1496T_ans_S1-S5 01/03/06 21:56 Page S1

Answers to
Selected Problems

Chapter 2
2.3 (a) 1.66  10 g/amu;
(b) 2.73  1026 atoms/lb-mol
2.14

3.52
3.53

A 1 11n2
r0  a b
nB
A
B
E0  

A 1 11n2
A n 11n2
a b
a b
nB
nB

3.54
3.58
3.59
3.61
3.63

2.15 (c) r0  0.236 nm, E0  5.32 eV

2.19 73.4% for MgO; 14.8% for CdS

Chapter 4

Chapter 3
3.2 VC  1.213  1028 m3
3.8 R  0.138 nm
3.11 (a) VC  1.06  1028 m3;
(b) a  0.296 nm, c  0.468 nm
3.14 Metal B: simple cubic
3.16 (a) n  4 atoms/unit cell;
(b) r  7.31 g/cm3
3.19 VC  6.64  102 nm3
3.22 000, 100, 110, 010, 001, 101, 111, 011,
11
11
11 1 1
1 1
2 2 1, 1 2 2 , 0 2 2 , 2 0 2 , and 2 1 2
3.29 Direction 1: [21 2]
3.31 Direction A: [110];
Direction C: [01 2]
3.32 Direction B: [403];
Direction D: [111]
3.33 (b) [100], [010], and [010]
3.35 Direction A: [1 123]
3.40 Plane A: (111) or (1 11)
3.41 Plane B: (122)
3.42 Plane B: (021)
3.43 (c) [110] or [110]
3.45 (a) (100) and (010)
3.49 (a) (0110)

1
2R12
(b) LD111(Fe)  4.03  109 m1
1
(a) PD111 
2R2 13
(b) PD110(Mo)  1.014  1019 m2
2u  45.88
d111  0.1655 nm
(a) d211  0.1348 nm;
(b) R  0.1429 nm
d200  0.2455 nm, d311  0.1486 nm,
a  0.493 nm

3.51 (a) LD100 

24

11
2 2 0,

4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.10
4.14
4.17
4.20
4.24
4.32
4.34
4.D1

NvN  4.56  104

Qv  1.10 eV/atom
For FCC, r  0.41R
CAg  87.9 at%, CCu  12.1 at%
CCu  1.68 wt%, CPt  98.32 wt%
CCu  41.9 at%, CZn  58.1 at%
NPb  3.30  1028 atoms/m3
a  0.405 nm
NMo  1.73  1022 atoms/cm3
CGe  11.7 wt%
(a) d  0.07 mm
(b) NM  320,000 grains/in.2
CLi  2.38 wt%

Chapter 5
5.6
5.8
5.11
5.15
5.18
5.21

M  4.1  103 kg/h

D  2.3  1011 m2/s
t  31.3 h
t  135 h
T  901 K (628C)
(a) Qd  315.7 kJ/mol,
D0  3.5  104 m2/s;
(b) D  1.1  1014 m2/s
S1

1496T_ans_S1-S5 1/4/06 23:23 Page S2

S2 Answers to Selected Problems

5.24 T  900 K (627C)
5.29 x  15.1 mm
5.D1 Not possible

Chapter 6
6.4 l0  475 mm (18.7 in.)
6.7 (a) F  44,850 N (10,000 lbf);
(b) l  76.25 mm (3.01 in.)
6.9 l  0.43 mm (0.017 in.)
6.12
a

1n21n  12B
dF
2A
b 

311n2
dr r0
A
A 1n2211n2
a b
a b
nB
nB

6.14 (a) l  0.325 mm (0.013 in.);

(b) d  5.9  103 mm
(2.3  104 in.), decrease
6.15 F  7,800 N (1785 lbf)
6.16 n  0.367
6.18 E  100 GPa (14.7  106 psi)
6.21 (a) l  0.15 mm (6.0  103 in.);
(b) d  5.25  103 mm
(2.05  104 in.)
6.23 Steel and brass
6.26 (a) Both elastic and plastic;
(b) l  8.5 mm (0.34 in.)
6.28 (b) E  200 GPa (29  106 psi);
(c) sy  750 MPa (112,000 psi);
(d) TS  1250 MPa (180,000 psi);
(e) %EL  11.2%;
(f) Ur  1.40  106 J/m3 (210 in.-lbf /in.3)
6.31 Figure 6.12: Ur  3.32  105 J/m3
(48.2 in.-lbf /in.3)
6.33 sy  925 MPa (134,000 psi)
6.37 T  0.311
6.39 sT  460 MPa (66,400 psi)
6.41 Toughness  7.33  108 J/m3
(1.07  105 in.-lbf /in.3)
6.43 n  0.246
6.45 (a)  (elastic)  0.009,  (plastic)  0.011;
(b) li  616.7 mm (24.26 in.)
6.47 (a) 125 HB (70 HRB)
6.52 Figure 6.12: sw  125 MPa (18,000 psi)
6.D2 (a) x  3.66 mm; (b) s  5.50 MPa

