ပ႒ာန္း ၂၄ ပစၥည္း

NOTES:
]] 24 ypnf;y|mef; }}
Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf bk&m;jzpfNyD; (7)ESpfMumaomf r,fawmfjzpfcJhzl;aom ewfom;udk trSL;jyK
pMum0Vmwdkufwpfaomif;rS uRwfxdkufaom ewf? jA[mwdkYtm; 0gwGif;okH;vvkH; omvGefxl;jcm;aom
tbd"rm(7)usrf;udk tus,fenf;jzifh a[mawmfrl\/
y|mef;(ygVdtac: y|me)[lonf (y=trsKd;rsKd;)? (|me=taMumif;w&m;)jzpf\/ jrefrmvdkqdkaomf
taMumif;w&m;trsKd;rsKdd; jzpf\/
bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfudk,fpm; &Hzef&Hcg w&m;a[may;&avY&dSaom vuFsm&H t&Sifom&dykw&m
rax&fjrwfBuD;tm; jyefvnf a[mMum;ay;\/ t&Sifom&dykw&mrax&fjrwfBuD;rS wynfh&[ef;ig;&mwdkYtm;
tbd"rmudk rus,fvGef; rusOf;vGef;jzifh oifMum;jyoawmfrl\/
xdktbd"rm(7)usrf;udk bk&m;wynfhom; &[ef;oHCm tqufqufwdkYu EIwfwuftm*kHaqmif
&GwfawmfrlMuukefom tzdk;xdkufwefaom tbd"rm&wemwdkYonf rsufarSmufacwftcgodkYyif qdkufa&muf
xGef;um; vmcJYayonf/
y|mef;usrf;BuD;onf tbd"rm(7)usrf;wGif wpfusrf;tygt0ifjzpf\/ y|mef;usrf;udk tydkif;
(2)ydkif;jzifh zJGYpnf;xm;\/
(1) rmwdumrQudkom tusOf;rQjyaom (rmwdumedauy0g&) tydkif;?
(2) tus,fw0ifh zGifhjya[mMum;xm;onfh (r[m0g&) tydkif;?
(1)
rmwdumrQudkom azmfjyaomtydkif;wGif (2)ydkif; jyefcJG\/

(u) uREkfyfwdkYtvG,fwul EIwfwdkufusufxm;onfh a[wkypa,mrSp t0d*wypa,mwGif
qkH;xm;onfh tusOf;jyqdkaomtydkif;/ (yp,ka'oygVd)
(c) uREkfyfwdkYtenf;i,fydk 0g,rpdkufxkwfum xyfrHusufxm;onhfh a[wkypa,mwdrS tpjyKNyD;
t0d*wypa,eypa,mwGifqkH;xm;onfh rusOf;rus,fjyqdkaomtydkif;/ (yp,eda'oygVd)
(2)
tus,fw0ifhzGifhjya[mMum;onfh tydkif;wGif tvGefus,fjyefY\/ ]]od,cukovH "rH y#dp ukoavm
"armOyaZ,s a[wkypa,m}} rSpum ]]ypeD,mEkavmryXmeH edXdwH}}wGif tqkH;owf\/ tao;pdwftm;jzifh
y|mef;usrf;aygif; (129232)usrf;&dS\/
a'gufwmrif;vSatmifBuD;\ vlwdkif;twGuf jrwfy|mef;a'oemawmf pm-23? 24
rSwfpkonf (1) rmwdumrQudkom azmfjyaomtydkif;udk avhvmxm;csuf a[mjyxm;csufrsm;ay:

wGifom tajccHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
( ..wu,fawmh y|mef;w&m;[m tbd"rmw&m;\ tydkif;wpfydkif;tjzpf ewfy&dowfawGtwGuf t"du
xm;NyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJhjcif;jzpf\/ ewfjynfrSm ewfy&dowftwGuf a[mxm;wJh w&m;rsm;udk ewfawGu
tvGefESpfoufayrnf/ olawmfaumif;ewfrSef&if y|mef;w&m;udk b,fol b,fae&mrSm&Gwf&Gwf? ESpfoufjrwfEdk;pGm
vma&mufem,lrSm aocsmygw,f/
t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&) )
Page1of121
NOTES:
tusOf;jyqdkaomtydkif;/
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
( 10 )
( 11 )
( 12 )
( 13 )
( 14 )
( 15 )
( 16 )
( 17 )
( 18 )
( 19 )
( 20 )
( 21 )
( 22 )
( 23 )
( 24 )
a[wkypa,m
tm&rPypa,m
t"dywdypa,m
teE&ypa,m
oreE&ypa,m
o[Zmwypa,m
tnrnypa,m
ed,ypa,m
Oyed,ypa,m
yka&Zmwypa,m
ypmZmwypa,m
tmao0eypa,m
urypa,m
0dyguypa,m
tm[m&ypa,m
Èd,ypa,m
psmeypa,m
r*ypa,m
or,kwypa,m
0dy,kwypa,m
twdypa,m
ewdypa,m
0d*wypa,m
t0d*wypa,m
Page2of121
a&aomufjrpfESifhwlaomowd/
tmkHjzpf aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomowd/
tBuD;trI; OD;aqmifrIESifhwlaomowd/
tMum;rJhwpfqufwnf;jzpf aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomowd/
txyfr&Sd tMum;rJhjzpfaomowd/
twlwuGjzpfaomowd/
tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
wnf&mrSD&m trSDcHjzpfaomowd/
tm;BuD;aomwnf&mrSD&m trSDcHowd/
a&S;t&ifBudKwif aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
aemufrSjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
tzefwvJvJxkHyGm;wwfaomowd/
pD&if aphaqmfwwfaomowdESifh rsKd;apESifhwlaomowd/
tusKd;jzpf aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomowd/
axmufyHhcdkifapwwfaomowd/
tkyfcsKyfaomowd/
pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf Iwwfaomowd/
vrf;ozG,f ydkYaqmifaomowd/
,SOfonfjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
r,SOfonfjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
&Sdonfjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
r&Sdonfjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
uif;onfjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
ruif;onfjzpf aus;Zl;jyKaomowd/
NOTES:
rusOf;rus,fjyqdkaomtydkif;/
jrefrmvdkt"dym,fudk a'gufwmrif;vSatmifBuD;\ vlwdkif;twGuf jrwfy|mef;a'oemawmfrS rSDjirf; &,lygonf/
1?
a[wkypPa,mwda[wl a[wkor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH a[wkypPa,e ypPa,m?

ta_ct_rpfw&m;wdkhonf rdrdwdkhESif twlwuG,SOfwGJaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdkhajumif_zpffukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;
vnf;aumif;/ ta_ct_rpfozG,fowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
2?
tm&rR%ypPa,mwd@lyg,weH puQK0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tqif;tm@kHonf _rifodpdwf (_rifod"gw f) tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom apwodufw7m; wdkhtm; vnf;aumif;
tm@kHowWd_zif aus;Zl;_yK.?
o'Ng,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

toHtm@kHonf _um;odpdwf (_um;od"gw f) tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom apwodufw7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
tm@kHowWd_zif
aus;Zl;_yK.?
*E<m,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tehHtm@kHonf
eHodpdwf ((eHod "gw f) tm;vnf;aumif;
xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom
apwodufw7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
&om,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

t&omtm@kHonf pm;odpdwf (pm; od "gw f) tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom apwodufw7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
azmAm,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tawGhtxdtm@kHonf
xdodpdwf (xdod"gwf) tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom apwodufw7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
@lyg,weH o'Ng,weH *E<m,weH &om,weH azmAm,weH raem"mwk,m

tqif;tm@kH toHtm@kH teHhtm@kH t&omtm@kH tawGhtxdtm@kHwdkhonf
tm@kHudkodumr#aomoabmraem"mwfrsm;
wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

(tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkh) tm;vnf;aumif; xdkraem"mwfESif,SOfukefaom
apwodufw7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
oaA "rRm raem0dnm% "mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

cyfodrf;ukefaomw&m;wdkhonf tm@kHudktxl;odr+oabm(}uHodpdwf tawG;)tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tm@kHowWd_zif aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page3of121
NOTES:
,H ,H "rRH tm&AB a, a, "rRm Oy`d pdwWapwodum "rRm/
tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkhudk tm@kH_yKI tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkh_zpfaom pdwf/apwoduf w&m;wdkh
aw aw "rRm awoH awoH "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

onf _zpfjuukef.? xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhonf xdk xdkaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm; tm@kHowWd_zif
aus;Zl;_yK.?
3?
t"dywdypPa,mwdqENm"dywd qENor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

qt}uD;trSL;onf rdrdESifh,SOfukefaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdkhajumifh_zpfukefaom
@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ t}uD;trSL;OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
0D&d,m"dywd 0D&d,or`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

&J&ifhvkHhv tm;xkwfr+t}uD;trSL;onf rdrdESifh,SOfukefaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdkhajumi fh
_zpfukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pdwWm"dywd pdwWor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

pdwft}uD;trSL;onf rdrdESifh,SOfukefaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ pdwfajumifh_zpfukefaom
@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif; / t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
0DrHom"dywd 0DrHoor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

ynmt}uD;trSL;onf ynmESifh,SOfukefaom (r[mukodkvfpdwfESifh apwoduf) w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ ynmajumifh
_zpfukefaom@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
,H ,H "rRH *@kH uwGm a, a, "rRm
Oy`d pdwWapwodum"rRm/ aw aw "rRm
tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkhudk tav;t_rwf tm@kH_yKI tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkh_zpfaom pdwf/ apwoduf
awoH awoH "rRmeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

w&m;wdkhonf _zpfjuukef.? xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhonf xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhtm; t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zif
aus;Zl;_yK.?
4?
t&ypPa,mwdp=K0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

_rifodpdwfESifh xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

tm@kHvufcHpdwfESifh xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHpkHprf;pdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
"rRmeH
Page4of121
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
NOTES:
aomw0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

_um;odpdwfESifh
"rRmeH
xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
Cme0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

eHodpdwfESifh xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

"rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif ;tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

pm;odpdwfESifh xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
um,0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

xdodpdwfESifh xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom


Page5of121
NOTES:
"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;(ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhqdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom
ukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
ukodkvfw&m; (ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

a&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;(owWra_rmufukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemufaemufY_zpfukefaom
tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tAsmuww&m;(w'g@kH)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m; (tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhqdkif&mapwodufrsm;) wdkhonf aemufaemufY_zpfukefaom
tukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tukodkvfw&m;(tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhqdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;(owWra_rmuftukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemufaemufY

_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m;(w'g@kH)tm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuwm w&m;(_yKumr#_zpfaomjud,mpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom

tAsmuwmw&m; (_yKumr#_zpfaomjud,mpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm;tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m; (_yKumr#_zpfaomtm@kHqkH;_zwfpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;) wdkhonf aemuf aemufY
ukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmufukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhapwoduf)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m; (_yKumr#_zpfaomjud,mpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom
tukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
tukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmuf tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhapwoduf)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page6of121
NOTES:
a,oH a,oH "rRmeH te&m a, a,
tjuif tjuifa&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkh. tjum;rJhY_zpfukefaom tjuif tjuifaemufaemufY_zpfukefaom
"rRm Oy`d pdwWapwodum "rRm/ aw aw
"rRm awoH awoH
pdwf/ apwoduf w&m;wdkhonf_zpfukef.; xdkxdka&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf xdkxdk aemufaemufY _zpfukefaom

w&m;wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
5?
ore&ya,mwdp=K0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWume

"rRmeH
ore&ya,e ya,m?
apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?

"rRmeH ore&ya,e ya,m?

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
aomw0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWume

_um;odpdwfESifh xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
"rRmeH
ore&ya,e ya,m?
aus;Zl;_yK.?


aus;Zl;_yK.?
Cme0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWume


aus;Zl;_yK.?


Page7of121
aus;Zl;_yK.?
NOTES:
Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWume
"rRmeH
ore&ya,e ya,m?
aus;Zl;_yK.?


aus;Zl;_yK.?
um,0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWume


aus;Zl;_yK.?


aus;Zl;_yK.?

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;(ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom
ukovmeH "rRmeH ore&ya,e ypPa,m?

ukodkvfw&m; (ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;) txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH ore&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m;(w'g@kH)tm;
txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zif haus;Zl;_yK.?

tukovmeH "rRmeH ore&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tukodkvfw&m; (tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhqdkif&mapwodufrsm;) txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?


