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A Summer Internship Project On
Buying preference and customer satisfaction about Tirupati Edible oil; A study of selected customers and retailers in Ahmadabad city
Under the Guidance of Prof. Mital Thakor Assistant Professor S.V. Institute of Management, Kadi Submitted To:
S.V. Institute of Management, Kadi

Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Programme Batch 2010-12 Submitted By: ID No. (M1012-028) (M1012-091)
Mr. Rakesh R. Gupta Mr. Dipak R. Shah
Enrolment No. (107490592042) (107490592049)
PREFACE
We have to undergo marketing research project for an organization as on subject. After doing a lot of brainstorming we have chosen N.K.Proteins.LTD. And study it under gone the title of customer & retailers preference and satisfaction ". We had gain theoretical knowledge from the business school, but in addition with it we also require practical knowledge & skill by this type of marketing research report. We have analyzed the report and came up to the findings that. In our project, we have studied the level of Preference and satisfaction of the customer and retailers N.K.Proteins.LTD. of in Ahmadabad city. For this purpose we have prepaid questionnaire and collected information and made the findings. This project will really help us in building our future and is of great importance to us.
S.V. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Quality is never an Accident it is always the result of an intelligent effect. There must be to produce a superior thing. All we need in this world is hard work and confidence and the success is sure. Success is not a one-man phenomenon but it is the result of working together. It was really difficult for us to complete the marketing research project without getting cooperation of certain people. In other words there are so many external thankful who directly or indirectly help us in my marketing research project. First, We are grateful to Mr. Bhavin Pandya(HOD)who guided us regarding the project content and issues related to it further, We are very much thankful to our project guide Prof. Mittal Thakor for providing their valuable time and guiding to us through the project report. We are very thankful to Mr Raju Todi who gave us permission to doing this marketing research report in their organization and Mr.S.M. Doshi, Mr Soni, helped us and guided us regarding the sources of information related to particular industries. We are also very thankful to SVIM staffs, which has considered us convenience and gave priority to us.
Rakesh Gupta Dipak shah
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Oil Industry started off more than five thousand years back. Oil sipping up from the ground was used to make the boats waterproof in the Middle East and also used as medicating as well as for painting different things. The Indian edible oil economy is the worlds fourth largest after the US, China and Brazil, harvesting about 35 million tons of oilseeds against the world. Since 1995, Indian share in world production of oilseeds has been around 10 percent. India imports more than half (54%) of its edible oil requirement, making it the worlds third largest importer of edible oil. The domestic production of edible oil meets only about 50% of the country's demand. The gap in supply is met through imports which are often at high prices. The oilseeds production in 2010-11 is pegged at 278 lakh tones as against 249 lakh tones in 2009-10. N. K. PROTEINS LTD., an ISO 9001:2000 certified companies registered in the year 1993 is engaged in the refining of all types of edible oil. Their refinery is located at village Thor, Tal, Kadi, Dist. Mehsana, and Gujarat. Their market share in Refined Cottonseed oil in Gujarat is more than 65%. They are also selling in consumer packs in15 & 5 litres HDPE jars, 1 Litre pouch, 1 Litre Bottle, 500 Ml. & 200Ml Pouch. The primary objective of this research is Buying preferences and satisfaction level of Tirupati Edible Oil: A study of selected Customers and Retailers in Ahmadabad city. Here, in this research, the research design is a conclusive research design wherein, the researcher will be doing descriptive research through multiple cross-sectional research design. In this research, convinience sampling has been used. In this research, the primary data is collected through survey (personal interview). The research instrument used is questionnaire. In this research, the tools used are Excel and SPSS. Through the analysis of the primary data, it is found out that The edible of the N.K.Proteins ltd Company holds the strongest position in the market out of the product length of the company. Out of 100 retailers, 97 retailers are selling edible oil to their customers. Retailers are getting good return on the sales of the edible oil of N.K. Proteins ltd Company due to heavy demand of cottonseeds edible oil in market. For the retailers and timely accurate service provided by the company. N.K.Proteins ltd has relation with retailers more than 10
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years long. This is due to constant service, good marketing team efforts and good distribution channel in Ahmadabad city. Through our survey it is found out that health factor in the buying decision of customers holds the significant importance. Quality of edible oil gives an impact on the buying decision of the customers. Quantity and ingridiance in edible oil are also important factors which effect the decisions of the customers towards the edible oil product. On the basis of the survey, it is found that the Tirupati edible oil is highly consumable. The reason behind it is high Quality and good taste and smell in the product. Company should give display at different stores where the sales of edible oil is found less. The display should be in such direction that the customer entering the store gets directly attracted towards that display which is exclusively for Tirupati edible oil products. Company should give timely training to the sales staff which are working under the distributors of the company in west zone. Company should promote other brand and give sample of these brand with highly selling brand. Overall it can be said that most of the customers and retailers are satisfied with Tirupati edible oil.
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INDEX
CONTETS Prefaces Acknowledgement Executive Summary Chapter -1 Chapter-2 chapter -3 chapter -4 Introduction Types of edible oil Industry Overview Company Profile Literature Review and Research Methodology Literature Review Research Methodology Scope of the study Research design Primary Data Secondary data Sampling process Limitation of the study Data Analysis and Interpretation Customers Retailers Recommendation and Suggestion Finding for the Retailer Finding for the Customer Suggestion Bibliography Annexure
PAGE NO. I II III 1 3 24 37 61 62 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 69 70 106 134 135 137 139 140 143
Chapter-5
Chapter-6
S.V.INSTITUTE OF MNAGEMENT, KADI
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
EDIBLE OIL
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Edible oils are actually (most often) plant-based oils, similar, if not the same as those
produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as bio fuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils are defined by the Government of Ontario, Canada as "a food substance, other than a dairy product, of whatever origin, source or composition that is manufactured for human consumption wholly or in part from a fat or oil other than that of milk". Plant-derived edible oils consist of carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains, in contrast to petroleum-based oils which lack the carboxyl group on the end. The carboxyl group is what makes the oils edible, providing a site for our enzymes to attack and break down the chain in a process called beta-oxidation. The lengths of the hydrocarbon chains and whether they are saturated or not, or unsaturated in a cis or Trans conformation, determines how easily they are metabolized and how healthy or unhealthy they are as part of our diet. Edible oil can be also called as cooking oil, referring to the animal or vegetable fats used in the process of food making. It is in liquid state under normal temperature. Edible oil includes edible vegetable oil and edible animal oil. The common varieties of edible oil are peanut oil, bean oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, lard, butter, etc...There are also new varieties such as sunflower oil and corn germ oil. Due to factors such as source of raw materials, processing technique and quality, most common edible oils are vegetable fats, while blend oil is a kind of top grade edible oil through scientific preparation of two or more edible oils.
Source: commodity.com
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www.agro.product.com
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1. COTTONSEED OIL Cotton seed is one of the popular and traditional oil seed that is being used to extract vegetable oil. It carries around 18%of the oil content and the oil derived from it, cottonseed oil, contributes approximately one fifth of the international vegetable oil production. The remaining percentage of the cottonseed is the cottonseed meal. This oil seed is a by product of the cotton plant and is acquired via ginning process. International Scenario It is estimated that the international output of cottonseed is approximately 35 million tons, in the recent years. Out of this figure, around 27 million is used for the production of oil. The international trade in the cotton oil is roughly 1 million tons. The major producers, exporters, and importers of the cottonseed are as follows. Major producer: India, china, Pakistan and Brazil Major exporters: Australia, U.S. and Mexico Major importers: Europe, and Japan Indian Scenario Processing of cottonseed into vegetable oil is done by various manual, semi-automatic and automatic processes. For this purpose, a wide range of oil mill machinery is used. Some of these machines are Oil Presses, Seed- Preheating Unit, Screw Presses, and many other .In India, various states in which the oil mills are located are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Roughly 95% of the total output comes from these 9 states. Together, all these states produce around 35%of cottonseed as compared to the cotton output of more than 4.5 million tons. Around 80%of the cottonseed production is crushed for production of oil and the remaining is used for feed. The cotton and cottonseed output in India completely depends on various factors such as impulse weather condition and pest attacks. This results in varying cottonseed production every year. Conventionally, the cottonseed is sold via active cash market and through weekly
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auctions. Their prices generally reduce during the months of October-January, which are considered as the peak seasons when the fresh supply arrives in the market. Trading Scenario The Maharashtra State Co-operative Cotton Growers Marketing Federation procures the cottonseed and auctions it at major a trading centre which includes Nagpur, Yeotmal, Akola, and Parbhani. In Maharashtra, the cottonseed is sold via weekly auctions where as in the other states it is sold via active cash in the peak season. 2. SUNFLOWER SEEDS The study of botany reveals that a sunflower seed is a small, one-seeded, and indehiscent fruit. The edible remnant which is taken out by removing the hull or the cover is known as sunflower kernel. Talking about the commercial usage of sunflower seed, it is differentiated on the basis of the patterns on its husk. For instance, if the husk is dark black, the seeds are named as black oil sunflower seeds. The seeds are called striped sunflower seed or stripers, when the husks are striped. The sunflower seeds are generally processed into sunflower oil using various oil mill machinery. The crops of sunflower seed are known as non- oilseed sunflower crops because of their low oil content. The striped sunflower seeds can be called as confectionery sunflower seeds as they are primarily used for the food purpose. There is another variety of sunflower seeds that is whitish and is currently not used for commercial purpose. The most common variety is plain black or black with white stripes. So far as the processing of in-shell seed goes, these are initially dried and later on may be dusted or roasted with salt for preserving their flavour. In-shell sunflower seed are specifically popular in Mediterranean countries such as Turkey and Israel. Besides they are very common in countries like Bulgaria, China, Iran, Romania, Spain and U.S. The hull of the sunflower seeds can be removed through mechanical processes to obtain the defueled kernels. These kernels can be sold raw or as roasted product. Also, these are used with baked product like breads for adding flavour to them. Sunflower seeds are also offered as food for pet animals, birds and are available in small packets or boxes.
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The health benefits of sunflower seeds are numerous. It is a rich source of linoleic acid, which is an essential fatty acid. It is also a great source of protein, vitamins like vitamin B and vitamin E, dietary fibre, iron, zinc and calcium. One of the distinguished advantages of sunflower seed is that it is rich in cholesterol-lowering phytosterols. The oil content in sunflower seeds is 32-40% which is quite lower as compared to the groundnut, Castor seed, coconut, palm oil seeds, sesame seeds and linseeds. There are also some of the edible oil seeds that have even lower oil content than the sunflower seed. For instance, cotton seeds and soy bean have oil content ranging from 18-22%. The palm fruit, another edible oilseed has oil content ranging in between 20-22%. 3. RAPESEEDS Rapeseed belongs to the family of brassicaceae, which is also known as mustard or cabbage family. The name rape seed has been derived From the Latin for turnip, rapum or rapa. It was first recorded in English, towards the end of 14th century. Rape seed is a bright yellow flower, which is also popular as rape, rapa, rape seed, canola, and oil seed rape. This seed is a valuable and harvested part of the crop, which is generally grown as a crop of winter-cover. In winters, it offers appreciable coverage of soil and reduces the nitrogen run-off. On few organic or ecological operations, various live stocks like cattle or sheep are tactically allowed to graze plants. In the special case of specific group cultivars, rape seed is known as canola. It is a hybrid of rape that was bred in Canada, initially. In the 19th century, Rape seed oil was developed for seam engine (as a source of lubricant). With the passage of time, it has been bred for the reduction of acid amount and yield palatable oil. Apart from being used for the production of vegetable oil for human consumption, rape seed is also used for developing animal feed, and biodiesel. The leading producers of rape seed include Indian, China, Australia, United States, Canada, and European Union. In India, the rape seed is grown over an area of 13% of cropped land. In fact, as per a report by United States Department Of Agriculture, in the year 2000, rape seed was the 3rd leading oilseed throughout the world, with only soya bean & oil palm ahead of it. Also, food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reported that in the year 2003-2004
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the production of rape seed was at 36 million tonnes, and in the year 2004-2005 it was at 46 million tonnes. The natural rape seed oil has 50% of euric acid, where as wild type seed has high levels of consolidate glue or mustard oil consolidate glue & chemical. Canola is generally a compact form of the abbreviation Can. O., L-A. Which refers to Canadian oil seed, Low-acid? Nowa-days it has become a trade-name for double-low rape seed , which means low consolidate glue and low euric acid rape seed. Rape seed processing When rape seed is processed for the production of oil, then rape seed animal meal is acquired as a by product. This by product is known as the animal feed that has high protein content. This oilseed is a heavy nectar product and it is used by the honeybees for the production of light coloured & peppery honey. After its processing is finished, it must be immediately extracted as it speedily granulates. In case the honey is used for table, it is generally blended with milder honey, or sold as a bakery grade. It is a common trend that the growers of the rape seed keep a contract with the beekeepers for the purpose of crop pollination. Also, processing of rape seed requires a wide range of durable and precision-engineered machinery or to be specific oil mill machinery. With the assistance of these machines, it is ensured that the final oil which is produced is completely pure, refined, and safe to use. 4. GROUND NUT SEEDS Amongst various oil seed present in the world wide arena, Groundnut is the most important one. Groundnut or peanut is popular for its ability to survive as well as handle all the unfavourable agro-climatic condition. The oil content in groundnut is around 40% and the protein content is around 25%. The edible oil produced from groundnut is used in various parts of world and the oil cake produced after the oil extraction is used as the cattle feed. Brief history of groundnut Groundnut is also known as a rachis hypogeal and it is believed that it is the native of Brazil to Peru, Ghana and Argentina. It was from here that it was introduced into the island of Cuba,
Jamaica and other West Indies island. In India, groundnut was introduced during the first half of 16th century from some Pacific Island of China. Indian Groundnut Oilseed From the entire worlds groundnut production, 50% is accounted by India and China together. In India, groundnut is the primary oilseed crop that accounts for the 55% of domestic oilseed production along with 45% of oilseed area. Established as the 3rd largest producer of the groundnut in the global arena, India has the production rate of more than 5-6 million tons annually. The leading Indian states in producing the groundnut are Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. These states account for approximately 75% of the total domestic output. In India, out of the total oilseed production capacity, groundnut has nearly 25%of share. About 75% output is seen in the months of June-September (khariff season) ,while remaining is seen in the months of November-March(rabi season). Some Important Facts International production of groundnut seed as well as oil fluctuates between 2124and 4-5.5 Million tons. China (2-2.5million tons) and India (1.5-2 million tons) are the two primary producers of Groundnut Oil. These countries are followed by Sub-Saharan African countries and Central As well as South America. International trade of groundnut oil is 1 lakh tons annually (maximum) EU and U.S. are major importers of the groundnut. Senegal and Argentina are the major exporters of groundnut.
Groundnut Oilseed and Its Prices India is a country with different climatic conditions and hence this factor has a direct effect on the production of groundnut. In particular, the South-West monsoon has a substantial role in the domestic groundnut production. In fact, the price of this oilseed depends completely on the prices of other oilseeds such as soya bean, sunflower, mustard, and other. Various factors that affect the groundnut prices are as follows:
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International price movement of soy oil at CBOT and palm oil at BMD Festivals & celebrations increases the prices of groundnut
Groundnut Improvement Programs Throughout the world, there are various groundnut improvement programs being conducted. The main purpose of these programs is to develop high-yield cultivars of required duration that have good resistance / tolerance towards single as well as multiple stresses. These groundnut improvement programs are also targeted to create stress management strategies. However, there are various novel techniques that have not made any impact on the research work related to groundnut. These techniques are molecular makers added selection, genetic transformation & gene transfer from alien source. 5. SOYA BEAN Soya Bean or Soybean is an essential seed, which provides oil and protein for animal feeds or rations. Soya Bean occurs in various sizes, and it is available in black, brown, blue, yellow, green and many other seed coat colours. Remarkably, it contains very high levels of protein that can survive after water absorption. Soya Bean seed appears in a large variety of processed foods and it is consumed directly by humans. Soya Bean is largely used in food industry as it is a cholesterol-lowering food, which gives heart and health benefits of human beings. Cultivation of soya bean is successful in hot summers with optimum growing conditions in minimum temperatures. Now days, the soya bean is prime food in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.
Soya Bean is a vegetable seed, which cooks more easily. Such kind of food is higher in protein, lower in oil and it provides a mild nutty flavour with better texture. The bulk of the soybean seed is grown for oil production, used as livestock feed. Soya Bean contains is flavones, which are consumed in the human diet. Processed soya bean is among the richest foods in total phytoestrogens, which is present primarily in the form of the flavones daidze in and ganister in. It is considered that women with breast cancer should be aware of the risks of potential tumour growth by taking soya products. Soya vegetable oil is another valuable
product of processing the soybean that is important ingredient in many meat and dairy analogues. Soya Bean is a proper source of complete protein, which contains significant amounts of all the essential amino acids that must be provided to the human body because of the body's inability to synthesize them. For this reason, soy is a good source of protein that can be used for vegetarians or for people who cannot afford meat. For human consumption, soybeans must be cooked with heat water in order to destroy the serine protease inhibitors. In other words, soya protein is the nutritional equivalent of meat, eggs, and casein for human growth and health. However, it is not advisable to consume raw soybeans. The FDA (Food & Drug Administration) granted a health claim for soya bean, i.e. - "25 grams of soy protein a day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease." 6. CORN GERM Corn, which is also known as Maize is one of the most popular cereals and is also one of the most grown crops all over the world. Cereal grains mainly comprises of three parts, namely the bran, the germ, and the endosperm. The reproductive part that germinates to grow into a plant is known as the germ. It is also known as the embryo of the seed.
It is one of the by-products of milling, and is used as a source of extracting vegetable oil / edible oil as one bushel of corn contains about 2.8% of oil in it. The corn germ is obtained through two different processes that are as follows:

