Department of Information Technology

OOPS THROUGH JAVA Lab Manual for the Academic Year 2007-2008

II B. Tech

Guru Nanak Engineering College

Ibrahimpatnam, R R District 501 506 (A. P.)

In-charge Principal

HOD

Prepared by: D. RAMA RAO G. PRABHAKAR RAJU

Approved & Reviewed by:

Issued by:

w.e.f Date:

Guru Nanak Engineering College

Ibrahimpatnam, R R District 501 506 (A. P.)

Department of Information Technology

Lab Manual for the Academic Year 2007-08 (In accordance with JNTU syllabus)

SUBJECT SUBJECT CODE SEMESTER STREAM INSTRUCTOR

: : : : : :

JAVA LAB CS (05338) II - II Information Technology D. RAMA RAO G. PRABHAKAR RAJU 1) G. SRINIVASULU 2) M.B. NEELAKANTESHWARA REDDY

PROGRAMMERS

Head IT

Guru Nanak Engineering College

Ibrahimpatnam, R R District 501 506 (A. P.)

Department of Information Technology

Lab Manual for the Academic Year 2007-08 (In accordance with JNTU syllabus)
Suggestions from Principal:

Enhancement if any:

Comments:

S.No 1 2 3

Contents Lab Objective Introduction About Lab Guidelines to Students List of Lab Exercises 4 4.1 Syllabus Programs (JNTU) 4.2 Additional and Advanced Programs Description about Oops Concepts Solutions for Programs Solutions for Additional Programs References

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Lab Objective 1) Introduction to object oriented programming concepts- java as an object oriented programming language. Introduction to java application and appletscontrol structures-methods-arrays. 2) Object based and object oriented programming creating packages-using overloaded constructors-static class variables-data abstraction and information hiding-relation between super class objects and subclass objects composition verses inheritance-polymorphism- dynamic method binding abstract super classes and concrete super classes inheriting interface-use of inner classes and wrapper classes-String to kenizer and String Suffer classes. 3) Role of object oriented programming in designing GUI Graphs and Java20overview of swing- event handling, adapter classes and layout managers. Advance GUI components- JPopup Menus- JDesktopPane- advance layout managers. 4) Exception handling and multithreading in object oriented programming- When exception handling should be used-java exception handling exceptions and inheritance-multithreading in java-thread synchronization-daemon threads Runnable interface- Files and streams in java. 5) Network and Database handling through object oriented programming using JOSC processing queries-overview of servlet introduction to networking establishing a simple server and a client introduction to RMI implementing the remote interface.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT LAB There are 66 systems ( Compaq Presario ) installed in this Lab. Their configurations are as follows : Processor RAM Hard Disk Mouse : Network Interface card Software 1 All systems are configured in DUAL BOOT mode i.e, Students can boot from Windows XP or Linux as per their lab requirement. This is very useful for students because they are familiar with different Operating Systems so that they can execute their programs in different programming environments. 2 Each student has a separate login for database access Oracle 9i client version is installed in all systems. On the server, account for each student has been created. This is very useful because students can save their work ( scenarios, pl/sql programs, data related projects ,etc) in their own accounts. Each student work is safe and secure from other students. 3 Latest Technologies like DOT NET and J2EE are installed in some systems. Before submitting their final project, they can start doing mini project from 2nd year onwards. MASM ( Macro Assembler ) is installed in all the systems Students can execute their assembly language programs using MASM. MASM is very useful students because when they execute their programs they can see contents of Processor Registers and how each instruction is being executed in the CPU. 1 Rational Rose Software is installed in some systems Using this software, students can depict UML diagrams of their projects. 2 3 4 Software installed : C, C++, JDK1.5, MASM, OFFICE-XP, J2EE and DOT NET, Rational Rose. Systems are provided for students in the 1:1 ratio. Systems are assigned numbers and same system is allotted for students when they do the lab. : : : : AMD Athelon 1.67 GHz 40 GB Present 256 MB Optical Mouse

GUIDELINES TO STUDENTS:
1 Equipment in the lab for the use of student community. Students need to maintain a proper decorum in the computer lab. Students must use the equipment with care. Any damage is caused is punishable. Students are required to carry their observation / programs book with completed exercises while entering the lab.

Students are supposed to occupy the machines allotted to them and are not supposed to talk or make noise in the lab. The allocation is put up on the lab notice board.

Lab can be used in free time / lunch hours by the students who need to use the systems should take prior permission from the lab in-charge.

Lab records need to be submitted on or before date of submission.

Students are not supposed to use floppy disks

Lab Programs

OOPS THROUGH JAVA Lab schedules

Submissions should includea) b) c) d) e) f) g) Aim of the program Description Procedure Algorithm Program( printout, which includes Name, rollno, date on the top) Expected output Observed output.

Week 1 1 2 3 4 Week-2 5 6 7 Week-3 8 10 11 12 Week -4 13 14 15 16 Week-5 17 18 19 Week-6 20

Write a Java program to find simple Interest. Defining a class called Student. Observe the members of the class i.e the data and functions. Program on Method overloading Program on Constructor overloading Program on usage of final keyword Using Static key in a variable Java Program using Object reference variables Program on inheritance. Write a java program that prompts the user for an integer and then prints out all prime numbers up to that integer. Write a java program that checks whether a given string is palindrome or not. Ex: MADAM is a palindrome. Write a java program to find the biggest & smallest number from the given array of 10 integers. Write a java program to sort given array of 10 integers in ascending & descending order. Write a java program to delete an element from an array of 10 elements. Write a java program to add two given matrices. Write a java program that prints transpose of a given matrix. Write a java program to multiply two given matrices. Write a java program for sorting a given list of names in ascending order. Write a java program to display literal values of all the elements in a given matrix. Write a java program that reads a line of integers, and then displays each integer, and the sum of all the integers (use string tokenizer class).

21 22 23 Week-7 24 25 26 Week-8 27 28 29 30 31 Week-9 31 32 Week-10 33 Week-11 34 35 Week 12 36 37 38 Week-13 39 40 Week-14 41 42 Week-15 43

Write a java program to create an ordinary file. Write a java program to copy contents from one file into another file. Write a java program to display the contents in a given file. Write a java program reads one file name from the user then displays information about whether the file exists, whether the file is readable, whether the file is writable, the type of file and the length of the files in bytes. Write a java program that reads a file and display file on the screen, line number before each line. Write a java program that displays the numbers of characters, lines and words in a text file. Write a java program to implement inheritance and overloading methods. Write a java program to create a package and importing the package. Write a java program that implements stack ADT. Write a java program to convert infix expression into postfix form. Write a java program to implement exception handling. Write an applet that displays a simple message Creating a moving banner applet. Write an applet that computes the payment of a loan based on the amount of the loan, the interest rate and the number of months. It takes one parameter from the browser: Monthly rate; if true, the interest is per month; Other wise the interest rate is annual. Write a java program that works as a simple calculator. Use a grid layout to arrange buttons for the digits and for the + - * % operations. Add a text field to display the result. Write a java program to for handling mouse events. Write a java program for creating a thread using Thread class. Write a java program for creating a thread by implementing runnable interface. Write a java program for creating a multiple threads Write a java program that correctly implements producer consumer problem using the concept of inter thread communication. Write a java program that lets users create pie charts. Design your own user interface (with swing & AWT) Write a java program that allows the user to draw-lines, rectangles etc.. Write a java program that illustrates how run time polymorphism is achieved. Write a java program that implements a simple client/server application. The client sends data to a server. The server receives the data, uses it to produce a result, an then sends the result back to the client. The client displays the result n the console. For Ex. The data sent from the client is the radius of a circle, and the result produced by the server is the area of the circle.