_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m;(w'g@kH)tm;
Page8of121
txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
NOTES:
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ;(_yKumr#_zpfaomjud,mpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom

tAsmuwmw&m; ;(_yKumr#_zpfaomjud,mpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?

ukovmeH "rRmeH ore&ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
ukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmuf ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh

aus;Zl;_yK.?

tukovmeH "rRmeH ore&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmuf tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhapwoduf)wdkhtm; txyfr&Sd tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
a,oH a,oH "rRmeH ore&m a, a,

tjuif tjuifa&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkh. txyfr&Sd t_cm;rJhY_zpfukefaom tjuif tjuifaemufaemufY_zpfukefaom

pdwf/ apwoduf w&m;wdkhonf_zpfukef.
"rRm awoH awoH
xdk xdk a&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf xdkxdk aemufaemufY _zpfukefaom
"rRmeH ore&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

w&m;wdkhtm; txyfr&Sdtjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
6?
aus;Zl;_yK.?
o[Zmwya,mwdpwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf tcsif;csif; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

b0_zpfpc%Y emrf ESifh @kyf wdkhonf tcsif;csif; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pdwWapwodum "rRm pdwWorkmemeH @lygeH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

pdwf/ apwodufw&m;wdkhonf pdwfajumifh_zpfaom pdwWZ@kyfwdkhtm; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page9of121
NOTES:
r[mblwm Oyg'g@lygeH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?
r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf rSDI_zpfukefaom rSD@kyfwdkhtm; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
@lydaem "rRm
t@lyDeH "rRmeH uddumav o[Zmwya,e ya,m?
@kyfw&m;wdkhonf emrfw&m;wdkhtm; tcsKdhumv(b0_zpfpc%Y)
twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;r_yKacs?
uddumav e o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

tcsKdhumv(b0umv)Y twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;r_yKacs?
7?
tnrnya,mwdpwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf
tcsif;csif;t_yeftvSef aus;Zl;_yK_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf tcsif;csif;t_yeftvSef aus;Zl;_yK_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnya,e ya,m?

b0_zpfpc%Y emrfESifh@kyfwdkhonf tcsif;csif;t_yeftvSef aus;Zl;_yK_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
8?
ed\,ya,mwdpwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif; t_yeftvSef trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf t_yeftvSef trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

b0_zpfpc%Y emrf ESifh @kyf wdkhonf tcsif;csif; t_yeftvSef trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pdwWapwodum "rRm pdwWorkmemeH @lygeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

pdwf/ apwodufw&m;wdkhonf pdwfajumifh_zpfaom @kyfwdkhtm; trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
r[mblwm Oyg'g@lygeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf ,if;wdkhudk rSDI_zpfukefaom rSD@kyfwdkhtm;
trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
p=m,weH p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

rsufjunf@kyfonf _rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page10of121
NOTES:
aomw,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?
em;tjunf@kyfonf jum;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Cme,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

ESmtjunf@kyfonf eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

v#mtjunf@kyfonf 7omodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
um,m,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

udk,ftjunf@kyfonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
,H @lyH ed\m, raem"mwk

tjuif@kyf
(ESvkH;aoG;@kyf[khtcsKdhuwifpm;.)
p raem0dnm%"mwk p 0wW/d wH @lyH
udk trSD_yKI odumr#oabm "mwf (tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwf)
wdkhonfvnf;aumif;/ tm@kHudk txl;odaom"mwf (}uHodpdwf tawG;)wdkhonfvnf;aumif; _zpfay:ukef.? xdk@kyfonf
raem"mwk,m p raem0dnm%"mwk,m p
tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/
wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e
ya,m?
xdkpdwfwdkhESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
9?
Oyed\,ya,mwdyk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH auod

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tAsmuwmeHH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
Page11of121
NOTES:
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e
ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH auod

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
Owk abmZer`d Oyed\,ya,e ya,m?

OwkESifh tpm;tpmonfvnf; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
ykavmyd Oyed\,ya,e ya,m?

yk*~Kdvfonfvnf; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
aoemoer`d Oyed\,ya,e ya,m?

tdrf/ ausmif;/ tdyf,m/ ae&mwdkhonfvnf; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page12of121
NOTES:
10?
yka&Zmwya,mwdp=m,weH p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e

rsufjunf@kyfonf _rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
ypPa,m?
aus;Zl;_yK.?
aomwm,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e

em;tjunf@kyfonf jum;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
ypPa,m?
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Cmem,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

ESmtjunf@kyfonf eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

v#mjunf@kyfonf &omodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
um,m,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

udk,ftjunf@kyfonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
@lyg,weH p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

tqif;tm@kHonf
_rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif;
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
o'Ng,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

toHtm@kHonf
_um;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif;
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
*E<m,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

teHtm@kHonf
eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif;
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
&om,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

t&omtm@kHonf pm;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page13of121
NOTES:
azmAm,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?
tawGhtxdtm@kHonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?

tqif;tm@kH toHtm@kH teHhtm@kH t&omtm@kH tawGhtxdtm@kH tm@kHudkodumr#aomoabmraem"mwftm;vnf;aumif;
wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

xdkraem"mwfESif,SOfukefaom
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
,H @lyH ed\m, raem"mwk p

tjuif@kyf
raem0dnm%"mwk p 0wWd/ wH @lyH
raem"mwk,m
u trSD_yKI tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;
tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif; tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m?

xdkpdwfwdkhESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH uddumav yka&ZmwypPa,e

tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfwdkhESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/
tcsKdhumv(b0umv)Y
a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh
ypPa,m/ uddumav e yka&ZmwypPa,e ypPa,m/

aus;Zl;_yK.? tcsKdhumv(b0_zpfpc%)Y
11?
a&Sh_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
ymZmwya,mwdymZmwm pdwWapwodum "rRm yka&Zmw\ r\ um,\ ymZmwya,e

aemufaemufY _zpfukefaom pdwf/ apwodufw&m;wdkhonf a&S;a&S;Y_zpfaom Tudk,f}uD;tm; aemuf_zpfowWd_zifh
ya,m?
aus;Zl;_yK.?
12?
tmao0eya,mwdyk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
tmao0eya,e
ypPa,m?
tzefwvJvJ_zpf_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm;
tmao0eya,e ypPa,m?
Page14of121
NOTES:
yk&drm yk&drm ud&d,mAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ud&d,mAsmuwmeH "rRmeH
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom _yKumr#}ud,m w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom _yKumr#}ud,mw&m;wdkhtm;
tmao0eya,e ypPa,m?
13?
urRya,mwdukovmukovH urRH 0dygumeH cE<meH
uwWm p @lygeH urRya,e ya,m?
ukodkvfuH/ tukodkvfuHwdkhonf tusKd;0dyguf_zpfaom emrfcE<mtm;vnf;aumif; uHajumifh_zpfaom@kyftm;vnf;aumif;

_yK_yifpD&if_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
apwem or`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHor`,kwWumeOP @lygeH urRya,e ya,m?

apwemonf ,SOFzuf_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdajumifh_zpfukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
_yK_yifpD&if_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
14?
0dyguya,mwd0dygum pwWma&m cE<m t@lygaem
tnrnH 0dyguya,e ya,m?
tusKd;0dyguf_zpfukefaom emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif; tusKd;0dygufowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
15?
tm[m&ya,mwduADuma&m tm[ma&m r\
um,\ tm[m&ya,e ya,m?
tvkyftavG;_yKwwfaom tpmonf Tudk,f}uD;tm; axmufyHhcdkifap_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
t@lydaem tm[m&m or`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHor`,kwWumeOP @lygeH tm[m&ya,e ya,m?

emrftm[m&wdkhonf ,SOfzufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; rdrdwdkhajumifh _zpfukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
axmufyHhcdkifap_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
16?
^d ,ya,mwd
p=K^dN,H p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?
rsufjunf@kyftpdk;&onf _rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
aomwd^dN,H aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?

em;tjunf@kyftpdk;&onf jum;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Cmed^dN,H Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?

ESmtjunf@kyftpdk;&onf eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page15of121
NOTES:
Zd0Sd^dN,H Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?
v#mtjunf@kyftpdk;&onf &omodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
um,d^dN,H um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?

udk,ftjunf@kyftpdk;&onf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
@lydZD0dwd^dN,H uwWm
@lygeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?
@kyfapmifhouftpdk;&onf uHajumifh_zpfaom @kyfwdkhtm; tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
t@lydaem ^dN,m or`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmeme @lygeH ^dN,ya,e ya,m?

emrftpdk;&wdkhonf ,SOfzufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdkhajumifh_zpfukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tpdk;&_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
17?
meya,mwdme*Fged meor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmeme @lygeH meya,e ya,m?

mefESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; xdkmefajumifh_zpfukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif; uyfI@+wwf_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
18?
rya,mwdr*Fged ror`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmeme @lygeH rya,e ya,m?

r*ft*Fgwdkhonf r*FESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ aqmifydkh_cifaus;Zl;_yK.?
19?
or`,kwWya,mwdpwWa&m cE<m t@lydaem

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif;
20?
tnrnH or`,kwWa,e ya,m?

,SOfwGJowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
0dy`,kwWya,mwd@lydaem "rRm
t@lyDeH "rRmeH 0dy`,kwWya,e ya,m?
@kyfw&m;wdkhonf emrfw&m;wdkhtm; r,SOfwGJowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
t@lydaem "rRm @lyDeH
"rRmeH 0dy`,kwWya,e ya,m?
emrfw&m;wdkhonf @kyfw&m;wdkhtm; r,SOfwGJowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
21?
twdya,mwdpwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnH twdya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif;
Page16of121
&dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
NOTES:
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnH twdya,e ya,m?
r[mbkwfav;yg;ac:@kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf tcsif;csif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnH twdya,e ya,m?

b0_zpfpc%Y emrfESifh@kyfwdkhonf tcsif;csif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pdwWapwodum "rRm pdwWorkmemeH @lygeH twdya,e ya,m?

pdwf/ apwodufw&m;wdkhonf pdwfajumifh_zpfaom @kyfwdkhtm; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
r[mblwm Oyg'g@lygeH twdya,e ya,m?

@kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf rSDI_zpfukefaon rSD@kyfwdkhtm; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
p=m,weH p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

rsufjunf@kyfonf _rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
aomwm,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

em;tjunf@kyfonf jum;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Cmem,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

ESmtjunf@kyfonf eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

v#mtjunf@kyfonf 7omodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
um,m,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

udk,ftjunf@kyfonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
@lyg,weH puQK0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

tqif;tm@kHonf
&dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
o'Ng,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

toHtm@kHonf
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page17of121
&dS_cif;owWd_zifh
NOTES:
*E<m,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?
teHtm@kHonf
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
&om,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

t&omtm@kHonf pm;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
azmAm,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

tawGhtxdtm@kHonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?

tqif;tm@kH toHtm@kH teHhtm@kH t&omtm@kH tawGhtxdtm@kH tm@kHudkodumr#aomoabm raem"mwftm;vnf;aumif;
wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e ya,m?

w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
,H @lyH ed\m, raem"mwk p

tjuif@kyf
raem0dnm%"mwk p 0wWd/
udk trSD_yKI tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/
tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/ _zpfay:ukef.?
wH @lyH raem"mwk,m p raem0dnm%"mwk,m p wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH twdya,e

ya,m?
xdk@kyfonf tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/
xdkpdwfwdkhESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; &dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
22?
ewdya,mwdore&ed@k'<g pdwWapwodum "rRm yKyÈMmeH pdwWapwodumeH "rRmeH ewdya,e
ya,m?
aumif;pGmt_cm;rJhcsKyfukef_yD;aom pdwf/apwodufw&m;wdkhonf aemufquf_zpfqJ_zpfukefaom pdwf/apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;

r&dS_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
23?
0d*wya,mwdore&0d*wm pdwWapwodum "rRm yKyÈMmeH pdwWapwodumeH "rRmeH 0d*wya,e ya,m?

aumif;pGmt_cm;rJhuif;ukef_yD;aom pdwf/apwodufw&m;wdkhonf aemufquf_zpfqJ_zpfukefaom pdwf/apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;
uif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page18of121
NOTES:
24?
t0d*wya,mwdpwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac:@kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf tcsif;csif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

b0_zpfpc%Y emrfESifh@kyfwdkhonf tcsif;csif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pdwWapwodum "rRm pdwWorkmemeH @lygeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

pdwf/ apwodufw&m;wdkhonf pdwfajumifh_zpfaom @kyfwdkhtm; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
r[mblwm Oyg'g@lygeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

@kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf rSDI_zpfukefaom rSD@kyfwdkhtm; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
p=m,weH p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

rsufjunf@kyfonf _rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
aomwm,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

em;tjunf@kyfonf jum;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Cmem,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

ESmtjunf@kyfonf eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

v#mtjunf@kyfonf 7omodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
um,m,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

udk,ftjunf@kyfonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
@lyg,weH puQK0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

tqif;tm@kHonf
ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page19of121
NOTES:
o'Ng,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?
toHtm@kHonf
ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
*E<m,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

teHtm@kHonf
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
&om,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

t&omtm@kHonf pm;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
azmAm,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

tawGhtxdtm@kHonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?

wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
,H @lyH ed\m, raem"mwk p raem0dnm%"mwk p 0wWd/ wH @lyH raem"mwk,m

tjuif@kyf
udk trSD_yKI tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/
tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/
p raem0dnm%"mwk,m p wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH t0d*wya,e ya,m?