Dry degermination Wet degermination.
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A methodological and systematic process has to be adopted for the extraction of oil from the Corn Germs. This oil is also known as Maize Oil or Corn Oil and is available in the market at very competitive prices as compared to other oils. This oil is known for its high smoke point, which makes it ideal for frying food. The Corn Germs that are obtained through the processes of either wet degermination or dry degermination are used for the oil extraction process. The corn germs are then conditioned and flaked so that the yield of oil will be of a high quantity. After the conditioning and flaking processes, the corn germs are further fed into the oil expellers / screw presses so that the oil will be pressed in the process. The oil that is extracted through expelling is then collected and sent for filtration so that the end oil product can be used for human consumption. Corn Germ oil is estimated to contain life essential fatty acids and has a very mild taste. It is also a well known source of Vitamin E. Like all other edible oils, this oil is also used for cooking purposes especially for frying, stewing, and roasting. Apart from culinary purposes, Corn Germ oil is also used as a biodiesel. 7. MUSTARD SEED A wide range of oil mill machinery is used to process mustard seed into refined edible oil. Mustard seed has a yellowish colour and contains 38% to 45% of oil content. These small seeds are widely used in various countries as spices. Mustard seeds are obtained from the bush like mustard plant that belongs to the same genus as the plant of Rapeseed. Mustard seeds are used for the production of mustard seed oil and oil cake. This oil is yellow in colour and is obtained after the crushing of the seed. In the marketplace, mustard oil is not differentiated from the rape oil as both belong to same species and have similar properties. When the mustard seeds are processed into oil, a by-product is produced which is seed's pressed cakes that have little amount of oil content in them. Oil cakes are made from these cakes from the process of distillation and these are used as animal feed. The production process yields 37% of oil and remaining is the oil cake.
Throughout the globe, the production of mustard seed is on rise. World's overall production of mustard seed was at 36.54 million tonnes in the year 2001-02, and with each passing year it is increasing at a rapid pace. Amongst the list of mustard seed producing countries, European Union holds the top position. When it comes to exporting of mustard seed, then Canada is the leading exporter. Canada is followed Australia in the seed production. So far as primary seed importing countries are concerned, Japan, Mexico, and United States leads the list. Cultivation of Mustard Seed The cultivation of mustard seed is done throughout the globe. This seed is generally a winter crop and to prosper, it demands a temperature climate. In India, the planting or sowing season is during October-November, which is also known as the Rabi season. The mustard plant (from which mustard seed is extracted) starts to flower during the period of November to February. In the months of February and March, it is the harvesting period. For perfect prosper, the mustard plant required a specific amount of rainfall, which is provided by the monsoon. In fact, the mustard crop provides a very good soil cover in winter. 8. SESAME SEED Amongst the wide range of oilseeds available throughout the world, sesame seed is a special one. These seeds have around 50 to 56% oil content in them and are processed using a wide range of sophisticated and efficacious oil mill machinery. Some of these machinery include Seed Cleaners, Seed Flakers, Seed Crackers / Breakers, Hullers, and many others. These machineries make the job a lot easier and ensure perfect processing & refining of the edible oil. Brief History of Sesame Seed & Its Oil In various countries, especially West Asia, Sesame Seed is considered a crucial ingredient of their culinary traditions. The oil derived from this oilseed is being used for over a 1000 years for healing purposes. In fact, Vedas have recommended sesame oil as an excellent option for all the humans. It acts as an antibacterial for a natural anti inflammatory agent, natural
antiviral, and common skin pathogens. Sesame oil is now-a-days used for cooking, paints, cosmetics, and lubricants. In the domestic market, Sesame Seeds can be found in three varieties that are:

Yellowish seeds Red seeds Black seeds
Production Output of Sesame Seed At the global level, the annual output of sesame seed is approximately 3 million ton. In this output, India and China have a substantial share. China is the highest producer of seeds, followed by India. Internationally, the sesame seed production is seen mainly in some of the countries of Africa and Asia. According to an estimate, the global trade of sesame seed is around 500,000-600,000 ton every year. From the last decade, there has been rise in the production and consumption of Sesame Seeds. India has a very important part in the international sesame business, as it has the share of about 30% of the total global output. In India, the Sesame seeds are mainly cultivated in the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal, and Orissa. The states of Orissa, Assam, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh (that form the eastern region of India) primarily produce Red and Black varieties of Sesame Seeds. As compared to the white Sesame Seed that is grown in Maharashtra and other western states of India, the Red and Black Sesame Seeds are inferior in quality. In the eastern states, Sesame is sown with light usage of fertilizers, after the potato crop. It does not demand too much water and less amount of irrigation is required in it.
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9. SHEA NUT
The Shea Nut consists of a thin, tart, nutritious pulp that surrounds a relatively large, oil-rich seed. It is extracted from shea tree, which has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and many more advantages. Shea Nut takes 46 months to ripen and it is extensively used for food and medicinal purposes especially in West Bengal. Shea Nut is obtained through four major processes, which include Seed cleaning, Seed seizing (Hammer Mill), Expelling, and Filtration. Further, the seed seizing process is done by hammer mill in order to produce optimum quality Shea Nut. Having high melting point, the Shea nut is widely used in the making of foods, manufacturing soap, cosmetic & traditional drug especially in rural areas. The production of this seed is an important source of income for many women. After removing the green pulp exterior, another method is to bury the fruit in the ground so that the pulp ferments and falls off. After this, the nuts are sun dried and then smoked for 3 to 4 days. Then, the dried nuts are being stored for long periods without significant losses. 10. COCOA BEAN Cocoa Bean is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the brome cacao. It is found in cocoa pods, which grows on trees of Africa and Central & South America. It has a rough leathery rind about 3 cm thick, filled with sweet, mucilaginous pulp, which is enclosed with 30 to 50 large seeds. These seeds are fairly soft and pale pink or lavender in colour. The eight largest cocoa-producing countries at present are Ivory Coast, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Brazil, Ecuador and Malaysia.
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Cocoa Bean processing The basic extraction process of the Cocoa bean includes various steps that are seed cleaning, de-stoning, roasting, decortications, and cocoa's nib expelling. After the end of these processes, cocoa butter is acquired, which is filtered to get the resultant product. The processing of raw cocoa beans into cocoa mass has to go through number of different stages. First raw cocoa beans are fermented and dried & then it is cleaned to remove undesired waste particles. Then the following steps are followed:

Cocoa beans are mixed into desired blend These are then fragmented and stripped off their husks. After this process, we get the inner part of the seed which is known as 'nib'
The cocoa bean nibs are heat treated to remove possible bacteria These are subsequently roasted and grounded into a liquid cocoa mass The nibs are alkalized before, during or after the roasting process to determine the colour and taste of the cocoa mass
Various equipments that are used in the processing process include seed cleaners, seed crackers / breakers, destoners, decorticators / separators, filter presses, and many others. 11. MACADAMIA NUTS The Macadamia genus comprises of eight species, out of which only two produce nuts that can be used for human consumption. The genus of this plant comes under the family of Proteaceae, which actually produces mostly poisonous and inedible nuts. The edible nuts from the Macadamia plants have been cultivated over the last one hundred years. John Macadam was the first person to have described the genus, thus, the plant / tree was named after him. The edible nuts that are derived from this plant are well known for their rich flavour and are mostly cultivated in Australia and Hawaii. Macadamia nuts are available in the
market at very expensive prices. One of the major reasons for its high cost is because the nuts have very hard kernels, which are generally very hard to crack. Once the nuts are cracked, the shell reveals an ivory coloured kernel which contains a large amount of oil and has a creamy, buttery flavour. These nuts can be eaten directly or can be roasted or ground into nut butter.
In order to extract the oil from Macadamia seeds, a systematic process of oil processing should be carried out. The seeds have to be firstly cracked and cleaned, so that all the unwanted materials are eradicated out in the process. The meat or the kernel of the seeds is further cooked so that the seeds are conditioned. It is very important that the seeds are conditioned as it speeds up the oil expelling process as well as increases the oil yield.
After the seeds are conditioned, they are conveyed or transported to the oil expelling machines / screw presses, where they are fed into the machines. As the seeds enter the machines, they are expelled and hence the oil is extracted. The extracted oil is further collected and sent for refining and filtration, as the crude oil cannot be directly used for human consumption. Due to its high content of palmitoleic acid, Macadamia oil is also a popular ingredient used in cosmetics, especially for skincare.
12. PALM KERNEL The palm fruit takes six months to get mature after pollination. Each fruit consist of an oily, fleshy outer layer, along with a single kernel which is rich in oil. The palm fruit is reddish and about the size as of a large plum and grows in large bunches. Each fruit contains a single palm kernel surrounded by a soft oily pulp. Palm Kernel Seeds, a true native to Africa are used to extract palm-kernel oil from various methods. These methods include roasting the seeds, cracking and grinding the palm kernel
seeds to extract the oil by modernized methods. It is designed to extract every possible oil from the seeds. Palm kernel is the leftovers after kernel oil is pressed out from the nut in the palm fruit. Palm Kernel Processing To extract the oil from the kernels, proper pre-treatment is required. First kernel is cleaned to remove foreign materials that may cause damage to the screw-presses, increasing maintenance costs and down time. Magnetic separators are installed to remove metal debris and vibrating screen to sieve sand, stones or other undesirable materials. Kernels are divided into small fragments with the use of swinging hammer grinder and breaker rollers. It increases the surface area of kernels, thus facilitating flaking. Then kernel fragments are subjected to flaking in a roller mill. Kernel cakes thickness gets reduced as it travels from the top roller to the bottom. The kernel flakes are then conveyed to a stack cooker for steam conditioning, the purpose of which is to adjust moisture, rupture cell walls, reduce viscosity of oil and coagulate the protein in the meal, which facilitate separation of the oil from protein material. 13. JATROPHA Jatropha is originated in Central America and found in many tropical and subtropical areas, including India, Africa, and North America. It is a shrub that does not grow very tall. A genus of Jatropha consists of around 175 succulent plants, shrubs and trees and from the family Euphorbiaceous. Euphorbiaceous family contains plants that contain highly toxic compounds. Jatropha in the recent times has evolved as one of the best alternatives for future biodiesel production. Nevertheless, the variable productivity because of less domestication of plant and ignorance about the long term impact on soil quality and environment make the plant little alienated.
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The common Jatropha seed is hard and resistant to drought and pests, and produces 2740% oil. The remaining press cake of Jatropha seeds after oil extraction could also be considered for energy production. The main production stages of the Jatropha include seed cleaning, de-stoning, decortications, meat cooking / conditioning, expelling and filtration. Jatropha is a vegetable oil and such oils are extracted by chemical extraction (also called the modern way). Here, the solvent extracts are used that produces higher yields, and are quicker as well as less expensive. In this process, the most common solvent which is used is Hexane, which is a petroleum derived product. Vegetable oils are also extracted by the method of physical processing. It has a positive effect as it does not use solvent extracts. The process of extraction leads to a pure and perfect oil, which has great health benefits. Most of the developed countries such as US and many parts of Europe prefer this oil as health food. There are other types of extractions that are used in vegetable oil processing such as expeller-pressed extraction, screw press, etc. In Indian subcontinent Jatropha oil is promoted as an easily grown biofuel crop in number of projects. The Jatropha is planted in the sides of railway lines of Mumbai and Delhi and in fact, the train runs on 15-20% biodiesel. In Africa, cultivation of Jatropha is being promoted and it is grown successfully in countries such as Mali.
14. LINSEED One of the important oilseed & fibre crop, which is popular throughout the world is Linseed. This crop is grown for its fibre and seed, which is used to produce linen. The linen seed has the oil content in the range of 33% to 47%. When the oil is pressed out, it leaves a by-product known as oil cake, which is commonly used as cattle feed. The linseed oil produced is a yellowish drying oil, which is derived from the flax plant's dried ripe seeds.
Linseed is also known as flax seed, which is available in two general varieties that are brown and yellow or golden. These seeds are chemically stable and the entire milled flax seed can be stored for minimum 4 months, at room temperature, that too with the assurance of least or absolutely no change in its taste or smell. However, the ground flaxseed may get rotten in just one week, at the room temperature. This can be avoided by proper storage or refrigeration in the sealed containers. In the world wide scenario, the global annual output of linseed is approximately 2.60 million tons. The list of linseed producers is being lead by India, US, Canada, and China. Among these countries, Canada has the maximum share of linseed trade, which is about 80% of the overall global rate. The domestic and international production of linseed together has been calculated roughly between 6, 00,000 ton 7, 00,000 ton. In the global ratings, India is at the third position for the production of linseed. Indian linseed is cultivated as the rabi crop. Its sowing season is October & November, whereas its harvesting season is February to April, in India. Madhya Pradesh is one such Indian state, which has been leading in the production of linseed crop which is divided into two main categories - alluvial and peninsular (depending on the root formations). This oilseed is processed by using various oil mill machinery such as Seed Cleaner, Seed Elevator, Seed Cracker, Seed Conveyor etc. Some of the important points related to the linseed oil are as follows:

Main trading centres in India are Agra, Indore, Gwalior, and Kanpur Main consumption centres in India are Delhi, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh
15. CASTOR SEEDS When it comes to the production of Castor seed and its oil, then India is the global leader and it outshines the international trade of Castor oil. This oilseed is extracted from Castor, which is a Khariff crop whose sowing season is from July to October & the harvesting time is from October
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to April. Primarily, Castor is cultivated because of its oil that has extreme commercial importance. Some of the significant facts related to India's export rate of Castor, Castor Oil and Castor Seed are as follows:

