ALL THE BLACK PEOPLE IN THE BIBLE by Leonardo Stevenson 32~ ----------------------------------------------------------One-Hundred and thirty-five Black Bible Characters

A.A.S.R. Prince Hall Affiliation ================================ Hypertext Version 1.7b March 1992

(C) Copyright 1992 all rights reserved This review copy has been sent to you because the author recognizes you as a person to whom the subject matter may be of some particular importance. If after reading this work, you feel that this unique effort will help people to understand the truth about this neglected subject, please take the time to write us a few words to let us know your reactions, and any comments you would like to share with others. Please indicate that we have your permission to quote your comments as a review, to possibly use in a forward to the published final edition. Additional copies are available @ $6.00 apiece postpaid, or 3 for $15.00. (All pre-paid copies will be printed with a brand-new ribbon, resulting in a possibly superior copy to the free review-version.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------If you have a computer & printer, and you'd like to sell/distribute this book, when you write, request information regarding our "Negotiated-Site-License". =============================================================================== *THANK YOU* Leon Stevenson 32~ 2140 Shattuck Avenue Suite #2294 Berkeley, CA 94704 /^\ //^\\ ///^\\\ ///{0}\\\ /////^\\\\\ //////^\\\\\\ Dataline:510-704-9655 Protocol: 8/N/1 24 Hours 2400 Baud Desert-well BBS

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" And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set MASONS to hew stones to build the HOUSE OF GOD." ------ 1 Chronicles 22:2

================================================================================ ================================================================================ ================================================================================ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------:Black Bible Characters Hypertext-version 1.7b +-------------------------------------------------+ ALL THE BLACK PEOPLE IN THE BIBLE.

---------------------------------Leonardo C. Stevenson 32~ A.A.S.R. Prince Hall Affiliation With extensive ----------------Biblical References, anotations and charts. +-------------------------------------------------+ " The Lord shall give thee rest from sorrow, and from thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve." - Isaiah 14:3 " Princes shall come out of Egypt, Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hand to God." - Psalms 68:31 " Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; Phut and Lubim were thy helpers. " - Nahum 3:9

=============================================================================== INTRODUCTION ============== +------------------------------------------------------------------+ " And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the Ark, were Shem and Ham and Japheth: And Ham is the father of Canaan. These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth overspread." - Genesis 9:17-18 +------------------------------------------------------------------+ * According to the Bible, all of human life, that dwells upon the face of the earth, are descendants of Noah and his three sons. Before we go into the the stories of the Black Bible Characters, we are going to make some points clear, which has kept the truth obscured or hidden from the people that have needed this knowledge the most. * " Now these ARE the generations of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japeth and unto them were sons born after the flood. The sons of Japheth; Gomer and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations.

- Genesis 10:1 - 5 * What we have started here is a list of descendants and who and where they were, and where they are now. We are begining to chart out the three great races of mankind. These were after the flood. We had better give a quick mention to Noah's father Lamech and grandfather Methuselah. They are truly the great-great-grandfathers of post-antideleuvian homo-sapiens. And the descendants of Noah populated the planet after the flood. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------* INDEX OF CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS =================================== C-1. Noah's family tree. C-2. The sons of Japheth. C-3. The sons of Ham. C-4. The sons of Shem. C-5. List of Black words found in the Bible. C-6. Descendants of Ham and Canaan. C-7. Black Royalty descended from the Hamite line. C-8. Royal Intermarriages between Blacks and Hebrews. C-9. The Davidic Line. C-10. Index to Black Bible Characters. C-11 C-12 C-13 Listing of Bible-reference chapters in order. Alphbetical listing of Black Bible Characters including lists of Kings and Queens. Bibliography and suggested reading.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOAH'S FAMILY TREE -----------------And they are: ENOCH METHUSELAH LAMECH NOAH // // \\ \\ [C-1]*

// \\ JAPETH HAM SHEM // \\ (Caucasians) (Blacks) (Semites) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sons of Japheth ----------------[C-2]*

The Bible starts the listing with Japheth and his sons. "Gomer and Magag, and Madai, and Javen, and Tubal, and Meshesh, and Tiris." Of these seven sons only two had sons that split so far off that their sons had their own branch, these would be the Greeks and Cimmerians. SONS OF JAPHETH (Caucasians or Japhites) ---------------------------------------* * * * Gomer.................................Cimmerians Magog.................................Europeans Madai.................................Medians Javan.................................Grecians

* Tubal & Meshesh.................................Russians * * * Tiras.................................Thracians Ashkenaz.................................Germans Tarshish.................................Spanish -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Sons of Ham ------------" And the sons of Ham; Cush and Mizraim, and Phut and Canaan. " - Genesis 10:6 [C-3]*

SONS OF HAM (Blacks or Hamites) ------------------------------* * * * Cush.................................Ethiopeans Mizraim.................................Egyptians Phut.................................Libyans or Cyrenacians Canaan.................................Canaanites and Phoenicians

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sons of Shem -------------" Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber,

[C-4]*

the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him children were born. The children of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram." - Genesis 10:21-22 SONS OF SHEM (Hebrews or Shemites) ---------------------------------* * * * * Elam..................................Khuzistanis Asshur..................................Assyrians Arphaxad..................................Chaldeans Lud..................................Lydians Aram..................................Syrians & Mesopotamians

------------------------------------------------------------------------------* In Genesis 11:7 God confounded their language; thus causing them to separate and form new nations. Japheth and his family traveled in a northernly direction, eventually settling in the area north of the Mediteranian Sea. Thus we can call Japheth the "father of Europe." * As for Ham and Shem, their families moved in a southernly manner, and only a few remained in the area around Babal. Shem settled in Syria, Assryia, a large part of Arabia, and the Persian Gulf. He is called the "father of the Hebrews. * Ham had four son, and three of them moved south and occupied Africa. But his youngest son, Canaan, settled in what today we call " Palestine." The original name for this country was Canaan or Canaan's-land. * It has been often said that the Israelites granted citizenship in their country; but scholars have forgotten the fact that Canaan-land and the surrounding land was Black-dominated for nearly four-hundred years before the Hebrews left Egypt as prisoners and slaves. In Genesis 9:18 -- God calls Ham the "FATHER of CANAAN". (See Genesis 12:5-6, 10:15-19; Exodus 3:8; Deut. 7:11; and 1 Chron. 1:40) * Later in this volume I explain the "curse of Ham" and why it has no connection to the color of his skin. There are several points that need to be explained, in order to understand why many of Ham's descendants have never been able to grasp the fact that they were once used Scripturally by God. % % (This brainwashing of a people is an offense to God & a crime against humanity. Once this fact is understood, Black people will never again be made to feel that they are second-class citizens. I have been led by the Spirit to minister to the

innocent victims of this situation via this book, so I say to all my Black brothers & sisters, stand fast, have faith & be of good cheer, " The best is yet to come." See 1 John 2:8-11 & 3 John v.2.) * This failure to realize his Scriptural significance has been a result of false and misleading teachings by 3rd-rate scholars, a complete-lack of the understanding of the "confusion of languages" which occurs when most scholars assume that because the Biblical Canaanite uses Hebrew words and expressions, that he must be a Semitic descendant. This makes no sense, and if it is only non-sense, maintained as "disinformation",then it it being used as a suppliment to the constant brainwashing that Ham's descendants confronted in the New World. * There are many words used in our Scripture which are falsely believed to be of Semitic origin. But these words are generally proper names for a person or place. These names originated in Canaan, and were invented by Black people when Egypt was known as Ham. (See Psalms 105:23-27; 106:21-22) See Chart [C-5] * When the children of Israel departed from "land of Ham", they wound up in Canaan-land after 40 years as nomads. They adopted the Canaanite words into their own vocabularies. (A proper name is not usually translated, but adopted.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------[C-5]* LIST OF BLACK WORDS FOUND IN THE BIBLE ---------------------------------------This list is by no means complete or exaustive: * l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Ai Beersheba Beeroth Bethel Bethle-Ham (Bethleham) Gath Gaza Geze Gibeon Gilgal Hebron Jericho Jerusalem Joppa Kedesh Mamre Salem Sidon Tyre

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Descendants of Ham and Sons of Canaan ------------------------------------* " And Canaan begat Sidon his first-born, and Heth, And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Gurgasite, [C-6]*

And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: And afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad." - Genesis 10:15-18 * DESCENDANTS OF HAM AND CANAAN ----------------------------NAME.....................MEANING............ORIGIN...................... -----------------------------------------------------------------------1. Sidon or Zidon 2. Heth 3. Hittite 4. Jebusite 5. Amorite 6. Hivite 7. Cushi 8. Cushite 9. Cush Fisherman Fear from Heth Jerusalem Highlanders Villagers Ethiopia Ethiopia Black Egypt Bend Low 1st son of Canaan 2nd son of Canaan 2nd son of Canaan descendant of Canaan descendant of Canaan descendant of Canaan derived from Cush derived from Cush 1st son of Ham 2nd son of Ham 3rd son of Ham 4th son of Ham

* * * * * * * * * *

* 10. Mizraim * 11. Phut * 12. Canaan

------------------------------------------------------------------------------[C-7]* BLACK ROYALTY DESCENDED FROM THE HAMITE LINE HAM // \\ // \\ CUSH CANAAN // \\ // MIZRAIM \\ // // // // TIRHAKAH, ZERAH, CANDACE AMENHOTEP-III THE QUEEN OF SHEBA \\ SETI-I, HOPHRA \\ NECHO-XXXVI, RAMESSES-II \\ \\ \\ \\ JOSIAH, JOTHAM

JEHOASH, JEZEBEL KING SOLOMON

------------------------------------------------------------------------------[C-8]* ROYAL INTERMARRIAGES BETWEEN BLACKS AND HEBREWS ----------------------------------------------BLACK --- HEBREW REFERENCE ====================================== Abraham - Hagar \ Keturah Shechem - Dinah Judith - Esau Bashemath / Mahalath / Cushite Women - Moses Zipporah / Bathsheba - David (Hittite) Queen of Sheba - Solomon Moabite Princess / Ammonite Princess / Edomite Princess / Zidonian Princess / Hittite Princess / Genesis 16:3 Genesis 25:1-4; 1 Chron 1:32-33 Genesis 34:1-12; 16:1-3,16 Genesis 26:34-35; 27:46; 28:9

Genesis 10:6; Numbers 12:1 Exodus 2:21; 4:25; 18:2 Genesis 10:15; 1 Chron. 1:13; 2 Samuel 12:9 1 Kings 1:11

------------------------------------------------------------------------------[C-9]* THE DAVIDIC LINE CONTINUED FROM KINGJEHORAM OF JUDAH AND HIS HAMITE QUEEN -------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Jechonias 2. Salathiel 3. Zorobabel 4. Abiud 5. Eliakim 6. Azor 7. Sadoc 8. Achim 9. Eliud 10. Eleazar 11. Matthan 12. Jacob 13. Joseph (Husband of Virgin Mary) ===============================================================================

* I speak the Word of Knowledge + by revelation & inspiration. I read the scriptures, and the Truth is revealed to me. I am inspired thereby to share this knowledge, with those who have the need to know the truth. Some brothers who have expressed considerable interest in my literary works have asked questions regarding the authority for my claims that the people whose biographical sketches are presented herein are their long-lost ancestors. + (By "Word of Knowledge" I mean as in 1 Corinthians Ch. 12 v. 8) * As there is no recognised major field of study regarding this area it has been necessary to bring-into-being a new field, which we have given the title of: Scriptural Hamitics ====================== meaning the study of Hamite or Hamitic culture as recorded in the Volumes of Sacred Laws. This present work is based upon the Old and New Testiments, but we encourage those seriously interested in this new field to become conversant with the Holy Koran as some of the same characters are written about from the perspective of the Ishmaelian lineage as a complementary study to the Davidic-line. ================================================================================ [C-10* ---------------------------------------------------------------------INDEX TO BLACK BIBLE CHARACTERS ====================================================================== 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. HAM CUSH NIMROD MIZRAIM PHUT CANAAN DEDAN & SHEBA ANER MELCHIZIDEK ISHMAEL 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ASSHUR SEBA HAVILAH SABTAH RAAMAH SABTECA LEHABIM ZIDON HETH HAMOR 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ARAD HOHAM JOBAB ER SHELAH SHUA SISERA LETUSHIM/LEUMMIM HAGAR ADBEEL

---------------------------------------------------------------------31. MASSA 41. RAHAB 51. JESSIE 32. MIBSAM 42. ADONIZEDEK 52. GOLIATH 33. MISHMA 43. JAPHIA 53. AHIMELECH 34. NAPHISH 44. PIRAM 54. URIAH 35. OBIL 45. ADONIBEZEK 55. BATHSHEBA 36. ABIMELECH 46. CUSHAN-R. 56. ARAUNAH 37. EPHRON 47. ABIMELEK 57. SOLOMON 38. ZIPPORAH 48. DELILAH 58. REHOBOAM 39. GERSHOM etc. 49. BOAZ 59. HIRAM(S) TYRE & ABIFF 40. OG 50. OBED 60. HADAD (4) ----------------------------------------------------------------------61. ETHBALL 71. UZZIAH 81. ZEDEKIAH 62. JEZEBEL 72. JOTHAM 82. EBEDMELECH 63. ATHALIAH 73. AHAZ 83. CUSHI (3) 64. MATTAN 74. HEZEKIAH 84. ZEPHANIAH 65. AHAZIAH-1 75. MANASSEH 85. QUEEN OF SHEBA 66. JORAM 76. AMON 86. TIRHAKAH

67. 68. 69. 70.

AHAZIAH-2 JEHOSHEBA JOASH AMAZIAH

77. 78. 79. 80.

JOSIAH JEHOAHAZ JEHOIAKIM JEHOIACHIN

87. 88. 89. 90.

QUEEN CANDACE ETHIOPIAN EUNUCH THE 3 WISE MEN SIMON CYRENE

---------------------------------------------------------------------91. SIMON NIGER etc. 101. PH. MERENPTAH 111. ZOROBABEL 92. ASENATH etc. 102. PHAROAH-3 112. ABIUD 93. BITHIAH etc. 103. PH. SHISHAK 113. ELIAKIM 94. ISHBAH 104. PH. NECHO 114. AZOR 95. JAMBRES & JANNES 105. PH. HOPHRA 115. SADOC 96. JARHA 106. PHAROAH-4 116. ACHIM 97. ZERAH 107. PHAROAH-5 117. ELIUD 98. PHAROAH-1 108. PHAROAH-6 118. ELEAZAR 99. PHAROAH-2 109. JECHONIAS 119. MATTHAN 100. PH. RAMESES II 110. SALATHIEL 120. JACOB =============================================================================== [C-11]* BIBLE REFERENCES TO THE CHARACTER PORTRAYALS IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER ---------------------------------------------------------------For the sake of simplicity only the chapter headings are included. OLD TESTAMENT --------------GENESIS......5-7, 9-12, 14, 16-17, 20-21, 23-30, 33-39, 41,44,46, 49-50. EXODUS.......1-4, 18. NUMBERS......12,21,26,33. DEUTERONOMY..1,3,6,7,11,29,34. JOSHUA.......2,6,9,10,11,13,15,24. JUDGES.......1, 3-5, 8,9,16,18. RUTH.........4. 1 SAMUEL.....2,6,12,16-18, 21-22, 25-26. 2 SAMUEL.....5,9, 10-12, 20, 23-24. 1 KINGS......1-5, 7,9, 10-12, 14-16, 18. 2 KINGS......1,3,8,9, 11-12, 14-25. 1 CHRON......1-5, 9-12, 14, 22-23, 26-27, 29,36. 2 CHRON......1-3, 8-12, 14,20, 22-36. EZRA.........3,5. NEHAMIAH.....9, 12-13.

PSALMS.......51,(title),83, 135-136. SONG OF SOLOMON JEREMIAH.....13,15,22,36, 38-39, 44,52. EZEKIAL......27,36. HOSEA........1. AMOS.........1. MICAH........1. NAHUM........3. HABBUKUK.....3. ZEPHANIAH....1. HAGGAI.......1-2. ZECHARIAH....14.