Chapter 7
7.9
7.11
7.13
7.14

Cu: b  0.2556 nm
cos l cos f  0.490
(b) tcrss  0.90 MPa (130 psi)
tcrss  5.68 MPa (825 psi)

7.15
7.24
7.25
7.28
7.30
7.32
7.37
7.38
7.D1
7.D6

For (111)  31104: sy  1.22 MPa

d  4.34  103 mm
d  6.9  103 mm
rd  8.80 mm
r0  7.2 mm (0.280 in.)
tcrss  6.28 MPa (910 psi)
(a) t  3000 min
(b) d  0.109 mm
Possible
Cold work to between 26 and 27.5%CW
[to d0  9.4 mm (0.37 in.)], anneal, then
cold work to give a final diameter of 7.6
mm (0.30 in.).

Chapter 8
8.1
8.3
8.6
8.8
8.10
8.12
8.14

8.16
8.18
8.19
8.21
8.27
8.28
8.30
8.32
8.33
8.35
8.D4
8.D6

sm  2800 MPa (400,000 psi)

sc  33.6 MPa
Fracture will occur
ac  18.2 mm (0.72 in.)
Is subject to detection since a  3.0 mm
(b) 100C; (c) 110C
(a) smax  280 MPa (40,000 psi),
smin  140 MPa 120,000 psi);
(b) R  0.50;
(c) sr  420 MPa (60,000 psi)
Nf  1  107 cycles
(b) S  100 MPa; (c) Nf  6  105 cycles
(a) t  74 MPa; (c) t  103 MPa
(a) t  30 min; (c) t  27.8 h
t  3.25  102 min1
l  4.9 mm (0.19 in.)
tr  10,000 h
427C: n  5.3
(a) Qc  186,200 J/mol
#
s  4.31  102 (h)1
T  1197 K (924C)
For 1 year: s  110 MPa (16,000 psi)

Chapter 9
9.1 (a)
(b)
(c)
9.5 (b)
9.8 (a)
(c)
(e)
(g)

ms  2846 g;
CL  64 wt% sugar;
ms  1068 g
The pressure must be lowered to approximately 0.0014 atm.
a  b; Ca  5 wt% Sn-95 wt% Pb,
Cb  98 wt% Sn-2 wt% Pb;
b  L; Cb  92 wt% Ag-8 wt% Cu,
CL  77 wt% Ag-23 wt% Cu;
a; Ca  8.2 wt% Sn-91.8 wt% Pb
L  Mg2Pb;
CL  94 wt% Pb-6 wt% Mg,
CMg2Pb  81 wt% Pb-19 wt% Mg

1496T_ans_S1-S5 01/03/06 21:57 Page S3

Answers to Selected Problems S3

9.9 Is possible
9.12 (a) T  1320C (2410F);
(b) Ca  62 wt% Ni-38 wt% Cu;
(c) T  1270C (2320F);
(d) CL  37 wt% Ni-63 wt% Cu
9.14 (a) Wa  0.89, Wb  0.11;
(c) Wb  0.53, WL  0.47;
(e) Wa  1.0;
(g) WL  0.92, WMg2Pb  0.08
9.15 (a) T  280C (535F)
9.18 (a) T  540C (1000F);
(b) Ca  26 wt% Pb; CL  54 wt% Pb
9.19 Ca  88.3 wt% A-11.7 wt% B;
Cb  5.0 wt% A-95.0 wt% B
9.21 Possible at T  800C
9.24 (a) Va  0.84, Vb  0.16
9.30 Not possible because different C0 required
for each situation
9.33 C0  25.2 wt% Ag-74.8 wt% Cu
9.35 Schematic sketches of the microstructures
called for are shown below.
900C
L
(~68 wt% Zn)

Chapter 10
10.3
10.6
10.8
10.10
10.11
10.15
10.18

10.20

10.23
10.27

820C

L
(64 wt% Zn)