Around 2.0 - 2.4 lakh tons of commercial Castor oil Around 50,000 - 60,000 tons of Castor seed extractions Around 15,000 - 20,000 tons of Castor seed.
India's production of Castor moves reciprocally between 6 to 9 lakh tons annually. In the year 2003-2004, India's produced 8.04 lakh tons of Castor which increased to nearly 9.10 lakh ton in 2007-08. Castor produced in India has 48% oil content, out of which only 42% is extractable, and the remaining part is retained by the cake. The production of Castor oil requires perfect processing of the Castor seeds and hence various oil mills have been developed in different parts of India. In all the oil mills there are various machines installed for carrying out the production processes. This oil mill machinery are based on innovative technology and can be operated easily. Owing to the various oil mill machinery, India has gain a respectable position in the global arena for producing qualitative Castor seeds. In India, Castor seed in mainly produced in three states Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. The oil is produced by the extraction from the Castor seed and this oil is primarily exported, whereas its cake finds usage as manure. A brief of Caster seed production in the aforesaid states is given below: Gujarat Castor seeds are developed throughout the Gujarat region. The production rate in this region increased to 6.50 lakh ton in 2007-08 from the previous rate of about 4.90 lakh ton in 200607. It has been estimated that in the coming years Castor seed production will reach around 8 lakh tons, since remunerative prices are being offered to the customers for their produce. This has motivated them in giving due importance to the cultivation of Castor seeds.
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Rajasthan In India, this is the second largest producer of Castor seeds. In the time period of 2006-07 as well as in 2007-08, approximately 1.40 lakh ton Castor was produced, although the sowing area increased. It is expected that the production rate will increase to 1.70 lakh tons in the coming years. Andhra Pradesh It is the third largest Indian state to produce Castor seeds. The production rate in this region decreased to 90 thousand ton in 2007-08 from the previous rate of about 1.10 lakh ton in 2006-07. It is expected that the production rate of this Castor seeds in this state will further decrease to 70,000 tons, mainly due to insufficient rains. Other States Around 30,000 tons Castor seed is also produced in Maharashtra and some other states. India is the only exporter of Castor oil. However, some other countries are also produces it but that fulfils only their domestic demand. 16. CASHEW SHELL
The oil that is extracted from the fruit of the cashew referred as cashew oil. A cashew nut has a hard shell outside with two layers. The outer layer is oily and inner layer hard within the soft nut is contained. Cashew nut shell liquid oil extract from the outer layer. Some researches have found that the oil is being used to treat dental cavities. Other benefit includes to prevent it from termite attack and useful in treating wood. Other uses of cashew oils are to used as an additive to brake fluid, to reduce brake fade and brake lining wear.
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Cashew Shells are widely processed into oil by using different techniques and state-of-the-art equipment. Various cashew shell oil manufacturers use top class machines in carrying out the processes of shell conveying, expelling, and oil treatment. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Oil often known as CNSL or vegetable oil is an effective material from industrial usage. It is a renewable material and thus has an important part to play in the industry, and because of this, it has an advantage over synthetics. It has innumerable application and widely used for its versatility. CNSL has a chemical property that has special structural features, which transform the specialty chemicals and high value polymers. The oil thus, provides a value addition of chemical features that provides 100% pure chemically pure products. Therefore, cashew nut shell liquid oil is widely used in specialty chemicals, high value products, and polymers.
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Type of oil Almond Butter
Uses Baking, sauces, flavouring Cooking, flavouring baking, condiment, sauces,
Ghee, clarified butter
Deep frying, cooking, sauteing, condiment, flavouring
Coconut oil
Commercial baked goods, candy and sweets, whipped toppings, non-dairy coffee creamers, shortening
Rice bran oil
Cooking,
frying,
deep
frying,
salads,
dressings. Very clean flavoured & palatable. Corn oil Frying, baking, salad dressings, margarine, shortening Cottonseed oil Margarine, shortening, salad dressings,
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commercially fried products Grape seed oil Margarine, hard Mustard oil Cooking, salad dressings, margarine Cooking, baking, condiment Cooking, frying, deep frying, salads,
dressings. Very clean flavoured & palatable. Palm oil Peanut oil Safflower oil Soybean oil Cooking, flavouring, vegetable oil, shortening Frying, cooking, salad oils, margarine Cooking, salad dressings, margarine Cooking, salad dressings, vegetable oil,
margarine, shortening
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CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
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GLOBLE SCENARIO
The Oil Industry started off more than five thousand years back. Oil sipping up from the ground was used to make the boats waterproof in the Middle East and also used as medicating as well as for painting different things. The demand for Oil was much higher than what it actually produced and this brought forward the concept of making oil production companies which is collectively known as the Oil Industry. The Oil Industry is a very important industry in the world and a lot depends on the price of the oil and it has been observed that whenever the oil prices increase the price of various products also increases. The Oil Industry also through oil production accounts for a large amount of the consumption of energy. In this issue the Middle East is in the first position and the lowest consumption is done by the countries in Europe. Indian society has traditionally been consuming butterfat Desi Ghee prepared from butter by heating, as a cooking medium of choice. However, this product has been in short supply for a long time due to numerous reasons. Therefore, the past few decades have witnessed an increasing dependence on the vegetable oil, and product derive from it. Until the midseventies domestic production of edible oils was sufficient to meet 75% of the domestic requirements. A high rate of growth in vegetable oil consumption afterwards due to population growth , increase in per capita income, and decrease in the price of vegetable ghee, created a gap between production and demand. The share of imported oils and fats has thus been increasing gradually to fill loop this gap . Indians Edible industry was nationalized and a public sector organisation was created to run this industry. Since private sector has been allowed to emerge and grow. Most of the units under the control of NDDB. At present 80% of the sector is under private being processed.
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Indian Edible Oil Industry

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The Indian edible oil economy is the worlds fourth largest after the US, China and Brazil,
harvesting about 35 million tons of oilseeds against the world. Since 1995, Indian share in world production of oilseeds has been around 10 percent. Although, India is a major producer of oilseeds, per capita oil consumption in India is only 10.6 kg/annum which is low compared to 12.5 kg/annum in China, 20.8 kg/annum in Japan, 21.3 kg/annum in Brazil and 48.0 kg/annum in USA. Vegetable oil consumption has increased following a rise in household incomes and consumer demand. India imports more than half (54%) of its edible oil requirement, making it the worlds third largest importer of edible oil. The country buys soya oil from Argentina & Brazil and palm oil from Malaysia & Indonesia. Currently, India accounts for 11.2 per cent of vegetable oil import and 9.3 per cent of edible oil consumption. Oilseed cultivation is undertaken across the India in two seasons, in about 26 million hectares; mainly on marginal lands, dependent on monsoon rains (un-irrigated) and with low levels of input usage. Yields are rather low at less than one ton per hectare. Of the edible oil crops, only oil palm has the potential to increase the yield per hectare, in a short time with YPH of 4 to 6 tonnes oil per hectare. In addition, unlike annual oilseed crops that need to be sown every year, oil palm has a productive life of about 25 years. This is the reason, Indian Govt. has allocated 300 cores in current budget year to promote the oil palm cultivation and support the farmers during initial unproductive phase (4 years) of oil palm cultivation, this budget outlay would be continued for few more years to bring edible oil production to higher level and reduce the dependency on imports from south Asia.
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India imports nearly 90 lakh tones of edible oil. "Of this total imports, nearly 70 lakh tone is
palm oil. Palm oil is largely imported from Malaysia. FM has said the initiative to bring 60,000 hectares under palm oil plantation will generate 3 lakh metric tons of palm oil annually in 5 years. This volume is not huge to meet the growing demand of palm oil in the country," said Mr. Angshu Mallik, VP (sales and marketing) at AdaniWilmar.
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The domestic production of edible oil meets only about 50% of the country's demand. The gap in supply is met through imports which are often at high prices. The oilseeds production in 2010-11 is pegged at 278 lakh tones as against 249 lakh tones in 2009-10.
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Mr. Agarwal feels that the FM's move will trigger a series of trial and research in the palm
oil sector. Added Mr. P.K. Sardar, executive director at Central Organization for Oil Industry & Trade: "There will be no immediate impact of FM's proposal. But the move will help farmers who will opt for palm oilseed production as their returns will improve."
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ICRA Rating Services has come out with its report on Indian Edible Oils Industry. The
rating agency has summarized
Its opinion about key trends and credit implications of Indian edible oils industry in its July 2011 report.
Summary Opinion
The demand for edible oils in India has shown a steady growth at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 4.43% over the period from 2001 to 2011. The growth has been driven by improvement in per capita consumption, which in turn is attributable to rising income levels and living standards. However, the current per capita consumption levels of India (at 13.3 Kg/year for 2009-10) are lower than global averages (24 kg/year).1 The Indian edible oils market continues to be underpenetrated and given the positive macro and demographic fundamentals it has a favorable demand growth outlook over the medium-tolong term. In terms of volumes, palm oil, soybean oil and mustard oil are the three largest consumed edible oils in India, with respective shares of 46%, 16% and 14% in total oil consumption in 2010. Given the high price consciousness and varied taste preferences of Indian consumers, ICRA expects these three oils to continue to account for the bulk of edible oil consumption in the country.
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There has been a significant gap between demand and supply of edible oil because of limited availability of oil seeds and shifting of acreage to other crops in the domestic market. This gap has been met through imports, which account for almost 45-50% of the total oil consumption. In H1OY2010-11,2 edible oil imports were observed to be the lowest in the last three years in view of improvement in domestic oilseed production. Notwithstanding that, ICRA expects the high dependence on imported oils to continue in the foreseeable future due to anticipated domestic supply constraints and the high cost competitiveness of imported oils. Refined and crude palm oil (CPO) have accounted for the major portion of edible oil imports in India (74% in OY2009-10) mainly due to their relatively low prices and ample availability. ICRA expects the dominance of palm oil in imports to continue in the near-to-medium term. Given the high reliance on imports, domestic edible oil prices have largely been linked to international edible oil prices. After the decline in FY09, international edible oil prices remained at subdued levels during most part of FY10. The prices of major edible oils rose in H2FY11 on account of anticipated higher demand for bio-fuels, given the high crude oil prices as well as expected production shortfalls in palm oil production. Prices have, however, corrected and stabilized in recent months on account of better-than-expected CPO production from Indonesia/Malaysia during Feb-March 2011; demand rationing due to high prices in developing countries suffering from high levels of food inflation besides the geopolitical situation in the Middle East and North Africa. The improved pricing levels for Oil Year (OY) 2011 as compared to OY 2010 have provided some comfort to small/medium scale domestic solvent extractors and enabled relatively better capacity utilization levels. Over the near term, edible oil prices are expected to remain firm, considering the strong demand for alternative sources of energy like bio-fuels in view of the continued rise in crude oil prices. The Indian edible oil industry is highly fragmented, with the presence of a large number of participants in the organized and unorganized sectors. This has resulted in severe competition and inherently thin profitability margins. Further, the profitability of market participants has also been vulnerable to risks emanating from weak harvests; commodity price volatility and forexs movements.
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ICRA notes that while the share of branded oils segment has remained low over the years, it is poised for growth in view of rising income levels; uptrend in urbanization and increasing quality consciousness of Indian consumers. The Government of India has cut down import duties on edible oil since April 2008. The current duty differential between crude and refined oils stands at 7.5%, which provides protection to domestic refiners against competition from imported refined oils. Going forward, the industrys profitability is vulnerable to any reduction in this duty differential. From a business risk perspective, ICRA considers the flexibility to modify product portfolio as a key strength in a market characterized by commodity price volatility. Accordingly, players with a diversified presence and exposure to the three major categories of oil, namely, palm oil, soybean oil and mustard oil, would be better positioned for growth as compared to players with single product concentration. Further, according to ICRA, the large-scale integrated players are better placed than small and mid-sized manufacturers to withstand the challenges in the business environment on the strength of benefits related to economies of scale such as marginally lower cost of production and access to cheaper working capital credit. From the perspective of revenue growth and profitability, market participants with a high share of established branded products are better placed than participants operating in the commoditized bulk market. In the recent past, the Indian edible oil industry has witnessed organic and inorganic expansion by some of its major participants. While ICRA views the increase in scale as a credit positive, the impact of these capes activities on the capital structure and the ability to scale up revenues and profitability to the envisaged extent will be some of the variables to be closely observed from a credit perspective.
BACKGROUND
Edible oils constitute an important component of food expenditure in Indian households. Historically, India has been a major importer of edible oils with almost 30-40% of its requirements being imported till 1980s. In 1986, the Government of India established the Technology Mission on Oilseeds and Pulses (TMOP) in order to enhance the production of
oilseeds in the country. The TMOP launched special initiatives on several critical fronts such as improvement of oilseed production and processing technology; additional support to oilseed farmers and processors besides enhanced customs duty on the import of edible oils. Consequently, there was a significant increase in oilseeds area, production, and yields until the late-1990s. However, in order to fulfill its obligations towards various international trade agreements and also meet the increasing demand-supply deficits, India began to reduce import restrictions on edible oils in the late 1990s; and it was gradually brought under Open General License. This led to a significant slump in the domestic oil seeds market, as edible oil prices fell sharply in line with the low international prices prevailing at that time. Subsequently, the duty structure was modified so as to maintain a duty differential between crude and refined varieties in order to protect the domestic industry. Nevertheless, due to high import dependence, domestic edible oil prices remain highly correlated to international edible oil price movement, and this has resulted in volatility in the key credit metrics of rated edible oil companies. At the same time, ICRA notes that edible oil companies with benefits of largescale integrated operations, multi-product offerings and recognizable branded presence in retail markets have fared better as compared to small/medium-scale domestic oilseed crushers.
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Types of Oils commonly in use in India:
India has a wide range of oilseeds crops grown in its different agro climatic zones. Groundnut, mustard/rapeseed, sesame, safflower, linseed, nigerseed / castor seed are the major traditionally cultivated oilseeds. Soybean and sunflower have also assumed importance in recent years. Groundnut, soya bean and mustard together contribute about 85 percent of the countrys oilseeds production. Coconut is most important amongst the plantation crops. Efforts are being made to grow oil palm in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu in addition to Kerala and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Among the nonconventional oils, rice bran oil and cottonseed oil are the most important. In addition, oilseeds of tree and forest origin, which grow mostly in tribal inhabited areas, are also a significant source of oils. The opening of Indias economy and increasing exposure to world trends in cuisine and other areas has slowly brought olive oil to the attention of health8
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conscious Indians. The growing popularity is shown in the increase in imports of olive oil, which has gone up from 2300 tonnes in 2007 to around 4500 tonnes in 2008. Demand is estimated to increase to 42,000 tonnes in 2012, with the growing middle class affluence and concerns about health and fitness.
Indian oil seed production scenario:

India is one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world and this sector occupies an important position in the agricultural economy and accounts for an estimated production of 35 million tonnes of nine cultivated oilseeds during the year 2010-11 with a growth of 20% from 2006-07 production owing to active promotion and support from Indian government. The production of different oilseeds during the period of 2006-07 to 2011-12. Cotton seed production rose at a significant rate during last 5 years in India, because of increase in yield by usage of cotton Groundnut, Soybean and Rapeseed, together account for over 80 percent of total cultivated oilseeds in India. Mustard seed alone contributes Rs.1,20,000 Mln. Turnover out of Rs.6,00,000 Mln. oilseed based Sector domestic turnover. Cottonseed, Copra and other oil-bearing material too contribute to domestic vegetable oil pool. Types of oils commonly in use in India In India consumer oil preferences vary from region to region because preference is based on local cultivations. Region North East West South Preferred oil Mustard, rape, sunflower Mustard, rape, soya bean Groundnut, Cotton Seed, Sunflower, soya bean Coconut, Groundnut, Pamolive
Importance of Edible Oils in the Countrys Economy
Oilseeds and edible oils are two of the most sensitive essential commodities. India is one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world and this sector occupies an important position in
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The economics times
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the agricultural economy and accounting for the estimated production of 28.21 million tonnes of nine cultivated oilseeds during the year 2007-08. India contributes about 6-7% of the world oilseeds production. Export of oil meals, oilseeds and minor oils has increased from
5.06 million Tonnes in the financial year 2005-06 to 7.3 million tons in the financial year 2006-07. In terms of value, realization has gone up from Rs. 5514 Crores to Rs.7997 Crores. India accounted for about 6.4% of world oil meal export.
Domestic consumption and import of edible oils in India:

As mentioned earlier, per capita oil consumption in India stood at 10.6 kg/annum, with rising income levels and popularity of fast foods this figure would only grow to a much higher levels. However, oilseeds output and in turn, vegetable oil production have been trailing consumption growth, necessitating imports to meet supply shortfall. The consumption of different edible oils in India. Palm oil consumption has grown substantially during last five years and occupies about 44% of total edible oil consumption, followed by soybean (16.7%), rapeseed (14.5%), groundnut (8.5%), cotton (7%), sunflower (5.5%) and others (4%).
Since domestic edible oil only supports 46% of domestic consumption, India imports the edible oils from different regions of world. India imports its palm oil requirements from South East Asia and soya bean oil from South America. Major share of Indian edible oil imports is occupied by palm oil, followed by soya bean and sunflower.
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Statutory Regulations:
The Vegetable Oil Industry is administered through the following regulation orders which are statutory in nature and derive their powers from the Essential Commodities Act:
Vegetable Oil Products (Regulation) Order, 1998; Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998; Solvent Extracted Oil and Edible Flour (Control) order,1967.
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Duty Regime:
Custom Duty: With effect from 1st April, 2008, the customs duty on crude and refined forms of Palm Oil, Palmolein, Palm Kernel Oil, Soya bean Oil, Rapeseed/Mustard Oil, Sunflower Oil, Safflower Oil, Groundnut Oil, Coconut Oil and some other Vegetable Oils has been reduced to zero percent and 7.5% respectively. The customs duty on all grades of olive oil has been reduced to 7.5 percent from the previous 45 percent on virgin olive oil and 40 percent each on refined olive oil and olive pomace oil.
Import Duty: The import duty on crude edible oils has been abolished and duty on refined edible oils has been lowered to 7.5%.
Value Added Tax (VAT):

There are differences in the percentage rates and rules from State to State under VAT for oilseeds, oil meals, oilcake and oils. There is an element of 4% VAT on edible oils /oilseeds plus octroi and other local taxes on edible oils imposed by the state governments, which accounts to nearly 6 to 7%. The VAT on Olive oils is also charged at the rate of 4% by the Indian States.
Foreign Direct Investment Policy:

100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed in Indian vegetable oils and vanaspati industry through the automatic route. Moreover in the Food processing sector and the Private oil refineries sector 100% FDI is allowed through the automatic route
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Market Trends:
The total market size of Indian edible oil industry is at Rs. 900 billion and importexport trade is worth Rs.320 billion. India being deficient in oils has to import 50% of its consumption requirements.
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Domestic edible consumption stood at 17 Mln. tonnes in 2011-12 and would reach 24.5 Mln. Tonnes by 2015 if the current growth rate of demand persists. Table 3, shows the projections in demand of edible oils along with changes in key drivers of demand (growth in population and per capita consumption).
Govt. of India has taken many steps to raise the domestic production of edible oils, as this would reduce the imports bill of edible oils (2nd after petroleum products). Some of the measures include raising minimum support for different oil seeds, allocation in budget for raising levels of the palm oil and soya bean cultivation.
The total size of the olive oil market in India is around 4 million euro in terms of value and 2,000 tonnes in terms of volume, out of which Spanish companies command a share of about 60%.
Currently, India accounts for 7.4% of world oilseeds output; 6.1% of world oil meal Production; 3.9% of world oil meal export; 5.8% of world veg.oil production; 11.2% of world veg.oil import; and 9.3% of the world edible oil consumption.
Year
Population (In billion @1.8 growth rate 4% per growth Per capita Kgs. 11.44 11.90 12.37 12.87 13.38 13.92 14.48 15.05 15.66 1316 1393 1475 1561 1653 1750 1853 1962 2077 MT.
Vegetable oil consumption 4% per growth Per capita Kgs. 11.55 12.13 12.73 13.37 14.04 14.74 15.48 16.25 17.06 13.28 14.20 15.18 16.22 17.34 18.53 19.81 21.18 22.63 Mnt. 4% per growth Per capita Kgs. 11.66 12.36 13.10 13.89 14.72 15.60 16.54 17.53 18.58 13.41 14.47 15.61 16.85 18.18 19.62 21.17 22.84 24.65 Mnt.
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1.15 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.33
Table 3: Forecast of demand for edible oil consumption in India.
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India consumes over 7.5 million tons Palm Oil and other Palm Oil Products per annum, while domestic production of Crude Palm Oil in India is hardly 60,000 tons per annum and rising very slowly.
Indian edible oil industry is dependent on imports, so the domestic prices are reflection of international prices. Any change in situation of countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Argentina and Brazil would affect the domestic prices of edible oils, as was evident after the tsunami in Indonesia. Another factor affecting the prices of edible oils is the levels of bio fuel usage in USA, in winter some of the vegetable oils are diverted to bio fuels leading to higher prices.
Growing preference for branded edible oils, because of hygiene factors and health reasons.
Branded edible oils:

Branded segment of edible oils has clocked the growth of 15% during last few years and has good prospects for the future. It occupies about 25% of total edible oil market. But it is not uniform all over India, The branded edible oil market tends to be fragmented based on regional tastes. For e.g. Tamil Nadu accounts for about 50 per cent of the total sunflower oil sales in consumer packs. While soya bean is the oil of choice for consumers in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar and Punjab, sunflower oil is consumed mainly in the southern States and urban India, rapeseed in North, central and east India. While branded soya bean oil is growing at 20-22 per cent annually, the branded sunflower oil market is expanding at 6-8 per cent. Major national players in this segment include AdaniWilmar, Ruchi Soya, ITC agro tech, KS oils, NDDB, Bunge etc.
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Localization of the Industry:
India is one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world. The oilseeds area and output is concentrated in Central and southern parts of India, mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
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Groundnuts:
India ranks second in the world (after China) in groundnut production. The three southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and the western state of Gujarat together account for close to 80% of the annual output in India. Regional trends in groundnut production indicate that the recent increase in groundnut yields has mainly occurred in Tamil Nadu due to increased irrigation. Although Tamil Nadu accounts for 12% of the total area under groundnuts, it contributes to 22% of the total production.
Rapeseed-Mustard:
India ranks fourth (after China, EU and Canada) in the world in the production of Rapeseed. Almost 40 percent of the rapeseed output comes from the state of Rajasthan. Other major states include Uttar Pradesh (18%), Madhya Pradesh (10%) and Haryana (11%). Yield improvements have taken place in all the major states although Haryana shows the maximum growth in yields in the last two decades.
Soybeans:
In India Madhya Pradesh is the leading state in producing soybean followed by Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. On an average, Madhya Pradesh produces 74 percent of India's total soybean crop; Maharashtra, 13 percent; and Rajasthan, 10 percent. The crop has exhibited a vast potential as a monsoon season crop mainly in Central India, and is extending its coverage in the Southern parts of the country.
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CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE
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INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY
N. K. PROTEINS LTD., an ISO 9001:2000 certified companies registered in the year 1993 is engaged in the refining of all types of edible oil. Their refinery is located at village Thor, Tal, Kadi, Dist. Mehsana, and Gujarat. They have the most integrated automatic and continuous plant from Alfa Laval, Pune with the capacity of 400 MT per day of edible oil. They are having well established in house R & D department and supported by well-equipped and scientific testing equipment like Gas Chromatograph etc. They are refining all types of edible oil and sell them under different brand names. Their market share in Refined Cottonseed oil in Gujarat is more than 65%. They are also selling in consumer packs in15 & 5 litres HDPE jars, 1 Litre pouch, 1 Litre Bottle, 500 Ml. & 200Ml Pouch. They are having very good marketing set up in the State of Gujarat. Recently they have started their regular marketing in the State of Rajasthan, Maharashtra and some other parts of India. They are having their own transport division which covers 20 fleet vehicle and 30 tanker to enable the company to provide prompt & quality service to their customers. They are also having in house fabrication unit for manufacturing of tins, corrugated boxes, HDPE jars, which ensures premium quality at an affordable price. OFFICE& PLANT ADDRESS OFFICE : 2nd / 7th Floor, Popular House, Ashram Road, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India Ph No Fax No Email ID PLANT : 079-66309999 : 079-66309913 : info@nkproteis.com : Kadi- Thor Road Opp. Symphony Factory,Thor,
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www.nkproteins.com
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Taluka Kadi Dist. Mehsana, Gujarat.
Ph No
: 02764-274247to 249
COMPANY VISSION & MISSION
VISSION NKPL will continue to maintain its leadership position in the refined & filtered edible oil. 1. Growing their share of the edible oil business. 2. Focusing on cost competitiveness &productivity in all our operation. 3. Expanding the edible oil market through broadening consumer appeal & geographic expansion.
MISSION Looking to the market demand of our products, they are planning to expand further 400MT fully automatic refining plant to satisfy of their customer. 1. Now a day the power cost is very high, so they are planning to install co-generation power for 1.5 MW. 2. They are also planning to go for ISO 22000 and HACCAP.
MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY Chairman& Managing Director Mr. Nimish Patel has over 25 year experience in castor oil and edible oil business. He is a visionary and provides direction to the company. He has been instrumental in the companys Growth and is aggressive in his policies and strategies. Apart from the above, he looks after marketing, both domestic and overseas, as well as the finances of companies under the flagship of N K group of Companies.
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Managing Director Mr. Nilesh Patel has over two decades of experience in castor oil and edible oil business. With his in depth knowledge of the market and the analysis based on it, he has developed expertise in the areas of material procurement and marketing. He also looks into the financial aspects of N K Group of Company. Executive Director Mr. Kamlesh Patel is B. E. Electrical. He has over decades of experience in the field ofproduction of all types of edible oil. He is also responsibility for the overall administration and technical operation of the manufacturing unit. Vice Chairman Mr.Jayesh P Choksi has over two decades of experience in the field of manufacturing. Banks Of The Company IDBI UTI GSFC H.D.F.C
BUSINESS PRINCIPLES: Commitment to operational efficiencies & stakeholders value. Continual improvement. Delivering superior satisfaction to both internal and external customers. Investing to develop & motivate organization employee. Provide effective customer care services. Provide necessary resources required for the quality management system to prove excellence. Opportunities and strength: The Company has been operating for the last 18 years. The operating and financial results of the existing unit appear to be quite satisfactory.
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The promoters have sufficient experience in this line of activity. The company has appointed various professionals to take care of day to day operations of the company and related aspects. The company has already installed integrated accounting software - ERP, which will enable the management to make in depth analysis at production, marketing and finance levels.
The promoters are traditionally involved in this business. The level of growth achieved by the group in the domestic and business is satisfactory and the contacts developed by them are wide which help them to source the trading goods with ease. Moreover, they are well aware of the market which helps them in generating better margins.
The technology chosen is the latest available technology in the world and is capable of adopting quick stock changes within the shortest possible time. The edible oil market in India is growing rapidly. India though being one of the largest consumers of edible oil in the world, still has a very low per capita consumption. Thus substantial potential exists for increase in demand for edible oils in future.
We are having our own transport division which covers 20 fleet vehicles and 30 tankers to enable the company to provide prompt quality service to our customers.
Credentials N.K. Proteins Ltd is engaged in the business of supplying a wide range of refined edible oils like cottonseed, groundnut, sunflower and other edible oils. The company is committed to ensure customer satisfaction by supplying quality in all their edible oil products. The Endeavour for continuous improvement shall remain the mission of every employee and the management. Quality Objective To provide necessary resources required for the quality management system to prove excellence. To provide effective customer services.
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To monitor the processes to ensure environmental care. To provide inputs for enriching technical and interpersonal competence of the employees.
VARIOUS CERTIFICATES GOT BY THE COMPANY Certificate of ISO 22000:2005 Council For Fair Business Practices
Certificate of ISO 9000:2000
Nielsen Certificate
Certificate of Star Export House
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ORGANISATION CHART: Chairman
Board of Director
Production Manager
H.R. Manager
Marketing Manager r
Finance Manager
Assembly Manager
Assistant Manager
Assistant Manager
Administrative Officer Accountan t
Maintenance In charge
Time keeper
Sales Executive
Officer Assistant Clerk Telephone Operator Clerk Operator
Supervisor
Export Manager
Domestic Manager
Sales Officer
Sales Officer
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Manufacturing Process
PROCESS INTRODUCTION:
Vegetable oil refinery in our country is relatively a recent technology inducted in the past two decades. In vegetable oil refining, there are two types of process available viz. chemical refining & physical refining. In chemical refining, there are three main process involves viz. Degumming & Neutralizing, Bleaching & deodorizing for removal of various impurities from the raw oil. So far large quantities of expeller/solvent groundnut oil, rape seed oil are used for edible purpose directly with simple filtration. They are physically purified and they are known as double filtered oils. However, due to more and more awareness about various health aspects, like harmful effects of various natural impurities of raw oils, such as free fatty acid (FFA), the cause for the cholesterol increase, plant pigments, phosphatises etc. consumers prefer refined vegetable oils against simple filtered oils. Oil refining industry has developed considerably in the last one decade. Furthermore, due to the chronic shortage of vegetable oils in our country, many oils, which are not previously used for human consumption, are being processed and used for human consumption. We have the most integrated automatic and continuous plant from Alfa Laval, Sweden with the capacity of 400 MT per day of edible oil. In processing various oils in our plant, the following technologies are used.
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PROCESS INFORFATION
DEGUMMING:
Degumming is the process of removal of gums from crude oil, in which they are dissolved. There are two types of Hydred gums can be
gums; hydred and nonhydred.
removed from oil by hot water treatment. Oil contains nonhydred gums required to give phosphoric acid treatment for removal of gums
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DEGUMMING PROCESS:
Crude Oil
Hydrated Gum
Oil
Use in Soap Industry
Further Process
NEUTRALISATION:
Neutralisation is intended mainly for deacidfying crude fatty oil or degummed oils. By treatment of the with alkali (normally caustic lye) the alkali will neutralise the free fatty acids contained in the oil and from soap stock. The soap stock is heavier than oil and can be removed from the oil by centrifugal separation. Raw oil is neutralized in Short mix Plant and controlled the process parameters. Most often the crude oil is pre-treated with acid for removal of gums.
NEUTRALISATION PROCESS:
OIL with fatty Acid Heating Oil At 70 to 80 C and Add Caustic Soda Lye
Separated Oil Add Sulphuric Acid Add Hot Water 90 c
Soap Stock
Acid oil (By Product) Oil Further process

Wash Water
BLEACHING AND FILTRATION:

Purpose of the bleaching process is the complete or partial removal of colour bodies (pigments) from the oil. The pigments can be destroyed through chemical attack by oxidizing agents. The colour of the neutralised oil is improved zuuuu8ho treating the oil with bleaching earth or a mixture of bleaching earth and carbon, that absorbs the colouring substance dissolved in oil. The bleacher is divided into two compartments in order to prevent short circuiting of oil/bleaching earth slurry and equipped with an agitator in each compartment to maintain good mixing of earth and oil. After the bleacher, the slurry of hot oil and bleaching earth is transferred to filter section. The filtration takes place in two alternatively operating pressure leaf filters, where the bleaching earth is completely removed from the oil. While one filter is in operation the other filter is blow with steam in order to remove residual oil in the bleaching earth. After filtration, oil is passed through one of the alternatively working polish filter before going to the deodorisation
BLEACHING SECTION
OIL HEATED UPTO 120 C ADD BLEACHING EARTH (POWDER) AND ACTIVATED CARBON AFTER HOLDING TIME FILTR THROUGH PRESSURE LEAF FILTER (PLF)
WAST PRODUCT
CLEAR OIL
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DEODORIZATION:
In the conventional edible oil refinery Deodorization is the last in a series of process steps used to improve the taste, odour, colour and stability of the oils by the removal of undesirable substances. The materials removed by deodorisation include FFA, various flavours and odiferous compounds classified largely as aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. Deodorisation is primarily a high temperature, high vacuum, steam distillation process. Alfa Laval continuous deodoriser is based on the latest technology using double shell arrangement, which reduces reflux and ensures that air does not bubble through oil in the event of leakage. The hot oil is enters the deodoriser and flows continuously under vacuum through a number of trays via specially designed over flow channels. As the oil progresses through deodoriser, fatty acids, aldehydes, ketones and other unwanted materials are vapourised and carried out with the stripping steam.
PHYSICAL REFINING :
In recent years, there is a development of new technology, which is not utilize any chemical at neutralisation of oil for removing of various impurities from the oils, after suitable pretreatment to the oil refining is done by using physical methods of separation. Physical refining is process in which oils are refined using steam and physical methods of separation. This technology is mostly useful for high FFA oils like palm oil, coconut oil etc. By using this process we can control peroxide value and due to this the shelf life will be good.
Technology
The Company has the most integrated automatic and continuous plant from Alfa Laval, based in Sweden.
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Refinery Plant:
The technology to refine crude edible oil is a tested one and not very complex. Most of the suppliers offer the process plants that are broadly similar variation being in the sizes and detailed specifications. However, through addition of certain equipment, it is possible to impart greater flexibility in terms of the types of crude oils which can be processed and decrease the process losses. We have well established in house R & D department and supported by well equipped and scientific testing equipment like Gas Chromatograph etc.
Sales and marketing MARKETING ARRANGEMENT