NEW TESTAMENT --------------MATTHEW......1-2, 12,27. MARK.........15. LUKE.........3,23. ACTS.........2, 6-8, 11,13. ROMANS.......9, 15-16. 2 TIMOTHY....3. HEBREWS......11. JAMES........2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------[C-12]*

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BLACK BIBLE CHARACTERS ------------------------------------------------ A ABIMELECH...................................36 ABIMELEK....................................47

ABIUD........................................3 ACHIM......................................116 ADBEEL......................................30 ADONIBEZEK..................................45 ADONIZEDEK..................................42 AHAZ........................................73 AHAZIAH-1...................................65 AHAZIAH-2...................................67 AHIMELECH...................................53 ALEXANDER...................................91 AMAZIAH.....................................70 AMON........................................76 ANER.........................................8 ARAD........................................21 ARAUNAH.....................................56 ASENATH.....................................92 ASSHUR......................................11 ATHALIAH....................................63 AZOR.......................................114

- B BATHSHEBA...................................55 BITHIAH.....................................93 BOAZ........................................49

- C CANAAN.......................................6 CANDACE.....................................87 CUSH.........................................2 CUSHAN-RISHATHIAM...........................46 CUSHI (3)...................................83

- D DELILAH.....................................48 DEDAN........................................7

- E ELEAZAR....................................118 ELIAKIM....................................113 ELIUD......................................117 EBEDMELECH..................................82 ELIZAR......................................39 EPHRON......................................37 ER..........................................24 ETHBALL.....................................61 ETHIOPIAN EUNUCH............................88

- G GERSHOM.....................................39 GOLIATH.....................................52

- H HAM..........................................1 HADAD (4)...................................60 HAGAR.......................................29 HAMOR.......................................20 HAVILAH.....................................13 HETH........................................19 HEZEKIAH....................................74 HIRAM ABIFF.................................59 HIRAM OF TYRE...............................59 HOHAM.......................................22

- I ISHBAH......................................94 ISHMAEL.....................................10

- J JACOB......................................120 JAMBRES.....................................95 JANNES......................................95 JAPHIA......................................43 JARHA.......................................96 JECONIAS...................................109 JEHOAHAZ....................................78 JEHOIACHIN..................................80 JEHOIAKIM...................................79 JEHOSHEBA...................................68 JEZEBEL.....................................62 JESSIE......................................51 JOBAB.......................................23 JOASH.......................................69 JORAM.......................................66 JOSIAH......................................77 JOTHAM......................................72

- K KING KING KING KING KING KING ABIMELECH..............................36 ABIMELEK...............................47 ADONIBEZEK.............................45 ADONIZEDEK.............................42 AHAZ...................................73 AHAZIH-1...............................65

KING AHAZIH-2...............................67 KING AMAZIAH................................70 KING AMON...................................76 KING CUSHAN-RISHATHAIM......................46 KING ETHBALL................................61 KING ELIAKIM...............................113 KING HEZEKIAH...............................74 KING HADAD-2................................60 KING HADAD-3................................60 KING HIRAM OF TYRE..........................59 KING ISHMAEL................................10 KING JAPHIA.................................43 KING JEHOAHAZ...............................78 KING JEHOIACHIN.............................80 KING JEHOIAKIM..............................79 KING JEHORAM................................66 KING JOASH..................................69 KING JOTHAM.................................72 KING MANASSAH...............................75 KING MELCHIZEDEC.............................9 KING OG.....................................40 KING PIRAM..................................44 KING REHOBOAM...............................58 KING SOLOMON................................57 KING ZEDEKIAH...............................81 KING ZERAH..................................97 THREE KINGS OR WISE MEN.....................89

- L LEHABIM.....................................17 LETUSHIM....................................28 LEUMMIM.....................................28

- M MANASSEH....................................75 MASSA.......................................31 MATTAN......................................64 MATTHAN....................................119 MELCHIZEDEK..................................9 MIBSAM......................................32 MISHMA......................................33 MIZRAIM......................................4

- N NAPHISH.....................................34 NIMROD.......................................3

- O -

OBED........................................50 OBIL........................................35 OG..........................................40

- P PHAROAH HOPHRA.............................105 PHAROAH MERENPTAH..........................101 PHAROAH NECHO XXXVI........................104 PHAROAH RAMSES II..........................100 PHAROAH SHISHAK............................103 PHAROAH x-1.................................98 PHAROAH x-2.................................99 PHAROAH x-3................................102 PHAROAH x-4................................106 PHAROAH x-5................................107 PHAROAH x-6................................108 PHUT.........................................5 PIRAM.......................................44 POTIPHERA...................................92

- Q QUEEN QUEEN QUEEN QUEEN ATHALIAH..............................63 CANDACE...............................87 JEZEBEL...............................62 OF SHEBA..............................85

- R RAAMAH......................................15 RAHAB.......................................41 REHOBOAM....................................58 RUFUS.......................................91

- S SABTAH......................................14 SABTECA.....................................16 SADOC......................................115 SALATHIEL..................................110 SEBA........................................12 SHEBA........................................7 SHEBA,QUEEN OF..............................85 SHELAH......................................25 SHUA........................................26 SHUBUEL.....................................39 SIMON THE CYRENE............................90 SIMON NIGER.................................91 SISERA......................................27 SOLOMON.....................................57

- T TIRHAKAH....................................86 THREE WISE MEN..............................89

- U URIAH.......................................54 UZZIAH......................................71

- Z ZEDEKIAH....................................81 ZEPHANIAH...................................84 ZERAH.......................................97 ZIDON.......................................18 ZIPPORAH....................................38 ZERUBBABEL.................................111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

" And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set MASONS to hew stones to build the HOUSE OF GOD." ------ 1 Chronicles 22:2

ALL THE BLACK PEOPLE IN THE BIBLE =================================== ONE-HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIVE BLACK BIBLE CHARACTERS -----------------------------------------------------------* 1. Ham (Black-Hot) --Genesis 5:32; 6:10; 7:13; 9:18-22 10:1; 10:5-6; 10:20 Deut. 7:1; 11:23 1 Chron. 1:4-8 Nahum 3:9 Habekkuk 3:7 HAM ===== Ham's four sons were named Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan. There was much controversy about the curse of Ham. The idea that Ham was cursed with a Black skin pigmentation is false. This probably originated as a Catholic superstition. The Bible mentions nothing about his skin changing color. The curse only specified that his descendants (through his youngest son Canaan),

would have to be temporarily servants of Ham's brothers Shem and Japeth. This did not include Cush, Mizraim or Phut. Ham was created Black. He was the paternal ancestor of Ethiopia, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and many African tribes. He was also the patriarch of Southern Arabia, Crete, Cyprus, the Hittite Empire of Asia Minor, a part of Israel, and the Black Americans. These peoples can all be refered to as "Hamites". The Bible in the Book of Psalms, refers to Egypt as "The Land of Ham"; (see Psalms 78:51; 105:23-27; and 106:19-23).

2. Cush (Blackness) Ham's eldest son. ---Genesis 10:6-8 1 Chron. 1:8-10 2 Chron. 21:16 Jeremiah 13:23 Habekkuk 3:7 Acts 8:27 Cush ======

Cush was Ham's firstborn son and the grandson of Noah. He is regarded as the ancestor of the Cushites, the Black tribes in the region south of Egypt. Cush's six sons were named Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, Sabtechah, and Nimrod. When God confounded their language at Babylon, Cush gathered his family and traveled south, settling in Africa. He lived in the northeast part of Africa, while his brother Mizraim dwelt nearby in what we now call Egypt. Cush is sometimes called, "The Father of Ethiopia". The ancient name for Ethiopia was "Cushi", meaning land of Cush. Historically there were three types of Ethiopians. The northern type Ethiopian had wooly hair,while their southern cousins had straight hair. There was no genetic difference between these two peoples, but those who settled in the areas close to the equator gradually developed the wooly "Afro's" which was a blessing as it helped shield their heads from the fierce rays of the hot equatorial sun. The Bible mentions a third people called, "Arabian Ethiopians" who were the descendants of Cush who lived in Midian.

3. Nimrod (Brave) Cush's youngest son. -----Genesis 10:8-10; 11:3-9 1 Chron. 1:10 Nimrod ========

Nimrod was the son of Cush, grandson of Ham, and the great-grandson of Noah. In Genesis 10:9 he is called "the mighty hunter before God". Although his name is mainly associated with hunting, Nimrod was a mighty conquerer, and a powerful King in the region near the juncture of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Nimrod achieved legendary status as the first empire-builder and the first man to design and build an architectural project, a gigantic tower or "Zigarot" so that man might be able to climb up to heaven. This tower was built in a city called Babel, which was the starting-point of his empire. He received the required help from the families of Shem and Japeth,

whom he supervised in the making, baking, and transporting of clay bricks. The Lord was not pleased with their eagerness to climb to His heaven, so he payed them a visit and left them with their speech confused so that they were unable to communicate among themselves. This caused them to scatter abroad and the tower was left unfinished.. In Micah 5:5-6, Babalon is noted to be the region of Nimrod. Many scholars agree with this and further identify Nimrod as the Babalonian Herodiety named "Marduk" or "Merodach".

4. Mizraim (Egypt) Ham's second son. ------Genesis 10:6; 10:13-14 1 Chron. 1:8; 1:11-12 Mizraim ---------

Mizraim was the second son of Ham. His seven sons were named thusly: Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim (who was Ancestor of the Philistines), and lastly Caphtorim. After the confusion of tongues following the attempted construction of what we call, "The Tower of Babel", Mizraim followed his brothers Cush and Phut to Africa. He lived in the land known later as "Lower Egypt". In fact, Egypt was once called "Mizraim" before it came to be finally known as Egypt. The name Egypt was given to the area in honor of a beautiful Black woman, a Princess of the Nile Valley, whose name was "Egyptus". In ancient Hebrew, Mizraim was the word used to refer to the country now called Egypt.

5. Phut (Bend) Ham's 3rd son. ---Genesis 10:66 1 Chron 1:8 Ezekial 27:10; 30:5 Nahum 3:9 Mark 15:21 Acts 2:10; 6:9; 11:20 PHUT ------

Phut (Put) was Ham's third son and a descendant of Noah. He was known by the ancients as the ancestor of the peoples who lived along the coast of Africa near the Red Sea. Although the Bible doesn't mention any of his sons by name, it is certain that they are the people who the Libyans or Cyrenians are descended from. These people live in the upper northern region of Africa, and their capitol is Cyrene. They were famous as fighters with the bow and arrow and often hired themselves out as mercenary soldiers. The name Phut can be used to describe the bow because the literal meaning is bend or bent. After the coming of Jesus Christ, these same people however, became a significant part of Christian history. We must remember that it was Simon, (correctly Simion), the Cyrenian, who help Jesus carry his burden of the cross on his way to the Crucifixion. He also cared for Christ's mother during and after the Crucifixion. During the Pentecostal period, we find the Cyrenians listening to the instructions of Saint Peter. Also in Jerusalem, when Saint Stephen attempted to preach the Gospel of salvation, some groups including a few Cyrenians had him stoned to death.

However, this does not mean that the majority of them disaproved of the Gospel and Christianity. On the contrary, some Cyrenians continued to preach Christ's Word in spite of the persecutions. It was these Black Christians who were brought up practicing the Jewish faith, who spread Christianity to the Greeks.

6. Canaan (Low) Ham's youngest son. -----Genesis 9:1-29; 10:15-19; 12:5-6; 34:2-9; 34:16-21 Deut. 7:1 Joshua 9:7-16; 15:63 Judges 1:21; 3:5-6

Canaan was Ham's youngest son and Noah's grandson. He carried the curse that was inflicted on his father for looking at the nakedness of the drunken Noah. Regardless, he was the father of eleven nations, seven of which fell to the control of Israel. During the scattering from the tower of Babel, he alone didn't follow his three brothers to Africa; rather he journeyed in a southwesterly direction and dwelt in an area which today is called Palestine. When Canaan arrived the land was uninhabited. This made his offspring the rulers of the land. As time passed however, smaller tribes arrived and settled there. During Israel's invasion they showed minor resistance, but the major resistance came from the Canaanites, as they were larger in number and well established. They controlled large fortresses such as Ai and Jericho. Canaan may be the most talked-about Black in the Bible. The other Black tribes living in the country during the time of Israel's invasion were called the Amorites, Arkites, Arvadites, Girgasites, Hamathites, Hittites, Hivites, Jebusites, Sidonians, Sinites, and Zemarites. These Black tribes dwelt with the Israelites for centuries, and it is revealed in the Bible, through the geneology lists, that the Hebrews were the closest relatives of these tribes.

7. Dedan & Sheba (Cush's grandsons) ----- ----Genesis 10:7 1 Chron. 1:32 2 Chron. 21:16 1 Kings 10:10 Isaiah 21:13 Dedan & Sheba =================

Dedan was the son of Ramaah and a descendant of Noah through Ham. Sheba was a son of Joktan in the family of Noah's son Shem. Sheba was reputed to be the ancestor of the Sabaeans, wealthy traders from Southern Arabia who practiced a religious philosophy which included astronomy and astrology. These families dwelt near the lands inhabited by the offspring of Noah's son Shem, and practiced extensive intermarriage and mixed breeding with each others tribe. Sheba however eventually settled further south, prefering a hotter land and climate. This proved beneficial to his family as they became famous because of the spices which grew there, which they developed a trade monopoly on. This is what made the Queen of Sheba famous enough to command Solomon's attentions during his reign. They produced a son, Menelik I, who started the Ethiopian dynasty.

8. Aner (Song) ---Genesis 14:12-13; 24:1-67 ANER ------

Aner was on of three Amorite chieftans who signed a pact of mutual assistance with Abraham at Hebron. The other two brothers were named Eschol and Manre. The three brothers joined Abraham in rescuing Lot, who had been kidnapped by the "Kings of the East". After a stunning victory, the three brothers and Abraham divided amongst themselves the spoils of war which they seized after slaughtering their enemies.

9. Melchizidek ----------Genesis 14:18-20 Psalms 110:4 Hebrews 5: through 21: Melchizedec -------------

Melchizedek was the King of Salem, (the Old name for Jerusalem) and a High Priest of Jehovah. After Abraham defeated King Chedorlaomer and the other "Kings of the East", Melchizedek traveled out to honor him for his victory and gave the conquering hero his Priestly blessings and a ritual gift of Bread and Water. In return, Abraham gave him a tithe of one tenth of the spoils of battle. Melchizedek and Jesus Christ both share some interesting parallel facts in their lives. Both were Kings and High Priests of the Most High Lord God. Both Melchizedek and Christ seem to have regarded Bread and Water as a symbolic means with which to restore the soul. (See John 3:5; 6:35,48,58.) There isn't any record of Melchizedek's parents of his birth or death. Neither his name nor Christ's were inscribed on the books of the Priesthood of Aaron, nor were they from a Levite family, the hereditory "caste" from which all the Jewish priesthood came from. Melchizedek was Black, born, raised and lived among the descendants of Ham. Jesus Christ was of the family of David, with Black ancestors like Boaz and Solomon, and from his actions we can plainly see that he had a lot of Soul-power! Did you know that Jesus Christ once lived in Africa, when he was a young child? (See Matthew 2:13-15) "Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hand unto God." - Psalms 68:31

10. Ishmael (I have heard) ------Genesis 10:6; 16; 17; 21:10-18; 28:9; 36:3

1 Chron. 1:28-31 Ishmael ========= Ishmael was the son of Abraham and Hagar, Sarah's Black Egyptian servant girl. Ishmael was taken as an infant into the desert when his mother fled from Abraham's camp after hostility flared between Hagar and Sarah. God heard Hagar's cries for help and gave Ishmael his name which means, "I have heard". The Lord then ordered Hagar to return to Abraham's camp. There Ishmael was circumcised with the other males, and became Abraham's favorite son as he was the oldest of his offspring. Abraham loved the boy, and for many years taught and prepared him to rule and guide his people. However, when Isaac was born these plans were put aside in favor of the younger brother. This tormented Ishmael and he became so angry that he couldn't stop himself from quarreling with Sarah. The situation became worse when jealousy erupted between Hagar and Sarah. Though Abraham still loved them, in order to keep peace in his camp, he reluctantly asked Hagar and Ishmael to leave. For the second time, mother and son were driven into the desert. They were given a small supply of bread and water, which soon ran out. They were near Beersheba when Hagar prayed to to God saying, "Let me not witness the death of the boy". As she cried and lamented, she sat over Ishmael trying to shield him with her body from the sun's heat. Once again, the Lord intervened and saved them from death by thirst and exposure. God appeared to Hagar and promised her that He would make Ishmael a "Great Nation". Then He opened her eyes and she then noticed that they were only a short distance from a bubbling well in the desert. This well still is in existence and is known as "The Well of Zem-Zem",an anamatapoetical name that reflects the sounds made as the water bubbles up from the desert sands. Ishmael grew up to be a wild nomad as fortold by an Angel; "A man whose hand would be against every man, and every man's against his". He grew up into manhood in a land called Param and became famous as an archer. There he married an Egyptian girl who bore him twelve sons (Princes) and a daughter (a Princess). As the Lord promised, they indeed became a great nation. They became the ancestors of powerful tribes east of Arabistan. Two of his sons, Prince Kedemah and Prince Tema, journeyed north of Arabia and founded cities. Ishmael's only daughter, Princess Mahaloth, was married to Esau, who was the brother of Israel. When Abraham died, Ishmael returned to help his brother Isaac to bury their father.

11. Asshur (Assyria) son of Ham, grandson of Noah -----Genesis 10:11 Asshur ========

Asshur was a son of Ham, who founded the savage warrior tribe that built the city of Ninevah, that grew to become the State of Assyria, which was both hated and feared. * 12. Seba 1st son of Cush ---Genesis 10:7 1 Chron. 1:9 Seba ======

Seba was one of Noah's great-grandsons decended from Ham. He was the oldest son of Cush. His descendants once populated the area of AFRICA that lies south of Ethiopia.