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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING:

OOP Concepts:
The object oriented paradigm is built on the foundation laid by the structured programming concepts. The fundamental change in OOP is that a program is designed around the data being operated upon rather upon the operations themselves. Data and its functions are encapsulated into a single entity.OOP facilitates creating reusable code that can eventually save a lot of work. A feature called polymorphism permits to create multiple definitions for operators and functions. Another feature called inheritance permits to derive new classes from old ones. OOP introduces many new ideas and involves a different approach to programming than the procedural programming.

Benefits of object oriented programming:

Data security is enforced. Inheritance saves time. User defined data types can be easily constructed. Inheritance emphasizes inventions of new data types. Large complexity in the software development cn be easily managed. Basic C++ Knowledge: C++ began its life in Bell Labs, where Bjarne Stroustrup developed the language in the early 1980s. C++ is a powerful and flexible programming language. Thus, with minor exceptions, C++ is a superset of the C Programming language. The principal enhancement being the object oriented concept of a class. A Class is a user defined type that encapsulates many important mechanisms. Classes enable programmers to break an application up into small, manageable pieces, or objects.

Basic concepts of Objectoriented programming:

Object: Objects are the basic run time entities in an object-oriented system. thy may represent a person, a place,a bank account,a table of data or any item that the program has to handle. class: the entire set of data and code of an object can be made of auserdefined data type with the help of a clss. in fact,Objects are variables of the type class. once a class has been defined ,we can create any number of objects belonging to that class. A class is thus a collection of objects of similar type. for example:mango,apple,and orange are members of the class fruit. ex: fruit mango; will create an object mango belonging to the class fruit.

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Data Abstraction and Encapsulation: the wrapping up of data and functions in to a single unit is known as encapsulation. Data encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. the data is not accessabile to the outside world,and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access. this insulation of the data from direct access by the program is calld data hiding. Abstraction : abstraction referes to the act of representing esseential feartures without including the background details or explanations. since the classes use the concept of data abstraction ,thy are known as abstraction data type(ADT). Inheritance : interitance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properities of objects of another class. Inheritance supports the concept of hierarchical classification. for example: Bird
Attributes: Feathers Lay eggs

Flying bird
Attributes: --------------------

Non flying bird

Attributes: ---------------------

Robin
Attributes: _________

Swallow
Attributes: _________

Penguin
Attributes: _________

Kiwi
Attributes: _________

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the bird 'robin ' is a part of the class 'flying bird' which is agian a part of the class 'bird'. the concept of inheritance provide the idea of reusability. POLYMORPHISM: Polymorphism is another important oop concept. Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. an operation may exhibit different instances. The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation. The process of making an operator to exhibit different behaviors in different instance is known as operator overloading. Polymorphism plays an important role in allowing objects having different internal structures to share the same external interface. Polymorphism is extensively used if implementing inheritance. Shape Draw()

Circle Object Draw()

Box Object Draw()

Triangle Object Draw()

The Object-Oriented Approach

The fundamental idea behind object-oriented languages is to combine into a single program entity both data and the functions that operate on that data. Such an entity is called an object. An object's functions, called member functions in C++ (because they belong to a particular class of objects), typically provide the only way to access its data. If you want to read a data item in an object, you call a member function in the object. It will read the item and return the value to you. You can't access the data directly. The data is hidden, so it is safe from accidental alteration. Data and its functions are said to be encapsulated into a single entity. Encapsulation and data hiding are key terms in the description of objectoriented languages.

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Java History:
Java is a general-purpose; object oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems of USA in 1991. Originally called oak by James Gosling, one of the inventors if the language. This goal had a strong impact on the development team to make the language simple, portable, highly reliable and powerful language. Java also adds some new features. While C++ is a superset of C. Java is neither a superset nor a subset of C or C++.

C++ C Java

Data Types
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Objectives Having read this section you should be able to: declare (name) a local variable as being one of C's five data types initialise local variables perform simple arithmetic using local variables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------There are five basic data types associated with variables: int - integer: a whole number. float - floating point value: ie a number with a fractional part. double - a double-precision floating point value. char - a single character. void - valueless special purpose type which we will examine closely in later sections. One of the confusing things about the C language is that the range of values and the amount of storage that each of these types takes is not defined. This is because in each case the 'natural' choice is made for each type of machine. You can call variables what you like, although it helps if you give them sensible names that give you a hint of what

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they're being used for - names like sum, total, average and so on. If you are translating a formula then use variable names that reflect the elements used in the formula. For example, 2pr (that should read as "2 pi r" but that depends upon how your browser has been set-up) would give local variables names of pi and r. Remember, C programmers tend to prefer short names! Note: all C's variables must begin with a letter or a "_" (underscore) character. DATA TYPES IN JAVA

Primitive (intrinsic)

Non-Primitive (Derived)

Numeric

Non-Numeric

Class

Arrays

Integer

Floating-point

Character

Boolean

Interface Integer

Floating point

Byte

Short

Int

Long Float Double

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Integer Number Variables

The first type of variable we need to know about is of class type int - short for integer. An int variable can store a value in the range -32768 to +32767. You can think of it as a largish positive or negative whole number: no fractional part is allowed. To declare an int you use the instruction: int variable name;

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For example: int a; declares that you want to create an int variable called a. To assign a value to our integer variable we would use the following C statement: a=10; The C programming language uses the "=" character for assignment. A statement of the form a=10; should be interpreted as take the numerical value 10 and store it in a memory location associated with the integer variable a. The "=" character should not be seen as an equality otherwise writing statements of the form: a=a+10; will get mathematicians blowing fuses! This statement should be interpreted as take the current value stored in a memory location associated with the integer variable a; add the numerical value 10 to it and then replace this value in the memory location associated with a. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Decimal Number Variables

As described above, an integer variable has no fractional part. Integer variables tend to be used for counting, whereas real numbers are used in arithmetic. C uses one of two keywords to declare a variable that is to be associated with a decimal number: float and double. They are each offer a different level of precision as outlined below. float A float, or floating point, number has about seven digits of precision and a range of about 1.E-36 to 1.E+36. A float takes four bytes to store. double A double, or double precision, number has about 13 digits of precision and a range of about 1.E-303 to 1.E+303. A double takes eight bytes to store. For example: float total; double sum; To assign a numerical value to our floating point and double precision variables we would use the following C statement: total=0.0; sum=12.50; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Character Variables
C only has a concept of numbers and characters. It very often comes as a surprise to some programmers who learnt a beginner's language such as BASIC that C has no understanding of strings but a string is only an array of characters and C does have a concept of arrays which we shall be meeting later in this course. To declare a variable of type character we use the keyword char. - A single character stored in one byte. For example: char c; To assign, or store, a character value in a char data type is easy - a character variable is just a symbol enclosed by single quotes. For example, if c is a char variable you can store the letter A in it using the following C statement: c='A' Notice that you can only store a single character in a char variable. Later we will be discussing using character strings, which has a very real potential for confusion because a string constant is written between double quotes. But for the moment remember that a char variable is 'A' and not "A". --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assignment Statement
Once you've declared a variable you can use it, but not until it has been declared attempts to use a variable that has not been defined will cause a compiler error. Using a variable means storing something in it. You can store a value in a variable using: name = value; For example: a=10; stores the value 10 in the int variable a. What could be simpler? Not much, but it isn't actually very useful! Who wants to store a known value like 10 in a variable so you can use it later? It is 10, always was 10 and always will be 10. What makes variables useful is that you can use them to store the result of some arithmetic. Consider four very simple mathematical operations: add, subtract, multiply and divide. Let us see how C would use these operations on two float variables a and b. add a+b subtract a-b multiply a*b divide a/b Note that we have used the following characters from C's character set: + for add - for subtract * for multiply / for divide BE CAREFUL WITH ARITHMETIC!!! What is the answer to this simple calculation? a=10/3