Our market share in Refined Cottonseed Oil in Gujarat is more than 61.00 % as per A.C. Neilson report.
14
This confirms that N.K. Proteins Ltd. - Cotton Seed Oil market in Gujarat for the MAT
period ending Nov2009 shows that brand Tirupati I ranked first in volume (KG) sales for that period with 61% market share.
14
www.nielsen.com,www.in.nielsen.com
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Indias first edible oil company to get accreditation of Food Safety Quality Management Certification of ISO 22000:5000. At present NKPL is selling its product in different segments; Retail sales under TIRUPATI, MALAYA & SUNPRIDE brand to various dealers and wholesalers spread all over the country. Product Refined Cottonseed Oil Double Filter Groundnut Oil Refined Corn Oil Refined Sunflower Oil Refined Soya bean Oil Refined Palm Oil Brand Name TIRUPATI TIRUPATI TIRUPATI ACTIVE SUNPRIDE TIRUPATI LITE MALAYA
Sales to Government Organization. Institutional Sales to Corporates viz., ITC, Haldiram, Dabur India etc., Exports of Castor Oil & its derivatives and De-oiled Cake to various countries
The TIRUPATI, MALAYA & SUNPRIDE brand is being marketed throughout India in the states namely Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana The Company has a strong Distribution Network throughout India comprising of 7 Own Depot, 120 Distributors, 1700wholesaler / Retailer outlet.
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PRODUCT PROFILE
PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY
EDIBLE OIL
NON EDIBLE OIL
1. 2.
Refined Cotton Seed Oil Refined Sunflower Oil
1. Castro Oil 2. 3. Derivative De Oiled Cake (D.O.C)
3. Refined Groundnut Oil 4. Filtered Groundnut Oil 5. Refined Corn Oil 6. Refined Soya bean Oil 7. RBD Palmolein Oil
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EDIBLE OIL
1. Refined Cotton Seed Oil 'Health-Hygiene and lots of love' may be a punch line of high recall to the reader but for N. K. Proteins it tells of the success of N.K. Proteins operation Golden Flow. Cottonseed oil resists rancidity and therefore offers a longer shelf life for food products in which it is an ingredient; hence manufacturers' proclivity to use it in packaged goods. Available in 15 Kg Tin, 15 Litre Jar, 1 Litre Bottle and pouch, the brand continues to be a leader in the market. We offer Consumers the best oil at the best affordable price.
15 KG Tin
15 LTR Jar
5 LTR Jar
1 LTR Pouch
500 ML Pouch
1 LTR & 500 ML Bottle
2. Refined Sunflower Oil Particularly proud of the brand Sunpride, the company considers its launch as one of the significant achievements. The brands strategic move is to focus on customers with the single most important benefit-Health. Sunflower oil gives Diet and cardiovascular benefits as well as skin protection.
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Now available in 15 Litre Jar, 5 Litre Jar, 1 Litre Bottle consumer pack and 15 Kg Tin, the brand is expected to strengthen the wholesome image of N. K. Proteins Limited.
15 KG Tin
15 LTR Jar
5 LTR Jar
5 LTR Jar
1 LTR Pouch
3. Refined Groundnut Oil Refined Groundnut Oil is traditionally preferred for deep frying, grilling, and seasoning. Tirupati Refined Groundnut Oil is sourced from the best ground nut oil available in the country. Crystal clear oil, it is light to consume and is the preferred oil among consumers.
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Now available in 15 Kg Tin, 5 Litre Jar, 1 Litre Bottle and Pouch.
15 KG Tin
5 LTR Jar
1 LTR Bottle
4. Filtered Groundnut Oil A brand recently launched in the market with overwhelming support of guaranties. It is double filtered and prepared in the state-of-the-art manufacturing unit. They contain heart-friendly MUFA that lower the levels of bad cholesterol in our body without lowering the levels of good cholesterol. The Oil so pure that it retains and enhances the natural taste of groundnut, packed in 15 Kg Tin, 5 Litre Jar, 1 Litre Bottle and Pouch.
15 KG Tin
15 LTR Jar
5 LTR Jar
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1 LTR Pouch
1 LTR & 500 ML Bottle
5. Refined Corn Oil To be active and healthy, we introduced Tirupati active with features like superior quality and longer shelf life. Corn oil enriched with essential fatty acids and rich source of vitamin E a Polyunsaturated fatty acid, which may help regulate blood cholesterol. Corn oil is a valuable frying oil and so used for Salad dressing and deep frying. It has some pharmaceutical uses and is also used for industrial purposes such as soap, salve, paint, rust proofing for metal surfaces, inks, textiles, nitro-glycerine and insecticides. Available in 15 kg Tin, 5 Litre Jar, 1 Litre Bottle and pouch.
15 KG Tin
5 LTR Jar
1 LTR Pouch
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6. Refined Soya bean Oil Soya bean oil is one of the healthy cooking medium unknown to many which is growing increasingly in population especially in the health conscious segments. The FDA has approved soy as an official cholesterol-lowering food, along with other heart and health benefits. The taste, purity and health are combined together for the price conscious customer in Tirupati Lite Soya bean Oil. Refined in the latest refinery of ISO 9001 company this oil is available in four pack sizes 15 kg Tin, 5 Litre Jar, 1 Litre Bottle and 1 Litre Pouch.
15 KG Tin
5 LTR Jar
1 LTR Pouch & 1 LTR Bottle
7. RBD Palmolein Oil Malaya, a brand recently launched by the company is advantageous in household usage as it provides no sticky varnish on the surface of fryers and has fewer tendencies to smoke and foam. It is best for deep frying and grilling. Now available in 15 Kg Tin, 5 Litre Jar and 1 Litre Pouch, the brand comes at an affordable price and is expected to be a household success for N.K Proteins Ltd.
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15 KG Tin
5 LTR Jar
1 LTR Pouch
NON EDIBLE OIL

1. Castro Oil : a. Commercial Grade Castor Oil (CCO) : b. First Pressed Degummed Castor Oil (F.P.D) c. Refined Castor Oil (First Special Grade F.S.G / British Standard Specifications-B.S.S) : d. Castro Oil BP 93 (British Pharma) e Refine castor oil(PPG-pale pressured grade)
2. Derivative :
a. Hydrogenated Castor Oil (HCO) Flakes/Powder : b. 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid (12 HSA) Flakes/Powder : c. Ricinoleic Acid (R.A.)
3. De Oiled Cake (D.O.C) Castor Meal :

De Oiled cake is also variously called castor meal, castor residue and castor extract.
Infrastructure
Land: Building: Edible Oil Refinery:
53243 sq. mtr. 15177 sq. mtr. 1350 MT per day
In-house Gujarat 800 MT per day
Other Facilities Gujarat 450 MT per day Rajasthan 100 MT per day Solvent Extraction Plant: 300 MT per day Fractination Plant (Palm): 650 MT per day
Filling: 1200 MT per day Storage: 14000 MT Tank Plant 11500 MT Godown Packed 2500 MT Tin Manufacturing: 60,000 Tins per day
Jar Manufacturing: 25,000 Tins per day Bottle Manufacturing: 10,000 Tins per day Corrugated Box Manufacturing: 5,000 Boxes per day Transportation Facility: 145 Trucks & Tankers Electricity: 3225 KVA Connected Load 2100 KVA Generators 1125 KVA
Tin Manufacturing Plant

Company has installed an inhouse
manufacturing facility of 50,000 15 kg. tins per day for our own consumption. Company is using the primary quality of tinplate material of thickness 0.28, coating 5.6 & temper T61 of TATA for maintaining a better quality in tins and to preserve the original taste of oil.
Jar Manufacturing Plant

Company has an in house production capacity of 25,000 HDPE Jars per day for our own consumption. Company is using automatic blow moulding machine and automatic leak proof testing machine to get maximum output and better quality of jars, Company use a better quality of polythene granules that compile of the IS10141:1982 standards.
Transportation Facility
Company is having his own transport division which covers around 100 fleet vehicles to enable the company to provide prompt quality service to his customer. Company has 145 Trucks & Tankers
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Corrugated Box Manufacturing Plant

Company has an inhouse production capacity of 5000 corrugated boxes per day. Company is using the most modern box making machinery and also have the testing machines for measuring G.S.M of paper & bursting strength of box.
Corporate Social Responsibility

Donated shantabenkeshavlal Patel Hall to AmrutVidya Sanskar Mandal at Kadi, Gujarat on 28th august, 2009. Donate a hall and computer at SaravaVidyalaya,Kadi (North Gujart). Stared Keshaval Vithaldas Patel Adarsh Chhartralay-A school for welfare of giral at Kadi, Gujarat. Started IRC- Community centre,at Thor, Gujarat. Conducted a Cancer awareness program in association with Cancer Research Society (CRS).
Distributors Network
Company have a strong distribution network across Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh and Company also strive to reach other place in next to no time.
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CHAPTER 4 LITRETURE REVIEW & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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Literature review
From the literature of (Sukumar)The term market is derived from Latin Word Mercatus, which means to trade that is purchasing and selling of goods. It also means merchandise truth place of business. According to Pyle, Market includes both place and region in which buyers and sellers or in free competition with one another. Marketing includes all the impacts involved in the exchange process of transferring the possession and ownership of goods or services from the producer to the ultimate consumers.
A consumer is an individual who purchase or has the capacity to purchase goods and services offered for sale by marketing institutions in order to satisfy personal or household needs, wants or desires. It is generally accepted that customer satisfaction is the leading criterion for determining the quality actually delivered to customers (Olga et al, 2003). Customer satisfaction can refer to different areas of the relationship with the customer including satisfaction with the quality of a product or service, satisfaction with an ongoing business relationship, satisfaction with the price/performance ratio of a product or service, or satisfaction because a product/service has met a customers expectations (Olga et al, 2003).
Customer loyalty and satisfaction are integral part of customer retention process. Customer Retention is a primary measure of loyalty. There is a positive relationship between changes in satisfaction and share of wallet. In particular, the initial satisfaction level and the conditional percentage of change in satisfaction significantly correspond to changes in share of wallet. Income and length of the relationship negatively moderate this relationship (Cooil et al., 2007).
Edible oils are defined by the Government of Ontario, Canada as "a food substance, other than a dairy product, of whatever origin, source or composition that is manufactured for human consumption wholly or in part from a fat or oil other than that of milk".
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15
From the literature, it is can be evaluated that the edible oil position with regard to its
production, demand and supply, preferences by the regional groups in the country and its nutritional significance. The daily nutrient intake of diabetic subjects with special references to fat consumption showed that it was lower than the figures quoted for general population. Calorie wise fat consumption of the diabetics showed that as the income goes up so does the consumption of calories and almost proportionately the consumption of fat. The quality of edible fats judged on the basis of its linoleic acid content fell well within the percentage range of total fatty acid intake of the diabetic subjects. In general, the diabetic subjects followed the same pattern of edible oil consumption as the general population. Indias edible oil consumption is traditionally region-specific. Coconut, peanut and sunflower oil are widely consumed in south India; peanut and cottonseed oils are used in Gujarat; rapeseed oil is used in north east India, while soybean oil is more prevalent in central India. As edible oil manufacturers cater to growing demand, and account regional tastes and preferences, they are expanding refining capacity. At the same time, they are promoting fortified palmolein, safflower and rice bran oil as healthy cooking oils. Cottonseed oil which closely competes with peanut is also finding wider acceptance in the India diet. Due to its light colour and neutral odor, it is increasingly used for blending with higher priced oils.(GAIN report)
Most of edible oils purchased by households or institutional users are sold in loose form or as vanaspati (partially hydrogenated vegetable oil). Vegetable oils sold in loose form are often repackaged and sold under private labels. Only a small percentage of refined oil is directly branded and packaged by the processor. According to industry sources, 35 to 40 percent of the Indian edible oil market is branded. (GAIN report)
16
An important characteristic of the Indian edible oil consumption pattern is the variation in
preferences across regions, driven by taste and availability. For instance, soya bean oil is mainly used in northern and central regions of India due to the local availability of soya
15
http://www.diabetes.org.in/journal/1985_july-sept/proc7.pdf
16
Source: ICRA Research & Analysis Page 63
beans. Mustard oil is largely consumed in north-eastern, northern and eastern regions of India, as its pungency is a desired and inherent part of the local cuisine. The increased health awareness also determines the consumption pattern with mustard and soya considered healthier than palm oil, which has higher levels of saturated fats. Oils like rice bran and olive are also gaining popularity due to their superior health properties, although their consumption remains fairly low in absolute terms. Further, price economics also have an important role to play in determining consumer choice, given that expenditure on edible oil constitutes a significant portion of the household budget. The demand for edible oils in India has shown a steady growth at a CAGR of 4.43% over the period from 2001 to 2011. The growth has been driven by improvement in per capita consumption, which in turn is attributable to rising income levels and living standards. However, the current per capita consumption levels of India (at 13.3 Kg/year for 2009-10) are lower than global averages (24 kg/year).
17
The Indian edible oils market continues to be
underpenetrated and given the positive macro and demographic fundamentals it has a favourable demand growth outlook over the medium-to-long term.
In terms of volumes, palm oil, soya bean oil and mustard oil are the three largest consumed edible oils in India, with respective shares of 46%, 16% and 14% in total oil consumption in 2010. Given the high price consciousness and varied taste preferences of Indian consumers, ICRA expects these three oils to continue to account for the bulk of edible oil consumption in the country.
There has been a significant gap between demand and supply of edible oil because of limited availability of oil seeds and shifting of acreage to other crops in the domestic market. This gap has been met through imports, which account for almost 45-50% of the total oil consumption. In H1OY2010-11,18 edible oil imports were observed to be the lowest in the last three years in view of improvement in domestic oilseed production. (Indian Edible Oils Industry: Key Trends and Credit Implications, 2011)
17
Oil World 2010
18
OY Oil Year refers to the period November to October

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RESERCH METHOLOGY
Study Title
Buying preferences and satisfaction level of Tirupati Edible Oil: A study of selected Customers in Ahmadabad city
Research Objectives: For Customer

The key objectives of our study are as follows: To find out the factors that affects the edible oil . To measure the customer satisfaction level towards the Tirupati edible oil . To study the Buying preference of Tirupati edible oil. To explore the purchase reasons for Tirupati edible oil. To find out the factors that affects the Tirupati edible oil. To study the effective source of advertisement for the Tirupati edible oil. customers decision for purchasing customers decision for purchasing
For Retailer
To measure the awareness regarding company. To find out the factors that affect the Retailers decision for purchasing Edible Oil. To study the effective source of Advertisement for Tirupati Edible oil. To know the purchasing frequency of Edible Oil of retailers.
SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of this study was to know the customers preference and satisfaction about the various aspects of Tirupati edible oil such as image, quality, service and also about their awareness for the Tirupati edible oil product range. Further it also helps to know the effective media to advertise the products and effective promotional tools to boost up the sales
of Tirupati edible oil. The study also gives the highlight of the customers preference and satisfaction level of price, discount, quality, scheme and media tools. Thus the main scope of study was to determine the customers preference and companys products. satisfaction and expansion of
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the specification of methods that producer wants to acquire from the market. It is the overall operational patterned framework of the project that stipulates what information is to be collected and from which sources and from which producer of this competitive environment. Generally, there are basic three types of research design, Exploratory, descriptive and Casual research.
Here Researcher has taken Descriptive Research Design and the reason behind it is as follows: The Descriptive Research Design is used when the researcher is interested in knowing the characteristics of certain group. Here Researcher is interested in knowing the proportion of people in a given population have behaved in a particular manner making projection of things or determines the relationship between two or more
variables . The objective of the study will answer who , what , when , where , and how of the subject under investigation for consumers as well as retailers . It is therefore necessary that Researcher will give sufficient thought for framing research questions and deciding the type of data to be collected.
DATA COLLECTION METHOD
PRIMARY DATA:
Primary data consists of collecting the information directly from respondent. Primary data is most reliable source in any research. In our research we have directly asked questions to the consumers, for that matter we have prepared a structured questionnaire to explore consumers view. Interviews of some popular retailers are also taken for better understanding of the topic.
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SECONDARY DATA:
Secondary data consists of published material , or any other reference material which can be useful in the particular project . The sources of secondary data are many such as , magazines , journals , newspaper , and internet . In our survey , we have collected information from magazines , newspapers and websites . We also, have used the rich library of our institute , as well other library to get relevant information for our project.
SAMPLING PROCESS Defining the population:

It is the aggregate of all the elements defined prior to the selection of the sample . It is necessary to define population in terms of Element , Sampling extent and time . I have conducted a survey on the consumer to know the preference and satisfaction level for Edible oil users ( especially TIRUPATI EDIBLE OIL) with special reference to different areas of Ahmadabad . These specifications are as follows: Element: A person living in Ahmadabad city having age of 18 years or above Buyer of Edible Oil Sampling Size: 300 Household and 100 retailer Sampling unit: Household respondents and retailer Sampling method: Convenient Sampling
Data preparation
The primary data that we have collected has been used for various hypothesis testing & other statistical analysis. From that we have determined different suggestions /
recommendations & conclusion which will be useful not only for academic purpose but also to other players operating in this field. The secondary data provided many insights into the topic & was helpful for better understanding of the project
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Analysis & Interpretation

As stated above, we have used various statistical tools to explore customers view on Tirupati edible Oil & we have included their results in our report , as well secondary data & interviews with retailers was useful for drawing conclusion & recommendation.
ANAYLYICAL TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS USED: TECHNIQUES:

ANNOVA TEST KMO AND BARLETTS TEST WETGHTED AVERAGE RANK ANALYSIS FACTOR ANALYSIS
TOOLS
SPSS MS-EXCEL
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The limitations of the study carried out are as follow: This study based on the prevailing customer preference and satisfaction but customer preference and satisfaction may changed according to time, health awareness etc. The accuracy of the project and conclusion is totally dependent on the data collected and analyzed. The sample size is too small to predict the future demand of the edible oil product
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CHAPTER 5 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
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Customer
Q1. Have you ever purchase edible oil? Table 1.1 shows Respondent of edible oil
Particular Frequency Percentage Yes No Total 300 0 300 100% 0% 100%
Chart 1.1 Shows Respondent of edible oil
Purchase Edible Oil