13. Havilah 2nd son of Cush ------Genesis 10:7 1 Chron. 1:9 Havila ========

Havilah was a descendant of Noah, the second son of Ham's son Cush. The ancients recognized Havilah as the Patriarch of one of the Oldest Tribes on Earth.

14. Sabtah 3rd son of Cush -----Genesis 10:7 1 Chron. 1:9 Sabtah ========

Sabtah was the third son of Cush and Noah's great-grandson. He was the founder of an ancient race of desert-dwellers who lived along the Arabian peninsula.

15. Raamah 4th son of Cush -----Genesis 10:7 1 Chron. 1:9 Raamah ========

Raamah was one of Noah's great-grandsons. He was the head of an ancient clan which lived in the Arabian peninsula somewhere along the Persian Gulf. His descendants founded a town which became a famous business center on the Persian Gulf.

16. Sabteca 5th son of Cush ------Genesis 10:7 1 Chron. 1:9 Sabteca =========

Sabteca was the fifth son of Cush and Noah's great-grandson. He was also the founder of one of the oldest tribes of ancient man.

17. Lehabim 3rd son of Mizraim ------Genesis 10:13 1 Chron 1:11 Lehabim =========

Lehabim was Mizraim's third son. He was the ancestor of an ancient tribe related to the Egyptians. Some scholars think it may have been the Libyans.

18. Zidon (Rooted out) 1st son of Canaan ----Genesis 10:15-16 Deut. 1:4; 29:7-8 Joshua 13:8-28 Numbers 21: 1 Chron. 1:13 Zidon =======

Zidon was the oldest son of Canaan and Ham's grandson. He was the ancestor and founder of the people living along the coast of Phoenician coast, and the legendary founder of the oldest city in the area, called Sidon.

19. Heth 2nd son of Canaan ---Genesis 10:15; 23:7; 25:10 Heth ======

Heth was Canaan's second son. He was an ancient chieftain whose family-clan became known as the Hittites. These Hittites inhabited the Mountains of Judah. Later on they became enemies of Israel. Abraham had to deal with some of Heth's family when he bought the cave of Machpelah from one of them.

20. Hamor the Canaanite (Clay) ----Genesis 33:19; 34:1-31 Joshua 24:32 Judges 9:28 Hamor =======

Hamor was the head of a powerful Canaanite clan. He was a Hivite priest in Shechem, which was named after his son. He dealt fairly with Jacob when he sold him a plot of land. But their communication broke down, after his son Shechem had

unlawful knowledge with Jacob's daughter Dinah. Shechem sent Hamor to propose intermarriage between their tribe and the Israelites, but it was too late. Dinah's brothers Simon and Levi plotted revenge for their sistor's dishonor. They vengefully marched upon the city of Shechem and slaughtered Hamor, Shechem, and all the males of the tribe. * 21. Arad the Canaanite ---Numbers 21:1; 33:40 Arad ====== Arad was the chief of a Canaanite tribe that attacked the Israelites because some of Judah's tribe began to build settlements near him. He was defeated at the battle of Hormah.

22. Hoham the Canaanite -----Joshua 10:3 Hoham =======

Hoham was one of the original tribal chiefs in Canaan when Joshua and the Israelites invaded the land. Hoham was a ruler of the fierce Amorites at Hebron. Hoham persuaded four other chiefs to join him in ganging up on the tribe of Gidion, with whom Joshua had an alliance. Joshua came to Gidion's aid, smashed the oppressors and killed Hoham and the other four Kings in the cave at Makkedah.

23. Jobab the Canaanite ----Joshua 11:1 Jobab =======

Jobab was the head man of the city-state of Madon in Canaan at the time of Joshua's conquest. He was pulled into an alliance with most other Canaanite leaders to oppose Joshua. Jobab brought his troops to the meeting place by the waters of Merom and joined forces with the enormous number of troops there. Before the great army could move however, Joshua made a surprise move and attacked them destroying Jobab and the others.

24. Er Judah's oldest son -Genesis 38; 46:12 Numbers 26:19 1 Chron. 2:3

Er was Judah's oldest son by Shua's oldest daughter, the Canaanite girl. He married Tamar, but died because of some undescribed wickedness.

25. Shelah ------

Judah's youngest son

Genesis 38; 46:12 Numbers 26:20 1 Chron. 2:3; 4:21 Shelah ======== Shelah was Judah's youngest son by a Canaanite girl,the daughter of Shua. Judah had promised him in marriage to Tamar, who was the widow of both of Shelah's older brothers. However, Judah forgot his promise to Tamar, and Shelah married another and founded the clan known as Shelanites.

26. Shua the Canaanite ---Genesis 38:2-12 1 Chron. 2:3

Judah's father-in-law

Shua ====== Shua was Judah's Canaanite father-in-law. It is recorded in Genesis that Shua lived at Adullam. * 27. Sisera -----Judges 1 Sam. Psalms the Canaanite 4; 5: 12:9 83:9 Sisera ======== Sisera was a Canaanite warrior, who commanded the armies of Jabin and the other Canaanite kings which held the Israelites under their domination for twenty years. The prophetess Deborah finally motivated Barak to raise the troops necessary for a revolt. Sisera's forces were completely defeated. After hiding out as a fugative for a time, Sisera met a disgraceful death. His skull was crushed with a hammer blow, by a couragous Israelite woman named Jael.

28. Letushim and Leummim ----Genesis 25:3

sons of Dedan

Letushim and Leummim

====================== Letushim was one of the son's of Dedan. He was an ancient desert tribal chieftan. His brother was named Leummim. They were both Great-grandsons of Abraham, through Abraham's wife Keturah and an early clan shiek.

29. Hagar mother of Ishmael ----Genesis 16; 21; 25: Hagar =======

Hagar was Sarah's (Abraham's wife) Black Egyptian servant girl. She was sent to Abraham by Sarah to attempt to produce a son and heir because of her being infertile. Hagar became the mother of Abraham's son Ishmael. The two women were consequently jealous of each other. Hagar's insults to Sarah and the harsh treatment that Sarah inflicted upon Hagar caused Hagar to take the child and run away into the desert temporarily. A few years later, God's promise to Abraham was unexpectedly fulfilled and the aged Sarah gave birth to Isaac. The resulting attitude which Sarah had towards Hagar was enough to cause Hagar to flee permenantly with her young son Ishmael, then about thirteen years old. For the second time, God took a personal interest and saved both mother and child's lives from certain death by thirst and exposure in the desert.

30. Adbeel 3rd son of Ishmael -----Genesis 25:13 1 Chron. 1:29 Adbeel ========

Adbeel was Ishmael's third son. His name is one of those mentioned in the Bible's geneology list of Abraham's descendants.

31. Massa son of Ishmael ----Genesis 25:14 1 Chron. 1:30 Massa =======

Massa was one of Ishmael's sons. He was the ancient ancestor of the of the Edomite tribe and the head of an early Ishmaelite clan.

32. Mibsam ------

son of Ishmael

Genesis 25:13 1 Chron. 1:29 Mibsam ======== Mibsam was one of Ishmael's sons. He was an ancient chieftain of an Ishmaelite desert clan. He is noted in the list of Abrahams descendants.

33. Mishma son of Ishmael -----Genesis 25:14 1 Chron. 1:30 Mishma ========

Mishma was one of Ishmael's sons. He was an ancient desert sheik related to the Israelites. He was probabaly the ancestor of a now-forgotten clan of desert nomads.

34. Naphish son of Ishmael ------Genesis 25:15 1 Chron. 1:31 Naphish =========

Naphish was one of Ishmael's sons. He was on obscure desert chieftain whose descendants were a tribe known as the Nephusim, Nephisheshim, or the Nephushesim.

35. Obil the Ishmaelite ---1 Chron. 27:30

in charge of David's camels

Obil ====== Obil is mentioned in the Bible as being responsible for the care and feeding of King David's herd of camels. As camels were the only method of desert travel; King David made the logical choice of an Ishmaelite desert-nomad to oversee his royal camel-herd.

36. Abimelech of Girar (Father of Kings) --------Genesis 10:13; 20:1-18 1 Chron. 1:12 Abimelech

=========== Abimelech was the Philistine King of Gerar during the time of Abraham. He was so moved over Sarah's (Abraham's wife) beauty, that he took her for his haram. For Abraham had lied to him, and told him that Sarah was his sister. However, God appeared in a dream to Abimelech, and warned him that in reality Sarah was Abraham's wife, and the unholyness of the situation was the cause of a cursed condition which manifested as temporary sterility among his people and flocks of animals. Abimelech was a God-fearing man, and knowing that he had not touched Sarah, and merely desired to appreciate her beauty, he begged God's forgiveness and promised to set her free. He also vowed that she would be given cattle, servants, land to dwell on and a large purse of silver. She was also given the silver to purchase herself a face-veil. (The custom in Gerar for married women.) He kept his promise to God and was spared, but he was indignant at Abraham for deceiving him; so he also asked Abraham to depart. Later on, after a squabble over a well, Abraham and Abimelech made a treaty at Beersheba. There is a variation of the same story that has Abraham's son Isaac going through the exactly the same situations with Abimelech.

37. Ephron (Dust) -----Genesis 10:15; 23:7-20; 25:9-10 29; 30; 49:31-33; 50:13 Ephron ========

Ephron was a Hittite, the son of Zohar. He was a descendant of Ham's fourth son, Canaan and dwelt among the children of Heth. He was a landowner in Palestine it at time of Abraham's journey from Ur. When Sarah (Abraham's wife) died, Ephron showed Abraham the courtesy of selling him a plot of land which contained a cave that became their family burial plot. The name of the place was called Machpelah and the cost was recorded as being four-hundred shekels of silver. It is located near Hebron. Abraham buried Sarah in the cave and later was himself interned there by his sons Isaac and Ishmael who reunited long enough to mourn their father.

38. Zipporah (Beauty) Moses's wife. -------Exodus 2:21-22; 4:25-26; 18:2-4 Numbers 12:1 Jeramiah 13:23 Zipporah ==========

Zipporah was an Ethiopian woman, the daughter of a priest of Midian called Jethro, but also known as Hobab or Reuel. He was also the chief of a clan known as Kenites, part of a tribe called Midianites, desert nomads of the northern Sinai peninsula. Zipporah met Moses during his exile from Egypt,a fugative from a murder charge. She went with her seven sisters to draw water for their father's flock but they were harrassed by herdsmen.

Moses was kind to the women, drove off the bullies, and helped the girls perform further chores. Their father was so impressed with Moses's good manners that he demonstrated his regard for the young hero by giving him Zipporah for a wife. She bore Moses two sons, named Gershom and Eliezar. The marriage lasted but there were some harsh disagreements between them. One of the conflicts can be attributed to the ritual practice of circumsizing their sons. Zipporah was not ready for this, as it was not a custom among her people, and seemed to her to be a barbarous act. Eventually, Moses managed to persuade her that this was an important religious ceremony relating to God's covenant, and she introduced the practice to her tribe.

39. Gershom & Eliezer 1st & 2nd sons of Moses ------- ------Exodus 2:21-22; 4:25; 18:2-4 Judges 18:30 1 Chron. 23:14-17; 24:20; 26:24-25 Habekkuk 3:7 Gershom and Eleizar =====================

Gershom and Eleizar were the sons of Moses and Zipporah the Cushite. They were born in Midian during their father's fourty-year refuge from Egypt. Moses named Eleizar (means God is help) in thanksgiving for his deliverance from the wrath of Pharoah. When Moses returned to Egypt to free his enslaved people, his sons did not follow him, but remained in Arabia with their mother and grandfather. They later joined their father after the Exodus from Egypt. * Shebuel =========

Shebuel was the son of Gershom and the Grandson of Moses. He was the chieftan of his branch of the tribe. He also held the important position of the administrator of the funds of the treasury.

40. Og (Giant) -Genesis 10:16 Numbers 21:33-35; 32:33 Deut.1:4; 3:1-13; 4:47; 29:7; 31:4 Joshua 2:10; 9:10; 12:4; 13:12-31 1 Kings 4:19 Nehemiah 9:22 Psalms 135:11; 136:20 Og ====

Og was a mighty king and a physical giant who ruled the territory of Bashan. This land was located in the Trans-Jordan area and had two major fortifications, the cities of Edrei and Ashtaroth. King Og never expected that a nation that he considered "insignificant" like Israel could ever defeat him. So when he prepared for battle at his chief city of Edrei, he expected to be victorious, but instead was totally defeated!

Og's defeat became a major part of Israel's early history as the victory was attributed to the direct intervention of God. The captured territories, were separated among the tribes of Israel. The kingdom of Og itself was assigned to the triba of Manasseh. Og's enormous bed, (See Deut. 3:11) amazed Moses. It's length was about thirteen feet and it was over six feet wide and made of iron.(It was probably a sarcophagus) This giant's bed was for many years a curiosity that people would travel quite far to see.

41. Rahab (Proud) ----Genesis 9:18 Joshua 2:1; 6:1; 6:17; 6:23-25 1 Chron. 2:11-13 Ruth 4:21 Matt. 1:5 James 2:25 Hebrews 11:31 Rahab =======

Rahab was a Black woman from the Canaanite city of Jericho. Jericho was a city of Canaanites, however it was surrounded by famous Hamite cities such as Jerusalem, Beeroth and Gibeon. Although originally a harlot, she overcame this lifestyle and is remembered as one of ancient Israel's greatest heroines. Also her name is found on the list of Jesus's ancestors in Matthew 1:5. When Joshua sent two spies into Jericho, Rahab hid them on her roof, under a pile of stalks of flax. She had heard about the Jews and how their God had rescued them from slavery in Egypt and conquered their enemies in Canaan. Rahab also knew that her people couldn't withstand the Israelite's superior strength, so she hid Joshua's men in order to bargain with them in order that she might save herself and her family. It is possible that the Canaanites looked down at Rahab because of her profession. So she evidently bore no great love for the people of Canaan. Rahab pleaded with them to spare her life and the lives of her kin. Because of her courtesy, the men readily agreed. So Rahab concealed Joshua's spies until their mission was completed then she lowered them from her window by means of a scarlet cord. She then advised them to hide in the mountains for three days in order to avoid their pursuers. However, before they departed, they cautioned her against betraying them, and promised that if she reported their business to the King, that her and her family would certainly be killed. They also told her that upon their return she should remain in her quarters with the scarlet cord left hanging from the window as a sign and no harm would befall her and her family. When the two spies returned to camp and informed Joshua of all that had transpired, Joshua immediately instructed his people how to overthrow the city of Jericho. For God had instructed Joshua as to the manner in which to take the city without losing any troops. The Lord had instructed Joshua to march his men around the walls of Jericho six times each day for six days; then on the seventh day he was to circumnambulate the city seven time with the sounds of trumpets and a loud shout! When Joshua did as he was told, the walls of Jericho tumbled down and the Israelite troops made short work of them, slaughtering every one of them except Rahab and a few of her kinsmen. Rahab lived for the rest of her life among the Israelites, and she married a Jew by the name of Salmon, who fathered her child named Boaz, who

in turn married Ruth and became an ancestor of King David and Jesus Christ.

42. Adoni-zedec (Lord of Justice) ----------Joshua 10:1-27 Adonaizedek =============

Adonaizedek was the king of Jerusalem during the time of Joshua's invasion of The Promised Land. When the cities of Ai and Jericho were taken over by Israel, Gibeon, a city of Hivites, betrayed Adonaizedek by taking the side of Joshua. This angered Adonaizedek, so he planned vengence upon the Gibeonites and formed a federation with four Amorite kings in order to destroy Gibeon. Gibeon knew they were outnumbered and about to be annihilated, so they asked Joshua to help them. The battle took place near Makkedah, and Joshua brilliantly defeated them. The combined forces of Israel and Gibean slew the enemy by the thousands. And as if this wasn't enough, God cast down "great stones from heaven" upon them which killed more of them than Joshua's troops slew with their swords. (Former) King Adonaizedek and the four Amorite kings were terrified and fled, hiding themselves in a cave at Makkedah. They were subsequently apprehended and executed.

43. Japhia (Splendor) -----Genesis 10:16 Joshua 10:3-27 Japhia ========

Japhia was the Amorite king of the city-state of Israel's invasion of Canaan. He joined four other attack against the Gibeonites. Joshua, who had signed an agreement promising if they were attacked, caught the Amorites completely series of night marches and brilliant maneuvers. Japhia and the four other Amorite rulers were where they were hiding after their defeat and swiftly

of Lachish at the time Amorite kings in their aid to the Gibeonites by surprise during a dragged from the cave executed.

44. Piram (Fleet) ----Genesis 10:16 Joshua 10:3-27 Piram =======

Piram was the Amorite king of the city-state of Jarmuth in Canaan. He allowed himself to get pulled into an alliance against the Gibeonites with four other Amorite kings. Their alliance was short-lived as they all suffered a resounding defeat at the hands of Joshua and his forces.

