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  2011 / 2010:



  
  :





2AC



( _ I  #$ :
(1: *+,
a

 #$ <  ,  n =@ ?>,


a n = a
 a
 a
......... a
 n

: - . (2
 a

 #$ <  , DE :
a1 = a
a0 = 1

2 . 3 4 , 5 00

*  0.1 :
( (3 : 7 3
a

 #$ <  ,  n =@ ?>,


1
a n = n
a

* : 8
a
b

 #$ <  ,  n =@ ?>,


n

* : :

1
1
=
( 3 ) ( 3 ) 9

b
=
a

1
2

)( 3

a

b

= ( 3 ) 2

1
1
=
53 125

= 5 3

3 3 9
3
= = =
2 2 4
2

2

3

: 7 3 ( F( 4
: 7 3 ( PQ
.$  3
 : >$
.>  3  : >
4

7

7 

33

;;

7$ 

( 11)24

( 5 ) 2 52

( 5 )2 = ( 5 ) ( 5) = 25

2
5 = ( 5 5 ) = 25

: : *

:  0.1 *

: 

: GH- _ II
: JK8 L3 M+( $ (1
. ,  < #$ a
.,>?  ==n m
am an = am +n
11

2 2

3 3

53

11+ 53

2
=
3

2
=
3

64

;;

7 2 715 = 7 2 +15 = 717

: : *

: JK8 L3 M+( - (2


. ,  < #$ a
.,>?  ==n m
am
m n
n =a
a
225
1
5 22
17
=
22
=
22
=
2212
2217

;;

2,57
= 2,57 2 = 2,55 : : *
2
2,5
: JK8 L3 M+( $ (3

. M,  < +#$ b a


.,>? @= m
a m b m = ( ab )
4

5 1
5 1 5
= =

3 2
3 2 6

;;

4,711 211 = ( 4,7 2 ) = 9,411 : : *


11

: JK8 L3 M+( - (4


. M,  < +#$ b a
.,>? @= m
am a
=
bm b

6
2
2
6
6

7 = 7 = 2 5 = 10
3

6
7
3

21
3


5
5

215 21
= = 75 : : *
5
3
3

;;

: ( ( (5
. ,  < #$ a
.,>?  ==n m

(a m )

5( 3)
15
15
5 5
5
5
7
=
=
7
7
7

;;

= a m n

7,25

= 7, 252 = 7,210 : : *

: 10 ,( ( 6
.,>? @= n

.,>? @= n

10 n = 0,00............01




10n = 1000............0




K M n

K M n

10

: : *
= 0,0000001

;;

10 = 100000

: >
8 U , L, P _ III
: ( ( 1
. >
8 @= n  U a
> 8 U 
x = a 10n x = a 10n : MP M V
1 a < 10 : W= x , L, P 4L
Q

(2: :
=  (1  P, L, .1240000 :
:  +
4

1240000 =124 10

=1, 24 102 104


=1, 24 102+ 4
=1, 24 106

 P, L, 1240000 :


=  (2  P, L, :

. 1,24 106

. a = 0,00313 107

:  +
a = 0,00313 107 = 1,31 103 107
= 1,31103+ 7
= 1,31 104

 P, L, a . 1,31 104 :


=  (3  P, L, . b = 2,045 :
:  +
0

2,045 = 2,045 10

 P, L, b :

. 2,045 100

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