No 0%
Yes 100%
INTERPRETATION: During the survey it has been asked to respondent that do you purchase Edible oil. Out of 300 the entire people respond that they are purchasing Edible oil that is 100%.
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Q2. How many of the following brands are you aware of Edible Oil? 1=never heard, 2=know somewhat, 3=Neutral, 4=know well, 5=know very well Table 2.1 shows the awareness in customers regarding different brands of edible oil
Company name Maruti Dhara Gulab Tirupati Sun Drop Saffola Fortune Ankur Flora Fryola Avsar Rani
Mean square 2.88 2.95 4.14 4.55 2.64 3.82 3.18 3.42 1.19 1.10 1.09 1.44
Std. Deviation
.708 .626 .379 .498 .667 .662 .636 .824 .443 .342 .314 .628
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Chart 2.1 shows the awareness in customers regarding different brands of edible oil
Mean Squr of Awareness of each Company

Mean Squr 4.55 4.14 2.95 3.82 3.18 2.64 1.44 3.42
2.88
1.19
1.1
1.09
Maruti Dhara
Gulab Tirupati
Sun Drop
Saffola Fortune Ankur
Flora
Fryola
Avsar
Rani
INTERPRETATION: Here in this question it was asked to show the level of awareness for several brand of Edible oil. The data depicts that the Tirupati product is highly aware among the customers. Tirupati has got highest i.e.4.55 .This factor fall under scale 5 i.e. known very well. Gulab and Saffola have got respectively 4.14 and 3.82. These factor falls under scale nearby 4 i.e. know the customers. Ankur and fortune come under the neutral point where the customers aware the product. Rani, Flora, Fryola, Avsar are not well recognized product as their mean score falls between know somewhat and never heard.
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Q3. Which brand of edible oil do you consume regularly? Table 3.1 shows Most Preferred edible oil by customers
Company Name No. Of respond Percentage Maruti Dhara Gulab Tirupati Sun Drop Saffola Fortune Ankur OTHER Total 3 9 46 165 6 30 18 21 2 300 1 3 15.33 55 2 10 6 7 0.67 100
Chart 3.1 shows Most Preferred edible oil by customers
No. Custmer Consume Edible Oil

1% 1% 3% Maruti 7% 6% 10% 2% 15% Dhara Gulab Tirupati Sun Drop Saffola Fortune 55% Ankur Other
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INTERPRETATION: Out of 300 respondents, the preference given by the number of respondents for Edible oil of all companies was as follows: 165 Tirupati 46 Gulab 30 Saffola 21 Ankur 18 Fortune 9 Sun drop 3 Maruti 2 Other
(Others include Rani, Homemade etc.)
FINDING: Customers mostly prefer to purchase Tirupati edible oil and also consume in high quantity. Out of 300 respondents, 165 respondents are consuming edible oil of Tirupati in their routine that is 55 % of the sample size. After Everest, the second most consumable edible oil is Gulab, having share of 15% in all. Out 300 respondents, 46 Respondents are using Gulab edible oil. Least consumed edible oil by respondents is loose which having share of 10% or less than 10% in overall market. During Survey it can be asked respondents why they using Tirupati edible oil, People responded that they get everything from Tirupati edible oil what they need in edible oil and also give it at affordable price and gives constant advertisement through different media channel. They are also saying that they are using it for many years and they are habitual. So Tirupati is having 33% markets share in overall market of edible oil.
Q4. Please specify from where do you prefer to purchase edible oil. Table 4.1 shows customers preference regarding place to purchase edible oil
Particular Mall Retailer Whole Seller Total
Frequency Percentage 100 186 14 300 33.33 62 4.67 100s
Chart 4.1 shows customers preference regarding place to purchase edible oil
Purchase Edible Oil

5%
33% Mall Retailer Whole Seller 62%
INTERPRETATION: Out of all the respondents, 186 respondents purchased edible oil from retailers. 100 respondents purchased edible oil from mall. Least preferred place to purchase edible oil was from whole sellers.
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Q5. Please specify how frequently do you purchase edible oil. Table 5.1 show the customer frequently purchase edible oil
Particular Daily Weekly Fortnightly Monthly Quarterly Yearly
No. of respondent 4 6 12 154 46 78
Chart 5.1 show the customer frequently purchase edible oil
Frequntly Purchase Edible Oil

Frequntly Purchase 154
78 46 6 Weekly 12
4 Daily
Fortnightly
Monthly
Quarterly
Yearly
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INTERPRETATION: From the above graph, it can be interpreted that

The respondents were asked to show from where they purchase edible oil for their regular
154 customers out of 300 customers purchase edible oil on monthly basis. 46 customers out of 300 customers purchase edible oil on Quarterly basis. 78 customers out of 300 customers purchase edible oil on Yearly basis. Few customers preferred to purchase fortnightly, weekly and on daily basis.
FINDINGS: Local stores are the highly preferred place to buy the edible oil product, because usually people find the product and various variants of the product from same place. Malls were second preferred place to buy the edible oil products as people are more brands conscious. The least preference was given to wholesalers stores because people are not able to purchase easily because in that store purchase must in large quantity.
Page 77
Q6. Please specify which size of packing generally you prefer to purchase in edible oil. Table 6.1 show customer prefer regarding size of packing of edible oil
Particular 15 Kg Tin 15 Liter Jar 5 Liter Jar 1 LTR Bottel/Pouch
Tick 100 58 128 12
500MLLTR Bottel/Pouch 2
Chart 6.1 show customer prefer regarding size of packing of edible oil
Packaging prefer
Respondent 128 100
58
12 2 15 KG Tin 15 KG Jar 5 LTR Jar 1 LTR Bottle/Pouch 500 ML Bottle/Pouch
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INTERPRETATION:
Here in this question Respondents were asked to specify which size of packing generally you prefer to purchase in edible oil. From above chart and table it can interpret that customers highly prefer to purchase 5 litre jars packing. 128 respondents consume 5ltr jar packing. Second Highest Preference of respondent to purchase edible of 15 kg tin by 100 respondents. Least preferred packing of edible oil packing is1ltr or 500ml bottle/pouch packing.
FINDINGS: It could be concluded that people mostly preferred to purchase 5 ltr jar packing among all the packing of edible oil available in the market of the company they regularly consume
Page 79
Q7. Please rate the importance of following factors on the basis of your preference while purchasing edible oil. 1=Extremely Important, 2=Important, 3=Neutral, 4=Not Important, 5=Not at all Important Table 7.1 Shows mean score and standard deviation of the factors affecting customer buying decision
Factors Quality Price Ingredients Packing Brand Name Health issue Taste Smell Durability Availability Location of retailer Shop Keepers suggestion
Mean score 1.44 1.81 2.16 2.29 2.21 1.23 1.97 2.13 2.00 2.32 2.61
Std. Dev. .617 .824 .897 1.105 1.183 .519 .767 .787 .896 .997 1.155
3.40
1.054
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Mean Score
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 3.4 2.16 2.29 2.21 1.23 2.13 2.32 2.61
1.44
1.81
1.97
INTERPRETATION:
Here, the Respondents were asked to show their preference while purchasing edible oil. In this question 12 components are framed and respondents were supposed to show their preference while purchasing edible Mean score has been calculated in this question. Health issue and quality are the Component with which most of the respondents are extremely important. This statement got 1.23and 1.44 mean score which falls in between indifference to extremely important
The next preference are given by the customers as follow Price, Tast, durability, are coming under next scale i.e. important and their mean score are as 1.81, 1.97, 2 .
Other point customers are taken by them as follow smell, ingredient, Brand name , packing, and availability. These are also coming under the 2nd scale i.e improtant In the 3rd scale only factors are coming i.e. location of retailer and shope keepers suggestion. Their mean score are 2.61and 3.4.
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Table 7.2 show the reliability statistics
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .809 FACTOR ANALYSIS Table 7.3 KMO and Bartletts Test No. Items 12 of
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Approx.Chi-Square Bartletts Test of Sphericity Df Sig. .775 1472.426 66 .000
In this case KMO value is 0.775, therefore factor analysis is possible. INTERPRETATION: Communalities: The following table- gives the initial and the extracted communalities. Communalities: Indicate the amount of variance in each variable is accounted for. Initial communalities: Estimates of the variance in each variable accounted for by all components or factors. Extraction communalities: estimates of the variance accounted for by the factors (or components) in the factor solution.
Small values indicate variables that do not fit well with the factor solution, and should possibly be dropped from the analysis.
Table 7.4 Communalities table
Communalities
Initial Quality Price Ingredients Packing Brand Name Health issue Test Smell Durability Availability Location retailer Shop Keepers 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 of 1.000
Extraction .726 .579 .676 .758 .534 .272 .728 .642 .658 .610 .704
.666
suggestion
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis
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This table gives Eigen values, variance explained and cumulative variance for the factor solution
Table 7.5 show total variance explained
Total Variance Explained
Co mp on ent
Initial Eigen values
Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Rotation sum of Squared Loadings
Total
%of Variance
Cummu lative %
Total
%of Variance
Cummu lative %
Total
%of Variance
Cumm ulative %
1 2 3 4 5 s6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4.440 1.811 1.302 .970 .765 .556 .504 .441 .391 .362 .285 .173
37.000 15.089 10.851 8.087 6.375 4.636 4.203 3.671 3.256 3.013 2.374 1.445
37.000 52.090 62.940 71.027 77.402 82.038 86.241 89.913 93.169 96.182 98.555 100.00
4.440 1.811 1.302
37.000 15.089 10.851
37.000 52.090 62.940
3.908 2.240 1.404
32.559 18.668 11.704
32.559 51.236 62.940
Extraction Method : Principal Component Analysis
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INTERPRETATION: The first panel gives values based on initial Eigen values. The extractions sum of squared loadings group gives information regarding the extracted factors or components. The total column gives the amount of variance in the observed variables accounted for by each component or factors. In a good factor analysis, there are a few factors that explain a lot of the variance. This table is required to summarize the results. Table 7.6 Shows component Matrix
Component Matrix Component 1 Packing Shopkeeper suggestion Availability Location of retailer Durability Brand Name Ingredients Tast Price Smell .684 .438 .350 .502 .054 .713 .675 .554 .454 .169 -.036 .288 .695 .691 -.388 -.230 .157 -.054 .764 .723 -.106 -.340 -.122 -.256 .800 .786 2 -.318 .080 3 .131 -.202
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Quality Health Issue
-.258 -.119
-.217 -.231
.783 .452
Extraction Method : Principal Component Analysis a. 3 components extracted
Table 7.7 shows rotated component matrix
Rotated Component Matrix Component 1 Packing Location of retailer Durability Availability Brand name Shopkeeper suggestion Ingredients Taste Smell Price Quality Health Issue .585 .070 .199 .009 -.136 -.004 .482 .844 .775 .710 -.046 -.103 .320 -.104 .046 -.275 .840 .511 .795 .730 .721 .667 .019 .198 .084 .340 -.162 -.193 -.083 -.325 .857 .800 2 -.318 -.060 3 .131 -.247
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Rotation Method : Varimax with Kaiser Normalization a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations
Table 7.8 Shows component transformation Matrix
Component Transformation Matrix
Component 1 2 3
1 .893 -.450 -.003
2 .427 .847 .317
3 -.140 -.284 .949
Extraction Method : Principal Component Analysis Rotation Method : Varimax with Kaiser Normalization
Packing Location retailer Durability Availability Brand name Shopkeeper suggestion Ingredients Taste Smell Price of
Availability and brand name
Price and test, smell
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Quality Health Issue
Quality and health
Component 1 is highly loaded on Availability and Brand name which represent the importance of factor by customer for edible oil products, so Availability and Brand name is a one, which better represents this group
Component 2 is highly loaded on Taste, Price and smell in edible oil, so Taste and smell is a one, which better represents this group. Component 3 is highly loaded on Quality and Health Issue , so Quality and health issue is a one, which better represents this group
ANOVA TEST Ho: Annual family income of respondent does not have significant impact on the important given to the price of edible oil. H1: Annual family income of respondent has significant impact on the important given to the price of edible oil.
ANOVA
Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 16.306 186.481 202.787 df 3 296 299 Mean Square 5.435 .630 F 8.627 Sig. .000
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INTERPRETATION: Here the significance value of the F test in the ANOVA table is 0.00 which is less than 0.05; therefore, null hypothesis is failed to accept.
Ho: Education of respondent does not have significant impact on the important given to the ingredient of edible oil. H1 : Education of respondent have significant impact on the important given to the ingredient of edible oil.
ANOVA
Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 2.037 238.283 240.320 df 3 296 299 Mean Square .679 .805 F .844 Sig. .471
INTERPRETATION:
Here the significance value of the F test in the ANOVA table is 0.471 which is more than 0.05; therefore, null hypothesis is accept. Hence there is insignificance impact of education of the respondent on the important given to the ingredient of edible oil
H0: Age of the respondent does not have significant impact on the important given to the health issue. H1 : Age of the respondent have significant impact on the important given to the health issue.
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ANOVA
Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .235 80.352 80.587 df 3 296 299 Mean Square .078 .271 F .289 Sig. .834
INTERPERTATION: Here the significance value of the F test in the ANOVA table is 0.834 which is more than 0.05; therefore, null hypothesis is accept. Hence there is insignificance impact of Age of the respondent on the important given to the health issue.
Page 90
Q8. Do you use Tirupati edible oil? (Please () mark) Table 8.1 shows the percentage of respondents using Tirupati Edible Oil.
Particular User Percentage Yes No Total 165 135 300 55 45 100
Chart 8.1 shows the percentage of respondents using Tirupati Edible Oil.
Used Tirupati edible oil
No 45% yes 55%
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INTERPRETATION: From the above graph, it can be said that 165 customers reply in affirmative while the rest of the customers reply in negative.
IF NO THAN REASON BHEIND NOT USING TIRUPATI EDIBLE OIL IS Because respondent is health consciousness. Because customer uses ground nut oil. Because customer uses coconut oil.
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Q9. From which source do you know the brand Tirupati edible oil? Table 9.1 shows the sources of awareness of brand for the respondents.
Particular News Paper T.V. Radio
Yes 156 146 73
No 9 19 92 121 126 140 87 109 136
Word Of Mouth 44 Magazine Holdings Relative Friends Other 39 25 78 56 29
Chart 9.1 shows the sources of awareness of brand for the respondents.
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
19 92 87 140
156
121 126 146 73 44 39
109 136 No 56 29 Yes
78 25
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INTERPRETATION:
Here in this question Respondents were asked to tick to their preferred source of advertisement. By analyzing the data, it is seen that the most preferred source of advertisement is Newspaper. Respondents preferred Newspaper the most as the source of advertisement.
Second most preferred source of advertisement is Television ads, followed by relative, radio, friends, word of mouth, magazine, Least preferred source of advertisement is holdings
Page 94
Q10. Which category of Tirupati edible oil do you use? Table 10.1 shows the type of edible oil the respondents use.
Tirupati Brand Cotton Seed Ground Nut Active Sun Pride Lite Malaya Gold Total
No 137 10 8 6 4 0 165
Percentage 83.03 6.06 4.85 3.64 2.42 0 100
Chart 10.1 shows the type of edible oil the respondents use.
Tirupati Brand
Cotton Seed Ground nut Active 0% 4% 2% Sun Pide Lite Malaya Gold
5% 6%
83%
Page 95
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph, it can be said that The first preference was given to Tirupati Cotton Seed Edible Oil i.e. 137 person. The second preference was given to Tirupati Ground Nut Edible oil i.e.10 person. The third preference was given to Tirupati Active Edible oil i.e.8 person. The least preference was given to Tirupati Sun Pride and Lite.
Page 96
Q11. Please rank the below given reasons that encourage you to purchase Tirupati Edible Oil. (Give the rank 1 to 9 ) (Where 1 = most imp. , 9 = least imp. ) Table 11.1 shows the factors promoting the purchase of Tirupati Edible Oil.
Particular Ingredients Quality Price Quantity Health Issue Smell Taste Word of mouth Advertisement
1 0 65 10 12 76 2 0 0 0
2 4 48 18 45 40 8 2 0 0
3 18 20 50 32 21 20 10 0 4
4 48 24 18 20 12 29 6 6 0
5 50 4 37 30 10 16 12 2 2
6 31 2 24 18 2 40 14 20 14
7 6 0 6 6 2 20 58 49 18
8 6 2 0 2 0 10 36 60 49
9 2 0 2 0 2 20 27 28 78
Table 11.2 shows the rank given to each factor.
Particular Ingredients Quality Price Quantity Health Issue Smell Taste Word of mouth advertisement
1 0 585 90 108 684 18 0 0 0
2 32 384 144 360 320 64 16 0 0
3 126 140 350 224 147 140 70 0 28
4 288 144 108 120 72 174 36 36 0
7 18 0 18 18 6 60 174 147 54
8 12 4 4 4 0 20 72 120 98
9 2 0 0 0 2 20 27 28 78
Total 852 1285 993 1056 1289 736 511 421 324
250 124 20 8
185 96 150 72 50 80 60 10 10 8 160 56 80 56
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Table11.3 shows the rank given to each factor. Factors Ingredients Quality Price Quantity Health Issue Smell Taste Word of mouth advertisement Weight 852 1285 995 1056 1289 736 511 421 324 Percentage 11.41 17.20 13.32 14.14 17.26 9.85 6.84 5.64 4.34 Rank 5 2 4 3 1 6 7 8 9
Chart 11.1 shows the rank given to each factor.
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Weight
Weight 1285 995 852 1056 736 511 421 324 1289
INTERPRETATION: It was asked the people about which reason you purchase and eat Tirupati Edible Oil. They replied that the reason to purchase and eat Tirupati Edible Oil is good for health. It has low collastrol value especially in Tirupati Cotton Seed Edible Oil .The customers have given rank 1 to health issue. Tirupati Edible Oil maintains good quality while manufacturing Edible Oil i.e. they give the rank no. 2 Tirupati Edible Oil maintains exact quantity while packing the edible oil in all containers (Tin, Jar, Bottle, and Pouch) i.e. they give the rank no 3 Tirupati edible oil price are same as of other brand oils though it has good quality i.e. respondent give the rank no.4 Tirupati edible oil are using good raw material and other chemicals during the process of edible oil .It has low fatty acid i.e. customers give the rank no 5 The Tirupati edible oil does not encourage much by advertisement but it quality and quantity i.e. they got the rank no 9
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Q12. Please specify your level of satisfaction on the basis of your opinion regarding Tirupati Edible Oil Consumption. (1=highly dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=Neutral, 4=satisfied, 5=highly satisfied) Table 12.1 shows the level of satisfaction towards various aspects of the product.
Particular
Mean Square
Std. Div
Quality Price Ingredients Packing Brand Name Health Taste Smell Durability Availability
3.90 3.15 3.42 3.67 3.75 3.62 3.84 3.71 3.94 3.86
.824 .901 .681 .766 .744 .984 .759 .848 .631 .780
Chart 12.1 shows the level of satisfaction towards various aspects of the product.
Page 100
Chart Title
Mean Square 3.9 3.15 3.42 3.67 3.75 3.62 3.84 3.71 3.94 3.86
INTERPRETATION: It was asked 165 person whether they are satisfied with Tirupati edible oil . They reply that they are satisfied with Tirupati edible oil due to its durability .quality, availability. Most of respondent are satisfied with edible oil but not highly satisfied.
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Q13 Have you ever compare the Tirupati edible oil with other branded oil ? Table 13.1 shows the percentage of people comparing Tirupati oil with its competitors.
Particular Yes No Total
No. Of Person 38 127 165
Percentage 23.03 76.97 100
Chart 13.1 shows the percentage of people comparing Tirupati oil with its competitors.
Compare The Tirupati Edible Oil With Other Brand
Yes 23%
No 77%
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INTERPRETATION: 38 customers had compared Tirupati edible oil with other brands oil. They found Tirupati edible oil better in quality, and quantity. IF YES, IF NO, Most of respondent are hardcore loyal. Respondent are habitual. Because Tirupati edible oil price are same as of other brand oils though it has good quality. Because some time ago there is defect comes in the edible oil . Their relatives said that other brand of edible oil is better than this oil. Prices of other brand of edible oil are lower than this edible oil. Their retailer said that other brand of edible oil is better than this oil. Because of the health related new product are come under the market ,those customer are health consciousness, they compare those product. Because of family member they compare.
Page 103
Q14 Have you recommended the Tirupati edible oil to other person? Table 14.1 shows the percentage of people referring this product to other people.
No. Of Person 135 30 165
Percentage 81.82 18.18 100
Chart 14.1 shows the percentage of people referring this product to other people.
Recommended to other Person