Piram and the other four kings hid in a cave at Makkedah after the defeat. He and his four allies were slain by Joshua and their bodies were hanged as an example of God's justice. Later they were buried in the same cave that served as their hide-out.

45. Adoni-bezek (Lord of Bezek) ----------Judges 1:3-7 Adonibezek ============

Adonibezek was the chief of a Canaanite tribe in southern Palestine. His kingdom was centered in a city called Bezek. He conquered many small kingdoms and frequently boasted of having chopped off the thumbs and big toes of the seventy-odd kings that he had defeated and captured. He also forced his captives to eat their food under his table. Eventually the tribes of Judah and Simeon went to war against the tribes of Bezek and Perizzite, and Adonibezek was defeated and captured by Judah. Because his boasting of his inhumane acts terrorized the people, it was decided that he should be made to undergo the same treatment he took so much pleasure in dealing to others. So Judah publicly tortured, mutilated and humiliated the defeated king, much to the delight of the surviving relatives and friends of his victims. Adonibezek announced during his captivity, "As I have done, so God hath requited me." He died from his wounds in Jerusalem.

46. Cushan-rishathaim (Blackness) ----------------Genesis 10:6-15 Judges 3:7-10 Habekkuk 3:7 Cushan-Rishathaim ===================

Cushan-Rishathaim was a powerful desert king of Mesopatamia. He forced the tribes of Israel to pay him tribute for eight years, during the days of the judges, after the conquest of Canaan. This impressive commander was a Hittite, and a descendant of Canaan. Cushan was guided by Jehovah to overrun Israel because of her transgressions. His victory and iron-grip was interpreted as God's punishment because of Israel's unfaithfulness to the Lord. He governed Israel for eight years before he was dispossessed by Caleb's nephew who was named Othniel.

47. Abimelek of Shechem ------------------Genesis 10:17 Judges 8:31; 9:1 Samuel 11:21 Abimelek of Shechem =====================

Abimelek the son of Gideon was listed as one of the judges of Israel. He was of mixed blood; his mother was a Hivite, and his father was a ruler in Israel who sired seventy-one male offspring. When Abimelek's father, Gideon died, he and his mother plotted the murders of all his half-brothers. He gained his position of rulership by the execution of sixty-nine of his half-brothers except Jotham who escaped. This made him almost the sole male heir to the throne. He further suppressed the people from revolting by commanding his army to kill anyone and everyone who showed the slightest resistance or dislike of his brutality. Almost all of the people of Shechem were killed, many for trivial reasons, or on invented trumped-up charges. God was displeased with Abimelek's devious ways, so He sent an evil spirit to come between the ruler and his people. Every day his influence with the people grew weaker and weaker. There arose much rivalry to his throne, but naturally the people who had managed to survive this long could show little resistance to the king's armed death-squads. Then one day, as Abimelek attempted to capture a tower, an unknown woman dropped a heavy millstone from a tower window, which landed upon his head, crushing his skull, and mortally wounded him. Abimelek knew that he would soon die, so he commanded his armor-bearer to kill him with a thrust of his sword so that it would not be said later that the king was slain by a woman.

48. Delilah (Poor) ------Judges 16:4-20 1 Chron. 1:8-12 Delilah =========

Delilah was a Philistine woman who lived in the valley of Sorek. She used her glamorous beauty and feminine wiles to charm Samson into revealing the secret of his great strength. She was a Black woman from the blood line of Mizraim, who also was an ancestor of the Philistines. She was approached by the Lords of Philistine and asked many times to discover the secret of Samson's great strength. They promised her eleven hundred pieces of silver if she could make Samson reveal the means by which he maintained his super-human power. Delilah went to Samson and begged him to tell her his great secret, but Samson tricked her several times before he finally confessed that he had made a Nazirite vow never to cut his hair. She wasted no time in betraying him,and immediately went to the Lords of Philistine and informed them of what Samson had told her. So while they waited in her outer chamber, she managed to give him a sleeping potion, and when he passed into unconsciousness, they shaved all the hair from his head. This reduced him to the strength of a common man, and the Philistines took full advantage of the fact and made him a prisoner and blinded him. But he begged God's forgiveness for breaking his vow, and the Lord returned his power to him and he pulled down the palace roof killing all the Philistine rulers.

49. Boaz (Lovely) ---1 Chron. 2:11-12

Ruth 4:1-22 Boaz ====== Boaz was a half-blooded resident of Bethleham whose mother was a descendant of Ham, and whose father came from the Hebrew stock. He was a member of the tribe of Judah. He was a well-to-do landowner who who made money from the grain business. One day as he surveyed his grain fields, he saw a beautiful Moabitess named Ruth gleaning the grain the threshers had missed. He was taken with her beauty and showed consideration and kindness to her, giving her special privileges beyond that which he was required to show to a gleaner. (the poor, widows etc. were legally allowed to take the grain that the field-hands had missed.) Boaz soon married Ruth and she bore him a son named Obed, who in turn became the grandfather of King David. The story of Boaz's kindness and Ruth's loyalty is the plot of the Book of Ruth in the Bible.

50. Obed son of Ruth & Boaz & David's grandfather ---1 Chron. 2:12 Matt. 1:5 Luke 3:32 Obed ======

Obed was the grandfather of King David, and was born to Ruth and Boaz near Bethleham. He was cared for by Naiomi, Ruth's mother-in-law by her first marriage. He is fondly remembered as the father of Jesse, (King David's father) and and ancestor of Jesus Christ.

51. Jessie father of King David - grandson of Ruth & Boaz -----Ruth 4:17-22 1 Sam. 16; 17; 20; 22; 25 2 Sam. 20:1; 23:1 1 Kings 12:16 1 Chron. 2:12-13 10:14; 12:18 29:26 2 Chron. 10:16; 11:18 Isaiah 11:1-10 Jessie ========

Jessie was the grandson of Ruth and Boaz. He is most well remembered as the father of the great King David. Jessie was the father of eight sons. He was a prominent man, even a leader, of his people at Bethleham. During the days when David was an outlaw, Jessie and his wife were sent to Moab for their safety. He was an elderly man at the time, and most probably did not live long enough to see his youngest son crowned as the king of the united monarchy. In King David's day, the term, "son of Jessie" was used contemptuously

to call attention to David's humble origins. But in time, it became used as a synonymous reference to the expected Messiah. Jesus's lineage is sometimes refered to as the "tree of Jessie".

52. Goliath (Splendor) ------Genesis 10:6-14 1 Chron. 1:8-12 1 Sam. 17:1; 21:9; 22:10 Goliath =========

Goliath was the giant warrior of the Philistine armies. He was from Gath and stood ten and one-half feet tall and the spear he carried weighed almost thirty pounds. On day Goliath and the Philistines stumbled upon some Israelites at Ephes-Dammins. They camped each upon an opposing mountain divided by a valley. Each morning Goliath came forth and boasted about his superior strength and repeatedly challenging the Israelites to man-to-man combat, and taunting them for not accepting his dares. This went on each morning for fourty days, until finally on the fateful day, a Bethlehamite stepped forward and answered the challenge. When Goliath saw that his want-to-be opponent was only a child, he was amused and felt that it was ridiculous to send a boy to face a warrior of his gigantic stature. Then he threatened David with a vow to feed his flesh to the birds of the air and the beasts of the field. When the hour appointed for the showdown arrived, young David ran towards the giant, whirling a slingshot that hurled stones. This and his faith in God were his only weapons against the armored giant. When David was near Goliath, he let loose of the sling, impelling the projectile, which struck the giant square in his forehead, which was unprotected by his helmet, knocking him into an unconscious state. Then young David, took the prostrate giant's sword, and cut off his head and proudly held it high for everyone to see. This struck terror into the hearts of the Phillistines to a man, and they all turned tail and fled.

53. Ahimelech --------Genesis 10:6-15 1 Sam. 26:6-7 Ahimelech ===========

Ahimelech was a Hittite, a descendant of Canaan. He was a fighter, who joined David's guerrilla forces during his conflict with King Saul. One evening, Ahimelech and Abishai were approached by young David concerning a plan of intrigue about entering Saul's camp while the King lie sleeping. Abishai was in favor of this plan, while Ahimelech, who was well aware of King Saul's strength, stood in opposition to it. He chose to remain and not journey to Saul's camp with David and Abishai.

54. Uriah (Jehova is light) ----2 Sam. 11:14-27 1 Kings 15:5 1 Chron. 11:41 Uriah =======

Uriah was a Hittite living in Jerusalem as one of King David's captains in his army. He was an upright, loyal soldier, and such an outstanding warrior that he was named to "The Thirty", David's elite troop. He was not a Hebrew, but still a worshipper of Jehovah, as can be confirmed by his name. He was a descendant of Canaan's second son Heth, whose name is interpreted as "Hittite". Uriah was treacherously killed on David's orders so that the king could possess Uriah's beautiful Black wife, named Bathsheba. He was stationed at Rabbath with his superior officer, fighting the Ammonites, while Bathsheba remained in Jerusalem. One day as Bathsheba took her bath, King David observed her from his rooftop and commanded her presence. When she appeared before him, he seduced her, and she conceived a child by him. David knew that Uhiah was lawfully her husband, and felt guilty about his actions. So he called Uriah back from the battle and questioned him about Joab (his superior) and their situation. Soon he sent him back to the battle at Rabbath with a sealed letter for Joab which commanded: "Put Uriah on the front lines of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him that he may be smitten and die." The next day, Uriah fell dead by David's order. This faithful soldier fought many battles for his king, and he always obeyed orders without any question or hesitation. However, his beautiful wife Bathsheba, and David's love for her, caused his untimely death.

55. Bathsheba (Daughter of the Oath) --------2 Sam. 11:3; 12:24 1 Kings 1 - 2: Psalm 51 (Title) Bathsheba ===========

Bathsheba was the adulterous wife of Uriah, one of David's captains in his army, and a member of "The Thirty", David's elite troop. She had an affair with King David, which unsettled David's mind so much, that even though he was normally a pious man, he treacherously arranged her husband's death in order to possess her. After her marriage to David, she manipulated the situation in order to gain prominence for herself and her child by David, Solomon. She even was able to influence the king to name Solomon as his successor.

56. Araunah (Ark) -------

Genesis 10:6-15 2 Sam. 24:18-24 1 Chron. 21: 2 Chron. 3:1 Araunah ========= Araunah was a Jebusite, a Black man from the lineage of Ham. He is sometimes called "Ornah". Araunah was a land-owner who sold King David the threshing floor which stood on Mount Moriah. This became the site of the Temple in Jerusamel. David paid Araunah fifty shekels of silver. When the plague that threatened to decimate Israel's population ended suddenly, the prophet Gad instructed King David to erect an altar on Araunah's threshing floor. This was done according to the prophet's instructions to help David have a better relationship with God, after suffering God's wrath in the form of pestilence for his murdering Uriah in order to possess his wife, Bathsheba. This altar eventually became the center of religious worship for the entire nation. Even to this present day, the site, known as "The Dome of the Rock" is considered a very holy place to three religions, Christians, Jews, and the Islamic faith.

57. Solomon (Peaceful) ------Genesis 10:15 2 Sam. 5:14; 12:10-24 1 Kings 1:37-39; 3:5-13; 4:32-34; 11:1; 21:7; 23:13; 24:13; 25:16 2 Chron. 1:13; 2:1; 30:26; 33:7; 35:34 Song of Solomon Nehamiah 12:45; 13:26 Jeremiah 52:20 Matt. 1:6-7 Solomon =========

Solomon was David's tenth son and the successor to his throne. His mother was Bathsheba, the beautiful Black Hittite woman who was a descendant of Ham's forth son, Canaan. Solomon principally came to power because of the intrigues of his mother when King David was in his dotage, and perhaps approaching senility. Nathan the prophet annointed Solomon king at Gihon, at the request of King David when he was stricken and on his deathbed. Immediately after he was consecrated King of Judah, he had Adonijah, his rebellious older brother executed. Adonijah was David's forth son, and stood ahead of Solomon in line to inherit the throne. He was involved in schemes to have himself crowned king, but was blocked in this by Nathan the prophet. After Nathan annointed Solomon king, Adonijah swore loyalty to his brother, but Solomon became alarmed at Adonijah's bold and somewhat treasonous request to marry David's nurse, Abishag, and this proved too much, and he was quickly executed. Next, Solomon settled two old scores of his father's by executing two men, Shimei and Joab. During Absalom's rebellion, Shimei publicly insulted King David and stirred up trouble against him. He feigned deep regret and was spared his life, but put on probation. David warned Solomon from his

deathbed about Shimei, who soon broke the terms of his parole and was quickly executed. Joab was David's nephew and a ruthless professional soldier who became the commander-in-chief of David's armies. He was unquestioningly obedient, even to the point of being an accessory to David's crime of murdering Uriah. Later, he firmly put down Absolom's revolt, but disobeyed David's order against the killing of Absolom. This alone did not cost him his life, because he was a valuable man who was quite usful to David's need to put down rebellions. However he made the fatal mistake of backing the wrong man, Adonijah, when David was on his deathbed and Solomon would not tolerate any thing of the kind, and had him executed. Solomon rose to power when Israel was an empire, with the same kind of desire to serve the Lord as his father, David had. When God appeared to him in a dream and said, "Ask what I shall give thee", the young king asked that the Lord give him an understanding heart to judge his people so that he could be able to differentiate between good and evil. This choice by Solomon, instead of wealth or power, prompted God to bless him well beyond his expectations. Solomon was blessed with riches as well as wisdom. As the years went by, Israel became a powerful nation and enjoyed a cultural Golden Age under Solomon's devinely inspired wisdom. Solomon took a decidedly modern, worldly approach to his system of running a government. He introduced a system of forced labor gangs, furnishing manpower with which to build many ambitious archetectural projects. He started a series of copper mines, and organized a program much along the lines of what would now be called "Urban Renewal", increasing dramatically the number of houses, temples, and palaces throughout the Israelite empire. He broke down the old system of of tribalistic rule, and replaced it with a modern system of well-organized administrative districts. He maintained an immense standing army, and ruthlessly surpressed all revolts. This was one major reason that the Israelite kingdom gained respect as a world power during his reign as king. He also expanded his empire's influence in foreign lands by cultivating marriages with many strange and exotic women. Solomon was famous for his wisdom, and people flocked from far and wide to see him and ask questions. The Book of Proverbs is accredited to him. He was known for his excellence regarding many diverse subjects, especially on literature, science and scientific thought, and of course political strategy and policy making. He was also an authority on the natural sciences, such as the natures of flora and fauna such as trees and plants, animals, birds and even fish. This ruler was also a commercial wizard who knew how to take advantage of both weak and strong countries in order to improve his own economy. The Israelite empire stood powerful, second to none, until the death of Solomon, but never again did it experience to rival the excellence of the Solomonic period. The great Temple at Jerusalem was only one of his ambitious building projects. To finance all this opulent archetecture, Solomon taxed his people so oppressively that the nation was bubbling with revolts during his final days as ruler.

58. Rehoboam -------1 Kings 12:1-23; 14:21-31; 15:24; 22:50 1 Chron. 3:10 2 Chron. 9:31; 12:1-16 Joshua 2:1; 6:1 Ruth 4:21-22 Matt. 1:5-8

Rehoboam ========== Rehoboam was the second Kong of Judah, and the stubborn and arrogant son of Solomon. He succeded Solomon as king of the nation in 937 B.C. He was crowned king in Shechem before all of Israel. Early in his reign he was confronted by his father's old rival named Jeroboam, who returned from exile in Egypt after Solomon's death. Jeroboam pleaded with Rehoboam to relieve some of the excessive taxes and forced labor which Solomon used to support his building programs and his taste for luxurious living. Rehoboam first consulted with his father's old advisors, and they told him to speak good words to his people, like his father would, and then they would gladly serve him. But Rehoboam rejected their advice and instead sought the council of the friends he had grown up with. His boyhood friends advised him to show the people no mercy, and he decided to listen to them instead of his father's wise councilers. Three days later he addressed the congregation in the temple, speaking harshly to them, saying: "My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. And now whereas my father lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions." - 1 Kings 12:10-11 When the people heard these words they became disapointed with Rehoboam and rebelled against his rule, thus causing his empire to split in two. While Rehoboam ruled Judah, his rival Jeroboam became the King of Israel, and there were wars between them, even unto all of their days. And Rehoboam was forced to retire to Jerusalem. Because of his humiliation, he intended to march his armys against the ten rebellous tribes, but was prevented from doing so by the dire warnings of the prophet Shemaiah, and the invasion of Jerusalem by the Pharoah Shishak. Rehoboam reigned for seventeen years, and was punished for his sins by the wrath of God delivered upon Jerusalem by the hand of the Pharoah. Also Rehoboam was further humiliated because he had to empty the Temple treasury in order to buy off the Pharoah and stay his hand. In the eighteenth year of his reign, Rehoboam died and was succeeded by his son named Abijam. And Abijam begat Asa. And Asa begat Jehoshaphat, and Jehoshephat begat Jehoram. All these Black royal kings can trace their lineage back as far as Rahab the Canaanite.