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The answer depends upon how a was declared. If it was declared as type int the answer will be 3; if a is of type float then the answer will be 3.333. It is left as an exercise to the reader to find out the answer for a of type char. Two points to note from the above calculation: C ignores fractions when doing integer division! when doing float calculations integers will be converted into float. We will see later how C handles type conversions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Arithmetic Ordering
Whilst we are dealing with arithmetic we want to remind you about something that everyone learns at junior school but then we forget it. Consider the following calculation: a=10.0 + 2.0 * 5.0 - 6.0 / 2.0 What is the answer? If you think its 27 go to the bottom of the class! Perhaps you got that answer by following each instruction as if it was being typed into a calculator. A computer doesn't work like that and it has its own set of rules when performing an arithmetic calculation. All mathematical operations form a hierarchy which is shown here. In the above calculation the multiplication and division parts will be evaluated first and then the addition and subtraction parts. This gives an answer of 17. Note: To avoid confusion use brackets. The following are two different calculations: a=10.0 + (2.0 * 5.0) - (6.0 / 2.0) a=(10.0 + 2.0) * (5.0 - 6.0) / 2.0 You can freely mix int, float and double variables in expressions. In nearly all cases the lower precision values are converted to the highest precision values used in the expression. For example, the expression f*i, where f is a float and i is an int, is evaluated by converting the int to a float and then multiplying. The final result is, of course, a float but this may be assigned to another data type and the conversion will be made automatically. If you assign to a lower precision type then the value is truncated and not rounded. In other words, in nearly all cases you can ignore the problems of converting between types.

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Process of building and running java application programs:

Text Editor

Java Source Code

Javadoc

HTML files

Javac

Java Class File

Javah

Header Files

Java (only file name)

Jdb (database)

Java progra m Output The way these tools are applied to build and run application programs is create a program. We need create a source code file using a text editor. The source code is then compiled using the java compiler javac and executed using the java interpreter java. The java debugger jdb is used to find errors. A complied java program can be converted into a source code. ARRAYS, STRINGS AND STRINGBUFFERS Arrays are used to stroe large number data of same data types. which are grouped together and called by a common name.These are called elements of the array. Arrays can store both primitive data types and objects.but they must be of same type.These elements are stored in contiguous memory locations. Arrays are ordered in the sense that each element is indexed. starting from 0 and can be retreived based on the indexed value.Arrays in java unlike in C are objects, and are of fixed size. STRINGS

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A String is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes and is treated as a single unit.Unlike c/c++ string in java is an object from class string.A string in java does not terminate with a null character(\o).A string may be assigned in declaration to a string reference.The declaration String age="old"; initializes a String reference age to refer to the anonymous string object "old". String Concatenation String can be concatenated with + operator. String concatenation using string references public class StringConcatenation { public static void main(String args[]){ String first_name="Nagesh"; String last_name="Rao"; String sir_name = "Sure"; String concat1=sir_name+first_name+last_name; String concat2= sir_name+"'+first_name+""+last_name; System.out.println(concat1); System.out.println(concat1); System.out.println(concat2); } } OUTPUT: SureNegeshRao Sure Negesh Rao The length(size) of a string can be found with the string method length().Two string can be compared with equals() method, if both strings are same, the method returns a boolean value of true and if not false. In equals() method the case ( upper or lower) of the letters will be taken into consideration and if case is not a matter, th method equalsIgnoreCase() may be used. The operator. == is used to compare two objects references to see if they refer the same instance. using equals(), equalsIgnoreCase() and to see the differece between the usage of equals and() and == public class StringComparision{ public static void main(String args[]) { String s1 = "java" String s2 = "java" String s3 = "java" String s4 = s1; System.out.println("Length of the string s1= "+s1.lenght()); System.out.println("s1(java)equals s2(java):"+ s1.equals(s2)); System.out.println("s1(java) equalsIgnoreCaseS2(java):+s1.equalsignoreCase(s2)); System.out.println("s1(java) == s2(java):" + s1==s2); System.out.println("s2(java) == s3(java):" +s2== s3); System.out.println("s1(java)==s4(java):" + s1==s4); }

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} OUTPUT: Length of the String s1 =4 s1(java) equals s2(java): false s1(java)equalsignorecases2(java):true s1(java)==s2(java):false s2(java)==s3(java): false s1(java)== s4(java): false The method compareTo() can also be used to compare two string but comparision is done lexographically(that is letter by letter in a dictionary order(). Method compareTo() returns 0 if both strings are equal, a negative number if the string that invokes compareTo is less than the string that is passed an an argument and a positive number if the string that invokes compareTo is greater than the string that is passed as an argument.A part of a string can be copied with the method substring() method. STRINGBUFFERS Class: Once a String object is created, its contents can never be changed. That is to say Strings are immutable and if tried to change a nbew reference is created.This can be overcome by using the objects of class StringBuffer. With StringBuffer strings can be manipulated dynamically. String objects are constant strings and StringBuffer objects are modifiable strings. Program on finding the length and capacity of a StringBuffer object. Public class LengthCapacity { Public static void main(String args[]){ StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer(); StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer(ObjectOne); System.out.println(Length of sb1 = +sb.lenth()); System.out.println(Length of sb2 = sb2.lenght()); System.out.println(Capacity of sb1 = sb1.capacity()); System.out.println(Capacity of sb2 = sb2.capacity()); } } OUTPUT Length of sb1 = 0 Length of sb2 = 9 Capacity of sb1 = 16 Capacity of sb2 = 25

MULTITHREADING
Multithreading allows two parts of the same program to run concurrently. This article discusses how to pull off this performance-improving feat in Java. It is excerpted from chapter 10 of the book Java Demystified, written by Jim Keogh (McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2004; ISBN: 0072254548

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Multitasking is performing two or more tasks at the same time. Nearly all operating systems are capable of multitasking by using one of two multitasking techniques: process-based multitasking and thread-based multitasking. Process-based multitasking is running two programs concurrently. Programmers refer to a program as a process. Therefore, you could say that process-based multitasking is program-based multitasking. Thread-based multitasking is having a program perform two tasks at the same time. For example, a word processing program can check the spelling of words in a document while you write the document. This is thread-based multitasking. A good way to remember the difference between process-based multitasking and threadbased multitasking is to think of process-based as working with multiple programs and thread-based as working with parts of one program. Main thread ______________ ______________ ___________

Thread A _________ _________ _________ _________

Thread B _________ _________ _________ _________

Thread C _________ _________ _________ _________

The objective of multitasking is to utilize the idle time of the CPU. Think of the CPU as the engine of your car. Your engine keeps running regardless of whether the car is moving. Your objective is to keep your car moving as much as possible so you can get the most miles from a gallon of gas. An idling engine wastes gas. The same concept applies to the CPU in your computer. You want your CPU cycles to be processing instructions and data rather than waiting for something to process. A CPU cycle is somewhat similar to your engine running. It may be hard to believe, but the CPU idles more than it processes in many desktop computers. Lets say that you are using a word processor to write a document. For the most part, the CPU is idle until you enter a character from the keyboard or move the mouse. Multitasking is designed to use the fraction of a second between strokes to process instructions from either another program or from a different part of the same program. Making efficient use of the CPU may not be too critical for applications running on a desktop computer because most of us rarely need to run concurrent programs or run parts of the same program at the same time. However, programs that run in a networked

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environment, such as those that process transactions from many computers, need to make a CPUs idle time productive.

LIFE CYCLE OF A THREAD: New born state:

We created a thread object, the thread is born and is said to be in newborn state. The thread is not yet scheduled for running. Schedule it for running using start() method. Kill it using stop() method.

