The Hydrosphere

Seas and Oceans

When the Earth was formed, volcanoes threw large amounts of water vapor into the atmosphere. The Earth cooled and vapor condensed forming seas and oceans. Salt of the oceans and seas comes from rivers that carry to the sea. When seawater evaporates, salt is more concentrated.

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The Hydrosphere
Is the whole of Earths water. This consists of: Salt water, 97% y Fresh water, 3% Glacier ice Groundwater and Surfacewater

Universal solvent. Used to transport the salts in living. Absorbs heat and lessens the temperatures differences. Abnormal dilation: ice floats. It is adhesive, soak rocks.
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The Hydrosphere
States of water: solid
Water freezes at 0 C.

It is in the polar caps and hight mountains.

A part of the atmosphere also has water in solid state, such as snow or ice. Solid water is the most important reserve of fresh water in the earth.

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The Hydrosphere
States of water : liquid
Most of the water in the hydrosphere, is liquid (between 0 and 100 C) Form the seas and oceans, rivers and streams. Liquid water originated life and is in this state where the most important applications for humans, such as drinking and cooking as well as personal hygiene and clothing and human habitat. A large part of the atmosphere is formed by liquid water.
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The Hydrosphere
States of water : gaseous
Some of the air from the atmosphere is water in the form of vapor, which is responsible for air humidity. When the air cools, water vapor it contains condenses and forms clouds. When the air condenses more down to earth as precipitation that can be liquid (rain) or solid (snow or hail).
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The Hydrosphere
The water cycle
The whole of processes experienced by the water of the hydrosphere on the Earths surface and atmosphere.
1.

The sun heats the surface water of the seas and oceans and then evaporates into the atmosphere.

2.

When it cools the water vapor forms clouds that are carried by the wind.
The water falls on land and sea as rain or snow. The water in rivers, streams and groundwater, returning to the sea.
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3. 4.

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The Hydrosphere

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The Hydrosphere
Freswater reserves
On the continents, the majority of water is in solid state, as snow and ice at the poles and mountains. However, the ice and snow are not very useful for man. Liquid inland waters only a small part of groundwater and surface water are useful to humans. The majority of water that the hydrosphere is the form of liquid water. It is the most used by man. But of all the liquid water can only be used fresh water, low in salts. And these are rare, only 3%.
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The Hydrosphere
Water pollution
The use of water by humans always produce pollution through: Discharges from industries and farms. Urban wastewater. Oil spills. Pesticides and fertilizers.

The pollution causes serious environmental damage, kills wildlife and prevents the water is drinkable. To prevent pollution of rivers and seas, waste water must be purified. The purified water is unfit for human consumption but to agricultural or industrial use.
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The Hydrosphere
To learn more
(Follow the links to explore the topic through internet)

The hydrosphere Water source Water cycle Fresh water

(video)

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The Hydrosphere
Vocational and professional guidance
(for an integrated curriculum)

Profession: Hydrographic School

Industry: Watermaker OMS: Water, sanitation and health Ecology: Water pollution
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