59. Hiram of Tyre (Noble) ----Genesis 10:15 1 Kings 5:1-18; 11:1 2 Sam. 5:11; 9:11-27; 10:11-22 1 Chron.14:1; 22:4 2 Chron. 2:13; 8:2-18; 9:10-21 Hiram of Tyre ===============

Hiram was the wealthy and powerful King of Tyre (or Phoenicia), and the good friend of King David. King Hiram was a Black Zidonian descendant of Canaan's firstborn son Zidon. King Hiram provided many skilled workmen, and large quanities of Cedar

planking used in building the Temple in Jerusalem. Tyre was known for its professional craftsmen and its commercial monopoly over the Lebanese lumber supply. In return for these workmen and supplies, Solomon sent Hiram great quantities of grain, such as wheat and barley, and much wine and oil. Hiram was a successful business man, as well as a great king. The two Kings, Solomon and Hiram, joined together on a highly profitable shipping venture. The alliance called for Phoenician navel vessels to be manned by the Jewish sailors, under Phoenician officers. This proved to benefit both of the countries to great commercial advantage. Hiram and Solomon reaped great fortunes in oriental and African goods such as gold, silver, ivory, and exotic animal livestock such as orang-utans and peacocks. Hiram was one of Phoenica's smartest kings. He even managed to see that a royal marriage took place between his daughter and King Solomon, thus securing even better relations between their two empires. He showed great proficiency in international diplomacy, as well as capitalizing on the trade routes along the Mediterranean coast. Hiram was a great builder as well as an effective ruler. He managed to fortify and beautify Tyre, as well as mount campaigns against Cyprus, one of his provinces that was in a state of unrest. He also sent another Hiram (no relation to him) to King Solomon; this was the creative genius who cast all the brasswork for the Temple, as well as working with metals, wood, stonemasonry, precious and semi-precious stones and fabrics. (See 1 Kings Chapter 7.) He is traditionally called Hiram Abiff.

60. Hadad-1 son of Ishmael ------Genesis 25:15 1 Chron. 1:30 Hadad-1 =========

Hadad-1 was a son of Ishmael, and one of the grandsons of Abraham. He is listed in the genealogies of the family of Abraham. Hadad-2 son of Bedad ------Genesis 36:35 1 Chron. 1:46 * Hadad-2 =========

Hadad-2 was a powerful desert-king of Edom. His father was Bedad and he was from a city called Avith. He is famous for his victory over the Midionites. He won this battle which has been all but forgotton, in Moab. Hadad-3 (King of Pai) ------Genesis 36:39 1 Chron. 1:50-51 * Hadad-3 =========

Hadad-3 was another Edomite king. In Genesis 36:39, he is refered to as Hadar. He ruled the city of Pai with his wife, Queen Mehetabel. * Hadad-4 (Egyptian) ------1 Kings 11:14-22 Hadad-4 ========= Hadad-4 was a young Edomite prince who was exiled to Egypt to escape the bloodbath when Joab killed most of the Edomite royal family, during King David's invasion of Edom. While in Egypt, he was adopted into the royal family, and given the Pharoah's sister-in-law to marry. She bore him a son, who was raised among the sons of the Pharoah. After David died, and Joab was executed by Solomon, he returned to Edom and made a habit of annoying Solomon by raiding Israel from his mountain strongholds. The royal family of Edom were Blacks who trace their lineage from a faimly of royal dukes as described in Genesis 36:15-19. Their ancestor was Jacob's brother Esau, who married three Black woman named, Judith, Bashemath, and Mahalath. These woman were considered the mothers of the Edomite race. The word Edom is interpreted as a form of the name "Esau" the forefather of their tribe.

61. Ethball father of Jezebel ------1 Kings 16:31 1 Chron. 1:8-13 Ethball =========

King Ethball was Jezebel's father. He was king of Tyre and Zidon, and the High Priest of Astarte. He was a Black Zidonian, one of the descendants of Ham's forth son, Canaan. His position was like that of an evil Pope, and he used that position to execute his brother Pheles, who was the king before him. This allowed him to assume the throne, as was the next phase of his scheme to gain more power. He ruled Zidon for over thirty years, partly under the influence of his daughter, Jezebel. It was Jezebel who persuaded him to have Baal recognized as the national god. Jezebel took this form of paganism with her when she married King Ahab and brought about the corruption of Israel.

62. Jezebel ------Genesis 10:6-15 1 Kings 16:31; 18:4-19; 19:1-2; 21:5-21 2 Kings 9:7-37 1 Chron. 1:13 Jezebel =========

Jezebel was a beautiful Black woman from Tyre of the Phoenicians (or Zidonians). She was also notoriously evil and the wife of King Ahab of Israel. Jezebel was the daughter of King Ethball of Tyre, and an ardent worshipper of Baal (or Moloch). She was Queen of Zidon during her father's reign as high priest and king. She was persuasive and very energetic, especially when she wanted things to go her way. When a proposal of marriage came from King Ahab of Israel, she accepted it, and became his wife and Queen of Israel. This also allowed her to import the Baal cult of paganism into Israel, where she tried to force it on the people of Jehovah. Her new position as Queen of Israel allowed her to command excessive power throughout the land. She wielded some of heaviest influence that Israel had ever seen. King Ahab built her an elaborate shrine or temple, which employed over eight hundred priests of Ball to conduct their idolatrous pagan rites. This had the effect of turning Israel from monothestic Judiasm, to a more primative and debauched form of religion. This caused a moral pollution of the people, and many God-sent prophets were murdered. Worshippers of Baal (or Moloch) caused the Jews to violate the Mosaic laws against idolotry and dietary restrictions, such as boiling baby goats in their mother's milk. The prophet Elijah, and other worshippers of the One-God Jehovah, forced a show-down on Mount Carmel, and they won, but it was only a temporary victory. Jezebal was furious and vengeful, so Elijah was forced to flee for his life. Jezebel's ruthlessness was legendary. When Ahab desired to possess a vineyard owned by Naboth, Jezebel managed to have Naboth murdered, then the property was given to Ahab. Elijah prophesised that God's wrath would bring Ahab and his family to a swift and certain downfall. Indeed Ahab died in battle, but Jezebel had managed to rule for another ten years through her two sons, Ahaziah and Jehoram, who were both kings of Israel. However, the people had seen that Jehovah was indeed the true God of might and power, and that Baal was a lifeless idol, created by a corrupt group of priests and idolaters. So Jezebel lost her influence over the people. The final blow to her power structure came when Jehu led a revolt which removed Jehoram from the throne. Then Jezebel's own servants hurled her alive from her palace window. They were eunuchs, who chose to support Jehu, who had already won the battle. Her body was left in the street, while Jehu, his men, the eunuchs and the overjoyed people held a banquet in celebration of the victory. When Jehu's men ruturned to bury her body, as leaving it in the street would have been an abomination, they were surprised to find that the dogs in the street had already devoured most of her body, leaving nothing to be found except her skull, the palms of her hands, and the soles of her feet. Thus ends the story of this evil woman whose satanic activities and idolatry plagued Israel for over fourty years.

63. Athaliah daughter of Jezebel -------1 Kings 16:28-30 2 Kings 8:18-26; 11:1-46; 2 Chron. 22:2-3 to 24:7 Athaliah ========== Athaliah was the daughter of Jezebal. She inherited her mother's

cruelty and ruthlessness. Her father was King Ahab of Israel. She married Jehoram, king of Judah, and she bore a son to him, whose name was Ahaziah. It was she who reintroduced the worship of Baal to Judah. After Jehoram died, her son Ahaziah ruled Judah under her evil council, just as Ahab had ruled Israel under the evil influence of Jezebel. She even had managed to have parts of the Temple at Jerusalem dismantled in order to build a shrine to Baal. Ahaziah died by the hand of Jehu during his revolt, and when she heard of his death, she immediately turned Judah into a police-state and ordered the murders of all her grandchildren, so that she could possess the sole rulership and Ahaziah's throne. But one grandchild escaped, and his name was Joash. Athaliah ruled Judah for more than six years before she knew of the existance of Joash, the true heir to the throne, who had been raised in secret. When the people of Judah realized that an heir still lived, they sought to have him for their king. But it took a carefully planned coup, by the High Priest, Jehoiada, to crown Joash King, and bring about her execution. She was heard to exclaim on the day of her death, "Treason, Treason!", but was executed the very same day.

64. Mattan (Gift) priest of Baal -----2 Kings 11:18 2 Chron. 23:17 Mattan ========

Mattan was one of the priests of the cult of Baal (or Moloch) that was imported to Jerusalem by Jezebel's daughter, Queen Athaliah. This priest was in all probability a native of Tyre (Phoenicia). Mattan was butchered before the altars of Baal, after the people tore their pagan shrine down and destroyed all vestiges of the idolatry. This was done following the coup by High Priest Jehoiada which excuted the evil Queen Athaliah and crowned the true heir to the throne, young King Joash.

65. Ahaziah of Israel ----------------1 Kings 22: 2 Kings 1:1-6 1 Chron. 3:11 2 Chron. 20:35-37 Ahaziah of Israel ===================

Ahaziah of Israel was the son of Queen Jezebel and King Ahab. He became the eighth King of Israel following his father's death at the battle of RamothGilead. This was a result of a poorly-planned alliance with Jehoshephat against the Syreans. Ahaziah fell into the trap of following his parent's pagan idolatry, and this caused him nothing but bad-luck and misery. His political strength declined when Moab rebelled and stopped paying tribute money. He offered no resistance, instead turning to form an alliance with the King of Judah, in order to attempt to make money from shipping and trading the merchandise of the seas. However this was more bad-luck for him, because the

venture turned out to be a total failure, which nearly ruined him. Nothing seemed to work well for him, because he chose to invite the wrath of God, by his continued idolatry. One day as he was walking on the palace he slipped and fell through some lattice work, becoming seriously injured. Did he change his evil ways? No, instead he sought the divination of a priest who worshipped Beelzubub, (another name of Satan, which means Lord of Dung or filth.) He sent a messenger to this devil-worshipper, to enquire as to whether he would recover and how soon, but this attempt at sorcery angered God, who sent the Prophet Elijah, who intercepted the messenger. Elijah sternly told the messenger not to bother enquiring of devils as only God controlled the fate of mortal men. Elijah made the messenger turn right around and return to the king with God's message, which was that the king would definately not recover, and not even ever leave his bed again. This soon came to pass, and Ahaziah died and was succeded to his throne by Jehoram, his brother.

66. Jehoram or Joram (God is exalted) ----------2 Kings 1:17 3:1-2; 3:18; 8:28-29; 9:14-16; 9:21-24; 28: Jehoram =========

Jehoram was another son of Queen Jezebel and King Ahab. He was the brother of Queen Athaliah, and the uncle of King Ahaziah whom he succeded as Ahaziah died childless. Jehoram is mainly remembered as the father of Azariah, the brave army commander who joined the High Priest Jehoiada in his successful coup which desposed of the evil Queen Athaliah, his sister, and crowned young Joash as the King of Judah. As long as Jehoram followed the good council of his friend, the Prophet Elisha, he remained a good and successful king. Elisha even had prophesised his victory over the Moabites. But later on, perhaps because his success seemed to go to his head, he no longer sought Elisha's wise council, and instead began to worship the same false idol (Baal or Moloch) that brought misfortune to the other illfated members of his family. This reversion to idolatry,(for he should have known better), brought down the wrath of an angry God upon him, and his luck turned bad. Jehoram and his nephew Ahaziah formed a compact to take the city of Ramoth-Gilead away from Syrian King Hazael. It was during one of these battles that Jehoram was wounded in such a way that his judgement and his ability to command the troops was impaired. So Jehu, son of Jehoshephat, became the army's commander instead, and was able to hold back King Hazael's forces. Meanwhile, Jehoram managed to raech the city of Jezeel, where he rested and tried to recover from his injuries. After the fighting had subsided, Jehu and a company of soldiers did march to Jezeel. Whereupon Jehoram and Ahaziah mounted their chariots, and went out to meet them so to resume command of their troops. However, they were in for a surprise, as Jehu greeted Jehoram by shooting an arrow through his heart, killing his instantly. Ahaziah however was more aware than his uncle, and managed to avoid the same fate, outwitting Jehu, and escaping to Samaria. But nevertheless, he was wounded and eventually died and his body was returned to Jehu.

67. Ahaziah of Judah (Jehovah sustaineth) son of Jehoram ---------------2 Kings 9:27-28 1 Chron. 3:11 2 Chron. 22: Ahaziah-2 ===========

Ahaziah was the fifth King of Judah. He succeded his father Jehoram but only managed to reign as king for one year. He was persued and wounded by Jehu's army as he attempted his second escape from them, this time near Samaria. From there he succeded in passing Gur, and made it as far as Megiddo, where he died of his wounds. His corpse was carried to Jerusalem by Jehu's soldiers, and was buried in the city of King David.

68. Jehosheba or Jehoshebeath daughter of Jehoram ------------------2 Kings 11:1-12 1 Chron. 1:8-13 2 Chron. 22:11-12 Jehosheba ===========

Jehosheba was Jehoram's daughter, Jezebel's grandaughter, and the wife of Jehoiada, High Priest of Jehovah. She was also the step-daughter of the evil Queen Athaliah. It was Jehosheba who was able to save the life of young Joash, her nephew, when Queen Athalia attempted to murder all of the family's male offspring to assure that she alone would inherit the royal throne. Jehosheba managed to conceal her infant nephew, hiding him in the Temple of Jehovah where her husband was High Priest, until he was nearly seven years old, and replaced Queen Athaliah as ruler of Judah.

69. Joash or Jehoash (God given) ----------2 Kings 11:21; 12:1-20; 14:1-23 1 Chron. 3:11 2 Chron. 22:10-11; 24:1-24; 25:23-25 Joash =======

Joash was the only surviving son of King Ahaziah. He became the ninth King of Judah at the tender age of six or seven. The High Priest Jehoiada acted as his royal counciler or regent. At the onset of his kingship, he proved a tremendous benefit to the country of Judah because he ordered the pagan shrines and temples to Baal torn down. With the bastions of idolatry gone, the appropriate religious worship of Jehovah along with God's blessings resumed, and the country once more began to prosper. Unfortunately, when his counciler Jehoiada died, others who had practiced idolatry began to give him bad advice, and once more the moral

law was violated and the worship of idols and false gods resumed. God even sent His Prophets to warn him, but he refused to listen and this brought a curse against his people. The Priest named Zechariah spoke out against his evildoing, but King Joash and the other leaders of Judah martyred him by having him stoned to death in the Temple courtyard. King Joash had even forgotten his old friend Jehoiada, because the marytered Zechariah was his son. The people and the king's servants were grief-stricken and disapproved of Zechariah's death. After a particularly humiliating invasion by Syria, two of King Joash's servants became so disgusted with the situation that they went to Joash's room one night, at his fortress in Jerusalem, and murdered him as he lay in his bed. Joash's body was taken to Jerusalem, and buried in the city of King David, the same as was done for his father.

70. Amaziah (Strength of God) son of Joash ------2 Kings 14:1-15 2 Chron. 24; 25:1; 27 Amaziah =========

Amaziah was another King of Judah. He came to power around 800 B.C. after his father King Joash was assassinated. His first official act as king was to execute his father's killers. Next, Amaziah and his army vanquished the desert raiders of Edom, who had succeded from Judah, declaring their independence during the reign of his grandfather Ahaziah. Even though he possessed a large army, he felt that he needed the help of mercenary soldiers, so he hired some, for the price of one-hundred talents of silver. He was warned by a Prophet of God, that he shouldn't depend only upon his soldiers, because God Himself was his assurance of victory. Amaziah was moved by the Prophet's words and decided to send the extra men back to Ephraim from whence they came. He then attacked Seir, the Edomite stronghold, with just the soldiers of his army, and still was victorious. Instead of being thankful to God for his victory, he became vain and boastful. And even more surprizingly, he completely forgot the God of his forefathers who had led him to victory, and chose to worship instead, the false pagan gods of the defeated Edomites. The Prophet approached Amaziah, and for the second time warned him to be mindful of the Lord, and this time he prophesised that Amaziah would suffer a severe defeat if he went into battle. The warning did little good, as Amaziah had become vain instead, and decided to make war on Israel. The King of Israel, Jehoash (no relation to Amaziah's father) tried to talk Amaziah out of attacking, and told him the now famous parable of the cedar and the thistle. Amaziah ignored the advice, declared war on Israel, and suffered a complete and humiliating defeat. He was taken captive, but he was allowed to still remain King of Judah. He outlived Israel's King by fifteen years, but never did gave up his idolatrous beliefs. After fifteen years Amaziah finally lost his favor with the people of Judah, and had to flee to Lachish. However he was captured by his own servants who promptly murdered him. After his death, they mounted his body on horses, and gave it a royal escort to Jerusalem where he was buried with his father.