Runnable state:

The runnable state means that the thread is ready for execution and is waiting for the availability of the processor. That is, the thread has joined the queue of threads that are waiting for execution. If all threads have equal priority, then they are given time slots for execution in round robin, first-come, first-serve manner. If we want a thread to relinquish control to another thread of equal priority before its turn comes, we can do so by using the yield() method.

New thread

Newborn
stop start

Active Thread

stop

Running
yield

Runnable

Dead
Killed Thread

Suspend sleep wait

Resume notify

stop

Idle Thread (not Runnable)

Blocked

Running state:
Running means that the processor has given its time to the thread for its execution. The thread runs until it relinquishes control on its own or it is preempted by a higher priority thread. Suspend () method:

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A suspended thread can be revived by using the resume () method. This approach is useful when we want to suspend a thread for some time due to certain reason, but do not want to kill it. Sleep() method: We can put a thread to sleep for a specified time period using the method sleep (time) where time is in milliseconds. This means that the thread is out of the queue during this time period.the thread re-enters the runnable state as soon as this time period is elapsed. Notify () method: It has been told to wait until some event occurs. This is done using the wait () method. The thread can be scheduled to run again using the notify () method.

Blocked state:
A thread is said to be blocked when it is prevented from entering into the runnable state and subsequently the running state. This happens when the thread is suspended, sleeping , or waiting in order to satisfy certain requirements. A blocked thread is considered not runnable but not dead and therefore fully qualified to run again. Dead state: Every thread has a life cycle. A running thread ends its life when is has completed executing its run() method. We can kill it by sending the stop message to it at any state thus causing a premature death to it. A thread can be killed as soon it is born, or while it is running, or even when it is in not runnable (blocked) condition.

EXCEPTION HANDLING
Exceptions : Exceptions are part of the inheritance hierarchy and are derived from the Throwable class.That is an exception is an instance of the Throwable class. Error: This class describes internal errors,such as out of disk space etc.The user can only be informed about such errors and so objects of these cannot be thrown. Exceptions Two classes shown above are derived from this class Run Time Exception Exceptions that inherit from this class include a bad cast. out of bound array access a null pointer acess. These problems arise out of wrong programming logic and must be corrected by the programmer himself. Some of these exceptions are Arithmetic Exception NullPointer Exception

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ClassCast Exception ArrayIndexOutBounds Exception. Other exceptions :These include exceptions for multithreading, malformed URL,reading past end of file etc. Some of the subclasses: IOException AWTException ClassNotFoundException IllegalAcessException Throwing Exceptions A method tha returns a value can also be made to throw an exception. What is exception handling? An exception signifies an illegal, invalid or unexcected, issue during program execution. Since exceptions are always assumed to be anticipated., you need to provide appropriate exception handling What are the keywords that are frequently used in exception handling? The important keywords of exception handling are try and catch and they are not methods, but generally termed as try block and catch block and in these blocks we write the handling code. As usual each block contains statements delimeted by braces ({}).The statements that are suspected to raise the exceptions ae written in try block and the statements to handle the situation when the try block statements raises an exception are written in catch block(like catch(ArithmeticException ae) Example: Public class Arrayindex{ Public static void main(String args[]) { Int marks[]={10,20,30,40,50} Try{ System.out.println(marks[10]); } Catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ai) { System.out.println(Hello! Exceptions is caught by me +ai); } Finally { System.out.println(This executes irrespective of raising of an exception); } System.out.println(marks[4]=+marks[4]); } } Multiple catch Blocks In some cases a method may have to catch different types of exceptions. Java supports multiple catch blocks, that is a single try block can contain any number of catch blocks. A precation to be observed is each block must specify a different type of exception.

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Public class MultipleCatch { Public static void main(String args[]) { Int a=8, b=0, c, d, marks[]={10,20,30,40,50}; Try C= a/b; System.out.println(a/b = +c); d=marks[10]; System.out.println(marks[10]=+d); } Catch(ArrayIndexOutBoundException aie){ System.out.println(Exception caught by me is +aie); } Catch(ArithmeticException e) { Syetem.out.println(Excepion caught by me is +e); } Catch(Exception e) { System.out.pritnln(From Exception :+e); } } }

APPLETS
An applet is a program written in the Java programming language that can be included in an HTML page, much in the same way an image is included in a page. When you use a Java technology-enabled browser to view a page that contains an applet, the applet's code is transferred to your system and executed by the browser's Java Virtual Machine (JVM). For information and examples on how to include an applet in an HTML page, refer to this description of the <APPLET> tag. Java Plug-in software enables enterprise customers to direct applets or beans written in the Java programming language on their intranet web pages to run using Sun's Java Runtime Environment (JRE), instead of the browser's default. This enables an enterprise to deploy applets that take full advantage of the latest capabilites and features of the Java platform and be assured that they will run reliably and consistently.

APPLET LIFE CYCLE:

Initialization state: Applet enters the initialization state when it is first loaded. This is achieved by calling the init() method of Applet class. Create objects needed by the applet. Set up initial values. Load images or fonts. Set up colors. Running state:

26

Applet enters the running state when the system calls the start() method of Applet class. This occurs automatically after the applet is initialized. Starting can also occur if the applet is already in stopped (idle) state. Idle or Stopped State: An applet becomes idle when it is stopped from running. Stopping occurs automatically when we leave the page containing the currently running applet. We can calling the stop () method explicitly. Dead State: An applet is said to be dead when it is removed from memory. This occurs automatically by invoking the destroy() method when we quit the browser. Display State: Applet moves to the display state whenever it has to perform some output operation on the screen. This happens immediately after the applet enters into the running state.

Begin (load Applet)

Born

initialization

Start() Stop() Running

Display
Paint()

Idle
Start()

stopped

Destroy()

Destroyed

Dead

Exit of Browser

Applet state transition diagram

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1. Experiment no .1 : Write a Program to find Simple Interest.

1. AIM: Write a java program to find the simple interest. 2. Algorithm:
1. Start the program.

2. Declare the variables and assume values 3. InterestTopay=principle*time*rate/100; 4. print the values. 5. End of class and main method. 6. stop the program.
3. PROGRAM: import java.io.*; import java.lang.*; class Simpleinterest { public static void main(String args[]) { int principle=25000; float rate = 12.5f; double interestToPay,time = 2.75; interestToPay=principle*time*rate/100; System.out.println("Principle amount is Rs."+principle+ "interest=Rs."+interestToPay); System.out.println ("Total amount to pay to clear the loan = Rs."+ (principle+interestToPay)); } } 4. OUTPUT: Principle amount is Rs.25000 interest = Rs.8593.75 Total amount to pay to clear the loan = Rs.33593.75

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2. Experiment no .2 : Program To Find The Arithmetic Operations 1. AIM: Write a java program to find the given numbers of arithmetic operations. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Declare the variables a and b. 3. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 4. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 5. Given variables addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. 6. End of class and main method. 7. stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; class arthematic { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int a,b,add,sub,mul,div; DataInputStream stdin=new DataInputStream(System.in); System.out.println("Enter First Number:"); a=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("Enter Second Number:"); b=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); add=a+b; sub=a-b; mul=a*b; div=a/b; System.out.println("Addition of a and b = "+add); System.out.println("Subtraction of a and b = "+sub); System.out.println("Multiplication of a and b = "+mul); System.out.println("Division of a and b = "+div); } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter first number: 5 Enter second number: 3 Addition of a and b = 8 Subtraction of a and b=2 Multiplication of a and b=15 Division of a and b=1.0

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3. Experiment no .3 : Program To Find The Single Digit Number