_zpfay:ukef.? xdk@kyfonf tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/
tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhonfvnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfwdkhESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; ruif;_cif;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
y,eda'Naom
Page20of121
eddwm?
NOTES:
y|mef; 24 ypnf; tm;vufawGUusifhoHk;jcif;qkdif&m rSwfpk

ed'gef;
&efukefNrdKU tjynfjynfqkdif&max&0g' Ak'omoemjyKwuodkvf ygarmucsKyf q&mawmf a'gufwm
t&Sifb'EeErmvmbd0Ho rdefUouJhodkU avmub0c&D;udk pdwf"gwfBuHUckdifpGm ? wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm
jzwfausmfEkdif&ef "rtodPf&Sd&ef vGefpGm vkdtyfvSygonf/ xkd"rtodPfudk w&m;"rem,ljcif; w&m;
pmtkyfrsm;udk zwfIUoif,ljcif;? vufawGU usifhoHk;jcif;jzifh tenf;qHk;taejzifh pdwf"gwfBuHUckdifrIESifh wnfNidrf
at;csrf;rIUrsm;udk txdkuftavsmuf cHpm;Ekdifrnfjzpf\/
uRefawmfwdkU vlvwfydkif;? vli,fykdif;trsm;pkwdkUonf w&m;"rrsm;udk vufawGU
b0xJokdU ,laqmiftoHk;csrIwGif vGefpmG tm;enf;aeonfukd 0efcHMu&rnfjzpfonf/
q&mawmfrsm;\ atmufyg rSwfcsufrsm;? wdkufwGef;csufrsm;u tcsufrSefuefaMumif; axmufcHcsuf
ay;ouJhodkU jzpfae\/
]]omoemawmfrSm 'DFavmuf ta&;ygwJh w&m;awmfBuD;wpfck zwf&GwfolwdkU&JUyg;pyfzsm;rSmyif
vrf;qHk;aewm omoemawmfeJU BuHKcGifh&aeolwdkU&JU epfemcsufBuD ;wpfckygyJ /}}
(urmAk'omoejyKq&mawmf ao|dvESifh ewfrSDawm& q&mawmfBuD;wdkU\ pum;0dkif;rS w&m;OD; ESifh ywfouf ajymMum;csufudk "rab&Dt&Sif0D&d,
(awmifpGef;) q&mawmf\w&m;OD; pmtkyf aumufEIwfazmfjyxm;csuf)
Ak'bmom0ifrsm;yif ]]w&m;tm;xkwfonf}} ? ]]bm0emtm;xkwfonf}} qkdaom pum;vHk;udk

Mum;vdkuf? jrifvkdufonfESifh wNydKifeuf aeUpOfvkyfaeMu vkyfief;rsm;udk pGefUypf&rnf[k
awG;vkdufMu\/ vlolav;yg; uif;a0;aom vIdPf*l ? ausmif;cef; ponfwdkU wifysOfacG
xkdif&vdrfhrnf tenf;qHk; w&m;&dyfomodkUoGm; w&m;tm;xkwf&rnf[k awG;vdkufMuonf/
a'gufwmt&Sif0gvfydkvm&m[kvm\ What the Buddha Taught (OD;udkav;bmomjyef? jrwfAk'a'oem)
]]bm0em}} qkdaom ygVdpum;vHk;u ]]jzpfapjcif;? wdk;yGm;apjcif;}} [k t"dyg,f&\/ pdwfaumif; pdwfjrwfawG

jzpfay:vmatmif "gwfaumif;"gwfjrwfawG wdk;yGm;vmatmif jyKvkyftm;xkwfjcif;udk bm0em[kac:\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]&m*ua,medAmeH? a'goua,medAmeH? arm[ua&medAmeH}} &m*avmbukef&if
edAmefyJ ? a'goukef&if edAmefyJ ? arm[ukef&if edAmefyJ [k a[mMum;xm;\/ ]]rdrd\ pdwf avmb?
a'go ? arm[ ukd,fhpdwfrSm rjzpfatmifBudK;pm;&jcif;onf w&m;tm;xkwfae jcif;yifjzpf\}}
("r'lwt&SifaqudE - w&m;b,fvdktm;xkwfrvJ) pm 114
jrwfpGmbk&m;u vlwdkif; odEkdifwJh obm0w&m;awGudk a[mwm/ w&m;"rqdkwm obm0twdkif;

rdrdoEmefrSm jzpfay:aewJh t&mawGudkac:w,f/ tJ'Dobm0w&m; awGudk qifjcifpOf;pm;NyD;awmh
IrSwfaewm/ tJ'DvdkIrSwfjcif;obm0w&m;awGudk odaewmyifvsif w&m;tm;xkwfaewmjzpfw,f/
rsufpdBuD;rSdwfNyD;awmh ikwfwkwfBuD;xkdifaerS w&m;tm;xkwfwm r[kwfbl;aemf ..../
(a'gufwm t&SifeErmvmb0doH\ &Spfa,mufeJUwpfa,mufw&m;awmf pm 33 + 34 )
Page21of121
NOTES:
vlawG[m "r&JU tusdK;cHpm;rIUtwGuf toHk;rjyKMubJ ]]"r}}udk avmutusdK;twGuf avmufaom
toHk;csNyD; b,fokwf? b,f0gawGudk &Gwfzwf&if b,fvdkavmuDtusdK;awG&w,fqdkwJh aemufudkvdkuf
aeMupOf av;eufNyD; vdkufem&rnfh a'oemawmfBuD;onf pD;yGm;jzpf? tE&m,fuif;&Gwfzwfp&mtjzpf
eJUvrf;qHk;ae&wmudk tm;rvdktm;r& >rufMum;oGm;ygw,f/
("rab&Dt&Sif0D&d, (awmifpGef;)\ w&m;OD; pm 6)
t"dyg,frodbJ ygVdoufoufyGm;aeHkESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&nftaoG;aumif;rsm;onfb0xJ

rnfodkUrQ ra&mufvmEkdifacs/ t*Fvdyfpum;rwwfoludk t*FvdyfvdkoGm; csD;rGrf;vQif 0rf;omrnf
r[kwfacs/ ]]t&[H ? t&[H}} [k tacgufaygif;rsm;pGm ? ykwD;ywfaygif;rsm;pGm &GwfaevQif
ukodkvfawmh &ygrnf/ odkU&mwGif t&[H *kPfawmfESifh tvm;wl t&nftaoG;rsdK; ukd,fhb0xJodkU
ul;pufrvmEkdifacs/ t&[H*kPfawmfudk rodbJ t&[H*kPfawmfBuD;udk MunfndKvkdufwmqdkwm
rjzpfEkdifyg/ pD;yGm;wwfr,f? vmbf&Tifr,fqdkawm tarQmfavmbeJU &Gwfaejcif;rsdK;om
jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf/
(t&SifqEm"du\ tESKdif;rJhbm0em vufurf;pmtkyfi,frS)
(1) t&[H udavom uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

(2) t&[H qdwfuG,f&mt&yfyif raumif;rIUudk jyKawmfrrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(3) t&[H ylaZmftxl;udk cH,lawmfrx
l dkufaom jrwfpGmbk&m; [laom t"dyg,frsm;udk odvnf;od tmkH
vnf; jyKoifhayonf/
(t&SifqEm"du\ tESKdif;rJhbm0em vufurf;pmtkyfi,frS)
rSwfpkpmtkyfi,fonf ygVdruRrf;usifolrsm;? tbd"rmESifh reD;pyfolrsm;? Ak'w&m;udk pepfwus

avhvmoifMum;rI rjyKcJh&olrsm;? w&m;tm;xkwfonfqkd&mwGif w&m;pcef;oGm;? vlolESifha0;&mrSmae&aom
tusifhpOf[k xif&olrsm;tm; rdrdaeUpOftdyf&mrSxum ntdyf,m0ifonftxd rdrdvkyfaom tvkyfrsm;
tm;vHk;rSwqifh aumif;usdK;csrf;om ukodkvf&EdkifaMumif;udk od&Sdap&ef&nf&G,fygonf/
t"dyg,f&SdvSaom w&m;rsm;udk pum;ajyjzifh em;vnfap&ef q&mawmftqlqlwkdU

a[mMum;xm;onfh w&m;acGrsm; ? w&m;pmtkyfrsm;rS xkwfEkwf,lxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/&nfTef; xkwfEkwf,l
xm;onfh w&m;rsm;udk qufvufavhvm em,lvdkolrsm;twGuf azmfjyxm;ygonf/
twef;wpfwef;atmifNyD;aom ausmif;om;u? olatmifcJhaom twef;wufrnfh ausmif;om;
nDi,fnDri,frsm;udk rddrdoif,lcJhaom pmrsm;udk tultnDjzpfap&ef pmjyay;ouJhodkU oabmaygufatmif
avhvmxm;cJhaom rSwfpkrsm; w&m;rsm;udk jyefvnf azmufonfcsjcif;rsdK;om jzpfaMumif; OD;pGmajymMum;
vdkygonf/ eufeJNyD;tokH;0ifvSaom y|mef;w&m;awmfBuD;udk tajccH rSwfprk sm;rSwqifh qufvufavhvm
tm;xkwfjcif;wGif taxmuftuljyK&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
vGwfvyfpGm qifjcifcGifhay;xm;awmfrlaom jrwfAk'w&m;"rrsm;udk em;vnfoabmayguf

b0wdk;wufa&;ESifhtwl 'kucsKyfNidrf; vkdpdwfrsm;ay:aygufvmum rdrdtusdK; ? trsm;tusdK; ? omoem
tusdK;rsm;udk xrf;&Guf&m rSwfpkrsm;onf wpfawmifhwpfae&mrS taxmuftuljyKonfqdkyg vsif
vnf;aumif;? pdwfcsrf;omrIUonf tjyifrSmr&SdyJ? pdwfxJrSmom&SdaMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufvm vsiff
vnf;aumif;? rSwfpkjyKpkol\ &nf&G,fcsufjynfh0ygNyD/
Page22of121
NOTES:
jrwfAk'bk&m;&Sif\ qEtwdkif; vlyk*Kdvf ewfyk*KdvfwdkY csrf;om&ma&mufap&ef tifwdkuftm;wdkuf

BudK;pm;aeMuaom oHCmawmft&SifjrwfwdkYtm; vlyk*Kdvfrsm;bufrS tkwfwpfcsyf oJwpfyGifh ulnDvdkaom
qEvnf;ygygonf/
&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;u uRefawmfwdkU acwfy&dwfowfrsm;em;vnf oabmaygufap&ef apwem
*kPmxm; jrefrmpum;ajyjzifh a[mMum;ay;a&;om;ay;jcif;rsm;udkydkrdkjyKvkyfvmMuonf/
tbdk;tbGm;wdkUbmawGrSmcJhMuonffukdodzdkUa0;pG/ olwdkU\ eHrnfrsm;udk rSwfrdatmifyif renf;BudK;pm;
aeMu&aom uRefawmfwdkUtwGuf vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 2500 ausmfu jrwfAk'a[mMum;cJhaom w&m;rsm;
raysmuf rysufatmif vufqifhurf;o,faqmifvmMuaom &[ef;oHCmawmfwdkU\ aus;Zl;u BuD;rm;
vSay\/ wbufwGifvnf; vkdufemusifhoHk;rIwGif tm;enf;aom vlxky&dwfowftwGufvnf; arwm?
ukPm BuD;rm;pGmjzifh a[mjyay;Mu&\/ a&;om;ay;Mu&\/
oHCmawmfwdkUonf uRefawmfwdkUtwGuf rnfrQBudK;pm;BudK;pm; uRefawmfwdkUuawmh w&m;"rudk

tE&m,fuif;atmif? vmbfaumif;*gxmavmufom oabmxm;jcif; tavhtxudk rsm;rsm;pm;pm;
ajymif;vJjcif;r&SdMuonfudkawmh0efcH&rnf jzpfayonf/
,ckacwfwGif y|mef;tvGwfusufrSwfenf;rsm;vnf; ay:aygufvmouJhodkU y|mef;&Gwfqdkusuf

rSwfolrsm;vnf;aygrsm;vm\/ 0rf;omzG,f&m jzpfaomfvnf; y|mef;t"dyg,f&Sif;jyaom w&m;pmtkyfrsm;?
toHoGif;w&m;awmfrsm;udkrl ]]em;rvnfEkdifao;}}? ]]tcsdefrsm;rsm; ay;EkdifaomtcgrS}} qkdaom qifajcrsm;jzihf
a0;a0;a&SmifMu\/ rodroma&SmifMu\/ rSwfpkjyKpkolqdkvQif ydkqdk;\/ em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;zdkYa0;pG
rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;rsm; usufrSwfaecsdefwGif rdrdonf ygVdtvGwfusufrSwfonfh tqihfudkyif
ra&mufcJhyg/
"r'lwt&SifaqudEa[mMum;aom y|mef; 24 ypnf; toHoGif;w&m;awmfwyk'fukd tcGifhBuHK em

Mum;&ygonf/ yg&rD"mwfcHenf; tenf;i,frSsomem;vnfaomfvnf; xdktenf;i,frSsudk toHk;csvQifyif
ep"l0? reuf tdyf&mxrS ntdyf,m0if rnfonfhudprsm; twGufrqdk vGefpGmtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;aMumif;
od&Sdvkduf&aomtcg qufvuf em,lvdk pdwfrsm;ay: vmcJhygonf/
jrwfAk'a[mMum;w&m;rsm;udk wynfhoHCmawmfrsm;u vltrsm;em;vnfatmif jyefvnfa[mMum;

csufrsm;udk y|mef;SKaxmifhrS jyefvnfpkpnf;wifjyay;jcif;ESifh ]]a>ra>rcsif;ajcjrif}} qkdaom pum;twdkif;
vly&dwfowftcsif;csif; rdrdwdkUydk em;vnfEdkifaom pum;pkrsm;jzifh Oyrmrsm;jzifh jyefvnfwifjyxm;ygonf/
Page23of121
NOTES:
,aeUacwf? Ak'w&m;awmfESifh jrwfqE
,aeUacwfvli,frsm;onf aMumif;usdK;qifjcifEkdifrI e,fy,fwGif tm;aumif;Mu\/ r,HkvQif