No 18%
Yes 82%
INTERPRETATION: It was asked them have they ever recommended Tirupati edible oil to From 165 person 135 person reply that they had recommended Tirupati edible oil.
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Q15 Please give your valuable suggestion if any regarding Tirupati Edible Oil Suggestion Reduce price Give some gifts Give some scheme Do more advertising
Page 105
Retailer
Q1,For how long have you been in this business? Table 1.1 shows the duration for which the respondent has been doing business.
Particular Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years 6 to 10 years More than 10 Total
Years 6 30 24 40 100
Percentage 6 30 24 40 100
Chart 1.1 shows the duration for which the respondent has been doing business.
Years
6%
40%
Less than 1 year 30% 1 to 5 years 6 to 10 years More than 10
24%
Page 106
INTERPRETATION: According to above figure it can be interpleaded that most of retailers are in this retailing business more than 10 years, which seems opportunity for the N.K.Proteins to increasing their relation with old retailer because most of retailer has good prestige .because they have good market share.
Page 107
Q2
Please specifies from the following, which type of edible oil do you keep to sell of any company? Table 2.1 shows which type of oil do the respondents stock to sell.
Product Tirupati Vimal Fortune Gulab Sun-drop Saffola Dhara
Yes 97 64 72 82 70 76 56
No 3 36 28 18 30 24 44
Chart 2.1 shows which type of oil do the respondents stock to sell.
Chart Title
Yes No
3 36 28
18
30
24 44
97 64 72
82
70
76 56
Tirupati
Vimal
Fortune
Gulab
Sundrop
Saffola
Dhara
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INTERPRETATION:
Edible oil is the product which is stored by retailers to sell. Out of 100 retailers, 100 retailers keep Edible oil to sell.
Out of 7 products of blended edible oil mentioned above in chart, Tirupati Edible oil is the product that is store by highest numbers of retailers at their store to sell of all the companies.
Out of 100 respondents, the preferences given by the number of edible oil store are as follow.
97 Tirupati 82 Gulab 76Saffola 72 Fortune 70Sundrop 64 Vimal 56 Dhara
The Most preferable item is Tirupati edible oil. The least preferable item is Dhara edible oil. Other category includes Vimal, Fortune, Gulab, Sun drop, Saffola.
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Q3. How frequently do you purchase edible oil? Table 3.1 shows the uniform time period on which respondents purchase.
Time of purchase Daily Weekly Fortnightly Monthly Quarterly Yearly
Yes 2 81 17 0 0 0
Chart 3.1 shows the uniform time period on which respondents purchase.
Purchase period
Purchase period 81
17 2 Daily Weekly Fortnightly 0 Monthly 0 Quarterly 0 Yearly
Page 110
INTERPRETATION: From above graph its interpret that most retailers prefer to purchase on weekly basis. There is also most company person every week go and take the order thats why they prefer. If demand is very low they prefer to purchase on fortnightly basis
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Q4. Which different size of edible oil you purchase? Table 4.1 shows the quantity that respondents usually purchase.
PACKING 15 Kg tin 15 Liter Jar 5 Liter Jar 1 Liter bottle 1 Liter Pouch 500 ml Liter bottle
Yes 92 84 90 72 60 12
No 8 16 10 28 40 88 84
500 ml Liter Pouch 16
Chart 4.1 shows the quantity that respondents usually purchase.
Packing Size
Yes 92 90 72 8 16 10 28 60 40 No
84
88
84
12 15 Kg tin 15 Liter Jar 5 Liter Jar 1 Liter bottle
16
1 Liter Pouch
500 ml Liter bottle
500 ml Liter Pouch
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INTERPRETATION:
Here it can be said that most of retailer purchase the tin ,jar package because there is very less defect in that .
Demand of that jar and tin packing is high. They can easily store jar and tin package It is difficult to store pouch and bottle. There are some defect come in the pouch and bottle at the time of store
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Q5. Please rank the following factor on the basis of their priority that you consider while purchasing Edible oil to sell to customer. (Rank it 1=highest priority to 10=lowest priority) Table 5.1 shows the factor that respondents consider before selling it to the customers.
Particular Customers Demand Quality Product
1 92
2 2
3 2
4 2
5 2
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
10 0
of 6
14
25
13
10
14
Price of the 0 product Brand of the 0 company Consistency of service Scheme Product Credit Policy Profit Margin Replacement 0 of Product Relation with distributor 0 0 0 on 2 the 0
30
18
11
19
36
20
14
14
10
21
17
14
10
10
14
21
15
20
22
24
16
21
10
16
24
20
10
12
24
27
29
16
22
52
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Chart5.1 shows the factor that respondents consider before selling it to the customers.
Particular Customers Demand Quality of Product Price of the product Brand company of
Weight 980 690 673
Percentage 17.78 12.52 12.21 11.84
Rank 1 2 3 4
the 653
Consistency of the 610 service Scheme on Product Credit Policy Profit Margin Replacement of Product Relation distributor with 192 519 505 365 326
11.06
9.41 9.16 6.62 5.91
6 7 8 9
3.48
10
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Weightd Rank
Series 1 980 690 673 653 610 519 505
365
326
192
INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows following result: From the survey, it is found that retailer has given preference to purchase edible oil which can be sold to customer easily as it is as per their demand .This is given rank no 1. The retailer purchase edible oil as per the quality of the product, as customer purchase edible oil of good quality. This is given rank no. 2 From the survey, it has seen that retailers purchase edible oil on the comparative price. It is rank no. 3 As per the survey, it can be said that retailer has given next preference to other feature to purchase edible oil is brand of the company, consistency of the service, and scheme of product Other points that consider by the retailers are credit policy, profit margin, and replacement of the product. The least retailers purchase edible oil on the basis of relation with distributer.
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6. Do you know about TIRUPATI edible oil? (Please () tick mark) YES NO
Table 6.1 shows whether the respondents are aware about TIRUPATI edible oil.
Respondent 100 0 100
Percentage 100 0 100
Chart 6.1 shows whether the respondents are aware about TIRUPATI edible oil.
know Tirupati Edible oil