1. AIM: Write a java program to find the given single digit number using switch case. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 3. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 4. By using switch case ( multi way decision statement) when a match is found, that case is executed. 5. Default it is a break statement exit the switch statement. 6. Stop the program. 4. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; class digit { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int n; DataInputStream stdin=new DataInputStream(System.in); System.out.println("Enter Any positive single digit number :"); n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); switch(n) { case 0: System.out.println("Zero"); break; case 1: System.out.println("One"); break; case 2: System.out.println("Two"); break; case 3: System.out.println("Three"); break; case 4: System.out.println("Four"); break; case 5: System.out.println("Five"); break;

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case 6: System.out.println("Six"); break; case 7: System.out.println("Seven"); break; case 8: System.out.println("Eight"); break; case 9: System.out.println("Nine"); break; default: System.out.println("Invalid Number"); break; } } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter any positive single digit number: 6 Six Enter any positive single digit number: 5 Five

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4. Experiment no .4 : Program To Find The Factorial Of A Number 1. AIM: Write a java program to find the given factorial numbers. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. Import the packages. 2. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 3. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 4. By using for loop rotating the integer value. 5. Repeat enter the value until end of loop. 6. End of class and main method. 7. stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; //importing io package import java.lang.*; //importing lang package class Factorial { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { int i,n,f=1; System.out.println("Enter the numbert you want to calculate the factorial"); BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { f=f*i; } System.out.println("The factorial of " + n + " is " + f); } //End of main } //End of class Factorial

4. OUTPUT
Enter the number for which you want the factorial 4 The factorial of 4 is 24 Enter the number for which you want the factorial 3 The factorial of 3 is 6 Enter the number for which you want the factorial 6 The factorial of 6 is 120

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5. Experiment no. 5: Program to check whether the first number is a multiple of second number. 1. AIM: To check whether the first number is a multiple of second number. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program, import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 4. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 5. By using ifelse loop rotating the string. 6. Print the concatenation of arrays. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; //Importing io package class Multiple { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { int m,n; BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter the first number" ); m=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("Enter the second number "); n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); if ( m%n==0) { System.out.println("The first number is the multiple of second number" ); } else { System.out.println("The first number is not the multiple of second number" ); } } //End of main } //End of class Multiple

4. OUTPUT
Enter the first number 10 Enter the second number 5 The first number is the multiple of second number Enter the first number 2 Enter the second number 3 The first number is not the multiple of second number

33

6. Experiment no. 6: Program to check the given array is sorting order 1. AIM: Write a java program to check given numbers in a sorting order. 2. Algorithm:
1. Start the program. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Read a string with DatainputstreamReader(System.in).

4. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 5. By using for loop rotating the array. 6. Print the concatenation of arrays. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; class sorting { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int a[]=new int[10]; int i,j; DataInputStream stdin=new DataInputStream(System.in); System.out.println("Enter 10 Elements into Array"); for(i=0;i<10;i++) a[i]=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); for(i=0;i<9;i++) for(j=0;j<9-i;j++) { if (a[j+1]<a[j]) { int temp=a[j+1]; a[j+1]=a[j]; a[j]=temp; } } System.out.println("Required Order is "); for(i=0;i<10;i++) System.out.println(a[i]); } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter 10 elements into Array:10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Required order is:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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7. Experiment no. 7: Program To generate the ARMSTRONG number 1. AIM: Write a java program to generate the Armstrong number. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Read a string with DatainputstreamReader(System.in). 3. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 4. sum=sum+r*r*r formula. 5. Using if else statement. 6. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; class armstrong { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int n,r,temp,sum; DataInputStream stdin=new DataInputStream(System.in); System.out.println("Enter any Positive Integer Number :"); n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); temp=n; sum=0; while(temp>0) { r=temp % 10; sum=sum+r*r*r; temp=temp/10; } if (n==sum) System.out.println("Given Number is Armstrong Number"); else System.out.println("Given Number is not Armstrong Number"); } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter any positive Integer number: 153 Given number is Armstrong number. Enter any positive Integer number: 146 Given number is not Armstrong number.

35

8. Experiment no. 8: Program To generate the Quadratic equation 1. AIM: Write a java program to generate the quadratic equation. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. Import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declaration of the main class. 4. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 5. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 6. By using if(d==0) Roots are Equalent loop rotating the integer value. 7. if(d>0) Roots are Real otherwise ("Roots are Imaginary"); 8. Repeats enter the value until end of loop. 9. End of class and main method. 10. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; import java.math.*; class quadratic { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int a,b,c,d; double r1,r2; BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter value of a:"); a=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("Enter value of b:"); b=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("Enter value of c:"); c=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); d=b*b-4*a*c; if(d==0) { System.out.println("Roots are Equalent"); r1=-b/(2*a); r2=-b/(2*a); System.out.println("Root1 = "+r1); System.out.println("Root2 = "+r2); } else if (d>0)

36

{ System.out.println("Roots are Real"); r1=(-b+Math.sqrt(d))/(2*a); r2=(-b-Math.sqrt(d))/(2*a); System.out.println("Root1 = "+r1); System.out.println("Root2 = "+r2); } else System.out.println("Roots are Imaginary"); }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter value of a:1 Enter value of b:2 Enter value of c:1 Roots are Equalent Enter value of a:2 Enter value of b:3 Enter value of c:2 Roots are Imaginary

37

9. Experiment no. 9: Program to Find The Primary Numbers 1. AIM: Write a java program to find the given primary numbers. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. Import the packages. 2. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 3. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 4. By using Nested for() loop rotating the integer value. 5. Repeat enters the value until end of loop. 6. End of class and main method. 7. stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; class prime { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int i,j,c,n; BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter Positive value :"); n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { for(j=1,c=0;j<=i;j++) { if (i%j==0) c=c+1; } if(c==2) System.out.println(i); } } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter positive value: 10 1 2 3 5 7

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10. Experiment no. 10: Program to generate the Fibonacci series 1. AIM: Write a java program to generate the Fibonacci series, given number of n values. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. Import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declaration of the main class. 4. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 5. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 6. By using for loop rotating the integer value. 7. Repeats enter the value until end of loop. 8. End of class and main method. 9. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; //importing io package import java.lang.*; //importing Lang package class A { int a,b,c; A( int f1,int f2 ) { a=f1; b=f2; } //End of constructor A void Feb() { c=a+b; System.out.print("\t" + c); a=b; b=c; } //End of method Feb } //End of class A class Febinocci { public static void main(String args[]) { int n,f3, i; A a=new A(0,1);

throws IOException

39

System.out.println("Enter how many numbers you want in febinoci series"); BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("The febinocci series is as follows"); System.out.print("\t" + 0); System.out.print("\t" + 1); for(i=0;i<(n-2);i++) { a.Feb(); } //End of for loop } //End of main //End of class Febinocci

4. OUTPUT
Enter how many numbers you want in febinoci series 3 The febinocci series is as follows 0 1 1 Enter how many numbers you want in febinoci series 6 The febinocci series is as follows 0 1 1 2 3 5 Enter how many numbers you want in febinoci series 10 The febinocci series is as follows 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13

21

34

40

11. Experiment no. 11: Program to generate the sorting order of array 1. AIM: Write a java program to generate the sorting order of a given number of n values. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. Import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declaration of the main class. 4. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 5. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 6. By using for loop rotating the integer value. 7. Swapping the values into a temp=a[i]; 8. Repeats enter the value until end of loop. 9. End of class and main method. 10.Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; class sorting { public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException { int a[]=new int[20]; int i,j,temp; BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter 10 integers into array"); for(i=0;i<10;i++) a[i]=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); for(i=0;i<10-1;i++) { for(j=0;j<10-i-1;j++) { if (a[j]>a[j+1]) { temp=a[j]; a[j]=a[j+1]; a[j+1]=temp; } } } System.out.println("Required Order is "); for(i=0;i<10;i++) System.out.println(a[i]);

41

} }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter 10 integers in to array: 9876543210 Required order is: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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12. Experiment no. 12: Program to find the 2 largest numbers of a given array 1. AIM:
To find the largest number of given numbers, by using arrays.

