f ( x) d

[ f ( x) ]
dx
xn nx n −1
sin x cos x
cos x -sin x
tan x sec 2 x
csc x -csc x cot x
sec x sec x tan x
cot x − csc 2 x
ln x 1
x
ex ex
Constant zero
INTEGRATION:

x n +1
∫ x dx = + c, n ≠ −1
n

n +1

cos k x
∫ sin kx dx = − k
+c

sin kx
∫ cos kx dx = k
+c

∫ sec x dx = tan x + c
2

∫ csc xdx = − cot x + c

2

∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + c

∫ csc x cot x dx = − csc x + c

1
∫ x dx = ln x +c

∫e dx = e x + c
x
 1
∫ 1− x 2
dx = sin −1 x + c

1
∫1+ x 2
dx = tan −1 x + c

1
∫x x −12
dx = sec −1 x + c

ax
∫ a dx = +c
x

ln a

Standard Results on Integration

1.
d
dx
{∫ f ( x ) dx} = f ( x )

2. ∫ c. f ( x ) dx = c.∫ f ( x ) dx, where c is any constant

3. ∫ [ c f ( x ) ± c . f ( x ) ± ... ± c . f ( x ) ] dx
1 1 2 2 n n

= c1 .∫ f 1 ( x ) dx ± c 2 . ∫ f 2 ( x ) dx ± ... ± c n ∫ f n ( x ) dx.

Where ci , i =1,2...., n are constants.

dx 1  x
. ∫x 2
+a 2
= tan −1   + c
a a

dx 1 x−a
2. ∫x 2
−a 2
=
2a
ln
x+a
+c

dx 1 a+x
3. ∫a 2
−x 2
=
2a
ln
a−x
+c

dx  x
4. ∫ a −x2 2
= sin −1   + c
a
 dx
5. ∫ x −a
2 2
= ln x + x 2 − a 2 +c

dx
6. ∫ a +x
2 2
= ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c

x a2  x
7. ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx =
2
a2 − x2 +
2
sin −1   + c
a

x a2
8. ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx =
2
x2 − a2 −
2
ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c

x a2
∫ x +a dx = x +a + ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c
2 2 2 2
9.
2 2

Properties of Definite Integral

b b

1. ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( t ) dt
a a
b a

2. ∫ f ( x ) dx = − ∫ f ( x ) dx
a b
b c b

3. ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx, a < c < b

a a c
a a

4. ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx
0 0
b b b

5. ∫ { f ( x ) ± g ( x ) } dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx
a a a

Odd Function : A function f(x) is said to be an odd function of x, if

f ( − x) = − f ( x)
Even function : A function f(x) is said to be an even function of x, if
f ( − x) = f ( x)
 a  0, f ( x) is an odd function
 a
6. ∫ f ( x ) dx = 2∫ f ( x ) dx, f ( x) is an even function
−a 
 0
INTEGRAL FORMULAS

.
11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.
23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

sech or
30.

csch or
31.

sech
32.

csch 2 u du =-coth u
33.
34. coth 2 u du = u -coth u

35.

36.

37.

sech sech u
38.

csch ucoth u du = -csch u

39.

40.

coth
41.

42.

43.

or
44.
45.

46.

47.

48.

COMMON SUBSTITUTIONS
1.

where

2.

where
3.

where
4.
 where
5.

where
6.

where
7.

where
8.

where
9.