r,HkMunfaMumif; ajym&efvnf;0efrav;acs/ uRefawmfwdkUi,fpOfuawmh apm'uwufvsif i&JBuD;rnf[k
xifcJhMuonf/
Ak't&Sifbk&m;u bmoma&;qkdfif&m orkdif;wpfavQmufwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;NydKifbufuif;onfh
Mo0g'udk umvmrokwfwGifa[mMum;cJhonfudk od&dSNyD;onfhaemufwGif xdktxiftjrif trSm;BuD;rSm;cJY
aMumif;udk od&dSvdkuf&\/
umvmrokwfwGif jrwfAk't&Sifbk&m;u umvmrtrsdK;om;wdkU/ / ,HkrSm;zG,fudpwGif
oHo,jzpfay:vmaomaMumifh oifwdkUonf ,HkrSm;oHo, &SdoifhMuonf/ pdwfIyfayGjcif;jzpfoifhMuayonf/
,ckIMuayavmh umvmrtrsdK;om;wdkU
owif;pum;udk Mum;HkrQjzifh em;ra,mifESifh/
tpOftvmjzpfayonf[lvnf; vufrcHESifh/
vlajymolajym wpfqifhpum;udkvnf;r,HkavESifh/
bmoma&;usrf;BuD;rsm;udk udk;um;ajymvnf; rSefavNyDrxifavESifh/
wuenf;ESifh qifjcifBuHq,lHkrQudkvnf; em;ra,mifavESifh/
yHktjrifo@mefMunfhvnf; rqHk;jzwfESifh/
a&mf&rf;rSef;q,l&aom wifjycsufudkvnf; trSef[k rrSwf,lESifh/
jzpfEkdifaumif;\[kxifjrif&Hkjzifhvnf; ,HkMunfygavESifh/
toifwdkUudk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m q&morm;jzpfayonf[laom oabmaMumifhvnf; rSefvSNyD[k
wpfxpfcs rrSwf,l& /
tdk ... umvmrEG,fzGm; trsdK;om;wdkU /
tcsdKUaom taMumif;w&m;onf tukokdvfjzpfonf/ rrSefuef? raumif;usdK;udkjrifonf[k
oifwdkYudk,fwdkifudk,fus od&Sd\/ xkdtaMumif;w&m;rsm;udk pGefYy,fMuukefavmh/
tcsdKUaom taMumif;w&m;rsm;onf ukodkvfjzpfonf/ aumif;usdK;jzpfaponf[k oifwdkYudk,fwdkif
udk,fusod\/ xkdtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ESpfoufpGmvufcH vkdufemusifhBuHMuayawmh/
xif&Sm;aom Mo0g'pum;t& jrwfAk'&Sifawmfonf vGwfvyfpGm awG;ac: vufawGUodrSom
,HkMunfoifhaMumif;udk twdtvif;wdkufwGef;cJhonf/
Ak'0g'onf udk;uG,fonfhoabmw&m;avm? zDavmfaqmfzDac: 'eduaA'avm ?
usdK;aMumif;jy ,kwdynm&yf wpfckavm[k rMumcPppfaMumar;jref;Muayonf/ rnfodkUyifac:ac:
rnfonfheHrnfay;ay; ta&;rBuD;yg/ Ak'a[mMum;onfh "rudk avhvmusifhoHk;&efom ta&;BuD;\/
a&TESif;qDb,frnfay;? arT;rysuf&Sdrnfom/ trnfemr vdk&ma&G; ? a&;rBuD;yg opmw&m;onfvnf;
trnfwHqdyfr&Sdyg/ rnfonfhbmomydkifvnf;r[kw/f rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufydkif rSvnf;r[kwfay/
jrwfAk'u t&Sdopmw&m;udk &SmazGawGU&Sd oifMum;ay;jcif;om jzpf\/
a'gufwm&Sif0gvfaygv&m[kvm\ What the Buddha Taught (OD;udkav;bmomjyef? jrwfAk'a'oem)
Page24of121
NOTES:
,ckacwfeD;eD;pyfpyf aeUpOfoHk;wdk;wufaeonfh kyf0wKrsm;onf jrwfaom w&m;"rrsm;udk
em;vnf&ef wpfenf;wpfvrf;tm;jzifh taxmuftuljzpf&ayonf/ Oyrm tm;jzif.
&efukefbPfcGJwpfckrS rEav;bPfcGJ wpfckodkU aiGvTJ&mpuefUydkif;twGif; a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;

udpwpfckudk avhvmMunfhyg/ &efukefrS vTJvkdufaom aiGom;rsm; rEav;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;vnf;r[kwf/
&efukefrSvTJvdkufaom aiGrsm;ESifhrEav;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;aom aiGrsm;qufpyfoufqkdifjcif; r&Sdyg[kvnf;
qdkr&acs/ &efukefrS vTJvdkufaom aiGwefzdk; (*kPfowd) a&mufoGm;jcif;omjzpf\/ xkdoabmudk em;vnfygu
uREkfyfwdkUudk 'kutay;qHk; ,HkMunfcsuf jzpfonfh 0dnmOfaumifav;onf rdrdcEmrSxGuf wjcm;
trd0rf;wGif; vkduf&Sm0ifa&mufjcif;r[kwfyg? rdrdESifhygoGm;onfhukodkvf? tukodkvfay:rlwnfNyD; b0rS
pkawNyD; csufcsif;BuD; rdrdESifh xdkufwefonfh ae&m y#doaEwnf&jcif ;udk pwifem;vnfEkdifayonf/
,aeU uGefysLwmonf wpfuefUwGif tBudrfaygif; 20 bDvD,H (ESpf*Pef;ESifh okn 10 vHk;)

wGufcsufEkdifonfh Microchip rsm; ay:aygufvmNyDjzpf&m usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;aom vufwpfzspf
wD;wGif pdwfua#wpfodef; (wpf*Pef;ESifh okn 12 vHk;) jzpfysufaeonfudk rjzpfEkdif[k 'dG[0ifp&m
rsm;rsm;pm;pm; rusefedkif awmhacs/
t*FvefwGif usif;yaeaom y&D;rD;,m;vd*frS abmvHk;yGJudk jrefrmjynfwGif tcsdefESifh wajy;nD

(on line) MunfhIaeolrsm;udk 'dApuKPf[kac:onfhbk&m; ? &[EmwdkU\vSrf;jrifEkdifyHktwGuf rsm;rsm;pm;pm;
&Sif;jyzdkUvkdrnfrxifay/
Page25of121
NOTES:
20&mpk odyHavmu\ xdyfwef;odyHynm&SifBuD; t,fbwftdkifpwdkif;\ Ak'bmomtay:

4if;\xif&Sm;vSaom xifjrifcsufwpfckudk azmfjy tyf ygonf/
The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. It should transcend personal God and avoid dogma and
theology. Covering both the natural and the spiritual, it should be based on a religious sense arising from
the experience of all things natural and spiritual as a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description.
If there is any religion that could cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism.
http://joshstaiger.org/archives/2003/06/einstein_and_bu.html
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
tem*gwfumv\ bmomw&m;um; obm0avmu"mwfwpfcGifvkH;twGuf tajzay;pGrf;Edkifaom

t,l0g'wpf&yfom jzpf&vdrfhrnf/ tESDbmomw&m;onf yk*v"dXmeft,ltqjzifh zefwD;wDxGifxm;aom
zefqif;&Sifbk&m;ESifh roufqdkifapoifh/ wpf,loef tpGJtvrf;rsm;ESifh ,if;wkdYrS aygufzGm;cJhaom
tusKd;aMumif;qufynmudkvnf; ausmfvTm;vGefajrmuf &vdrfhrnf/
xdkbmomw&m;vnf; obm0avmu"mwf (kyfw&m;)ESifhwuG emrfw&m;rsm;udk vTrf;NcKH
'dX"rjzifh t"dym,fjynfh0aom aygif;pyfnDGwfrSKudk azmfaqmifEdkifpGrf; &dS&ayvdrfhrnf/ Ak'bmomonf
xdkt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHonfudk awGY&\/ rsufarSmufacwf odyHynm\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;
ay;EdkifpGrf;&dSaom bmomw&m;wpfck&dSonfqdkygvsif xdkbmomw&m;u Ak'bmomyifjzpfayvdrfhrnf/
(bmomjyefudk omoemhtvif;wef;*sme,ftwGJ(1) trSwf(2)rS xkwf,lygonf/)
(20 &mpk odyHynm&Sif t,fbwftkdif;pwdkif; 1879-1955)
ppfrSefaom Ak'w&m;"rrsm;udk &&dSusifhokH;Edkif&ef urmt&yf&yfrS tyifyef;cH vma&mufem,l

tm;xkwfaeMuaom wdkif;wpfyg;om;rsm;udk Munfhjcif;jzifhom yDwdMunfEl;aeygvsif Mumyef;awGESifh
jynhfaeaom om,mvSyonfh a&uefwGif yef;0wf&nfvma&mufpm;okH;aeaom ysm;? ydwkef;? vdyfjymrsm;udk
Munfh MunfEl;aeaom ]] zm;}}oli,ftjzpfrsKd;ESifhwlaeygvdrfhrnf/
rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifvnf; w&m;"rt"dym,frsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufusifhokH;Edkif&ef rdrdESifhb0wl
vlomrefwdkYtwGuf rdrdwdkYyg&rDtvdku
f f tqifhqifhwufvSrf;Edkif&ef? eufeJvSaom y|mef;w&m;awmfBuD;udk
qufvufavhvmusifhokH;Edkif&ef rSwfpkonf wpfaxmihfwpfae&mrS tusKd;jyKEdkifygap[kqEjyKvdkuf&ygonf/
Page26of121
NOTES:
pdwf? apwoduf ESifh kyf

pdwf
pdwfrsm;onf cEmudk,ftwGif; BudKwifpka0;wnf&Sdaeonfvnf;r[kwf? tjyifbufwpfae&m&Sdxm;jcif;
vnf;r[kwf ? taMumif;w&m;av;csuf aygif;pHkrSom pdwfwpfckjzpfay:Ekdif\/ pdwfav;wpfckjzpfzdkU&ef
t*Fgav;csuf vkdtyfygonf/
pdwfqdkonfrSm olYtvkdkvdkvnf;rjzpf? olYtvdkvdkvnf; &dSrae? jzpfvmjyefvnf; rwnfNrJ? tmkH&dSrS
pdwf&dS&\/
apwoduf
MunfvifaewJh pdwfav;udk ta&mifqkd;wm apwoduf Identifying the mind /
pdwfonfukodkvfvnf; r[kwf? tukokdvfvnf;r[kwfao;bJ oleJUtwljzpfwJh apwoduf&JU cs,fvS,fcH&rS
obm0ajymif;&jcif; jzpfonf/ pdwfESifhtwljzpfygonf/ pdwfEiS fhtwlcsKyfygonf/
pdwfudkrSDwG,f ? pdwfudkcs,fvS,f? rSwfzG,f apwoduf[k qdkMu\/
kyf
kyf0wKrsm; onfr[mbkwf 4 yg; odkhr[kwf "mwfBuD;av;yg; tcsKd;trsKd;rsKd;aygif;pyf
xm;jcif;omjzpf\/
"mwfBuD;av;yg; qdkonfrSm wdkY jzpf\/
(1)
yx0D
=
j'yf&Sdjcif;oabm?
(2)
tmayg
=
,dkpD;jcif;oabm? zGYJpnf; jcif;oabm
(4)
0ga,m
=
axmufyHhjcif;? vIyf&mS ; wGef;uefjcif; oabm
(3)
awaZm
=
yljcif; ? at;jcif;oabm?
rwlonfrsm;udk rwlaomtcsKd;rsm;jzifh aygif;pyfygu twGJaygif; toFacs ra&rwGufEdkfifatmif
&ouJhodkY? "mwfBuD;av;yg;udkvnf; tcsKd;trsKd;rsKd;aygif;pyfaomtcg pMum0VmtwGif; uGJjym;aom
kyf0wKrsm;jzpfvmMu\/
rnfonfht&m0wKrqdk cufrmrI"mwftcsKd;? zJGYpnf;rI"mwftcsKd;? &ifhusufrI"mwftcsKd;ESifh vIyf&Sm;
axmufcHrI"mwftcsKd;tay: rlwnf uGJjym;ae&jcif;omjzpf\/
Page27of121
NOTES:
pdwf? apwoduf ESifh kyf

y|mef;usrf;onf pdwf? apwodufESifh kyfwdkY\ usKd;aMumif;qufpyfykHudk a[mMum;xm;onfhtwGuf
,if;wdkYtaMumif;udk *CePOD;pGm odxm;&ef vdktyfygonf/
pdwfqdkonfrSm olYtvkdkvdkvnf;rjzpf? olYtvdkvdkvnf; &dSrae? jzpfvmjyefvnf; rwnfNrJ? tmkH&dSrS
pdwf&dS&/ tmkHwpfckcsif;pDonf kyfaozvifwpfuGufcsif;pDESifhwl\/ ,if;zvif wpfuGufcsif;pDudk wpfpuefY
vQif 24uGuf tjrefEIef;jzifh rSefbDvl;a&SUrS jzwfapvQif kyf&SifjzpfoGm;ouJhodkY tmkHwpfckcsif;pDudk wpfpuefY
vQif uka#wpfodef;cefY tjrefEIef;jzifh jzwfapvQif tmkHwpfckcsif;pDonf ydknDnmpGm wpfqufwnf;
jzpfoGm;ouJhodkYyifjzpf\/
1/pdwf ESifh pdwfjzpfay:ykH

1
tmHk 6 yg; jzpfaom
pdwfonftmHkudk&,ljcif; oabmrQomjzpf\/ tmHkudk xif&Sm;atmifjyKvkyfjcif;jzifh tmHkudk &,lonf

ESifh wNydKifeuf pdwfonf csKyfysuf\/ xkdtcg apwodufwdkUvnf; csKyfysuf&\/
pdwfwkdUonf wpfckNyD;wpfck tjcm;r&Sd wqufwnf;jzpfay:\/ (tew& ypnf;)
pdwfrsm;onf cEmudk,ftwGif; BudKwifpka0;wnf&Sdaeonfvnf;r[kwf? pka0;wnf&Sdaeonfvnf;r[kwf?