2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program, import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 4. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 5. By using for loop rotating the single dimensional arrays value. 6. Repeats enter the value until end of loop. 7. Print the concatenation of string. 8. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; //Importing io package import java.lang.*; //Importing lang package class Largest { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { int a[]= new int[10]; int i,j,k; System.out.println("Enter the numbers of the array"); BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); for(i=0;i<10;i++) { a[i]=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); } for(i=0;i<10;i++) { for(j=(i+1);j<10;j++) { if(a[i]>a[j]) { k=a[i]; a[i]=a[j]; a[j]=k; } //End of if } //End of inner for loop } //End of outer for loop System.out.println("The first largest number in the array is " + a[9]);

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System.out.println("The second largest number in the array is " + a[8]); } //End of main } //End of class Largest

4. OUTPUT
Enter the numbers of the array 1 2 6 3 78 7 8 45 32 23 The first largest number in the array is 78 The second largest number in the array is 45 Enter the numbers of the array 12 23 34 45 56 67 68 78 89 100 The first largest number in the array is 100 The second largest number in the array is 89 Enter the numbers of the array 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 The first largest number in the array is 20 The second largest number in the array is 19

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13. Experiment no. 13: Program to find product, sum and difference of 2 matices 1. AIM: Write a java program to find the sum of the matrices, product of the matrices and differences of matrices, by using two dimensional arrays. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program, import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with two dimensional arrays. 3. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 4. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 5. By using for loop rotating the two dimensional arrays value. 6. Column is i, rows is j declare in two dimensional matrices. 7. Repeats enter the value until end of loop. 8. Print the concatenation of arrays. 9. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; //Importing io package class Matrix { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { int a[][]=new int[3][3]; int b[][]=new int[3][3]; int s[][]=new int[3][3]; int d[][]=new int[3][3]; int p[][]=new int[3][3]; int i,j; BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter the elements of 1st matrix"); for( i=0;i<3;i++) //Reading the elements of first matrix { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { a[i][j]=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); } } System.out.println("Enter the elements of the 2nd matrix"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) //Reading the elements of second matrix { for(j=0;j<3;j++)

45

{ b[i][j]=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); } } for(i=0;i<3;i++) //Calculating additon and substraction { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { s[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j]; d[i][j]=a[i][j]-b[i][j]; } } System.out.println("The sum of the matrices is"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) //Calculating product { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { System.out.print(" "+s[i][j]); } System.out.println(); } System.out.println("The productof the matrices is"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { p[i][j]=0; for(int k=0;k<3;k++) { p[i][j]=p[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j]; } System.out.print(" "+p[i][j]); } System.out.println(); } System.out.println("The difference of the matrices is"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { System.out.print(" "+d[i][j]); } System.out.println(); } } }

46

4. OUTPUT
Enter the elements of 1st matrix 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Enter the elements of 2nd matrix 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 The sum of the matrices is 3 5 7 9 7 3 5 7 5 The productof the matrices is 18 24 18 17 24 25 28 36 20 The difference of the matrices is -1 -1 -1 -1 -5 1 1 1 -3

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14. Experiment no. 14: Program To implement abstract keyword 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the abstract keyword and method overriding. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Create a classes and variables with data types. 3. Assigns the values of rectangle and triangle. 4. Create a object of relevant class, to call the procedure. 5. Given a formula of area. 6. Print the concatenation of string. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
abstract class Figure { double dim1,dim2; Figure(double a,double b) { dim1=a; dim2=b; } abstract double area(); } class Rectangle extends Figure { Rectangle(double a,double b) { super(a,b); } double area() { return(dim1*dim2); } } class Triangle extends Figure { Triangle(double a,double b) { super(a,b); }

48

double area() { return((dim1*dim2)/2); } } class Abstract { public static void main(String args[]) { Rectangle r=new Rectangle(5,5); double ar=r.area(); Triangle t=new Triangle(5,5); double at=r.area(); System.out.println("area of rectangle " + ar); System.out.println("area of triangle " + at ); } }

4. OUTPUT:
area of rectangle 25 area of triangle 12.5*/

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15. Experiment no. 15: Program to implement constructor OverLoading 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the constructor and overloading method program. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declare the methods in same name with different parameters. 4. Create a object to call the procedure. 5. Print the concatenation of values. 6. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
class A { int a=2,b=3,c=4; A(int c1) { a=c1; } A(int c1,int c2) { a=c1; b=c2; } A(int c1,int c2,int c3) { a=c1; b=c2; c=c3;; } void show() { System.out.println("The value of a is " + a); System.out.println("The value of b is " + b); System.out.println("The value of c is " + c); } } class Consover { public static void main(String args[])

50

{ A a=new A(6); A a2=new A(7,8); A a1=new A(9,10,11); a.show(); a1.show(); a2.show(); } }

4. OUTPUT:
The value of a is 6 The value of a is 7 The value of b is 8 The value of a is 9 The value of b is 10 The value of c is 11

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16. Experiment no. 16: Program To Implement Dynamic(super class) method dispatch 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the super class and sub class method. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Create a classes and variables with data types. 3. Create a methods void show (). 4. Create an object of relevant class, to call the procedure. 5. Print the concatenation of string. 6. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; import java.lang.*; class A { void show() { System.out.println("You are in superclass"); } } class B extends A { void show() { System.out.println("You are in subclass"); } } class Dmd { public static void main(String args[]) { A a; //Creating reference variable B b=new B(); //creating object for class B b.show(); a=b; //Assigning object b to a; a.show(); } }

4. OUTPUT:
You are in superclass You are in subclass

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17. Experiment no. 17: Declaring and implementing an interface 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the Interface command on multiple class. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Create a classes and variables with data types. 3. Create a command of interface( ). 4. Create an object of relevant class, to call the procedure. 5. Calculate the formula in a program. 6. Print the concatenation of string. 7. Stop the program. 3. Program:
interface Pet { void speak(); void legs(int x); String move(String how); double weight(double x); } public class interfaceDemo implements Pet{ public void speak(){ System.out.println("Dog braks"); } public void legs(int x){ System.out.println("Dog has got" +x+"legs"); } public String move(String how_to_ move){ System.out.println("Dog moves on"+how_to_move+"on land); return""; } public double weight(double x){ return x; } public static void main(string args[]){ double wt; InterfaceDemo id= new InterfaceDemo(); id.speak(); id.legs(4); id.move("four legs");

53

wt=id.weight(24.58); System.out.println("Dog weights" +wt + "kgs"); } }

4. OUTPUT:
Dog barks Dog has got 4 legs dog moves on four legs on land Dog weights 24.58 kgs

54

18. Experiment no. 18: Program To Implement "Inheritance" 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the Inheritance program. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program, import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declare the methods in different names in Arithmetic operations. 4. Arguments give a throws IOExceptions. 5. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 6. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 7. Create a object to call the procedure. 8. Print the concatenation of string. 9. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; import java.lang.*; class Add { int c; void add(int a,int b) { c=a+b; System.out.println("Result of adding is "+ c); } } class Sub extends Add { void sub(int a,int b) { c=a-b; System.out.println("Result of subtracting is "+ c); } } class Mul extends Sub { void mul(int a,int b) { c=a*b; System.out.println("Result of multiplying is "+ c);

55

} } class Inherit { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul"); int i=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); int j=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); Mul m=new Mul(); m.mul(i,j); m.add(i,j); m.sub(i,j); } }

4. OUTPUT
Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul 10 20 Result of multiplying is 300 Result of adding is 30 Result of subtracting is -10 Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul 5 10 Result of multiplying is 50 Result of adding is 15 Result of subtracting is -5 Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul 2 1 Result of multiplying is 2 Result of adding is 3 Result of subtracting is 1

56

19. Experiment no. 19: Program to show the Use of This Keyword and Constructor Overloading 1. AIM:
Write a java program to show the use of This Keyword And Constructor Overloading.