Yes 0% No
100%
INTERPRETATION: Here it can find 100% of the retailers are known Edible oil at their store. It can also say that Tirupati Edible oil has know by retailer because demanded by the customers at retail outlets so the retailers are know Edible oil
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7. Do you store TIRUPATI Edible oil? YES NO
Table 7.1 shows the respondents response regarding storing of TIRUPATI Edible oil.
Respondent 97 3 100
Percentage 97 3 100
Chart 7.1 shows the respondents response regarding storing of TIRUPATI Edible oil.
No 3%
Store edible oil
Yes 97%
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INTERPRETATION: Out of the 100 retailers 97 retailers are keeping Tirupati edible oil that is 97% of retailers are keeping Tirupati edible oil to sell at their outlet in the market. Out of 100 retailers 3of the retailers are not keeping Tirupati edible oil at their stores that is 3% of them are not keeping selling at their store. Major retail outlets are covered by Tirupati Company to sell their edible oil.
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Q8 Please show your level of satisfaction towards TIRUPATI Edible oil by Rating the below mentioned factors in scale of 1 to 5?(1=highly dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=Neutral, 4=satisfied, 5=highly satisfied)
Table 8.1 Show the satisfaction level of the retailler
Factor Relation with Distributor Product Quality Purchasing Price Service by company Variety in edible oil Scheme company Correct order delivered to your store Invoice accuracy Product Delivery Time Replacement company Profit Margin provided by provided by
Mean 4.3814 4.4742 3.9691 4.2165 4.1649 3.3093
Std. Deviation .78320 .57902 .63662 .63290 .68739 .66710
4.0722
.59943
4.2371 4.0825 4.0722
.55477 .53366 .69593
4.0928
.70832
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Chart 8.1 Show the retailer satisfaction level
Mean score
Mean score 4.3814 4.4742 3.9691 4.2165 4.1649 3.3093 4.0722 4.2371 4.0825 4.0722 4.0928
Interpretation Here, the Respondents were asked to show their level of satisfaction with several statements. In this question 11 components are framed and respondents were supposed to show their level of satisfaction towards these components. Mean score has been calculated in this question. Product Quality is the Component with which most of the respondents are satisfied. This statement got 4.4742 mean score which falls in between indifference to satisfied scale. Scheme Provide by the company this is the Component with which majority of the respondents are Neutral. The mean score of this component is 3.3093 which fall in between satisfied to Neutral scale.
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Table 8.2 shows the reliability statistics
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .835 N Items 11 of
FACTOR ANALYSIS Table 8.3 KMO and Bartletts test
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Approx.Chi-Square Bartletts Test of Sphericity Df Sig. .744 443.559 55 .000
In this case KMO value is 0.744, therefore factor analysis is possible. INTERPRETATION: Communalities: The following table- gives the initial and the extracted communalities. Communalities: Indicate the amount of variance in each variable is accounted for. Initial communalities: Estimates of the variance in each variable accounted for by all components or factors. Extraction communalities: estimates of the variance accounted for by the factors (or components) in the factor solution.
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Small values indicate variables that do not fit well with the factor solution, and should possibly be dropped from the analysis.
Table 8.4 Communalities table
Communalities
Initial Relation Distributor Product Quality Purchasing Price Service by company Variety in edible oil 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 with 1.000
Extraction .632
.866 .569 .625 .818 .665
Scheme provided by 1.000 company Correct order 1.000
.606
delivered to your store Invoice accuracy Product Time Replacement provided 1.000 by company Profit Margin 1.000 .601 .640 1.000 .596 .610
Delivery 1.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis
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This table gives Eigen values, variance explained and cumulative variance for the factor solution
Table 8.5 Shows Total Variance Explained
Total Variance Explained
Co mp on ent
Initial Eigen values
Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Rotation sum of Squared Loadings
Total
%of Variance
Cummu Total lative %
%of Variance
Cummu Total lative %
%of Variance
Cumm ulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
4.285 1.737 1.207 .860 .707 .530 .480 .424 .331 .256 .183
38.950 15.789 10.971 7.821 6.430 4.817 4.365 3.856 3.007 2.327 1.667
38.950 54.740 65.711 73.532 79.962 84.779 89.144 93.000 96.006 98.333 100.000
4.285 1.737 1.207
38.950 15.789 10.971
38.950 54.740 65.711
2.560 2.503 2.166
23.269 22.750 19.691
23.269 46.019 65.711
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INTERPRETATION: The first panel gives values based on initial Eigen values. The extractions sums of squared loadings group give information regarding the extracted factors or components. The total column gives the amount of variance in the observed variables accounted for by each component or factors. In a good factor analysis, there are a few factors that explain a lot of the variance.
This table is required to summarize the results.
Table 8.6 Shows component Matrix
Component Matrix Component 1 Correct delivery Relation with .723 the distributer Replacement Service provided company Profit margin Invoice accuracy Purchasing Price .631 -.106 -.400 .664 .632 .314 -.024 .247 .442 by .700 .674 -.236 -.275 .307 -.308 .267 -.193 .741 2 -.228 3 .063
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Scheme Provided company Delivery Time Variety edible oil Product Quality by
.615
-.362
-.395
.568
-.276
.460
in .282
.830
.225
.499
.690
-.375
Extraction Method : Principal Component Analysis a. 3 components extracted
Table 8.7 shows rotated component matrix
Rotated Component Matrix Component 1 Scheme Service compny Purchasing price Delivery Invoice accuracy Replacement .325 .729 .576 .053 .094 .149 .117 .766 .734 -.047 .210 .717 .137 .190 .791 by .741 2 .192 .273 3 -.050 .048
Correct order .515
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delivery Product quality Variety edible oil Relation with .509 distributor Profit margin .154 -.046 .840 .259 .553 in -.255 .148 .855 .343 -.117 .857
Table 8.8 Shows component transformation Matrix
component transformation Matrix
Component 1 2 3
1 .648 -.342 -.681
2 .641 -.238 .729
3 .412 .909 -.065
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Component Scheme Service by company Purchasing price Delivery Invoice accuracy Replacement Correct order delivery Product quality Variety in edible oil Relation with distributor Profit margin good quality and Profit margin of Tirupati edible oil service provided by company of edible oil are sold to retailers with scheme products are replaced and
delivered on time with accurate invoice
INTERPRETATION: Component 1 is highly loaded on Service by company, scheme and purchase price of Tirupati edible oil, so service provided by company of edible oil are sold to retailers with scheme is a one, which better represents this group Component 2 is highly loaded on Product delivery time, replacement and invoice accuracy which represents the preference for Tirupati edible oil products, so products are replaced and delivered on time with accurate invoice is a one, which better represents this group. The third component is highly loaded with Product quality and profit margin, so good quality and Profit margin of Tirupati edible oil is a one, which better represents this group
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9. Have you ever recommended TIRUPATI Edible Oil to customers? Yes No
Table 9.1 shows the percentage of respondents recommending TIRUPATI edible oil to customers.
Particular Recommended Yes No Total 62 35 97
Chart 9.1 shows the percentage of respondents recommending TIRUPATI edible oil to customers.
Reccomanded
62 35
Yes No
INTERPRETATION It is said that retailers try to recommended Tirupati edible oil if company give good scheme to retailer as well as customer than it is increase the demand.
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10. Please tick in front of the media from which you came to know about the brand Tirupati edible oil? Table 10.1 shows the media through which they came to know about the brand Tirupati edible oil.
Media Newspaper Television ads Radio ads Hoardings Leaflets Display in store Internet ads
Yes 97 86 78 72 16 50 0
No 0 11 19 25 81 47 97
Table 10.1 shows the media through which they came to know about the brand Tirupati edible oil.
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Chart Title
Yes 97 86 78 11 19 81 72 25 16 Newspaper Television Radio ads ads 0 Hoardings Leaflets Display in store 47 50 97 No
Internet ads
INTERPRETATION
Here in this question Respondents were asked to tick to their preferred source of advertisement. By analyzing the data, it is seen that the most preferred source of advertisement is Newspaper. Respondents preferred Newspaper the most as the source of advertisement.
Second most preferred source of advertisement is Television ads, followed by Display in stores, Radio, hoardings and display in store. Least preferred source of advertisement is Internet
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11. What are the modes of payment/s preferred by you? Cash Credit
Table 11.1 shows the modes of payment preferred by customers.
Particular Cash Credit Total
No of respondent Percentage 77 20 97 79 21 100
Chart 11.1 shows the modes of payment preferred by customers.
modes of payment
21% cash credit 79%
INTERPRETATION Most prefer payment is cash because they give cash discount on cash payment. Whose prestige is good in the mind company give them credit.
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Q12.Please give your valuable suggestion, if any regarding Tirupati Edible oil. Suggestion: Reduce the price Try to maintain relation with retailer Give more discounts on credit Give more credit period Give some scheme Give some advertising holdings Please increase profit margin If new are there give some more credit period Do more promotional scheme
Page 133
CHAPTER 6 FINDING AND RECOMMANDATION
Page 134
PROJECT FINDINGS
RETAILER: Retailers store edible oil as per the demand of customer. Generally they retain the stock of reputed brands i.e. Tirupati, Gulab, Ankur, Dhara, Saffola, Sun drop as demands of these brands are too high in the market. Tirupati brand is most knowing brand of edible oil It is found out that most of retailers are in this business for more than 10 years. and they are good reputed in their area and they have large number of customer Out of 100 retailers, all 100 retailers keep edible oil. So we can say that in the market demand for these products is high. So retailers are interested to keep these products at their retail outlets. It is regular base use and always in demand. The edible of the N.K.Proteins ltd Company holds the strongest position in the market out of the product length of the company. Out of 100 retailers, 97 retailers are selling edible oil to their customers. Retailers are getting good return on the sales of the edible oil of N.K. Proteins ltd Company due to heavy demand of cottonseeds edible oil in market. For the retailers and timely accurate service provided by the company. N.K.Proteins ltd has relation with retailers more than 10 years long. This is due to constant service, good marketing team efforts and good distribution channel in Ahmadabad city. Because of demand from customer side and therefore the retailers are attracted to retain the stock of this product. Quality, taste and smell of edible oil the customer to use the product in their routine life despite of its high price compare to the competitor. Retailers mostly prefer to purchase on weekly basis and in less quantity that is in range of 1 ltr bottle /pouch and 500mlbottle/pouch.. There is also high demand by customers for N.K.Proteins in the market and also customer always demand fresh packing from the retailers so the retailers also prefer to store fresh packing with current dates on weekly basis. Retailers prefer to purchase edible oil by keeping customer demand and brand name of the product. They also look Quality and Price of the product. Retailers always look for customer benefits and after it they look for their benefit. So they give priority to customers demand.
It could be concluded that the newspaper is the most preferred source of advertisement. The local reason behind this could be that, people read newspaper and it is universally proven that the newspaper is the best source of news. On the basis of observation we also found that the sale of edible oil in the west zone of Ahmadabad region is not good as compared to east zone. In that east zone edible oil product customer get cheaper rate in that zone
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CUSTOMERS:
On the basis of the survey, it is found that the Tirupati edible oil is highly consumable. The reason behind it is high Quality and good taste and smell in the product. It is found that also Local stores are the highly preferred place to buy edible oil product, because usually people find the product and various variants of the product from same place. It could be concluded that people mostly preferred to purchase 5 ltr jar among all the packing of edible oil available in the market of the company they regularly consume. So company should more focus on 5 ltr jar packing. Through our survey it is found out that health factor in the buying decision of customers holds the significant importance. Quality of edible oil gives an impact on the buying decision of the customers. Quantity and ingridiance in edible oil are also important factors which effect the decisions of the customers towards the edible oil product. It is found that shop keepers suggestion and location of the stores are not generally effecting the buying decision of the customers of edible oil It is found that the main reason for not using Tirupati edible oil up to the date was that people are now more health conscious regarding edible oil . Customers are generally think on the health conscious and it is affected by the different company of edible oil Out of the Tirupati users and those who have consumed Tirupati edible oil. They are satisfied with it The customers that are not using edible oil most are using different edible oil since many years. Some of them feels that price quoted by Tirupati is very high and they cannot pay that price. There is no problem with the Tirupati quality but the decision of customers depends greater on the products that are better for health. Advertising is not most important to purchase edible oil. Health is also important part.
Page 137
On the path of survey we found that 23% of the people are compare once the tirupati because if they are not satisfied in future they may be switch. Some of them said they get everything from their current brand and there is nothing new or special that Tirupati Company provides. So they want to be with their current brand. Some respondent also told that Tirupati have priced their slightly high . Means they want to say that price is not worth the product. But if they provide everything that their current brand is providing than they can try at least once. So from this we could conclude that if we something new that they are getting from their current edible brand with affordable price than there is opportunity to increase the sales of Tirupati. .
Page 138
RECOMMENDATION:
Company should arrange meeting with retailers followed by complementary lunch or dinner and in the meeting with companies top level management should make retailer aware regarding companies policies, procedures regarding replacement, and also company future plan should also be shared so as retailer take interest in selling companies product. Company should give coupons in every newspapers in Ahmadabad city which customers need to carry that cutting to their nearest retailer to get free sample of Tirupati edible . Company should bring the bulk offers in the large Quantity purchased by the retailers and continue that offer throughout the year in order to increase the level of sales of edible oil.. Company should give display at different stores where the sales of edible oil is found less. The display should be in such direction that the customer entering the store gets directly attracted towards that display which is exclusively for Tirupati edible oil products. According to changing seasons and upcoming festivals company should make advertisement related to that festival or season. In making advertisement company should focus on the idea of delivering message, creativity, and jingle in the advertisement as the research shows that people are more conscious about these factors in advertisement and they gives long lasting impact on viewers mind. Company should give timely training to the sales staff which are working under the distributors of the company in west zone. Company should also do advertising of different edible oil brand. Company should promote other brand and give sample of these brand with highly selling brand.
Page 139
CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 140
Books Marketing Management, Philip kotler Naresh K Malhotra and styabhushan das 5th edition, Marketing Research Business Statistics, Fourth Edition. Ken Black. Wiley Student Edition. Journals Aradhey, A. (2011). Global Agricultural Information Network Report. Indian Edible Oils Industry: Key Trends and Credit Implications. (2011, July). ICRA Rating Feature . O. C. (2003). Qulity management. In Commonwealth of Learning. Canada. Cooil B., K. T. (2007). Customer satisfaction and Share of Wallet. Journal of Marketing , 71(1), 67-83. Sukumar. (n.d.). A stydy of consumer's preference and satisfaction towards various cell pgone service providers.
Website Visited http://www.ameft.com http://www.commodity.com http://www.ask.com http//www.money control http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com http://www.n.k.protein.com www.agro.product.com WWW.servinghistory.com WWW.AMET.COM http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/keyword/edible-oil&sa
Page 141
http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/icra-reports/key-trendsindian-edible-oilindustry-icra_565253.html http://fcamin.nic.in The economics times www.indialawoffices.com/pdf/edibleoilindustrie.pdf www.scribd.com/doc/indianedibleoilindustriereportbyanil www.indialawoffices.com/pdf/edibleoilindustrie.pdf
Page 142
CHAPTER 8 ANNEXTURE
Page 143
ANNEXTURE1
QUESTIONNIARE (Customers) Dear Respondent, We are the students of S. V. Institute of Management. As a part of our curriculum, we are required to conduct a research. So kindly co-operate us to fill up this questionnaire, as it is a part of our research study. The information provided by you would be used for study purpose only and will be kept confidential. 1. Have you ever purchase edible oil? (Please () mark) YES NO
2. How many of the following brands are you aware of edible oil? (Please specify your level of awareness in 1 to 5 ) (1=never heard, 2=know somewhat, 3=Neutral, 4=know well, 5=know very well) Product Maruti Dhara Gulab Tirupati No Product Sun drop Saffola Fortune Ankur No Product Flora Fryola Avsar Rani No
3. Which brand of edible oil do you consume regularly? Answer: ___________________________ 4. Please specify from where do you prefer to purchase edible oil? (Please () mark) PLACE Mall Retailer Wholesaler 5. Please specify how frequently do you purchase edible oil? (Please tick Mark) Time Tick Time Tick Time Tick Tick
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Daily Weekly
Fortnightly Monthly
Quarterly Yearly
6. Please specifies which size of packing generally you prefer to purchase in edible oil? PACKING Tick 15 Kg tin 15 Liter Jar 5 Liter Jar 1 Liter Pouch & bottle 500 ml Liter bottle& Pouch
7. Please rate the importance of following factors on the basis of your preference while purchasing edible oil? (Please () mark) PARTICULARS 1=Extremely Important 2=Important 3=Neutral 4=Not Important 5=Not at all Important Quality Price Ingredients Packing Brand Name Health Taste Smell Durability Availability Location Retail store Shopkeepers
of
suggestion
8. Do you use Tirupati edible oil? (Please () mark) YES NO
If No than the reason behind not using Tirupati edible oil is
9. From which source do you know the brand Tirupati edible oil? (Please () Mark) Particulars News paper T. V. Radio Tick Particulars Word of Mouth Magazine Holdings Tick Particulars Relatives Friends Other Tick
10. Which category of Tirupati edible oil do you use? (Please () Mark) Category Tirupati cotton seeds Tirupati ground nut Tirupati Active Tirupati Sun Pride Tirupati Lite Malaya Gold
11.Please rank the below given reasons that encourage you to purchase Tirupati Edible Oil?
Tick
(Give the rank 1 to 9 ) (Where 1 = most imp. , 9 = least imp. ) Particular Ingredients Quality Price Rank Particular Quantity Health Issue Smell Rank Particular Taste Word of mouth advertisement Rank
Page 146
12.Please specify your level of satisfaction on the basis of your opinion regarding Tirupati edible oil consumption 5=highly satisfied) (1=highly dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=Neutral, 4=satisfied,
Particular Quality Price Ingredients Packing Brand Name Health Taste Smell Durability Availability
13. Have you ever compare the Tirupati edible oil with other branded oil ? Yes NO
If, Yes give the reason
If, No give the reason
14. Have you recommended the Tirupati edible oil to other person? Yes No
Page 147
15.Please give your valuable suggestion if any regarding Tirupati Edible Oil.
Personal Information Name: _______________________________________________
Contact number: -
___________________________________
Gender: -
Male
Female
Age group: -
18 to 25 (
) 26 to35 (
) 36 to 60 (
) Above 60 (
Marital status: -
Married
Unmarried (
Family Structure: - Joint Family (
) Nuclear
Family Member:-
Annually family income: Less Than 1, 50,000 ( ) ) ) ) SSC HSC
Education: ( ( ( ) ) ) )
Occupation:House Wife Job Business Profession Other ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )
1, 50,001 To 3, 00,000 ( 3, 00,001 To 5, 00,000 ( Above 5, 00,000 (
GRADUATE
POST GRADUATE ( Other
THANK YOU FOR GIVING YOUR VALUABLE TIME AND RESPONSE
Page 148
ANNEXTURE 2
QUESTIONNAIRE (Retailler) Dear Rpondent, We are the students of S.V. Institute of Management. As a part of our curriculum, we are required to conduct a research. So kindly co-operate us to fill up this questionnaire, as it is a part of our research study. The information provided by you would be used for study purpose only and will be kept CONFIDENTIAL. 1. For how long have you been in this business? Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years 6 to 10 years More than 10
2. Please specify from the following, which type of edible oil do you keep to sell of any company? (Please () tick mark (you can select multiple option) Product Tirupati Vimal Fortune Gulab Sun-drop Saffola Dhara 3. How frequently do you purchase edible oil? Time Daily Weekly Fortnightly Tick Time Monthly Quarterly Yearly Tick Tick
Page 149
4. Which different size of edible oil you purchase? PACKING 15 Kg tin 15 Liter Jar 5 Liter Jar 1 Liter bottle 1 Liter Pouch 500 ml Liter bottle 500 ml Liter Pouch 5. Please rank the following factor on the basis of their priority that you consider while purchasing Edible oil to sell to customer?(Rank it 1=highest priority to 10=lowest priority) Particular Customer Demand Quality of product Price of the product Brand of the company Consistency of the Service Rank Particular Scheme on product Credit policy Profit margin Replacement of product Relation with distributor Rank Tick
6. Do you know about TIRUPATI edible oil? (Please () tick mark) YES NO
7. Do you store TIRUPATI Edible oil? YES NO
8 Please show your level of satisfaction towards TIRUPATI Edible oil by Rating the below mentioned factors in scale of 1 to 5?(1=highly dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=Neutral, 4=satisfied, 5=highly satisfied)
Page 150
FACTORS Relation with Distributor Product Quality Purchasing Price Service by company Variety in edible oil Scheme provided by company Correct order delivered to your store Invoice accuracy Product Delivery Time Replacement provided by company Profit Margin
9. Have you ever recommended TIRUPATI Edible Oil to customers ? Yes No
10.Please tick in front of the media from which you came to know about the brand Tirupati edible oil Particulars Newspaper Television ads Radio ads Hoardings Leaflets Display in store Internet ads Tick
11. What are the modes of payments preferred by you?

Cash
Credit
12. Please give your valuable suggestion, if any regarding TIRUPATI Edible Oil.
DEMOGRAFIC DETAIL
Name: _______________________________________________________ Store Name: ___________________________________________________ Contact No: ____________________________________________________ Gender: Male Female
Age: Please () tick mark
Year 15-30 30-45
Tick
Year 45-60 Above 60
Tick
Education: Please () tick Mark
Monthly Income: Please () tick mark
Education Qualification Less than SSC SSC HSC Graduate Post-Graduate
Tick
Income (In INR) Less than 10000 10000 15000 15000 20000 20000 25000 25000 or more
Tick
THANK YOU FOR GIVING YOUR VALUABLE TIME AND RESPONSE
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A Summer Internship Project On

S.V. Institute of Management, Kadi

Mr. Rakesh R. Gupta Mr. Dipak R. Shah

Enrolment No. (107490592042) (107490592049)

S.V. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Rakesh Gupta Dipak shah

S.V. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTITUTE OF MNAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Dry degermination Wet degermination.

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Yellowish seeds Red seeds Black seeds

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Type of oil Almond Butter

Uses Baking, sauces, flavouring Cooking, flavouring baking, condiment, sauces,

Ghee, clarified butter

Deep frying, cooking, sauteing, condiment, flavouring

Rice bran oil

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Indian Edible Oil Industry

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

rating agency has summarized

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Types of Oils commonly in use in India:

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Indian oil seed production scenario:

Importance of Edible Oils in the Countrys Economy

The economics times

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Domestic consumption and import of edible oils in India:

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Value Added Tax (VAT):

Foreign Direct Investment Policy:

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

1.15 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.33

Table 3: Forecast of demand for edible oil consumption in India.

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

Branded edible oils:

Localization of the Industry:

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI

INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

S.V.INSTUTIVE OF MANAGEMENT, KADI