71. Uzziah (God's strength) son of Amaziah -----2 Kings 15: 2 Chron 26:1; 27: Isaiah 1:1; 6:1; 7:1 Hosea 1:1 Amos 1:1 Zecariah 14:5 Uzziah ========

Uzziah was another King of Judah. He was the son of King Amaziah and a sixth-generation descendant of Queen Jezebel. Uzziah became king at the age of sixteen, and reigned for fifty-two years. Young King Uzziah obed God's law, and therefore God blessed him and Judah became prosperous both economically and militarily. During his long reign, he defended Judah successfully against a number of her enemies including the belligerent Ammonites, hostile Philistines, and the powerful Arabian nations. He developed a strong standing army, and rebuilt the nations faltering fortifications. His first major accomplishment was to restore Eloth to Judah. Then he journeyed into Gurbaal and carried on small wars with the Arabians and the Mehunims. After he returned victorious, he won against the Philistines and he tore down the walls of the cities of Jabnehh, Gath and Ashdod and then built his own cities in their midst. The army of Judah, under Uzziah, was so large and bold that they would patrol their areas often just to display their power and to keep the peace. He even reopened the Red Sea port of Elath for the nation of Judah so they could promote commercial ventures. Uzziah was known far and wide for his success and also as an inventor. He was sort of a Black Leonardo. He invented techniques of agriculture which enabled his people to excell at farming. He also invented a wide variety of war machines which could catapult arrows, stones, spears and other projectiles. He also was an architect, who built a series of extreemly well-fortified gigantic towers, which loomed along the horizon. Uzziah tried to rule faithfully, but as he increased in power, his heart became like that of his father. He violated the law of God by offering incense upon the pagan altars. When the priest Azariah cautioned him about his sin, he revenged himself upon the priesthood. This brutal behavior caused God to infect him with leprosy. He became so infected with this loathsome disease, that he had to be quarantined so as not to infect his people, and he was forced to turn over the reins of government to his son Jotham, who reigned as regent until the king's death, and later became ruler.

72. Jotham (God is upright) -----2 Kings 15:5-32 1 Chron. 3:12; 5:17 2 Chron. 26:8-23; 27:1-9; Isaiah 1:1; 7:1 Hosea 1:1 Micah 1:1 Jotham ========

Jothem was another King of Judah. He was the son of Uzziah and Jerushah, daughter of Zadok. Jotham was a contemporary of the Prophets Hosea, Isiah, and Micah. He ruled as regent or de facto king during the last years of King Uzziah's bout with leprosy. During his reign he did not enter into the Temple, nor did he do much to stop corruption, although he personally feared and accepted God. He proved to be an able administrator however. Jotham subdued the Ammonites, and resumed some of his father's policies improving Judah's fortifications and standard of living. He built the high-gate for the Temple and the wall to protect the city of Ophel. He also built cities in the mountains, and castles and towers in the forests. After subduing the Ammonites, who revolted in order to be able to stop paying taxes, he made them pay them large tributes for a period of three years. This servant of God never forsook the Lord, and like his father, lived a prosperous life. For this he was highly regarded by the Hebrew historians. He reigned for sixteen years, and when he died was buried in the royal tombs.

73. Ahaz (Takes) son of Jotham ---2 Kings 16:1 1 Chron. 9:42 2 Chron. 27:9; 28:1 Ahaz ======

Ahaz was the eleventh King of Judah. He was the son of Jotham and the father of Hezekiah. He reigned for sixteen years, (circa 735 B.C. to 720 B.C.) and provided the backdrop for the great career of the Prophet Isaiah. Ahaz was the seventh-generation descendant of Athaliah, daughter of Queen Jezebel. He began his reign at age twenty,; but he chose not to walk with God, instead preferring to practice the pagan idolatry of Baal-worship. His idolatry seemed to provoke God to torment him by a number of outside invasions. And to make matters worse, Ahaz preferred to play at international politics, rather than heed Isaiah's wise advice, even ignoring a sign from God. King Rezin of Syria conducted an assault, abducting a great many Judites into captivity. King Pekah of Israel conducted an even more serious attack, killing at least one-hundred-and-fifty-thousand men in a single day. King Zichri of Ethiopia murdered Ahaz's son, who was the house governor, and the Philistines overran cities and villages south of Judah. All of these tragic onslaughts happened because of his moral problems and transgressions. But instead of turning his heart to God, which could have reversed his situation; he instead sought aid from King Tilgath-pilneser of Assyria. This king gladly welcomed and supported King Ahaz, for a price. In fact, it cost Ahaz an incredible amount. Firstly, Ahaz had to hand over every last bit of money in the Temple treasury. In addition, Ahaz had to become this king's bond-servant as well. Finally, Ahaz had to accept the Assyrian gods, and mounted pagan altars all over Jerusalem. Also the Temple of Jehovah in Jerusalem was closed and the people were forbidden to worship there. Ahaz left the country weakened morally and financially bankrupted. His reign was similar to that of his ancestor Jezebel. He never recovered from his idol-worship and when he died he was not buried in the royal tombs.

74. Hezekiah (Strength of God) son of Ahaz -------2 Kings 18:7-16; 19:14-35

2 Chron. 28:27; 29:1; 30:1; 31:1; 32:1 Zephaniah 1:1 Hezekiah ========== Hezekiah was the famous reformer-King of Judah, and the son of the weak-minded pagan-idolater, King Ahaz. He was the ninth-generation descendant of Queen Jezebel. He successfully led his country through the frightening days when King Sargon II of Assyria was overrunning the world in the eight century B.C. His main objective was to free the land from this barbarian, who had formerly been an ally of his father, Ahaz. The people had not only been oppressed from without, but also had fallen into idol-worship as well. So Hezekiah's vanity in this matter displeased God, untill he took some action of faith and ordered the shrines to the false-gods removed from all the holy places, and reinstituted the worship of the one-true God in his country. So Hezekiah spent his time guiding his people back to God, and the Lord was so pleased that Hezekiah became a favorite standing before Him. In spite of the fact that the northern capitol of the Kingdom of Israel, Samaria, had fallen; and that many in Judah favored either surrender to the Assyrians, or entering into dangerous foreign alliances, Hezekiah heeded the advice of the Prophet Isaiah, and stood fast, trusting in God. King Sargon died soon thereafter, and Hezekiah began a revolt to ease the restraints that the Assyrians had placed upon his country. Then Hezekiah later developed an understanding with Sargon's son, whose name was Sennacherib. To prevent further tryanny, Hezekiah agreed to pay him an annual tribute to insure a lasting peace. However Sennacherib was so hungry for power that he broke his agreement and threatened to overrun Judah! Sennacherib send a letter to Hezekiah, saying that the God of Israel was powerless to deliver the country from his wrath, and that she would soon fall to him or other nations. This message disturbed Hezekiah, and caused him to pray before God, and he asked the Lord not to permit this thing to happen. Jehovah heard his prayer, and sent an angel to decimate Sennacherib's army with a plague. The Assyrian army was totally destroyed. Hezekiah was one of the last of the good kings, and had a manner about him similar to King David, as he walked uprightiously to try and bring about peace. He was also a man of vision and wisdom. Even today, visitors to the city of Jerusalem can see Hezekiah's tunnel, the conduit cut through solid rock that brought water into the city during the seige - one of the many ambitious projects brought about by this great and energetic king. His reign was long remembered as one of the high points in the history of Judah. It was indeed unfortunate that his son and successor Manasseh chose not to continue his work.

75. Manasseh son of Hezekiah -------2 Kings 20; 21; 23; 24 1 Chron. 3:13 2 Chron.32; 33:1-23 Jeremiah 15:4 Manasseh ==========

Manasseh was the fourteenth King of Judah. He was the son and successor of King Hezekiah, and a tenth-generation descendant of Queen Jezebel. Manasseh

became king at the age of twelve, upon the death of his father Hezekiah. Unfortunately, his heart was evil, like that of the wicked kings of the past history of his country. So once again, Judah experienced a moral breakdown. He was used by an anti-reform group, who took advantage of his youth and inexperience to reverse the moral and religious reformation brought about by his God-believing father. But he himself totally rejected Jehovah, and even set-up various pagan altars and shrines inside the Temple of the One-True-God. He also outdid himself in his efforts to please the adherents of the pagan-cults. He was a totally wicked charactor, and practiced sorcery, witchcraft, wizardry and black-magic, summoning and making pacts with devils and strange and evil spirits. He even performed human sacrifice in his satanic practices, once even sacrificing his own son. He also had many prophets of God, and even some of the good citizens of his country murdered, because they refused to support his false religious doctrines. The Prophets blaimed the fall of Jerusalem to the superstitions and cruel and barbaric practices that were allowed to flourish during most of Manassah's reign. According to the Prophets, not even the later reforms of Josiah could undo the damage done to the country's morality during the long reign of fifty-five years under King Manasseh. Manasseh's idolatry and iniquities exceded even that of those born in the heathen lands. Therefore, God Himself became angry and warned the people through His Prophets, but they would not listen. According to the Chronicler, their king continued to break the Law in every way he could imagine, until God forsake the country and turned them over unto the hands of the Assyrians. King Manasseh himself was taken captive. As a prisoner, Manasseh realized that he was being justly punished for all of his wrongdoings, and realized his disobediance to God, and prayed for forgiveness. He must have been sincere, because he was only a prisoner in Babylon for about a year, when the God of Israel granted him deliverence, and he was allowed to return to Jerusalem and restored to his throne as king. He had truly changed and mended his evil ways, trying to undo the that his paganism had done. He quickly rebuilt the old walls to protect the people, and assigned war-patrols to guard Judah's boundries. He also restored the worship of Jehovah to the Temple, and all the graven images, pagan altars, and false priests were ejected and banned. His heart refrained from all corruption, and the people naturally followed his example and leadership accordingly. He died in Jerusalem at the age of sixty-seven and he was buried in the garden of Uzza.

76. Amon (True) son of Manasseh ---2 Kings 21:18-24 1 Chron. 3:14 2 Chron. 33:21-25 Amon ======

Amon succeded his father, Manassah as King of Judah. He was also a tenth-generation descendant of Athaliah, daughter of Queen Jezebel. Amon inherited the throne at age twenty-two, but did not observe the laws of God. His reign was a repitition of his father's early reign. He was know for his corruption, lack of morality and love of luxury. Like his father he was attracted to those things which displeased God. He reinstated all the pagan idols and graven images that his father, late in life, removed. This idolatrous behaviour, caused a strong conflict between him and his servants. They hated him for his evil and corrupt ways, and became quite tired of his idolatry. But the king did not heed them, and his servants took

council among themselves and assasinated him in his own house around 639 B.C. He died unmourned and was buried alongside his father in the garden of Uzza.

77. Josiah (God cured) son of Amon -----2 Kings 21:26; 22:1; 23:21-30 2 Chron. 33:25; 34:1; 35:1 Josiah ========

Josiah was the sixteenth King of Judah. He was the son of Amon and the eleventh-generation descendant of Athaliah, daughter of Queen Jezebel. Josiah was a just man and a good king whose ways were like those of King Hezekiah. He was crowned king at the age of eight, but did not begin actively ruling until he was eighteen. Because he saw the destruction of his father and grandfather, he developed a fear of God and wished to become more usefull and a positive influence to his country. He tore down the forboding towers and destroyed all graven images in order to bring a state of peace and tranquility to his kingdom. All the priests who did not truly represent God were dismissed from the priesthood. He even destroyed the tombs of the pagan priests and ordered that their bones be burned on the pagan altars. His policies were enforced throughout Israel until all of the idol-worship was gone. At the suggestion of Hilkiah, the High Priest, Josiah began extensive repairs and refurbishing of the Temple. With the help of Shaphan and Maaseiah, he collected taxes from the surrounding areas. Then the monies were turned over to Hilkiah, and were later distributed among the workmen. There were many craftsmen, described in the Scriptures as good and faithful stewards. During the Temple's repairs, a lost book of the Law was discovered. (What we know as the book of Deuteronomy) When the king was informed of what was written therin and the penelties it foretold, he send several of his assistants to ask the advice of the Prophetess Huldah. According to the Prophetess's interpretation, evilness would be brought down upon Judah because of the previous king's transgressions. But Josiah, who feared God and tore down the graven images, would not see these curses in his lifetime. When Josiah heard these prophecies,he made a covenant with God and began to advise his people regarding the book of Moses. He also instituted the observence of the Passover, which had not been celebrated since the days of Samuel. Judah under his rulership had returned to rightiousness, and God was well pleased. Joaiah died as bravely as he had lived. Around 608 B.C. Necho, the Egyptian Pharoah led an invasion of northern Palestine. Josiah recklessly jumped into the battle, and was seriously injured at Megiddo. He was carried back to Jerusalem where he died of his wounds. The news of his death was felt as a tremendous blow to all of Judah, and there was much lamentation in the land.

78. Jehoahaz (Possession) third son of Josiah -------2 Kings 23:30-34 1 Chron. 3:15; 36:1-4

Jehoahaz ========== Jehoahaz was the seventeenth King of Judah. He was the third son of King Josiah and the twelfth-generation descendant of Athaliah, the daughter of Queen Jezebel. He succeded King Josiah after the fiasco against Pharoah Necho and the Egyptian army at Megiddo, where his father was killed. He took possession of the throne at age twenty-three, after the people insisted that his two older brothers be bypassed, and that he be annointed as King of Judah. He did not walk with God as his father had done, but prefered to tolerate evil, as many of his forefathers had. He was dethroned by the Pharoah Necho and carried off to the Syrian city of Ribbah after ruling only for three months. Eventually he was taken to Egypt where he eventually died. Pharoah Necho gave his throne to his brother Eliakim, whom he renamed Jehoiakim.

79. Jehoiakim (God established) second son of Josiah --------2 Kings 23:34-37; 24:1-6 1 Chron. 3:15 Jeramiah 22:18-19; 36:30 Jehoiakim ===========

Jehoiakim was the eighteenth King of Judah. He was the second son of Josiah and the twelfth-generation descendant of Athaliah, the daughter of Queen Jezebel. He was another depraved king during the period of Judah's final decay and helped to bring about its decline. With the help of Pharoah Necho, he encountered only minor resistance in ascending the royal throne after the Pharoah removed his brother from it. Even though he wore the title and crown, he was only a puppet for Necho, because he had to pay large tributes to the Pharoah. Even his name, which was originally Eliakim, was assigned to him by the Pharoah. His corruption and cruelty helped speed Judah's decline. He was an idolater, and encouraged the practice of atrocities such as the sacrifice of children to pagan gods. Anyone who dared criticize him was silenced with death or at least imprisonment. He had the Prophet Uriah executed. The Prophet Jeremiah was forced to go into hiding, or he surely would have also been murdered. When the Babylonian king finished his was with Carchemish, he began an assault on Jehoiakim. He captured the King of Judah, and took him captive and also took many sacred vessels from the Temple of God with him to Babylon. For some unknown reason however, Jehoiakim was later released and his throne restored unto him, with the condition that he be a faithful subject to King Nebuchadnezzar. These conditions greatly disturbed King Jehoiakim, as he was tired of being a puppet to foreign rulars, and being forced to pay the demanded tribute. He yearned to be free to live and act as a King. So when Babylon and Egypt began to engage in battles, he rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar. But the Pharoah Necho was defeated by the more powerful Babylonian King. So his position did Jehoiakim little good. And God was not pleased with his evil heart, and brought down even more wrath upon him. He was raided on a regular basis by a number of groups including the Chaldeans, the Syrians, the

Moabites, and the Ammonites. It is unclear whether he was killed by the children of Amon, executed by Nebuchadnezzar when he conquered Jerusalem, or simply carried off to Babylon but we know that he never received an honorable burial, nor did any of Judah mourn his passing.

80. Jehoiachin (God appointed) son of Jehoiakim ---------2 Kings 24:11-16 2 Chron. 36:8; Jeremiah 52:31-34 Jehoiachin ============

Jehoiachin was the nineteeth King of Judah. He was the son of Jehoiakim and the fournteenth-generation descendant of Athaliah,daughter of Queen Jezebel. He succeded his father who left the kingdom in a hopeless state, when he was eighteen years old. Jehoachin's reign only lasted only three months. He did many things like his forefathers, which were evil in the sight of God. After ruling Judah for three months and ten days, he was captured in an invasion by the Babylonians, and taken to Babylon, and placed in prison. Following his surrender the Kingdom was ransacked of all its most prized and valuable possessions. All of the Temple's vast wealth was confiscated, and over ten thousand men and women, including the craftsmen, soldiers, captains,and various officers were taken to Babylon and held captive. Jehoiachin, unlike the other Jews who were allowed considerable freedom was imprisoned for thirty-six years, until the death of Nebuchadnezzar. He was finally released after Nebuchadnezzar's death by his successor, Evil-Merodach. Jehoiachin never returned to kingdom, and prefered to stay in Babylon working as a government-official for the new king who liberated him. He was also know by the various names of Jeconiah, Coniah, Joakim, Jechonias and Jechoniah.