750C

9.61 Two answers are possible:

C0  0.84 wt% C and 0.75 wt% C
9.64 HB (alloy)  141
9.66 (a) T(eutectoid)  700C (1290F);
(b) ferrite;
(c) Wa  0.20, Wp  0.80

(~63 wt% Zn)

10.36
10.38
10.39

600C

(64 wt% Zn)

(64 wt% Zn)

10.D1
10.D5

9.42 Eutectics: (1) 10 wt% Au, 217C,

L S a  b; (2) 80 wt% Au, 280C,
L S d  z;
Congruent melting point: 62.5 wt% Au,
418C, L S d
Peritectics: (1) 30 wt% Au, 252C,
L  g S b; (2) 45 wt% Au, 309C,
L  d S g; (3) 92 wt% Au, 490C,
L  h S z.
No eutectoids are present.
9.45 For point A, F  2
9.48 C0  0.69 wt% C
9.51 (a) a-ferrite; (b) 5.64 kg of ferrite, 0.36 kg
of Fe3C; (c) 2.52 kg of proeutectoid ferrite,
3.48 kg of pearlite
9.53 C0  0.63 wt% C
9.55 C1  1.41 wt% C
9.58 Not possible

r*  1.10 nm
t  500 s
r  8.76  103 min1
y  0.65
(c) t  250 days
(b) 205 HB (93 HRB)
(a) 100% bainite; (d) 100% spheroidite;
(e) 100% tempered martensite;
(g) 100% fine pearlite
(a) martensite; (c) bainite; (e) cementite,
medium pearlite, bainite, and martensite;
(g) proeutectoid cementite, pearlite, and
martensite
(a) coarse pearlite
(a) proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite;
(c) martensite and bainite
(d) 87 HRB; (g) 27 HRC
(b) TS  930 MPa (135,000 psi)
(b) Rapidly cool to about 630C (1170F),
hold for about 25 s, then cool to room
temperature.
Yes; coarse pearlite
Temper at between 320 and 400C (610
and 750F) for 1 h

Chapter 11
11.4
11.21
11.22
11.D10
11.D11
11.D15

VGr  8.1 vol%

(a) At least 915C (1680F)
(b) 800C (1470F)
Maximum diameter  50 mm (2 in.)
Maximum diameter  95 mm (3.75 in.)
Heat for about 0.4 h at 204C, or between
10 and 20 h at 149C

Chapter 12
12.5
12.7
12.8
12.10
12.14
12.16

(a) Sodium chloride; (d) cesium chloride

APF  0.79
(a) FCC; (b) tetrahedral; (c) one-half
(a) tetrahedral; (b) one-half
(a) a  0.437 nm; (b) a  0.434 nm
(a) r(calculated)  4.11 g/cm3;
(b) r(measured)  4.10 g/cm3

1496T_ans_S1-S5 01/03/06 21:58 Page S4

S4 Answers to Selected Problems

12.18
12.20
12.22
12.24
12.34
12.36
12.37
12.39
12.42
12.43
12.46
12.48

(a) r  4.20 g/cm3

Sodium chloride and zinc blende
APF  0.84
APF  0.68
(a) Li vacancy; one Li vacancy for every
Ca2 added
(a) 8.1% of Mg2 vacancies
(a) C  45.9 wt% Al2O3-54.1 wt% SiO2
rt  4.1 nm
R  9.1 mm (0.36 in.)
Ff  17,200 N (3870 lbf)
(a) E0  265 GPa (38.6  106 psi);
(b) E  195 GPa (28.4  106 psi)
(b) P  0.144

Chapter 13
13.4
13.6
13.7
13.13

(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)

T  2240C (4060F)
WL  0.73
T  2800C; pure MgO
Qvis  208 kJ/mol

Chapter 14
DP  4800
(a) Mn  49,800 g/mol; (c) DP  498
(a) CCl  29.0 wt%
L  2682 nm; r  22.5 nm
9333 of both acrylonitrile and butadiene
repeat units
14.18 Vinyl chloride
14.21 f (styrene)  0.32, f (butadiene)  0.68
14.25 (a) ra  1.300 g/cm3, rc  1.450 g/cm3;
(b) % crystallinity  57.4%
14.3
14.5
14.8
14.9
14.16

Chapter 15
Er (10)  3.66 MPa (522 psi)
TS  112.5 MPa
Fraction sites vulcanized  0.174
Fraction of repeat unit sites crosslinked 
0.356
15.37 (a) m(ethylene glycol)  7.473 kg;
(b) m[poly(ethylene terephthalate)] 
25.304 kg
15.3
15.14
15.22
15.24