2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program, import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declare the methods in same name with different parameters. 4. Arguments give a throws IoExceptions. 5. Read a string with inputstreamReader(System.in). 6. convert the string into Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); 7. Create a object to call the procedure. 8. Print the concatenation of string. 9. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; import java.lang.*; class A { int Square( int x ) { int s=x*x; return(s); } //End of constructor Square with int as return type float Square( float x ) { float s=x*x; return(s); } //End of constructor Square with float as return type double Square( double x ) { double s=x*x; return(s); } //End of constructor Square with double as return type } //End of class A //importing io package //importing Lang package

57

class Methover { public static void main(String args[]) {

throws IOException

System.out.println("Enter the integer number you want to calculate square"); BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); int n=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("Enter the floating point number you want to calculate square"); float m=Float.parseFloat(stdin.readLine()); System.out.println("Enter the double data type number uou want to calculate square"); double p=Double.parseDouble(stdin.readLine()); A a=new A(); int sq1=a.Square(n); System.out.println("The square of integer number is " + sq1); A a1=new A(); float sq2=a1.Square(m); System.out.println("The square of float number is " + sq2); A a2=new A(); double sq3=a2.Square(p); System.out.println("The square of double number is " + sq2); } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter the integer number you want to calculate square 5 Enter the floating point number you want to calculate square 2.5 Enter the double data type number uou want to calculate square 3.44 The square of integer number is 25 The square of float number is 6.25 The square of double number is 11.56

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20. Experiment no. 20: Program to invoke constructors using "Super" Keyword 1. AIM: Write a java program to Invoke constructors using "Super" Keyword. 2. Algorithm: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Start the program. Create a class and variables with data types. Declare the method of void show (); Print the concatenation of values. Stop the program.

3. PROGRAM:
class A { int a,b,c; A(int d1,int d2) //Constructor of class A { a=d1; b=d2; } void show() { System.out.println("The value of a is " + a); System.out.println("The value of b is " + b); } } //End of class A class B extends A { B(int d1,int d2,int d3) //Constructor of class B { super(d1,d2); //super calls constructor A c=d3; } void show() { System.out.println("The value of a is " + a); System.out.println("The value of b is " + b); System.out.println("The value of c is " + c); } } //End of class B class Super1

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{ public static void main(String args[]) { A a=new A(10,20); //Creating object for class A a.show(); B b=new B(10,20,30); //Creating object for class B b.show(); } //End of main } //End of class super1

4. OUTPUT:
The value of a is 10 The value of b is 20 The value of a is 10 The value of b is 20 The value of c is 30*/

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21. Experiment no. 21: Program to show The Separate Window multiplication 1. AIM: Write a java program to show the separate window of multiplication of three numbers. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program, import the packages. 2. Create a class and variables with data types. 3. Declare the string() values. 4. JOptionPane.showInputDialog command is a window. 5. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog dialog box. 6. Print the windows of out put. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.io.*; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class Product { public static void main( String args[] ) { int x; // first number int y; // second number int z; // third number int result; // product of numbers String xVal; // first string input by user String yVal; // second string input by user String zVal; // third string input by user xVal = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter first integer:" ); yVal = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter second integer:" ); zVal = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter third integer:" ); x = Integer.parseInt( xVal ); y = Integer.parseInt( yVal ); z = Integer.parseInt( zVal ); result = x * y * z; JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "The product is " + result ); System.exit( 0 ); } // end method main } // end class Product

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4. OUTPUT:

62

22. Experiment no. 22: Program To show The MULTITHREADING 1. AIM: Write a java program to show the multithreading using try and catch() methods. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Create a class and variables User Thread (). 3. Using try catch () methods. 4. For loop executions. 5. Print the try statements and catch () statements. 6. Print the concatenation of string. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
class UserThread extends Thread { UserThread() { super("UserThread"); System.out.println("it is a UserThread"); start(); } public void main() { try { for(int i=10;i>0;i--) { System.out.println("Uservalue"+i); Thread.sleep(500); } } catch(InterruptedException ie) { System.out.println("User thread Exception"); } System.out.println("User thread completed"); } } public class ThreadDemo { public static void main(String args[])

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{ int i; UserThread ut=new UserThread(); try { for(i=1;i==2;i++) { System.out.println("main Thread value is" +i); Thread.sleep(100); } } catch(InterruptedException ie) { System.out.println("main thread interreupted"); } System.out.println("main thread completed"); } } 4. OUTPUT: It is UserThread Main thread completed

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23. Experiment no. 23: Program to implement Packages 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement Arithmetic operations the packages. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the Mathc packages. 3. Create a classes and variables with data types. 4. Create an object of relevant class, to call the procedure. 5. Create an object to call the packages. 6. Return arithmetic operations. 7. Print the concatenation of string. 8. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
package Mathc; public class Arithmetic { public int a,b; public Arithmetic(int p,int q) { a=p; b=q; } public int add() { return(a+b); } public int sub() { return(a-b); } public int mul() { return(a*b); } public int div() { return(a/b); } }

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import java.io.*; import Mypack.*; class Usepack { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { BufferedReader stdin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul"); int i=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); int j=Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()); Mul m=new Mul(); Addsub a=new Addsub(); a.add(i,j); m.mul(i,j); m.add(i,j); m.sub(i,j); } }

4. OUTPUT:
Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul 10 20 Result of multiplying is 300 Result of adding is 30 Result of subtracting is -10 Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul 5 10 Result of multiplying is 50 Result of adding is 15 Result of subtracting is -5 Enter 2 numbers to perform add,sub and mul 2 1 Result of multiplying is 2 Result of adding is 3 Result of subtracting is 1

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24. Experiment no. 24 : Program which imports the package Mathc 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement Arithmetic operations the packages. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the Mathc packages. 3. Create a classes and variables with data types. 4. Create an object of relevant class, to call the procedure. 5. Create an object to call the packages. 6. Return arithmetic operations. 7. Print the concatenation of string. 8. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import Mathc.*; public class PackDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { Arithmetic a=new Arithmetic(10,30); System.out.println(a.add()); System.out.println(a.sub()); System.out.println(a.mul()); System.out.println(a.div()); } }

4. OUTPUT:
40 -20 300 0

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25. Experiment no. 25 : Program to print JAVA IS SIMPLE in different styles and fonts 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES programs. 2. Algorithm:

1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet,awt. 3. Create a classes public void paint(Graphics g). 4. Assume the values of string, color and font. 5. g.drawString() application of GUI. 6. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import javax.swing.*; /*<applet code="JavaDemo" width=350 height=200> </applet>*/ public class JavaDemo extends JApplet { public void paint(Graphics g) { Font f1=new Font("TimesNewRoman",Font.BOLD|Font.ITALIC,20); g.setFont(f1); String str="JAVA IS SIMPLE"; g.drawString(str,10,20); Font f2=new Font("Helvetica",Font.BOLD,30); g.setFont(f2); g.setColor(Color.RED); g.drawString(str,10,60); Font f3=new Font("TimesNewRoman",Font.PLAIN,40); g.setFont(f3); g.setColor(Color.GREEN); g.drawString(str,10,100); } }