81. Zedekiah (Justice of God) youngest son of Josiah -------2 Kings 24:17-20 1 Chron. 3:15 Zedekiah ==========

Zedekiah was the twentieth and last King of Judah. He was the shy, inexperienced youngest son of King Josiah, who was put on the throne by the Babylonian conquerer, Nebuchadnezzar. His reign reverted the country back to pagan practices, and God was not pleased. And the King of Babylon made Zedekiah sware an oath before God to plan and preserve an alliance which later he found difficult to honor. Like his brother Jehoiakim, he disliked being a mere puppet for the ruler of Babylon. But he couldn't decide whether to listen to the nobility who had formed an anti-Babylon party, or to Jeremiah and the other Prophets who advocated keeping their heads cooler, and advocating patience. He finally decided to go along with those who planned a revolt. They rebelled against the Chaldean empire, but wasn't able to withstand their

superior strength. The Babylonians launched a series of counterattacks until Judah was fully conquered. Zedekiah was totally powerless and attempted to escape. But his city was surrounded as well as besieged, so he was captured and sent along with his sons to Nebuchadnezzar at Ribbah. There a furious King Nebuchadnezzar reminded him of his promises and proceded meet out punishment. First he made Zedekiah watch while he killed his sons. Then he told him to remember what he had seen for he would not see anything again. The King then tore out both Zedekiah's eyes, had him bound in chains, and send him to Babylon, where he was imprisoned for the rest of his life.

82. Ebed-melech (King's servant) ----------Jeremiah 38:7-13 39:15-18 Ebed-Melech =============

Ebed Melech was an Ethiopian eunuch who held a high ministerial position during the era of the Prophet Jeremiah. He was an advisor to King Zedekiah, and his private residence at the palace gave him free access to the private chambers of the King. He was a Holy Man, who kept all of the Judaic laws and spiritual practices and obligations. When the Prophet Jeremiah was arrested by his enemies and thrown into a dark, damp underground sewer that was used as a dungeon, he wasted not a moment in reaching the king and interceding for the Prophet. He informed the king of the tremendous injustice that was imposed upon the man of God, and of the evil, unhealthy conditions that the Prophet of God was being held in. The king agreed and Jeremiahs life was spared. Ebed Melech personally lowered a rope down into the cistern and hauled the Prophed up out of the muck and mire. The greatful Prophet prophesied and blessed Abed Melek, saying that for his kindness, when Jerusalam would be captured by the Babylonians, that Abed Melek alone would neither be slain nor arrested by the enemy.

83. Cushi-1 (Ethiopian) Soldier ------2 Sam. 18:21-32 Cushi-1 =========

This Cushi was one of David's servants. He was named after his country (Ethiopia) and was a foreigner who served in King David's army under Joab. David's favorite son, Absalom, revolted unsuccessfully against him, and Cushi was among those in the Army of Israel which crushed the revolt. In the process Joab (against David's orders) slew Absalom. Cushi was a swift-footed runner, and was ordered by Joab to run across the plains and inform King David of the battle's outcome, and the death of his son.

Cushi-2 (Ethiopian) Jehudi's ancestor

------Jeremiah 36:14 * Cushi-2 =========

The second Cushi was an ancestor of Jehudi who was King Jehoiakim's messenger. Jehudi was ordered by the king to summon Baruch, who was the Prophet Jeremiah's secretary, in order for Baruch to read Jeremiah's prophecy to the royal court.

Cushi-3 (Ethiopian) father of the Prophet Zepheniah ------Zephaniah 1:1 Cushi-3 =========

Another Cushi, this Ethiopian was the father of the Prophet Zephaniah, who was the ninth of the twelve minor prophets.

84. Zephaniah (God's secret) son of Cushi & descendant of Hezekiah --------Zeph. 1:1 Zephaniah ===========

Zephaniah was the son of Ethiopia, (Cushi) and the ninth Prophet of Judah. He was from the lineage of King Hezekiah, the famous king-reformer of Judah. (not all scholars agree, but he was possibly Hezekiah's great-greatgrandson.) Zephaniah was like Hezekiah in many respects. He was opposed to the practice of heathen practices that originated in barbaric foreign countries, which he felt had no place in Judaic culture. He wrote his book during the reign of King Josiah. Zephaniah tried persistantly to wake people up to the fact that God would punish the nations that neglected to observe the religious laws. He was one of the last Old Testement Prophets to preach about the time of reckoning which was inevitable due to the results of Judah's idolatry and moral decay and subsequent spiritual and cultural deterioration.

85. Queen of Sheba (Oath) -------------Genesis 10:7 1 Kings 10:1-13 2 Chron. 9:1-12 Matt. 12:42 Luke 11:31 The Holy Koran - Sura 27 The Queen of Sheba

==================== The Queen of Sheba was a royal Black women from the southern part of the Arabian kingdom. She was from the lineage of Ham's grandson Sheba. After the confusion of tongues at Babel, some of the children of Ham journeyed to the southern part of Arabia and farther south. Two of Ham's descendants were Dedan and Sheba, the sons of Ham's grandson Raamah. These names though common to Semetic peoples, were first used by Black people. Sheba was the homeland of the Sabean people. It was located about 1300 miles away from Jerusalem, near present-day Yemen. However some scholars disagree and say it was located much closer in Ethiopia. The Roman historian Joshephus described the Queen of Sheba's homeland as somewhere between Egypt and Ethiopia. (see Psalms 72:10, Isiah 60:6, and Jeremiah 6:20) The Queen journeyed by camel-caravan through the Arabian desert, across the land of Moab and thence into Jerusalem. It must have been one of the most impressive caravans to enter Jerusalem, as in 1 Kings 10:2 it is described as "a very great train, with camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones." In 1 Kings 10:10 it is stated that the Queen brought unto Solomon, "120 Talents of Gold." By todays gold standard, that would be woth well over Thirty-six million dollars! Solomon's annual income at that time would have been over two-hundren million dollars, so her gift would not be out of keeping with her wealth, and Solomon generously bestowed gifts and riches unto her in return. The Queen made her famous journey partly as a trade mission, but also to see for herself if the talk of Solomon's wisdom was the truth or made-up. She had heard much talk about the great king, and being a well-respected and wise women herself, did not accept all she had been hearing sight-unseen. She felt that Solomon's fantastic reputation must certainly be an exaggeration! The king gave her an impressive royal welcome,complete with full honors and ceremony. Then he granted her full rights to come and go as she wished, and gave her permission to survey all his riches and domain. King Solomon's wisdom and the magnificence of the royal palace and the other public buildings surpassed her expectations. But the Queen still doubted Solomon and began questioning him to see if he could measure up to his reputation. Solomon answered all of her questions and she became satisfied. Then she made the now famous comment, "I believed not the words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it, and behold, the half was not told me." - 1 Kings 10:7. The constitution of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) confirms the legend that the royal line descends from the dynasty of Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. And the Bible uses the phrase that Solomon gave the Queen, "all that she desired ", meaning a royal child. The story, confirmed just 35 years ago, when the Ethiopian constitution was translated in English for the first time, that Menelik I, when he was a young man, visited his father, Solomon, studied the Hebraic religion with him, and returned to Ethiopia to found his own dynasty. It is probable that his mother the Queen, brought him up as a Black Hebraicist, one who studied the Jewish faith. Solomon it is thought, converted her to his own religion, by the example of his success and wisdom. In the Bible, it is recorded that the Queen said unto King Solomon, "Blessed be the Lord thy God." - 1 Kings 10:9. And she was thus remembered by the Savior, Jesus Christ, who called her by the title of "The Queen of the South" , it is recorded in the New Testement, Matthew 12:42 and Luke 11:31.

86. Tirhakah (Exaulted) Ethiopian King

-------2 Kings 19:9 Isaiah 37:9 Tirhakah ========== Tirhakah was a resourceful Ethiopian prince and ally of King Hezekiah. He governed for the Ethiopian Kings Shabaka and Shabataka in the Nile Valley. Tirhakah became allied to Hezekiah during the time of Sennacherib's uprising, and tried to prevent any further harassment of Judah by the Assyrians. At that time Judah was a weak country and their military lacked the ability to withstand Sennacherib's army. Tirhakah attempted to help Judah by attacking the Assyrian aggressors, but lacked the power to overcome the strength of Assyria's superior forces. Instead, Tirhakah suffered severe casulties, and was driven back to Egypt, where he became a temporary ruler, assisting his uncle Shabaka, who was the regent or acting Pharoah. During these years he fought three Assyrian armies; first Sennacherib's, then two armies under Esarhaddon, who finally defeated him. Around 691 B.C., Tirhakah became the third Pharoah in the twenty-fifth Egyptian Dynasty, during the Ethiopian period. He controlled the Throne of Egypt for three years, and then suffered a severe defeat at Memphis, by Esarhaddon, the son of Sennacherib. In spite of being defeated, he plotted with the strongmen of the Delta area to revolt against the Assyrians. Tirhakah lodged himself in Upper Egypt, where he remained for the rest of his life. He died without ever regaining power in 663 B.C.

87. Candace (Queen of Ethiopia) ------Acts 8:27 Candace =========

Candace was a term applied to the Queen rulers of Meroe, which was the capital city of the country which later became Ethiopia. (Abbysinia) This was located at the juncture of the Nile and Atbara rivers. The word "Candace" was a hereditary term used in a similar manner that the term Pharoah was used to refer to the ancient Egyptian kings. The Candace that is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles is credited with bringing the Christian Faith to her country. She is mentioned because her treasurer, a eunuch traveled from Meroe to Jerusalem to worship and said that it was his belief that Jesus Christ was indeed the Son of God. Evidently the Queen had sent him to gather information on this new religion. It is recorded that this same eunuch received baptism from the hand of Philip, and returned to Ethiopia bearing the Christian faith and belief. Candace was the first one in royal Ethiopian circles to receive the message of the triumphant life, death and resurection of Jesus Christ.

88. The Ethiopian Eunuch -------------------Acts 8:27-39 The Eunuch ============

The Eunuch mentioned in Acts was a nobleman, the high treasurer for the Queen of Ethiopia. His main task to perform was to seek information on the new religion which was revolutionizing Israel, then to return to his home country. It was necessary for him to journey over a thousand miles across the plains of Africa in order to reach Jerusalem. While he was there he gathered scriptural writings concerning Jesus Christ and His Divine Will. As his visit to Israel neared its completion, he was traveling towards Gaza with a scroll, that contained the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah. It was this chapter that he sat and read, when Philip the Evangelist came up to his chariot. Philip asked him regarding his abilities to understand the Scripture and he replied that he could find no value in what he had been reading. Then the Eunuch asked Philip if he could explain the meaning of the Scripture to him. So Philip the Evangelist did accordingly what he asked, and they went in the chariot and traveled until they saw water, and the Ethiopian received baptism from Philip. Although this eunuch left Ethiopia as the Queens treasurer, upon his return he certainly obtained a more important position. Even to this day, Ethiopia still upholds the Faith of Christianity which this noble eunuch and his Queen instituted more than two thousand years ago.

89. The Wise men Kaspar, Melchior & Balthezar --- ---- --- ------ -------- --------Matthew 2:1 (Names are traditional) The three wise men (Magi) ===========================

The three wise men were Magi or Persian (Arabic) Kings. A king in that Ishmaelian culture, can be even a chief of a moderately small tribe. But it is certain that they were looking for someone whom they knew to be a Great King. The sign that they were following wasn't a star, but rather a bright heavenly manifestation, the rare conjunction of the planets Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn. This places the birth of Jesus definitely on August 12, 7 B.C. They felt that he was somehow connected with their culture, and if indeed He was from the Ishmaelian line, rather than the Davidic, this would explain why the lighter-skinned Jews wouldn't allow his family into their nice clean inns. Much of the history of Jesus was ruthlessly surpressed by the Catholic Church, who assigned His birthday to the Roman-pagan feast of Saturnalia on December 25. The Crusades were mounted as an excuse to raid the libraries of the east, and destroy all the original manuscripts of the scriptures. (This is a separate subject, one of a complexity that is beyond the scope of this book.) The three Kings carried gifts of Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh to the Child-king. They fell down and worshipped Him, and were later warned by God in a dream, not to return to Herod who had inquired about the Child's location but instead to return to their own land by a different route.

90. Simon the Cyrene from North Africa and his sons Rufus & Alexander ----- --- -----Matt. 27:32 Mark 15:21 Luke 23:26 Acts 6:9

Romans 16:4-13 * Simon the Cyrene ===================

Simon was the Black man who helped Jesus bear his cross to Mount Calvary during the crucifixion. He was probably visiting Israel during the trial and crusifixion, because Black Hebrews had their own synagogue in Jerusalem. Doubtless his holiday was ruined, as the Roman guards forced him to help by carrying Jesus'cross, this Simon was so affected by Jesus that he became a believer. We can presume that he was standing among the crowd, when Jesus had struggled under the weight of His burden. There Simon was compelled to share the burden of the Savior, as they progressed towards the "Place of the Skull" or Golgatha, the place reserved for public Roman criminal executions. Nothing more is mentioned in Scripture about him, except that his two sons, named Alexander and Rufus, later on became leaders in the Christian Church. Paul the Apostle saluted Rufus because of the devotion of his ministry and for laying his life on the line for him. Simon and his brothers were called Hebraist Jews, (this means one who is a scholar of Hebrew culture). From this we know that Black Jews lived and practiced their faith in Africa over two thousand years ago. * Rufus and Alexander ====================

Rufus and his brother Alexander were well kmnow believers around the time that the Gospel of Mark was written. Tradition holds that the two of them went with Peter and Andrew on some of their missionary journeys. Rufus was one of the most common slave names and is translated as "Red". Paul speaks of Rufus as "Beloved in the Lord", which identifies him as a leader in the early Christian community. Paul also makes reference to Rufus' mother, which tends to show that the entire family treated Paul with kindness, and Paul holds them all in the highest regard. There are many legends which state that Rufus became a Bishop, though he is stated in different traditions as being variously Bishop of Avignon, or of Thebes and even of Capua. It is also said that he made many missionary trips to such places as Spain and the Mountain area of the Alps.

91. Simeon called Niger and Lucius the Cyrene ----------------------------------------Acts 6:9; 13:1; 15:1 Ro4ans 15:1; 16:21 Simeon called Niger and Lucius the Cyrene ===========================================

Lucius and Simeon were two chosen men of God, both teachers and Prophets of a Church in Antioch. This was located in a place northwest of Israel. They were threatened and experienced persecution following Jesus' crucifixion. But they chose to continue in their preaching activities and this proved them to be worthy leaders in the early church. Lucius was from Cyrene which is in the northern part of Africa. Like Simon the Cyrene, he also was a supporter of the Black Hebrew synagogue located in Jerusalem. Simeon called Niger was also an African, but from a different area, that which lies along the river Niger. It was these two Africans who ordained both Barnabus and Saul, under the

ministry of the Holy Spirit. Saul who later acquired the name of Paul, had the distinction of ministering to more of the Gentile nations than any other saint! It is certain that the ministry officiated by these two Africans had an absolutely monumental effect which triggered tremendous Holy Spirit led changes in the religious world of their time.

92. Asenath the Egyptian (Joseph's wife) and Potiphera (Asenath's father) -------------------Genesis 41:45-50; 46:20 Asenath =========

Asenath was the daughter of the priest in Pharoah's court who served the solar diety called On. She is found in the story of Joseph and his brothers in the Book of Genesis. Her father the head priest's name was Potiphera. She was given unto Joseph to be his wife, by a greatful Pharoah, who was greatly pleased by Joseph's ability to interpret Pharoah's dreams, while the Egyptian priesthood was not able to do so. By the arrangement of this marriage, the Pharoah accomplished at least three things. Firstly, he brought Joseph into a position in the royal court, where he would be nearby if and when Pharoah wished to consult him. Secondly, he made up to Joseph for the shame and discomfort of his imprisonment. And also by marrying him to the priest's daughter, this served as a constant reminder to the Egyptian priesthood that this stranger and his foreign God possessed powers that surpassed their own. * Potiphera --------Genesis 41:45,50; 46:20 Potiphera =========== Potiphera was Asenath's father and Joseph's father-in-law. He was the head priest of On and presided at the great Temple of the Son. His daughter was presented to Joseph as a token of the Pharoah's high regard for him.

93. Bithiah (Convert to God's worship) ------1 Chron 4:17 Bithiah =========

Bithiah was the daughter of an unnamed Pharoah during the sojourn of the Israelites in Egypt. She became one of the wives of Mered, a descendant of Judah. However, scholars have been unable to determine whether the girl's father was an Egyptian king, or simply a Hebrew who had the name "Pharoah". However, the first supposition is more likely, because the name of "Bithiah" is interpreted as "one who has become a convert to the worship of God". So it is logical that she was the offspring of an Egyptian king, who became a believer in the One-God worshipped by the children of Israel.

94. Ishbah (Mankind in motion) Bithiah's son -----1 Chron 4:17 Ishbah ========

Ishbah was a member of the tribe of Judah. He was remembered as one who had the blood of Egyptian royalty flowing through his veins. His father Mered was married to the Egyptian Princess named Bithiah. Mered's name appears in the genealogy list of Caleb, who was one of the twelve spies sent by Moses to scout the Promised Land of Canaan. Caleb's chief claim to fame is that only he and Joshua out of all the original members of the twelve-tribes were allowed to go into the Promised Land.