Chapter 16
16.2
16.6
16.9
16.10

kmax  31.0 W/m-K; kmin  28.7 W/m-K

tc  43.1 MPa
Not possible
Ef  104 GPa (15  106 psi);
Em  2.6 GPa (3.77  105 psi)

16.13 (a) Ff Fm  44.7;

(b) Ff  52,232 N (11,737 lbf),
Fm  1168 N (263 lbf);
(c) sf  242 MPa (34,520 psi);
sm  4.4 MPa (641 psi);
(d)   1.84  103
16.15 s*cl  905 MPa (130,700 psi)
16.17 s*cd  822 MPa (117,800 psi)
16.26 (b) Ecl  59.7 GPa (8.67  106 psi)
16.D2 Carbon (PAN standard-modulus)
16.D3 Is possible

Chapter 17
17.4 (a) V  0.011 V;
(b) Sn2  Pb S Sn  Pb2
17.6 [Cu2]  0.784 M
17.11 t  5.27 yr
17.14 CPR  36.5 mpy
17.17 (a) r  4.56  1012 mol/cm2-s;
(b) VC  0.0167 V
17.28 Mg: P-B ratio  0.81; nonprotective
17.30 (a) Parabolic kinetics;
(b) W  3.70 mg/cm2

Chapter 18
18.2 d  1.3 mm
18.5 (a) R  6.7  103 ; (b) I  6.0 A;
(c) J  3.06  105 A/m2;
(d) e  8.0  103 V/m
18.11 (a) n  1.98  1029 m3;
(b) 3.28 free electrons/atom
18.14 (a) r0  1.58  108 -m,
a  6.5  1011 ( -m)/C;
(b) A  1.18  106 -m;
(c) r  5.24  108 -m
18.16 s  5.56  106 ( -m)1
18.18 (a) for Si, 6  1013; for Ge, 1.1  109
18.25 s  0.028 ( -m)1
18.29 (a) p  6.42  1021 m3;
(b) n-type extrinsic
18.31 me  0.50 m2/V-s; mh  0.14 m2/V-s
18.33 s  94.4 ( -m)1
18.37 s  1040 ( -m)1
18.39 s  128 ( -m)1
18.42 Bz  0.74 tesla
18.49 l  3.36 mm (0.135 in.)
18.53 pi  1.92  1030 C-m
18.55 (a) V  40 V; (b) V  139 V;
(e) P  2.21  107 C/m2
18.58 Fraction of r due to Pi  0.67

1496T_ans_S1-S5 01/03/06 21:58 Page S5

Answers to Selected Problems S5

18.D2 s  2.60  107 ( -m)1
18.D3 Not possible

Chapter 19
19.2
19.4
19.8
19.14
19.15
19.22
19.26
19.27
19.28
19.D1
19.D4

Tf  65C (149F)
(a) cv  47.8 J/kg-K; (b) cv  392 J/kg-K
l  12.5 mm (0.49 in.)
Tf  222.4C
(b) dQdt  2.88  109 J/h
(2.73  106 Btu/h)
k(upper)  29.3 W/m-K
(a) s  136 MPa (20,000 psi);
compression
Tf  41.3C (106F)
d  0.0375 mm
Tf  41.8C (107.3F)
Soda-lime glass: Tf  111C

Chapter 20
20.1 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
20.5 (a)
(b)

H  24,000 A-turns/m;
B0  3.017  102 tesla;
B  3.018  102 tesla;
M  7.51 A/m
m  1.26  106 H/m;
xm  2.39  103

20.7 (a) Ms  1.73  106 A/m

20.13 1.07 Bohr magnetons/Cu2 ion
20.19 (b) mi  2.5  104 H/m, mri  200;
(c) m(max)  3.0  102 H/m
20.21 (b) (i) m  3.2  102 H/m,
(iii) xm  25,456
20.25 Ms  1.58  106 A/m
20.28 (a) 2.5 K: 5.62  104 A/m; (b) 6.29 K

Chapter 21
21.7 v  1.28  108 m/s
21.8 Fused silica: 0.53; polystyrene: 0.98
21.9 Fused silica: r  2.13; polyethylene:
r  2.28
21.16 ITI0  0.884
21.18 l  29.2 mm
21.27 E  1.78 eV

Chapter 22

s2y3
1E
; strength: P 
r
r
22.D7 (a) F  36.8 N (8.6 lbf)
(b) F  47.7 N (11.1 lbf)
22.D3 (a) Stiffness: P