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4. OUTPUT

*/

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26. Experiment no. 26: Program to draw Lines, Rectangles, Rounded Rectangles, filled Polygons and Ovals 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES, draw Lines, Rectangles, Rounded Rectangles, filled Polygons programs. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet,awt,awt.event. 3. Create a classes: public void paint(Graphics g). 4. Assume the values of string, color and font. 5. g.drawString() application of Graphical User Interface. 6. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; /*<applet code="ShapeDemo" width=300 height=300> </applet*/ public class ShapeDemo extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); g.drawLine(10,20,50,20); g.drawRect(20,30,30,30); g.setColor(Color.RED); g.fillRect(20,30,30,30); g.drawRoundRect(20,70,50,70,15,15); g.setColor(Color.GREEN); g.fillRoundRect(20,70,50,70,15,15); g.drawOval(20,150,50,50); g.setColor(Color.BLUE); g.fillOval(20,150,50,50); } }

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4. OUTPUT:

71

27. Experiment no. 27: Program to implement Action Event that performs Arithmetic Operations 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES, draw event handlers programs. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet, awt, awt.event. 3. Create a classes, methods. 4. Assume the values of string Integer.parseInt. 5. while using if loops rotating values. 6. The event arguments execution. 7. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 8. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class EventDemo extends JFrame implements ActionListener { public JLabel l1,l2,l3; public JTextField t1,t2; public JButton b1,b2,b3; EventDemo( ) { Container c = getContentPane( ); c. setLayout(new FlowLayout()); l1=new JLabel("NUM 1"); l2 = new JLabel("NUM 2"); l3 = new JLabel( ); t1 = new JTextField(6); t2 = new JTextField(6); b1 = new JButton("ADD"); b2 = new JButton("SUB"); b3 = new JButton("MUL"); c.add(l1);

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c.add(t1); c.add(l2); c.add(t2); c.add(b1); c.add(b2); c.add(b3); c.add(l3); b1.addActionListener(this); b2.addActionListener(this); b3.addActionListener(this); setSize(200,200); setVisible(true); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { int n1,n2,n3=0; n1 = Integer.parseInt(t1.getText( ).trim()); n2 = Integer.parseInt(t2.getText( ).trim()); String str = "The result is "; if(ae.getSource( ) == b1) n3=n1 + n2; if(ae.getSource( ) == b2) n3= n1-n2; if(ae.getSource( ) == b3) n3=n1*n2; l3.setText(str+" " +n3); } public static void main(String args[ ] ) { EventDemo e = new EventDemo( ); } }

4. OUTPUT

73

28. Experiment no. 28: Program to implement Mouse Listener (Mouse Events) 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES, draw Mouse event handler programs. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet, awt, awt.event. 3. Create a classes, methods. 4. Mouse moments, mouse Clicked, mouse Pressed, mouse Released, mouse Entered, mouse Exited, mouse Dragged events args. 5. g.drawString() application of Graphical User Interface. 6. While rotating mouse event args. 7. The mouse event arguments execution. 8. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 9. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; /*<applet code="MouseDemo" width=300 height=300> </applet>*/ public class MouseDemo extends Applet implements MouseListener,MouseMotionListener { int mx=0; int my=0; String msg=""; public void init() { addMouseListener(this); addMouseMotionListener(this); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me) { mx=20; my=40; msg="Mouse Clicked"; repaint();

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} public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) { mx=30; my=60; msg="Mouse Pressed"; repaint(); } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) { mx=30; my=60; msg="Mouse Released"; repaint(); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me) { mx=40; my=80; msg="Mouse Entered"; repaint(); } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me) { mx=40; my=80; msg="Mouse Exited"; repaint(); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me) { mx=me.getX(); my=me.getY(); showStatus("Currently mouse dragged"+mx+" "+my); repaint(); } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me) { mx=me.getX(); my=me.getY(); showStatus("Currently mouse is at"+mx+" "+my); repaint(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawString("Handling Mouse Events",30,20);

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g.drawString(msg,60,40); } }

4. OUTPUT

76

29. Experiment no. 29: Program to implement KeyListener (Key Events) 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES, draw Key event Listeners programs. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet, awt, awt.event. 3. Create a classes, methods. 4. Key moments, key Clicked, key Pressed, key Released, key Entered, key Exited, key Dragged events args. 5. g.drawString() application of Graphical User Interface. 6. while rotating key event args. 7. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 8. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; /*<applet code="KeyDemo" width=300 height=300> </applet>*/ public class KeyDemo extends Applet implements KeyListener { String msg=""; int x=10; int y=20; public void init() { addKeyListener(this); requestFocus(); } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent ke) { showStatus("key pressed"); int key=ke.getKeyCode();

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switch(key) { case KeyEvent.VK_UP:msg=msg+"<up>"; break; case KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT:msg=msg+"<shift>"; break; case KeyEvent.VK_F1:msg+="<F1>"; break; } repaint(); } public void keyReleased(KeyEvent ke) { showStatus("Key Released"); } public void keyTyped(KeyEvent ke) { char ch=ke.getKeyChar(); msg=msg+ch; showStatus("Key Typed"); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawString(msg,40,40); } }

4. OUTPUT

78

30. Experiment no. 30: Program to implement BorderLayout 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES, Create Border layout of window. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet, awt, awt.event. 3. Create classes and methods. 4. Declare the Border Layout directions. 5. Application of Graphical User Interface. 6. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*; /*<applet code = "BorderDemo" width=300 height=300> </applet> */ public class BorderDemo extends Applet { public void init( ) { setLayout(new BorderLayout( )); add(new Button("CSE students"),BorderLayout.NORTH); add(new Label("studying well"),BorderLayout.SOUTH); add(new Button("right"),BorderLayout.EAST); add(new Button("left"),BorderLayout.WEST); String msg = "This is the Demo for BorderLayout"+"done by Cse-1 students"; add(new TextArea(msg),BorderLayout.CENTER); } }

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4. OUTPUT

80

31. Experiment no. 31: Program to implement Radio Listener 1. AIM: Write a java program to implement the APPLET PACKAGES, Create Radio buttons in a window. 2. Algorithm: 1. Start the program. 2. Import the packages of applet, awt, awt.event. 3. Create classes, methods. 4. Declare the Radio buttons and give values. 5. Application of Graphical User Interface. 6. Printing in the separated Applet viewer window. 7. Stop the program. 3. PROGRAM:
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class RadDemo extends JFrame implements ActionListener { public JLabel l1; public JRadioButton r1,r2,r3; RadDemo() { Container c = getContentPane( ); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout( )); l1=new JLabel(); r1 = new JRadioButton("CSE"); r2 = new JRadioButton("ECE"); r3 = new JRadioButton("EEE"); ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup( ); bg.add(r1); bg.add(r2); bg.add(r3); c.add(r1); c.add(r2); c.add(r3); c.add(l1); r1.addActionListener(this); r2.addActionListener(this); r3.addActionListener(this); setSize(200,200); setVisible(true);

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} public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { if(ae.getActionCommand()=="CSE") { l1.setText("You selected CSE"); } if(ae.getActionCommand()=="ECE") { l1.setText("You selected ECE"); } if(ae.getActionCommand()=="EEE") { l1.setText("You selected EEE"); } } public static void main(String args[]) { RadDemo rd=new RadDemo(); } }

4. OUTPUT

82

References:
1. The complete reference Java, J2SE 5th edition, Herbert Schild, TMH publishing Company
limited, New Delhi.

2. Big Java 2nd edition, Cay Horstmann, John Wiley and Sons. 3. Java how to programme, sixth edition, H.M.Dietel and P.J. Deitel. 4. Core java 2,Vol2, Advanced Fundamentals Cay, S. Horshmann and Gary Comell
Seventh edition Person edition.

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