tjyifbufwpfae&m&Sdxm;jcif;vnf;r[kwf ? taMumif;w&m;av;csuf aygif;pHkrSom pdwfwpfckjzpfay:Ekdif\/
Page28of121
tqif;tmHk ?
toHtmHk?
teHUtmHk ?
t&omtmHk ?
tawGUtxdtmHk ?
pdwful;BuHpnfonfh tmHk wpfckckaMumifhom pdwfjzpfay:Ekdif\/
NOTES:
(u) jrifodpdwf
rsufpdoli,ftdrf\ rsufeuf0ef;tv,fwnfhwnfhoef;Oacgif;cefU yrmP&SdwJhae&mwGif puKyom'

tMunfkyfuav; ( sensor)&Sdavonf/ tqif;lygHkrsdK;pHk&JU vma&mufNyD; t&dyfxif&mae&mjzpf rSeftMunf
[k wifpm;ac:a0:avh&Sdygonf/ tqif;tmHkwckcu
k puKyom'tMunfkyfudk vmwdkufvdkufonfESifh
t&yfpum;eJUajymvsif lygHkwpfckckudk MunfhrdvdkufonfESifh jrifodpdwfqdkwmav;jzpfay:vmygonf/
xdkjrifodpdwfudk trnfay;aomtcg puKyom'udkrSDNyD; jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh (puK0dnmOfpdwf)[kay;xm;
ygonf/ b,ft&m0wKudkyJMunfhvkdufMunfhvkduf jrifodpdwfjzpfaeonfomjzpfonf/ odkY &mwGif
ESvHk;oGif;jcif;r&Sdygu pdwft&mrajrmufay/
MunfhaeayrJhvnf; pdwfu wjcm;a&mufaeygu em&Daygif;rsm;pGm MumayrJh a&SUrSm
bmjzpfaeonfudk rjrifEdkifay/ um;pD;vm&if; tawG;rsm;u wjcm;a&mufaeygu bmrQowdrxm;rdyJ
udk,fhtdrfudk ukd,fjyefa&mufrSyJ owd0ifrdaom tjzpfrsdK;yifjzpfygonf/ MunfhayrJh rjrif qdkwm&Sdw,fudk
oufaojyaeygw,f/ jrwfAk'uawmh 'Dae&mrSm owdav;uyfNyD;awmh ]]vuf&Sd}} tajctae (ypKyef)rSm
aezkdUudk qHk;rxm;onf/ tb,fhaMumifh qdkqHk;rxm;onfudk tm[m&ypnf;wGif &Sif;vif;wifjy
xm;ygonf/
arwm&Sif(a&Tjynfom)q&mawmf\ r*fwm; zdkvfwm; tE&m,frsm; w&m;awmf pmrsufESm 124 ) udk rSDjirf;ygonf/
(c) Mum;odpdwf
em;twGif; vufpGyfuGif;o@efae&mav; aomwyom'tMunfkyfuav; ( sensor)&Sdygonf/ t

oH tmHkwpfckcku aomwyom'tMunfkyfudk vmwdkufvdkufonfESifh (toHudkMum;vdkufonfESifh) ESvHk;oGif;
rd ygu Mum;odpdwfuav;jzpfoGm;ygonf/ aomwyom'kyfudkrDSNyD; jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifhaomw0dnmOfpdwf
[kac:ygonf/toHMum;wdkif; Mum;odpdwf (aomw0dnmOfpdwf) uav;jzpfvmonf/
Page29of121
NOTES:
(*) eHodpdwf
teHUwpfckcku Cmeyom'kyfuav; ( sensor)udk vmwdkufvkdufonfESifh (teHUudk &lrdvdkufonfESifh)

ESvHk;oGif; rd ygu eHopd dwf uav; jzpfoGm;ygonf/ eHodpdwfuav;[m Cmeyom'kyu
f dk rSDNyD;rS jzpf&onfh
twGufaMumifh eHodpdwf (Cme0dnmOf)qdkaom trnfudk&ygonf/
(C) &ompdwf (pm;odpdwf)
vQm\tv,f Mum&Gufzsm;o@ef&SdwJh ae&mwGif Zd0Smyom'kyf ( sensor)wnf&Sdygonf/ &omHk

wpfckcku vmwdkufvkdufonfESifh (pm;p&mwpfckckudk pm;vdkufonfESifh) ESvHk;oGif; rd ygu pm;odpdwfuav;
jzpfoGm;onf/ xdkpm;odpdwf uav;onf Zd0Smyom'kyfudkrSDNyD; jzpf&onfhtwGufaMumifh &ompdwf
(Zd0Sm0dnmOf) qdkaom trnfudk &ygonf/
arwm&Sif(a&Tjynfom)q&mawmf\ r*fwm; zdkvfwm; tE&m,frsm; w&m;awmf pmrsufESm 125 ) udk rSDjirf;ygonf
(i) tawGUtxdpdwf
qHyif? arG;nif; ? ajconf; ? vufonf; ? tom;rmwdkUuvGJ tyfeJUxdk;vkdufvsif emwwfwJhae&m

wpfudk,fvHk;wGif um,yom'kyf( sensor) wnf&Sdygonf/ tawGUtxd[kac:aom azm|AmHkwpfckcku
Page30of121
NOTES:
um,yom'udk vmwdkufvdkufonfESifh (t&m0wKwpfckckudk xdrd ? udkifrd ? ayGUzufrdvkdufonfESifh) ESvHk;oGif;
rd ygu xdodpdwfuav;jzpfoGm;ygonf/ xdkxdodpdwfuav;[m um,yom'kyfudkrSDNyD; jzpf&onfh
twGufaMumifh tawGUtxdpw
d f (um,0dnmOfpdwf) qdkwJh trnfudk &&Sdygonf/
arwm&Sif(a&Tjynfom)q&mawmf\ r*fwm; zdkvfwm; tE&m,frsm; w&m;awmf pmrsufESm 125-126 ) udk rSDjirf;ygonf
(p) awG;BuHodpdwf
pdwful;BuHpnf odvdkuf&wJh tmHkawGonf "rmHkawGcsnf;jzpfayonf/ xkdUaMumifh pdwful;

ay:vmwJh tqif;? toH? teHU? t&om? tawGUtxdawG[m "rmHkxJusawmh jyefygvm&jcif;jzpfygonf/
raemtMunf"gwfuav;udk "rmHku vmwdkufwJhtcg awG;BuHodpdwfjzpfoGm;ygonf/ xkdpdwfuav;
[m raemtMunf"gwfudk rSD jzpf&onfhtwGufaMumifh awG;BuHodpdwf (raem0dnmOfpdwf)qdkaom trnfudk
&ygonf/
arwm&Sif(a&Tjynfom)q&mawmf\ r*fwm; zdkvfwm; tE&m,frsm; w&m;awmf pmrsufESm 126 ) udk rSDjirf;ygonf
Page31of121
NOTES:
jrifodpdwfjzpf&ef t*Fgav;wef
(Mum;odpdwf? eHodpdwf? pm;odpdwf? tawGUtxdpdwf? awG;BuHodpdwf
wdkYonfvnf;oabmtwdkif;yifjzpf\/)
puK0dnmOf jrifodpdwfav;wpfckjzpfzdkU&ef t*Fgav;csuf vkdtyfygonf/
(1) puKyom'qkdaom tMunfkyfvnf; &Sd&rnf /
(2) tavmu[kac:aom (tydwftyiftumtuG,f)uvJ vGwfuif;&rnf/ ae&mwGif wpfcsdKUu
tvif;a&mifvkdU ajymqkdMuygonf/ okdU&mwGif tvif;a&mif aumif;aumif;&onfh aeUcif;tcsdefwGifyif
Munfhaeonfhol\a&SU oHk;xyfom;opfjym;BuD;udk umvkdufr,fqkdvQif a&SUu jrifaeus t&m0wKawG
jrif&awmhrnfr[kwfacs/ xkdUaMumifh tavmuqdkwJhae&mrSm tumtuG,fudkyJ ,l&wmjzpfonf/
ESpfrsdK;,lvQif ydkjynfhpHkoGm;ygonf/
(3) lygHkqdkonfh jrifp&mtqif;kyf vJ &Sdaeygrnf/
(4) reodum&vkdUac:wJh ESvHk;oGif;jcif;vnf; &Sd&ygrnf/

av;csufeJUnDrSom jrifodpdwf jzpf&ygrnf/ ,cifu xifcJhonfh igMunfhcsifpdwf&SdvdkU Munfhvkduf
wmeJU jrifodpdwfjzpfvmwmyJqdkonfht,ltqonf trSm;jzpf twt,l0g' jzpfygonf/ tewt,l0g'
twkdif; 'Dt*Fgav;csufESifhnD&if jrifodpdwfjzpfrnf/ xkdt*Fgav;csufxJu wpfcsufcsufcsdKU,Gif;onfESifh
jrifodpdwfu rjzpfEkdifawmhyg/ vufawGU &Sif;vif;atmif quf&Sif;jyygrnf/
Oyrm(1)
lygHk[kac:onfh tqif;kyfvJ&Sdrnf/ tavmuqkdaom tydwftyiftumtuG,frSvJ
vGwfaernf/ reodum&pdwfuvnf; ESvHk;oGif;aernf/ odkU&mwGif puKyom'rsufaphtMunfkyfu ysufpD;
aeygu rnfonfh jrifodpdwfjzpfEkdifygrnfenf;/ puKyom'tMunfkyfqdkwJh t*Fgwpfck ysufoGm;onfESifh
useft*FgawG rnfodkUaumif;aumif;jrifpdwfrjzpfEdkifawmhyg/
Oyrm(2)
xdkenf;wlyJ puKyom'? lygHk?? reodum& oHk;csufuawmh jynfhpHkyg\/
tavmu[kac:wJh tumtuG,fuif;jcif;t*Fg r&Sdjyefvsifvnf; jrifodpdwf[m rjzpfawmhjyefyg/
Page32of121
NOTES:
Oyrm(3)
puKyom' (rsufaphtMunfkyf) ? lygHk (tqif;kyf) ? tavmu ( tumtuG,fuif;jcif; )
qdkwJh t*FgoHk;csufuawmh nDyg\/ odkU&mwGif ESvHk;oGif;jcif;qdkaom reodum& r&Sd&if jrifodpdwfrjzpfyg/
tawG;vGefbl;olrsm; vufawGUjzpfbl;ygvdrfhrnf/ tdrftay:xyf 0&HwmrSmxdkif vrf;bufodkU Munfhawmh
Munfhaeojzifh puKyom'vJ&Sdw,f/ Munfhp&mtqif;lygHkvnf;&Sdyg\/ tmavmu&Sd\/ odkU&mwGif xkdvlrSm
jrifodpdwfrjzpfyg/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf jrif&orQawGudk pdwfuvHk;vHk; ESvHk;roGif; jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh toufvdyfjym? ig olwpfyg;[l r&dSacs/ pdwo

f nf jzpfNyD;ysuf\/ igpGJ olpGJ 0dnmOfaumif
&dSonf[laom pGJwJhtw'd|daMumifh avmb? a'go? arm[awG rxdef;EdkifbJ oHo&mvnfaeMu&jcif;jzpfw,f/
pdwfonf tmkHESihfqkHrS ay:vm\/ tmkH(6)yg;uvnf; w&pyf&dSaeawmh pdwfuvnf; w&pyf

jzpfae\/ vufwpfzspfwGif pdwfaygif; uka#wpfodef;jzpfaeojzifh wpfqufwnf; jrifae? Mum;aeonf[k
xif&\/
kyf&SifzvifuGufrsm;&dS kyfaorsm;udk wpfpuefYwGif tuGufaygif;(24)uGufEIef;jzifh rD;xdk;xm;aom
rSefbDvl;a&SUudk jzwfapvsif tkyfrsm;&Sifvmovdk jzpfvmaom kyf&Sifjzpfaeonhf oabmw&m;twdkif;yif
jzpf\/ wpfpuefYwGif (24)uGufajymif;ygu wpfqufwnf;jzpfaecJhvsif wpfpuefY uka#wpfodef;cefY
jzpfay:aeaomtmkHrsm;udkvnf; wpfckwnf;[k jrifMu\/
xdkYtwlyif rdrdtdrfwGifxGef;xm;aom AC vQyfppfrD;onf wpfpuefYwGif tzGifhtydwftBudrf(50)EIef;

(vQyfppftac: frequency 50 Hertz) jzpfaeojzifh rD;wpfqufwnf;vmaeonf[k xif&\/
Page33of121
NOTES:
pdwftrsKd;tpm;rsm;
(rnfonfhpdwftrsKd;tpm;yif jzpfygap/ a&SUazmfjycJhNyD;aom tcsufav;csufrjynfhpkHvQifawmh rnfonhfpdwfrS
rjzpfay:onfudk owdcsyfyg/)
(1) aocgeD;jzpfaompkwdpdwf?
(2) b0tpjzpfaom y#doaEpdwf
(3) b0wpfavQmufvkH; tmkHESifhrqkH tusKd;0dygufpdwfjzpfraevsif (Oyrm-tdyfaevsif)jzpfaom
b0ifpdwf
(4) tmkH(6)yg;udkrSD Edkf;Edk;Mum;Mum;tcsdefwGifjzpfaeaom tusKd;0dygufpdwfrsm;[l&dS\/
1
pkwdpdwf
(1) vuf&Sdb0\ aemufqHk;pdwfjzpfonf
(2) aocgeD;umv uH ? uredrdwf ? *wdedrdwf tmHkwpfckck0ifvmNyD; ukodkvfpdwf (aZm)
tukodkvfpdwf(aZm)rsm;jzpfNyD; ]]pkwd}} pdwfjzpfay:vm\/
(aocgeD;a&S;jzpfrnfhb0udk taxmuftuljyKonfh taMumif;jycsufrsm;udk teE&ypnf;wGif Iyg/)
y#doaEpdwf
b0\ yxrOD;qkH;pdwf jzpf\/ ,cifb0 csKyfNidrf;cgeD; aumif;aomtmkHwpfckckjzifh ukodkvfpdwf
(ukodkvfaZm)rsm;jzpfvsif vlb0? ewfb0 tp&do
S nfjzifhaumif;aom ok*wdbkH y#doaEwnf&\/
tukodkvfpdwf (tukodkvfaZm)jzpfygu tyg,fbkH? NydwmbkH y#doaEwnf&\/ aoaygufao0 ]]aZm}}
ta&;BuD;ykHudk teE&ypnf;wGif avYvmEdkifygonf/
b0ul;yHk (pkwdpdwfESifh y#doaEpdwf)
(b0ul;yHkudk rdk;ukwfausmif;wdkufrS t&SifaCmwduu bPf aiGvTJyHkESifh OyrmjyKxm;onf/)

