Name of Drug

Special Precaution

Indication

Mechanism of Action

Side Effects

Independent Nursing Responsibilitie s.

You should not use this medication if patient is allergic to ketoconazole. If the patient have any of these other conditions, he/she may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take ketoconazole:

Brand Name: Nizoral Generic Name: Ketoconazole Dosage: 200mg each tablet Route: Oral Frequency:
frequency of administration depends upon the disease and response to treatment. It may be necessary to treat several months, and may take one or two weeks to start seeing improvement. Timing :three times daily

tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any other medications, creams, or shampoos. If you will be using the cream, tell your doctor if you are allergic to sulfites.

Tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following systemic fungal infections: candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, oral thrush, candiduria, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.

tell your doctor and pharmacist what vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products medications, you are taking. Your doctor may need

Like other azole antifungals, ketoconazoleexerts its effect by altering the fungal cell membrane. Ketoconazoleinhibits ergosterol synthesis by interacting with 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that is necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the membrane. In contrast, amphotericin B binds to ergosterol after it is synthesized. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis results in increased cellular permeability, which causes leakage of cellular contents. Ketoconazole does not appear to have the same effects on human cholesterol synthesis. Other antifungal effects of azole compounds have been proposed and include: inhibition of endogenous respiration, interaction with membrane phospholipids, and inhibition of yeast transformation to mycelial forms. Other mechanisms may involve inhibition of purine uptake and impairment of triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. At higher concentrations, ketoconazole may have a direct physiochemical effect on the fungal cell membrane, which leads to a fungicidal action. In vitro, ketoconazole prevents Candida from forming pseudohyphae and also enhances phagocytosis of the fungi.

Nausea; stomach pain or upset.

decreased

stomach acid (achlorhydria);

liver disease; kidney a heart a personal or

disease; rhythm disorder; or family history of "Long QT syndrome."

to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.

tell your doctor if you have or have ever had any medical condition. If you will be using the cream, tell your doctor if you have or have ever had asthma.

tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while using ketoconazole, call

your doctor.