< C ^ O H

CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 CO 2 CI

[5marks]

(c)

Describe the scheme of reactions(in not more than 3 steps), stating the reagents and starting f r 0 m < ^ Q ^ C H 3 [5 marks]

conditions, forthe synthesis of < ^ Q ^ C O O C 2 H 6

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