&efukefbPfcGJwpfckrS rEav;bPfcGJ wpfckodkU aiGv&TJ mpuefUydkif;twGif; a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;udpwpfckudk
avhvmMunfhyg/ &efukefrS vTJvkdufaom aiGom;rsm; rEav;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;vnf;r[kwf/ &efukefrS
vTJvdkufaomaiGrsm;ESifhrEav;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;aom aiGrsm;qufpyfoufqkdifjcif;r&Sdyg[kvnf; qdkr&acs/
&efukefrS vTJvdkufaom aiGwefzdk; (*kPfowd) a&mufoGm;jcif;omjzpf\/ xkdoabmudk em;vnfygu
uREkfyfwdkUudk 'kutay;qHk;,HkMunfcsufjzpfonfh 0dnmOfaumif;av;onf rdrdcEmrSxGuf wjcm;trd0rf;wGif;
vkduf&Sm0ifa&mufjcif;r[kwfyJ rdrdESifhygoGm;onfh ukodkvf? tukodkvfay:rlwnfNyD;b0rS pkawNyD;
csufcsif;BuD; rdrdESifh xdkufwefonfh ae&m y#doaEwnf &jcif;udk pwifem;vnfEkdifayonf/
b0rS pkawNyD; aemifb0y#doaEwnf&mwGif oabmOyrmukdI vG,fulpGmem;vnfEkdifayonf/

cEmudk,fxJrS 0dnmOfav;xGufoGm;NyD; [dkb0twGuf rdcif0rf;xJudk pGyfceJ0ifoGm;jcif;
r[kwfonfudk ,ckacwf eD;eD;pyfpyf &Sdaeonfh Oyrmrsm;t&yif odom&ayonf/
Page34of121
NOTES:
3
b0ifpdwf
1/ y#doaEpdwfcsKyfNidrf;NyD;vQif b0ifpdwfonf wpfpdwfwnf;jzpfay:\/ 'kwd,ajrmufpdwfjzpf\/
2/ b0udkapmifha&Smufaom pdwfjzpf\/
3/ y#doaEpdwfu pGJ,lcJhonfh ,cifb0aocgeD;tmHkudkpGJ,l jzpfay:\/
4/ ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuftdyfarmuscsdef ? arhajrmaecsdefrsm;wGif b0ifpd wfonf woGifoGifpD;aeaom
jrpfa&tvsOfyrm Nidrfoufat;aq;pGm wpfckNyD;wpfck qufwpfqufwnf;jzpfay:\/
ae&mwGif tDvufxa&mepfynm&yfwGif tokH;jyKaom
EIdif;,SOfjcif;tm;jzifh b0ifpdwfudk ydkrdkem;vnfEdkifayonf/
Clock Signal
ac: vQyfppfb0ifESifh
vQyfppfb0if
Oyrm(1) uGefysLwm ydwfxm;aomfvnf; tajccHvdktyfaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;&ef
qufvufvkyfudkif&eftwGuf tDvufxa&mepfynm&yfwGif Clock [kac:aom vQyfppfb0if
touf oGif;&\/ okdUjzpfom uGefysLwmjyefzGifhcsdefwGif &ufpGJrSefjyaejcif; rsdK; jzpfonf/
(2) rD;t&ifzGifhxm;NyD; xdkrD;rS&&Sdaom vQyfppf"gwfu tmHkcHpepf ( Sensor)udk Clock ac:
TV wGif toufoGif;xm; \/ odkY jzpfom oif\kyfjrifoHMum; &Drkwf Remote ESdyfvkdufonfESifh
TV rS owdjyKrdNyD; cvkwfzGifhay;jcif;jzpf\/
vlYb0ifpdwfonfvnf; oabmtwdkif;yifjzpf\/
t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&) \ xl;rSxl; w&m;awmfrS b0iftaMumif; aumufeSwfcsufudkatmufwGifqufvufazmfNytyfygonf/
yd#uwfpmayrSmygwJh b0ifqdkwmu b0if = b0 + t*F/ b0qdkwmu b0? t*Fqdkwmu

tpdwftydkif;/ b0eJY t*FESpfyk'faygif;vdkufawmh b0+t*F = b0if* = b0ifqdkNyD;awmhjzpfoGm;wm/ b0&JU
tpdwftydkif;/ jrefrmpum; t&yfxJrSmokH;wJh b0ifudkajymwm awmhr[kwfbl;/
b0wpfck aoqkH;roGm;vJ touf&Sif&yfwnfaeatmif tpdwftydkif;wpfcktaeeJY qufpyfay;aewJh
pdwfuav;udk b0ifpdwfvdakY c:ygw,f/ 'Dawmh ntdyfaewJhtcsdefrSm jzpfaewJhpdwf[m b0ifpdwfyg/ tJ'D
b0ifpdwfuav;om r&Sdbl;qdk&if a,m*DwdkYaoNyD/
tajymif;tvJjrefvGef;vdkY udk,furodvdkufwmyg/ tqif;awG jrif&wJhtcsdef? toHawG Mum;aewJh
tcsdef? teHYawG eHaewJhtcsdef? t&omawG pm;aewJhtcsdef? tawGYawG xdaewJhtcsdef? tawG;awG odaewJh
tcsdef? tcsdefwdkif; tcsdefwdkif;rSm b0ifpdwfawGu cPcP jzpfaeygw,f/ tjzpftysuf jrefvGef;vdkY rodMu
wmyg/ tdyfaysmfaecsdefrSmrS b0ifpdwfjzpfwm r[kwfbl;/ Edk;aewJhtcsdefawGrSmvnf; b0ifpdwf tBudrfaygif;
rsm;pGm jzpfaewmyJ/
Page35of121
NOTES:
tJ'Db0ifpdwfu bmudk tmkHjyKaeovJqdk&if t&ifb0&JU aocgeD; aemufqkH;pdwfjzpfwJh pkwdpdwfus
NyD;NyD;csif;jzpfwJh 'Db0y#doaEpdwfu,lwJh uH? uredrdwf? *wdedrdwf tmkHokH;yg;xJu wpfckckudk tmkHjyKae
ygw,f/ 'Db0 pjzpfjzpfcsif;pdwf? 'Db0&JU yxrqkH;pdwf tmkHjyKcJhwJh tmkHudk jyef,laewmaemf/
udk,ftdyfaewJhtcsdefrSm jzpfaewJh b0ifpdwfu bmudktmkHjyKaeovJqdk&if trd0rf;xJpa&muf?
y#doaEaepOfwkef;u y#doaEpdwfu ,lcJhwJhtmkHudkyJ tmkHjyKaeygw,f/
txifavmufeJY b0ifarmufraeygeJY
t&yfxJrSmokH;wJh b0ifjrifhw,f b0ifedrfhw,f qdkvdkYvnf; OD;Zif;wkdY yd#uwfpmayrSmokH;wJh
b0ifawmh r[kwfbl;/ jrefrmpum; t&yfxJrSmokH;wJh b0ifudkajymwm/
rmeudk &nfTef;wJh b0ifjzpfygw,f/ t&yfxJrSm ajymMuwJh b0ifaygh/ owdy|mef0dyemav;eJY
IrSwfNyD;awmh ESdrfhcsypfvdkY &ygw,f/ rmepdwfay:vmw,fqdk&if b,fvdkIrwkH;/ tJ'Drmepdwfuav;udkyJ
pl;pdkufNyD; I&rSmyJ/ pum;vkH;taeeJY b,fvdkI&rvJ pOf;pm;raeygeJY/ pOf;pm;ae&if b,fvdk&I&rSef;rodbl;
jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f/
b0ifjrifhwJhpdwf ay:vm&if b0ifjrifhw,f? b0ifjrifhw,fvdkY t&Sdtwdkif; dk;dk;&Sif;&Sif;av; rSwfvdkuf
kHygyJ/ owdy|mef0dyemavmufvG,fwm r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/ rvkyfMuvdkYom/
tJ'Dvdk udk,fhrSmjzpfaewJh rmepdwfuav;udk csufcsif;IypfvdkufvdkY&Sd&if rmepdwf&JU oabmobm0udk
odvmNyD; wjznf;jznf;eJY rmet&Sdef avsmhavsmhoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ aemufqkH;awmh jzpfaewJhrme aysmufoGm;rSm
ygyJ/
rmeaysmufjcif;qdkwJhtusKd;u 'kwd,tqihfyJ&Sdw,f/ yxrtqifh ta&;BuD;wmu tJ'Drme&JU
oabmobm0udk odzdkYygyJ/
]rmepdwf[m b,fvdkoabm&dSovJ? rmepdwfqdkwm b,fvdkjzpfaewmvJ? rmepdwfav;&JU tjcif;
t&mav;u b,fvdkvJ? b,fvdkav; jzpfaewmudk rmevdkY ac:wmvJ} vdkY pdwf0ifwpm;eJY rme&JU oabmav;
udk pl;pdkufMunfhwmudkyJ rmejzpf&if ]rmejzpfw,f}vdkY rSwfvdkY ajymwmyg/ tJ'Dvdk oabmodatmif pl;pdkufMunfh
&if; rSwfae&if rme&JU oabmobm0udk vuf0g;ay: wifMunfhovdk jrifvmygvdrfhr,f/
b,fudavomyJjzpfjzpfaygh/ y,fw,fqdkwJhae&mrSm tJ'Dudavom&JU tjypfudk qifjcifjcif;tm;jzifh
vnf; y,fvdkY&ygw,f/ tJ'Dudavomudk wdkufdkufowdy|mef0dyem IrSwfjcif;tm;jzifhvnf; y,fvdkY
&ygw,f/
ypnf;Opmudk taMumif;jyKNyD;awmh rmejzpfaew,fqdk&ifU U U U pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufaemf/ jrefrmEdkifiHol
EdkifiHom;awG oef;aygif;ajcmfq,feD;yg; &SdrSmaygh/ tJ'D oef;aygif;ajcmufq,fudk tcrJh wpf&ufauR;zdkYawmif
rvG,fbl;/ tJ'DavmufawmifrS rcsrf;omao;bJeJY bmvdkYrsm; rmeBuD;OD;rSmvJ/ wpfurmvkH;rSm&SdwJh vlawGudk
auR;EkdifNyDvm;/ auR;EdkifNyDqdk&if vufawGYvkyfyg/
ypnf;Opmudk taMumif;jyKNyD;awmh rmeBuD;r,fBuH&if wpfurmvkH;udk tcrJhauR;Edkifavmufatmif
ighrSmjynfhpkHNyDvm;/ rjynfhpkHao;bl;/ 'gqdk&if bmjzpfvkYd rmeBuD;aeOD;rSmvJ/ udk,fhrSm&SdwmawGudk awG;Munfh/
Page36of121
NOTES:
&Sufp&mBuD;/ wpfurmvkH;qdkwm tomxm;vdkufygOD;/ udk,fhaqGrsKd;av; wpfckudkyJ csrf;omatmif vkyfay;Ekdif
NyDvm;/ udk,fh&Sdwmav;udk t[kwfxifNyD; rmeBuD;raeygeJY/
"udk,fhxufomwJhol qdkwmu tNrJwrf; r&Sdbl;vm;/"
.........................................
4
tusdK;0dygufpdwf
1/
uREkfyfwdkUEkd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&SdcsdefwGif tmHk 6 yg;rS wpfyg;yg;udk rSD jzpfay:vmaom pdwf
jzpfonf/ ukodkvfpdwf? tukodkvfpdwfwdkUonf tusdK;0dyguffpdwfrsm;jzpf\/ b0ifpdwfudk
vIyfoGm;apaom pdwfjzpf\/ (tusKd;0dyguf)pdwfonf tmHkrygbJ rnfonfhtcgrQ
rjzpfacs/
2/
bk&m; ? &[EmwdkU\ oEmefwGirf l ukodkvfvnf;r[kwf ? tukokdvfvnf;r[kwfaom
Bud,mpdwf (jyKumrQpdwf) omjzpfay:\/
tusdK;0dayguf
(1)
(2)
(3)
Page37of121
pdwf (3) rsdK;

