MSE 2010/2160/2170 Homework #4 Due Wednesday, 10-5-11 Read chapters 9 and 16.

Work problems 7, 28, 40, and D4 from chapter 9. Work problems 4, 7, and 31 from Chapter 16. In addition, work the previous test questions given below. Show All Work. This homework will not be corrected before the test on the 7th so keep a copy or download my solutions, which will be posted on the 5th. 1. You are told to design an unreinforced concrete bridge such that the likelihood of the pillars failing in compression is 1 out of 10,000. You test 100 concrete compression samples, the same size as your beam, and find that the Weibull modulus is 3.4 and the characteristic strength is 30.7 MPa. a) What diameter pillar should you design if each pillar must support 200 metric tons of load (note 1 metric ton = 1000 kg, 1 kg =9.8 N)? b) Suggest a good method for strengthening concrete used in pillars. 2. Concrete is loaded in compression since its strength is 10-20 times higher in compression than in tension. An unreinforced (no rebar) concrete pillar is 1 meter in diameter and 7 meters long before loading to a compressive stress of 20 MPa. a) Calculate the length and diameter of the pillar under this stress assuming uniform elastic loading. b) Instead of loading in compression, the concrete is subjected to a tensile stress of 5 MPa. Taking the fracture toughness of concrete as 1 MPam, what size edge-crack will propagate under this stress? c) Mild steels, like 1020, are used to take up tensile loads in concrete because of their similar coefficients of thermal expansion. Assume a fracture toughness of 40 MPam for the steel. What size through-crack will start to extend in the steel if it is loaded to a stress of 100 MPa? 3. The wing of a MD 757 aircraft is fabricated from an aluminum alloy with a fracture toughness of 25 MPam. It has been determined that catastrophic fracture occurs when this alloy has a sharp internal (through thickness) crack exceeding 6 mm in length. A mechanic, while inspecting the plane, discovers a 5.0 mm deep surface crack in the plane and asks you whether it is all right to let the plane fly. Should the plane fly? (Support your answer with a calculation). 4. A 7075-T6 Al alloy, with a KIc value of 24 MPam, is cyclically loaded such when a surface flaw of length 0.1 mm develops, stable crack growth occurs given by the relationship da/dN (m/cycle) =5x10-12(K)4, where K has units of MPam. The stress cycles between 380 MPa and 300 MPa every second. How long will the aluminum component last before brittle failure occurs if Y is independent of crack length and that the above relationship is valid until fracture)? 5. A one-meter long Inconel tube is pulled in tension at 935oC. Over one year, steadystate creep allows the tube to elongate 10 cm when the stress is 100 MPa. If the stress is

increased to 150 MPa, the creep rate is three times as high. When the temperature decreases to 750oC, with 150 MPa stress, the creep rate is only 1/100th of that at 935oC. Give a creep equation containing a stress exponent and an activation energy for this hightemperature alloy.