95. Jambres & Jannes (Magicians at Pharoah's court) ------- -----2 Timothy 3:8 Jambres and Jannes ====================

Jambres and Jannes are the names that Jewish tradition assigns to the two royal magicians, (also refered to as "the wise men and the sorcerers" in Exodus 7:11; 8:7; 8:18; and 9:11) who practiced their "enchantments" which really were illusions and sleight of hand tricks, in the court of Merenptah. Though they are not mentioned by name in the Book of Exodus, Paul being conversant with the rich Hebraic traditions, refers to them by name in chapter 3, verse 8 of his Epistle to Timothy.

96. Jarha (a former Egyptian slave) ----1 Chron. 2:34-35 Jarha =======

Jarha was an Egyptian slave, who was owned by a Jew named Sheshan, who was of the tribe of Judah. By a lucky turn of fate - in this case, because Sheshan's wife bore him no sons to carry on the family name; Jarha did "marry the boss's daughter", and gained his freedom, by becoming a member of the tribe of Judah. Jarha's wife bore him a son named Attai, who later grew up to become a tribal chieftan.

97. Zerah (Eastern) may be OSORKON I or II of the 22nd dynasty ----2 Chron. 14:9-13 Zerah =======

Zerah was an Ethiopian King who commanded a huge army which consisted of over one-million men, and a mounted patrol which numbered three hundred chariots. This large force invaded Judah during the reign of King Asa, but was defeated and sustained great numbers of casualties at the battle of Mareshah. King Zerah was famous for his brilliant battle strategy and many victorious conquests. However, it could be said that he overpowered the many cities with his vast army which was well-organized and very well disciplined. There was a long period in which the kingdom of Judah enjoyed a peacefull existence. However, King Zerah felt that things were too quiet, and he decided to make war with King Asa, for no particular reason. The two armies met at the valley of Mareshah, they battled and as could be expected, the superior Ethiopian forces immediately crippled the army of Judah, so it seemed impossible for King Asa's forces to survive, much less to achieve a victorious outcome. The King of Judah knew that his army was crushed, so he cried out to God for spiritual comfort. His prayers moved the Lord to smite the Ethiopians; and suddenly Zerah and his army became so confused that they retreated from the valley, and left great spoils which the forces of Judah gathered up, which made King Asa very wealthy, in spite of the battle. There are some interesting comparisons between King Zerah and the Pharoah Ramesse. They both like to push their luck beyond their limits, and could be defeated by prayer and the help of God, despite superior forces. Zerah is also recognized to have conquered Egypt once and ruled there as Pharoah.

98. Pharaoh in the story of Abraham ------Genesis 12:15-20 Unnamed Pharoah-1 ===================

This "Pharoah" was an Egyptian King in Abraham's time. He cannot be identified in Egyptian history, because the term Pharoah was not used till much later, around the XVIIIth dynasty. Probably the title was added in error by a later writer. This King unwittingly took Abraham's wife into his harem, after Abraham tricked him by calling her his "Sister". Because God was displeased never-theless, this "Pharoah suffered a series of curses or natural disasters untill he returned Sarah, untouched, to Abraham, gave them both gifts, then ordered his soldiers to make sure they departed, posthaste.

99. Pharaoh in the story of Joseph ------Genesis 37; 39:-42; 44:-47; 50: Unnamed Pharoah-2 ===================

This Pharoah in the story of Joseph and his brethren, Lived at Heliopolis, the "City of the Sun". He was probably on of the Hyskos Rulers. It is difficult to identify him with any specific Pharoah in the Hirioglyphic inscriptions.

He promoted Joseph, former slave and former prisoner, to the exaulted position of Prime-minister, and because of Joseph's wise efforts, saw his kindom survive through seven years of terrible drought and famine.

* 100. Pharaoh Rameses II in the story of Moses - 19th dynasty -----------------Exodus 1:-2: Pharoah Rameses II ==================== The Pharoah Rameses II, held power in the time of Moses; the mighty Nineteenth-Dynasty. (around 1500 B.C.) He ruled for a period of 67 years. This was a time of tremendous building construction programs, and terrible oppression. The Hebrews were forced into slave-labor gangs to perform the menial work and hard labor, while the skilled archetectural work was done by groups of well-paid master craftsmen.

* 101. Pharaoh Merenptah successor of Ramses II ------- --------Exodus 3:-15; 18: Deut. 6:21-22; 7:8-18; 11:3; 29:2; 34:11 1 Sam. 2:27; 6:6 2 Kings 17:7 Nehemiah 9:10 Psalms 135:9; 136:15 Acts 7: Romans 9:17 Pharoah Merenptah =================== The Pharoah Merenptah was the successor of Rameses and the Pharoah in the story of the Exodus from Egypt. After a series of encounters between this Pharoah and Moses and Aaron, he refused to let the Hebres go free, and was punished along with his country by a series of Plagues. Pharoah finally agreed to let them leave, but changed his mind and send his army's armoured chariot divison to drive the Hebrew's back to the slave-labor camps. The great deliverence by God of the Hebrews, drownding Pharoahs army personell in the Red Sea signalled the begining of the fourty years of wandering in the desert by Moses and the Israelites. Pharoah Merenptah was the first Egyptian Pharoah to mention the Hebrews on Hyioglyphic inscriptions that so far have been found by the archiologists.

* 102. Pharaoh who became Solomon's father-in-law ------1 Kings 2:46; 3:1; 7:8; 9:16-24; 11:1-13 2 Chron. 8:11 Song of Solomon 1:9

Unnamed Pharoah-3 =================== The Pharoah who became the father-in-law of King Solomon was a Tannite King of the Twenty-first Dynasty. (around 1080 B.C.) He conquered the City-state of Gezar, and presented it to King Solomon as a gift. The marriage of his daughter to Solomon was the usual method of making a permanent alliance between principals of the great kingdoms in those early days of international diplomacy.

* 103. Pharaoh Shishak (Sheshonk I) who founded 22nd dynasty --------------1 Kings 11:40; 14:25 2 Chron. 12:2-9 Pharoah Shishak ================= Pharoah Shishak (called Shishonk I by the Egyptians) was the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty. (around 1000 B.C.) After the death of King Solomon, his armies swept across Palestine and forced both Kings of Israel to pay him great tributes. (Kings Rehoboam of Judah and Jeroboam of Israel) During this time he also conquered Jerusalem and plundered most of the sacred vessels and objects from the Temple. As a builder he was the one responsible for the great expansions and additions to the great temple at Karnak.

* 104. Pharaoh Necho of the 26th dynasty (610 B.C. to 594 B.C.) ------------2 Chron. 35: Pharoah Necho =============== Pharoah Necho lived in the Twenty-sixth Dynasty (from 610 to 594 B.C.) He tried to regain the prestige that Egypt once had in western Asia, and he succeded but not permenently. His major claim to fame, was that he killed King Josiah of Judah at the battle of Megiddo. His advance was stopped at the Euphrates River, where he turned back, returned to Egypt, and devised a scheme of building a series of canals, then he sat back, and ordered the contries he had conquered to use these canals for the purpose of shipping the various goods and wealth that he damanded as tribute-payments from those he had conquered. The Kingdom of Judah was one of those nations forced to pay the Pharoah the heavy tributes that he commanded of them. However, suddenly a new conqueror appeared upon the horizon. The Chaldean Empire had arisen with the great warrior and King Nebuchanezzar commanding his vast armies from his capitol city of Babylon with its famous "Hanging Gardens", one of the "7 wonders of the ancient world." Pharoah Necho was defeated and his army was totally crushed at the battle of Carchemiah. He then retired to Egypt to live out his life in quiet and semi-retirement. Egypt never recovered from this defeat, and remained a second-rate country in the shadow of the Chaldean Empire.

* 105. Pharaoh Hophra -------------Jeremiah 44:30 Pharoah Hophra ================ Pharoah Hophra was a contemporary of the famous Chaldean-Babylonian Emperor, Nebuchanezzar. Hophra's downfall in the struggle for international domination was correctly predicted by the Prophet Jeremiah. Hophra was the fourth King of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, and had dreams of reestablishing the former grandeur of his famous kingdom. However, the Emperor Nebuchanezzar cut short the aspirations of the Pharoah by conquering most of the middle-eastern kingdoms. Egypt under Pharoah Hophra served as a refuge for many people fleeing from the Kingdom of Judah to escape from the Babylonian hordes.

* 106. Unnamed Pharaoh who gave asylum to Hadad the Edomite --------------1 Kings 11:14-22 Unnamed Pharoah-4 =================== This unnamed Pharoah was a contemporary of King David in century B.C. He gave asylum to Hadad the Edomite, and even gave in-law to Hadad as a wife. His Queen is identified as being named Tahpenes, however been unable to clearly identify him with either of the Dynasty's both Upper and Lower Egypt simultaneously. the eleventh his sisterscholars have which ruled

* 107. Unnamed Pharaoh in Hezekiah's story. --------------2 Kings 18:21; 19:9 Isaiah 19:11; 30:2-3; 30:6 Unnamed Pharoah-5 =================== This unnamed Pharoah was a contemporary of King Hezekiah of Judah. He was the ruler to which Hezekiah was strongly tempted to ask for help during the siege of Jerusalem by King Sennacherib of the Chaldean Empire. There is a strong probability that he was Tirhaka, an Ethiopian who conquered Egypt in the late eighth-century B.C.

* 108. Unnamed Pharaoh --------------1 Chron. 4:18

father of Bithiah - (wife of Mered)

Unnamed Pharoah-6

=================== This unnamed Pharoah was the father of Bithiah, the wife of Mered of the tribe of Judah. He is another who cannot be identified further. The author of the Book of 1st Chronicles mentions him in the list of the geneology of the tribe of Judah. * 109. Jeconias (same as Jehoiachin see #80) -------2 Kings 24:6-15; 25:27 2 Chron 36:8-9 Jeremiah 22:24,28; 24:1; 37:1 52:31 Ezekial 1:2 Jeconias ========== * Jeconias is another name of King Jehoiachin of Judah. (See #80) He is included here because we are listing the Davidic line of Hamites. These are included up to Jacob, father of Jeseph who married the Virgin Mary and was step-father to Jesus Christ.

* 110. Salethiel or Shealtiel son of King Jeconias ----------------Ezra 3:2,8; 5:2; Neamiah 12:1 Haggai 1:1,12,14; 2:2 Salethiel =========== Salethiel was a son of King Jechonias or Jehoiachin, and a descendant of King David. He is perhaps best remembered as being the father of Zerubbabel who was the great leader who led the first wave of Hebrews on their Exodus from Babylon, and their return to Jerusalem.

* 111. Zerubbabel or Zorobabel -----------------Genesis 29:24; 30:9-12; 35:26; 37:2; 46:18 Zerubbabel ============ Zerubbabel was the governor of Jerusalem in the depressing last days at the end of the Exile in Babylon. He personally led the first group of dispirited exiles back to Jerusalem from Babylon. He was a descendant of King David, a member of the royal family, and was thought by many to be the Messiah. He directed the Temple worship, when it was resumed after the Exile was over, and Judiasm was no longer banned. He also supervised the rebuilding of the altar, and the construction of the foundation of the new Temple. Scholars are puzzled by Zerubbabel's seeming to fade from importance in later Biblical records. Actually what happened, is that his ministry had

shifted to working among the Hamitic people, so what was not written in the Bible survives among Black traditions. A Jewish tradition states however that Zerubbabel went back to Babylon and died there. Some students theorize that because Zerubabbel was a royal Prince, he may have been regarded as a threat to the Persian potentates and that they had him removed in a secret plot. He was not recorded as being present at the re-dedication of the Temple he helped to rebuild.

* 112. Abida or Abiuda and Midian and Keturah -------------------------Genesis 25:1-4 1 Chron 1:32-33 Abida ======= * Abida was the grandson of Abraham and Keturah. He is mentioned as a son of Midian. Midian was the son of Abraham by Keturah. Midian was also the ancestor of the Midianites, a powerful tribe of nomads and traders. * Keturah was Abraham's second wife. She married him after the death of Sarah. She was the mother of six sons, each of whom became the head of a well-known desert-tribe.

* 113. Eliakim - (see King Jehoiakim #79) ------* 114. Azor ---Matthew 1:14-15 Azor ====== Azor is listed in the geneology list of Jesus' ancestors, as a grandson of Zerubbabel.

* 115. Sadoc ----Matthew 1:14 Sadoc ======= Sadoc was the son of Azor, and the father of Archim. He was a descendant of Zerubbabel,and a member of the royal family of Judah. He is counted as one of Jesus' ancestors.

* 116. Achim ----Matthew 1:14 Achim =======

Achim was the son of Sadoc. He is listed in Matthew's genological table of Jesus' ancestors.

* 117. Eliud ----Matthew 1:14 Eliud ======= Eliud was the son of Achim. He is listed in Matthew's genelogical table of Jesus' ancestors.

* 118. Eleazar ------Matthew 1:15 Eleazar ========= Eleazar was the son of Eliud. He is listed in Matthew's genelogical table of Jesus' ancestors.

* 119. Matthan ------Matthew 1:15 Matthan ========= Matthan was the son of Eleazar. He is listed in Matthew's genelogical table of Jesus' ancestors. * 120. Jacob and Joseph of Nazereth ---------------------Matthew 1:15-16 Jacob ======= * Jacob was the son of Matthan and the father of Joseph. He is listed at the end of the genological table that Matthew gives a a list of Jesus' ancestors in the line of David, begining with Abraham, and listing for fourteen generations from Abraham to David, and again fourteen generations from David to the Exile in Babylon, and yet another fourteen generations from Babylon to Christ. (See Jeconias #109) Joseph was a carpenter from Nazereth and passed his craft down to his son, Jeshu or Jesus. The term Christ or Christian was not used in scripture or practice untll nearly one-hundred years later. =============================================================================== End Section of Black Bible Characters * ------------------------------------- *

* We sincerly hope you have enjoyed reading this work as much as we enjoyed the writing and researching therof. If you have any comments you may contact me at the BBS node described below. L.C.Stevenson 32~ A.A.S.R. Prince Hall Affiliation =============================================================================== * Bibliographical References -------------------------[C-13]*

1. THE HOLY BIBLE - all quotations are from the King James version. 2. EVERYONE IN THE BIBLE. - William P. Barker (C) 1966. Published by the Fleming H. Revell Co. Westwood, New Jersey. 3. ALL OF THE WOMEN OF THE BIBLE - Edith Deen (C) 1955. Published by Harper and Row Publishers New York. 4. THE BLACK BIBLICAL HERITAGE - Johnnie L. Johnson (o.p.) (C) 1975. Privately Printed by Speed Print Berkeley, Missouri 5. MYSTERIES OF THE BIBLE - Ed Manzi (C) 1990 Published by Globe Communications Corp. Boca Raton, Florida 33487

SUGGESTED FURTHER READING: ------------------------1. BLACK GODS - ORISHA STUDIES IN THE NEW WORLD - Gary Edwards and John Mason (C) 1985 Published by Thoruba Theological Archministry 488 Putnam Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11221 2. DRUM AND CANDLE - David St. Clair (o.p.) (C) 1971 Published by Doubleday and Company Garden City, New York 3. THE HOLY KORAN - Trans. by A. Yusef Ali (C) 1946 & 1978 Published by The Islamic Center 2551 Massachusetts Ave. Northwest Washington, D.C. 20008

END part 1. Part 2 in preparation is a companion volume which contains all the Biblical reference texts to this volume. No date for completion has been set. ===============================================================================

(C) 1992 Leonardo Stevenson (R) All rights including international reserved. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------If you have access to a computer equipped with a MODEM (modulator/demodulator) you can contact Bro. Stevenson via his Computerized Masonic Bulletin Board " DESERT-WELL The Masonic BBS " ------------------------------Set Protocols to: 8/N/1 DATA: (510)-704-9655

" And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set MASONS to hew stones to build the HOUSE OF GOD." ------ 1 Chronicles 22:2 ================================================================================

/^\ //^\\ ///^\\\ ///{0}\\\ /////^\\\\\ //////^\\\\\\ //=============\\ // \\ //=================\\ // \\ //=====================\\ // \\ //=========================\\ // \\ //=============================\\ // \\ //=================================\\ // M.D.C.C.L.X.X.V.I. - 1776 \\ //=====================================\\ Fraternal Greetings from DESERT-WELL the Masonic BBS "Masonry teaches love & kindness in the home, Honesty in Business or Trade, courtesy in social intercourse, help for the weak and unfortunate, resistance to evil, trust & confidence in good men, forgiveness towards the penitent, love to all mankind, and above all, Reverence for the Supreme Being." - anon. (Seen on the backs of some Mason's business cards) (C)1992 L.Stevenson Berkeley California USA (R) Internatn'l Rights Reserved END FILE