ukodkvfpdwf (aumif;aompdwf)
tukodkvfpdwf (raumif;aompdwf)
tAsmuwpdwf (tv,ftvwfpdwf ? aumif;raumif; rqdktyfonfhpdwf)
NOTES:
2/ apwoduf
apwoduf
MunfvifaewJh pdwfav;udk ta&mifqkd;wm apwoduf jzpfonf/ Identifying the mind /
pdwfonfukodkvfvnf; r[kwf? tukokdvfvnf;r[kwfao;bJ oleJUtwljzpfwJh apwoduf&JU cs,fvS,fcH&rS
obm0ajymif;&jcif; jzpfonf/
apwodufqdkonfrSm pdwfudkrDSNyD; jzpfjcif;jzpf\/ vleJUt&dyf cJGvdkUr&ouJhodkU pdwfeJU apwoduf
onfvnf; cGJr&Ekdifyg/ apwodufonf
pdwfESifhtwljzpfygonf/
pdwfESifhtwlcsKyfygonf/
pdwfeJUtwltmHkjyKygonf/
pdwfrSD&m0wKudk vdkufrSDygonf/
xdkUaMumifh pdwfudkrSDwG,f ? pdwfudkcs,fvS,f? rSwfzG,f apwoduf[k qdkMu\/
apwoduft&mifqdk;cH&NyD;vsif pdwf(3)rsKd;jzpfoGm;Ekdifygonf/
(1) aumif;aom apwoduf ta&mifqdk;cH&vsif ukodkvfpdwfjzpfjcif;?
(2) raumif;aom apwodufta&mifqdk;cH&vsif tukodkvfpdwf?
(3) ukokdvfpdwfvnf;r[kwf? tukodkvfpdwf vnf;r[kwf 0dygufud&d,mqdkwJh tAsmuwpdwf/
bk&m;&[EmwdkY\pdwfwGif ]] jyKumrQ }}omjzpfaom ]Bud,mpdwf}} onf tAsmuwpdwfjzpf\/
] uRefyfwdkY tdyfarmusaepOfwGif ukodkvfvnf;rjzpf? tukodkvfvnf; rjzpfaom b0ifpdwfonf vnf;
tAsmuwpdwfyifjzpf\/
pdwfudkMunfvifaewJh a&wcGufeJU EIdif;,SOfygu
ta&mifqdk;cH&aom a&cGufonf apwoduf cs,fvS,fcH&NyD;jzpfonfh

ukokdvf (okdUr[kwf) tukodkvfpdwfomjzpf\/ bk&m;&[EmwkdU\
oEmefwGifawmh ukodkvfvnf;rjzpf? tukokdvfvnf;rjzpfawmh
tAsmuwpdwfjzpfygonf/
Page38of121
NOTES:
pdwfudk tukodkvfta&mifqdk;cH&atmifu ]]owd}} qdkaom ukodkvf
apwodufeJU 0ifxdef;ay;vkdufvsif tukokdvfapwodufrsm;
r0ifEdkifawmhyg/ a'gojzpfrSef; owdxm;vkdufonfESifh a'goaysmuf
oGm;rSqufNyD; tukodkvfrjzpfawmhyg/ owdy|mef&JUtajccHtcsufyg/
apwodufonf pdwfuJhodkUyif w&m;awG[mvJyJ tmHkrygbJeJU

b,fawmhrS rjzpfEkdifyg/ xkdemrfw&m; ? kyfw&m;wdkUonf
uREkfyfwdkU\ oEmef ysufvdkuf? topfjzpfvdkufESifh cPwkdif;
r&yfem;jzpfysufaeMu\/
bk&m;tqlqlwkdU a[mMum;cJhonfh tESpfw&m;rSm raumif;rIa&Smif ?

aumif;rIaqmif ? jzLatmifpdwfudkxm;a&;yif jzpfonf/
apwoduf 52 yg;
1/
pdwfjzpfwdkif;yg0ifaomaMumifh apwoduf 7 yg;

(1)
z
=
awGUxdjcif; /
(2)
a0'em
=
cHpm;jcif; /
(3)
onm
=
rSwfom;jcif; /
(4)
apwem
=
Ekd;aqmfwdkufwGef;jcif; /
(5)
{u*wm
=
wnfMunfjcif;
(6)
ZD0dwdaÈ
=
apmifha&Smufjcif; ? tpdk;&jcif; /
(7)
reodum&
=
ESvHk;oGif;jcif; /
2/
aumif;aom ukodkvfapwoduf
apwoduf 6 yg;
(1)
0dwu
=
(2)
0dpm&
=
(3)
t"darmu
=
(4)
0D&d,
=
(5)
yDwd
=
(6)
qE
=
Page39of121
jzpfEdkifovdk? raumif;aom tukodkvf apwodufjzpfEdkifaom

BuHpnfjcif; /
txyfxyfoHk;oyfjcif; /
qHk;jzwfjcif; /
tm;xkwfjcif; /
ESpfoufoabmusjcif; /
jyKvkdjcif; ? &vkdjcif; /
NOTES:
3/
4/
Page40of121
ukodkvf apwoduf 25 yg;

(1)
o'g
(2)
owd
(3)
[d&D
(4)
Mowy
(5)
tavmb
(6)
ta'go
(7)
wMwrZswwm
(8)
um,y'd
(9)
pdwy'd
(10) um,v[kwm
(11) pdwv[kwm
(12) um,rk'kwm
(13) pdwrk'kwm
(14) um,urnwm
(15) pdwurnwm
(16) um,yg*knwm
(17) pdwyg*knwm
(18) um,k*kuwm
(19) pdwKZkuwm
(20) orm0gpm
(21) ormurE
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(22)
ormtmZD0
(23)
(24)
(25)
ukPm
rk'dwm
yndaÈ (ynm)
=
=
=
tukodkvfapwoduf
(1)
arm[
(2)
t[d&du
(3)
taemwy
(4)
O'p
(5)
avmb
(6)
'd|d
(7)
rme
(8)
a'go
,HkMunfjcif; /
atmufarhtrSwf&jcif; /
&Sufjcif; /
aMumufvefUjcif; /
rvdkcsifjcif; /
rMurf;wrf;jcif; /
apwodufwdkUudk tnDtrQxm;jcif; /
apwodufNidrf;csrf;jcif; /
pdwfNidrf;csrf;jcif; /
apwodufayghyg;jcif; /
pdwfayghyg;jcif; /
apwodufEl;nHhjcif; /
pdwfEl;nHhjcif; /
apwoduf\cHhnm;jcif; /
pdwf\ cHhjcif; /
apwodufwdkU usef;rmjcif;/
pdwfusef;rmjcif; /
apwodufajzmifhrwfjcif; /
pdwfajzmifhrwfjcif; /
toufarG;rIrygbJ 0pD'kpdkuf 4 yg;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;
toufarG;rIrygbJ um,'kpdkuf 3 yg; rS
a&SmifMuOfjcif;/
toufarG;rItwGuf 0pD'kpdkuf (4)yg;?
um,'kpdkuf (3)yg;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif; /
qif;&J'kua&mufolrsm;udk u,fwifulnDvkdjcif; /
csrf;omolrsm;udk jrif& Mum;&aomtcg 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
aumif;rI ? raumif;rIudk trSeftwdkif; cGJjcm;
odjrifjcif;jzpfonf/
14 yg;
=
rodwwfjcif; /
=
r&Sufjcif; /
=
raMumufvefUjcif; /
=
pdwfysHUvGifhjcif; /
=
vkdcsifwyfrufjcif; /
=
rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;odjrifjcif; /
=
axmifvTm;jcif; /
=
Murf;wrf;jcif; /
NOTES:
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
m
rp&d,
ukuKp
xde
rd'
0dpdudpm
=
=
=
=
=
=
jiLpljcif; ? remvdkjcif; /
olwyg;tm; r&apvkd0efwdkjcif; /
aemifwzef ylyefjcif;/
xHkxkdif;jcif; /
rIHrIdif;jcif; /
,HkrSm;jcif;
owdr&dSaomolonf ylavmifrIudk wm&Snfvuf cH xm;\/ owd &dSaomvlrSm udavomtyludk

csufcsif;od\/ odwJhtxJ Pfygae taMumif;tusKd;udk ydkif;ydkif;jcm;jcm;od\/
(q&mawmfO;D aZmwdu(r[mNrdKifawm&)\ taysmfq;Hk vl pm-88)
tukodkvfapwoduf 14 yg; wdkUudk trnfemrwyfNyD; ( By Name) odrSom if;wdkU

0ifvmonfESifh ydk vsifjrefpGm owdxm;rdayrnf / vsifjrefpGmarmif;xkwfEdkifayrnf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh owdqdkaom tapmifha&Smufu emrnfysufvlqdk; (14)OD;udk BudKwifod&Sdxm;NyD;rSom
if;wdkU0ifa&mufu csufcsif;owdjyKEdkifayrnf/
xkdtukodkvf (14)rsdK;onf udavom (14)rsdK; ESifhtwlwlyifjzpfonf/ xkdtukokdvf apwoduf (14)rsdK;

cs,fvS,fjcif;rS vGwfuif;awmfrlaom jrwfAk'jrwfpGmbk&m;\ udavomuif;pifjcif;qkdif&m *kPfawmf
udk &GwfqdkMunfndKjcif;jzifh rdrd\ pdwfwGif xdkudavomrsm; rSwfrdvmrnfhtjyif cs,fvS,fcH&jcif;
uif;pifaprnfjzpf\/ &nf&G,fcsufjzifh aus;Zl;&Sif t&SifqEm"du\ rdwLqGJjcif;w&m;awmfwGif jrwfAk'\
aumif;jcif;qkdif&m taiGUtoufrsm;? rdwLrsm;uJhodkU rdrdaumif;jcif; ul;yGm;vmEdkifaMumif;? aumif;usdK;ESifh
udavomapwodufqdkf; (14)rsdK;udk trnfemrjzifhod&Sdjcif; tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk &&SdEkdifaMumif; azmfjyxm;
ayonf/
t&[H*kPf awmf
(u)t&[H udavomuif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m; (udavom 14 yg;)
pdwf tylavmif rSeforQ uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwf tnpftaMu; rSeforQ uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwf taemuftusd rSeforQ uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwf tIyftaxG; rSeforQ uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
udavomwdkUjrLrIHav;rQyif rwG,fuyfEkdifaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(c)t &[H qdwfuG,fcJh&mt&yfyif raumif;rIudkjyKawmfrrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(*)t& [H vlrif; ? ewfrif; ? jA[mrif;ESifh vl ewf jA[m ow0gtm;vHk;wdkU\ ylaZmfrItxl;udk cH,lawmfrl
xdkufaom Ak' jrwfpGmbk&m;
Page41of121
NOTES:
(1)
avmbudavom (avmbpdwf) uif;pif awmfrlaom jrwf pGmbk&m;

vkdcsifrItm;vkH; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
wyfrufrItm;vkH; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
om,mrItm;vkH; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
NidwG,frItm;vkH; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
oHa,mZOftm;vkH; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(2)
a'goudavom (a'gopdwf) uif;pifawmf rlaom jrwfpG mbk&m;

pdwfqdk;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfysufjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfnpfjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfaumufjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfwdkjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
&efNidK;zGJUjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
uvJhpm;acsjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
0rf;enf;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
ylaqG;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
vGrf;qGwfjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
ylyefjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(3)
arm[udavom uif;pifawmf rlaom jrwfpG mbk&m;

trSefudk trSefwdkif; odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
trSm;udk trSm;wdkif; odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
rnfonfurSefonf ? rnfonfu trSm;udk t<uif;rJh odjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(4)
rmeudavom uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

rme uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
b0ifjrifhjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
axmifvTm;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
armufrmjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(5)
'd|d udavom uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

t,ltqvGJrSm;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(6)
0dpd udpm udavom uif;pif awmfrl aom jrwfpGmbk&m;

,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
rqHk;jzwfEkdifyJjzpfjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
awGa0jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
Page42of121
NOTES:
(7)
xde udavom uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

xkdif;rIdif;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
av;wGJUjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
ysif;&djcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(8)
O'p udavom uif;pifawmf rlaom jrwfpG mbk&m;

pdwfysHUvGifhjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfrwnfNidrfjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfa,muf,ufcwfjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
pdwfrsm;ajy;vTm;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(9)
t[d&du udavom uif;pif awmfrl aom jrwfpGmbk&m;

raumif;rIudkjyKjcif;? ajymjcif;? BuHjcif;udkr&Sufjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
taemwy raumif;rIjyKjcif;? ajymjcif;? BuHjcif;udk raMumufjcif;
uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(10)
(11)
omudavom uif;pifawmf rlaom jrwfpG mbk&m;

olwpfyg;BuD;yGm;jcif;udk rvdkvm;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
olwpfyg;wdk;wufjynfhpHkjcif;udk rvdkvm;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
olwpfyg;BuD;yGm;jcif;udk t<uif;rJh vkdvm;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(12)
rp&d,udavom uif;pifawmf rlaom jrwfpG mbk&m;

rdrdwdk;wufovdk olwpfyg;udk rjzpfapcsifjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
rdrdjynfhpHkovdk olwpfyg;udk rjzpfapjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
rdrdBuD;yGm;ovkd olwpfyg;udk rjzpfapjcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(13)
uk uKpudavom uif;pif awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

raumif;rI rjyKawmfrl aemifwuif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
jyefvnfylyefjcif;[l r&Sdawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
(14)
rd' udavom uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

pdwfrIdif;jcif; uif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
vlpD;wGJudk;wGJu 'd|drSwpfyg; usefudavomrsm; eJUwl ygw,f/ 'd|duawmh rD;&xm;acgif;wGJeJUwlw,f/

tJ'Dvkd avmb ? a'go ? arm[ oHk;ygu tay:,Hav;yg;ydkU&atmif aemufu
BudK;udkifay;aewm olUrSm vlodenf;vSonfh 'd|djzpfaMumif;udk y&rw'DyeD#DumrSm
zGifhjyxm;onf/
(arwm&Sif (a&Tjynfom)\ r*fwm;? zdkvfwm;tE&m,frsm; pm-72-73)
Page43of121
NOTES:
3/ kyf
tyl?tat; paom qefYusifbuftaMumif;wdkYaMumifh ajymif;vJazmufjyefonfh oabmrsm;udk

kyf[kac:onf/ azmufjyefonfqdkonfrmS a&SUkyftpOfESifhrwlaom aemufkyftpOfwpfrsKd; jzpfay:ajymif;vJ
oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkkyfrsm;rSm azmfjycJYonfhtwdkif; (28)yg;&dSonf/ kyfwdkYudk tqkH;xdcGJxkwfvQif aemufqkH;
"mwfoabmwGifomqkH;\/ odyHynmwGif ,cifu tDvufx&Gef? ydkwGef? e,lx&GefwdkYjzifhom urmavmu
BuD;udk zJGUpnf;xm;onf[k,lq&mrS Quantum Physics ay:aygufvmaomtcg pGrf;tiftxkyfuav;rsm;
jzpfonf[k ,lqjyefvmMu\/
jrwfAk'u pMum0VmwpfckvkH;onf atmufyg"mwfBuD;av;yg;jzihf zJGYpnf;xm;aMumif;

vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif; 2500ausmfuwnf;uyif a[mMum;cJY\/
r[mbkwf 4 yg; odkhr[kwf "mwfBuD;av;yg; qdkonfrSm
(1)
yx0D
=
j'yf&Sdjcif;oabm?
(2)
tmayg
=
,dkpD;jcif;oabm? zGYJpnf; jcif;oabm
(3)
0ga,m
=
axmufyHhjcif;? vIyf&Sm; wGef;uefjcif; oabm
(4)
awaZm
=
yljcif; ? at;jcif;oabm?
rwlonfrsm;udk rwlaomtcsKd;rsm;jzifh aygif;pyfygu twGJaygif; toacsF ra&rwGufEdkfifatmif
&ouJhodkY? "mwfBuD;av;yg;udkvnf; tcsKd;trsKd;rsKd;aygif;pyfaomtcg pMum0VmtwGif; uGJjym;aom
kyf0wKrsm;jzpfvmMu\/
rnfonfht&m0wKrqdk cufrmrI"mwftcsKd;? zJGYpnf;rI"mwftcsKd;? &ifhusufrI"mwftcsKd;ESifh vIyf&Sm;
axmufcHrI"mwftcsKd;tay: rlwnf uGJjym;ae&jcif;omjzpf\/
,cka&;aomcJwH? azmifwdef? rif? pm&Guf? ywf0ef;usif&Sd TV? um;? tdrf? opfyif? a&? rD;? ajrBuD;?
av? vl? wd&dpmeftp&dSonfjzifh pMum0Vm&dS t&mtm;vkH; "mwfBuD;av;yg;jzifhom zJGYpnf;xm;
jcif;omjzpf\/
Page44of121
NOTES:
*sKH? a&? qD? oMum;? qm;wdkY a&mxm;jcif;twlwl xnfh0ifonfhtcsKd;tpm;? e,fESyfykHtrsKd;tpm;?

tyl"mwf tat;"mwfay;ykH ponfwdkY uGJjym;ojzifh eHjym;? yvmwm? tDMumauG;? aygifrkefY? cGm;aqmefY
ponfjzifh ykHo@mef t&omuGJjym;ouJhodkYjzpf\/
"mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkYudkrSD 'kwd,tqifhjzifh rSD&mkyf (24)yg;xyfcGJxkwfjy\/

"mwfBuD; av;yg;ac: kyfav;yg;jzifh aygif;ojzifh kyf(28)yg;[k cGJxkwfMuwmjcif; jzpfaomfvnf;?
tajccHrlvblw kyfav;yg; (odkY) "mwfBuD;av;yg;om&dS\/
*wfpfrD; NcpfxJrS t&nfonf taiGYudk zdtm;ay;xm; t&nfjzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/cvkyfESdyfvdkuf

aomf taygufao;uav;rS xGufvmNyD; jyifyavxkzdtm;wGif taiGYjyefNyD; taiGYjzpfoGm;\/ tjyifrSay;
vdkufaom Spark ac: rD;yGifhjzifh rD;awmufavmif\/ [dkufN'dK*siftufwrfESifh umAGeftufwrftcsKd;tpm;
wlaomfvnf;zJGYpnf;rI? cufrmrI? &ifhusufrI? vIyf&mS ;axmufcHrI"mwfrsm; rwlvQifyif taiGYESifht&nf
kyfobm0uGJoGm;&jyefav\/
[dkufN'dK*siftufwrfESifh umAGeftufwrfwdkYudk yg0iftcsKd;pyfykH trsKd;rsKd;onf tyl"mwf? trm"mwfwdkY

aMumifh tdrfokH;*wfpf? um;*wfpf? a&eHqD? "mwfqD? rD;xdk;qD? za,mif;? uw&mkyf0wKtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh wnf&dS\/
aeYpOfokH;aeaom yvyfpwpftrsm;pkrSm xdk[dkuNf 'dK*sifESifh umAGefrsm; a&mpyfxm;aom "mwk
uGefaygif;trsm;pkjzpf\/ &Hzef&Hcg atmufpD*sif? uvdk&if;? qmvfzm? Edkufxdk*sifwdkYESifhaygif;NyD; trsKd;tpm;
rsm;udk wdk;yGm;ap\/
odyHynmESifh4if;\tawG;tac:t,lqrnfodkYyifwdk;wufajymif;vJapumrl jrwfAk'\w&m;awmf udk

ausmfvGefEdkifjcif;r&SdcJUygay/
Page45of121
NOTES:
( 1 ) yx0D (j'yf&Sdjcif;owd? Properties of Solidity / Inertia )
y|mef;tvdkt& tjcm;"mwfBuD;(3)yg;ESifh,SOfvsif ydkxdEdkifawGYEdkifonfh oabmjzpf\/
(q&mBuD;OD;ausmfwGwf\ o'raZmwuy|mef; pm-83)
aq;q&mrsm;okH;aom rmonf? aysmhonf qdkonfrSm rnfrQj'yfyg0ifjcif;ay:rlwnf uGJjym;

oGm;&jcif;jzpf\/
( 2 ) tmayg (,kdpD;jcif;owd? zGYJpnf;jcif;owd? Properties of Liquid )

,dkpD;Edkifjcif;"mwfjzpf\/ jypfcJjcif; (odkY) ap;yspfjcif;ESifh usJjcif;wdkYonf tmayg"mwfyg0ifrIY
tay:rlwnf ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpf\/
( 3 ) 0ga,m (axmufyHhjcif;? vIyf&Sm;jcif;? wGef;uefjcif;owd? Properties of Motion / Expansion etc.)

taiGYoabm? avwdkY\ oabmrsKd;jzpf\/ rD;ykH;ysHrsm;? avblazmif;rsm; tay:odkYwufjcif;?
a&aEG;aiGYokH; rD;&xm;rsm;wGif a&aEG;aiGYokH; bD;rsm;vnfapjcif;wdkYonf 0ga,m"mwfrsm;atmif
zefwD;NyD; vIyf&Sm;apjcif;? yifhwufapjcif;jzpf\/
Page46of121
NOTES:
( 4 ) awaZm (&ifhusufapjcif;? yljcif;? at;jcif;owd? Properties of Heat / Calorific Value)
yljcif;? at;jcif;oabm? tyl"mwfyg0ifrIY? tat;"mwfyg0ifrIYponfwdkYay:wGif rlwnf ypnf;
ykHo@mef? *kPfowdwdkYyg oD;jcm;pDjzpfoGm;\/
o[Zmwt"dym,ft& "mwf(4)yg;wdkYonf wpfckjzpfvsif usefav;ckvnf; jzpf&\/

wpfckwnf;jzpf r&yg/
Page47of121
NOTES:
a[wkypa,m
(tajctjrpfozG,f*kPfowd (odkY) a&aomufjrpfozG,f*kPfowd)
aumufEIwfcsufrsm; / tqHk;trrsm;
rdrdudk,fudk ]]tvSLcHyHk;}} [k oabmxm;yg/....... &NyD;vQif jyefvSLrnfh pdwfarG;yg/
a'gopdwfudkcsufjcif;jrifvkduf vQif igr[kwfwJh a'go[kjrifNyD; a'goESifh igwpfjcm;pDjzpfoGm;r,f/
a'gopdwfudka'gopdwf[lodyg/ olY&JYaumif;wJhtcsufuav;udk jyefawG;yg/
oDvudk rapmifhcsifvJapmifh ? apmifhcsifvnf; apmifh? aemiffrapmifhbJ raeEkdifawmhyg/
pdwfat;csrf;csrf;aecsif&if olrsm;taMumif;udk wwfEkdifoavmuf rajymygeJU
arwm"gwftm;enf;wm a'gow&m;qdkwm vTrf;rdk;aejzpf\/ arwm"gwfawG&atmifvdkU
wjznf;jznf;avhusifh,l&rnfomjzpf\/
bmvdkY avmbqdk;rSef;rodvJ? bmvdkY a'goqdk;rSef;rodwmvJ? bmvdkY arm[qdk;rSef; rodwmvJ?
'Davmufajym&JUom;eJY bmvdkYqdk;rSef; rodMuwmvJqdkawmh arm[BuD;vGef; rsm;vGef;aevdkYyg/
w&m;xdkifzdkYu t"dur[kwfbl;/ w&m;tm;xkwfzdkYu t"du/ oGm;vnf; w&m;eJY? &yfvnf; w&m;eJY?
xdkifvnf; w&m;eJY? avsmif;vnf; w&m;eJY? pm;vnf; w&m;eJY? pGefYvnf; w&m;eJY? a&csKd;vnf; w&m;eYJ?
oGm;wdkufvnf; w&m;eYJ? vkHcsnf tuFsD jyif0wfvnf; w&m;eYJ? a&tdrfxJrSm usifBuD;usifi,fpGefYawmhvnf;
w&m;eYJ? bmvkyfvkyf w&m;eJY vkyfaewmudk w&m;tm;xkwfw,fvdkY ac:wm/
Page48of121
NOTES:
a[wkypa,m
(tajctjrpfozG,f*kPfowd (odkY) a&aomufjrpfozG,f*kPfowd)
a[wkypPa,mwda[wl a[wkor`,kwWumeH
ta_ct_rpfw&m;wdkhonf
ta_ct_rpfowWd_zifh
"rRmeH
rdrdwdkhESif,SOfukefaom
wHorkmemeOP
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/
@lygeH
a[wkypPa,e
rdrdwdkhajumif_zpfukefaom
ypPa,m?
@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/
aus;Zl;_yKwwfonf_zpf.?
tukodkvfjzpfapaom t"dua&aomufjrpftaMumif;w&m; (3)rsKd; - (t oHk;vHk; "mwfcH)

1/ avmb (tpGJ"mwfcH) (tqif;? toH? teHU ? t&om ? tawGU)aMumifhjzpf?
2/ a'go (trkef;"mwfcH ) (rauseyfjcif;? cufxefjcif;)
3/ arm[ (tarh"mwfcH) (tmHktrSefrodrI ? awGa0rI)
ukodkvf (at;csrf;pdwf? at;csrf;&dyf jzpfap\/) = ukodkvfjzpfapaomt"dua&aomufjrpftaMumif;
w&m;(3)yg; - (r oHk;vHk; "mwfcH)
1/ tavmb (rpGJ"mwfcH) vSL'gef;jcif; ?? rwyfrufjcif;
2/ ta'go (rrkef;"mwfcH) arwm ? oDv ? bm0em
3/ tarm[ (rarh"mwfcH) uH uH\ tusdK;odaomPf ? 0dyemPf? r*fPfzdkvfPf
avmb? a'go? arm[ a&aomufjrpfrsm;udk jzwfEdkifatmif tavmb? ta'go? tarm[a&aomufjrpfrsm;

ysKd;axmif&ef bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;udk rSDjirf; qkH;rxm;aom oHCmawmfwdkY\ tqkH;trw&m;rsm; (t
oHk;vHk; "mwfcH) udk (r oHk;vHk; "mwfcH) yGm;rsm; jcif; tm; jzifY jzwfawmuf Edkif atmif tqkH;trw&m;rsm;)udk
qufvufazmfjyoGm;ygrnf/
]]&m*ua,m edAmeH ? a'goua,m ed AmeH ? arm[ a,m edAmeH}} (avmbukef&if edAmef }} ?

a'goukef&if edAmef? arm[ukef&if edAmef}} [lonfh bk&m;a[m&Sd\/)
rdrdpdwfrSm avmb ? a'go ? arm[ rjzpfatmif BudK;pm;aewmyJjzpfjzpf avmb a'go arm[udk
y,fwmyJjzpfjzpf? tavmb ta'go tarm[awGudk jzpfatmif BudK;pm;wmyJjzpfjzpf tJ'g[m
w&m;tm;xkwfwmygyJ/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE w&m;b,fvkdtm;xkwfrvJ w&m;awmfrS)
avmb ? a'go ? arm[aMumifhjzpfwJh tukokdvftudkif;tcwftvufjzpfaom tajym? tBuH?

tvkyfawG y,fae&if udk,fhudkukd,f txifBuD; ? rmewufvmNyD; tukodkvfrsm;wuf\/
xkdUaMumifh tavmb (ay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif;) ta'go (arwmyGm;rsm;jcif;) oDvapmifhjcif;
tarm[qdkonfh 0dyemPfjzifh avmb ? a'go ? arm[ukd tjrpfjzwf&rnfjzpf\/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE \ 24 ypnf;yXmef; toHoGi;f w&m;awmfrS)
Page49of121
NOTES:
uJhodkY avmb ? a'go ? arm[ oHk;yg; udk aemufuBudK;udkifay;aeonhfolrSm vlodenf;vSonfh

'd|djzpfaMumif;udk y&rw'DyeD#DumrSm zGifhjyxm;onf/
avmb ? a'go ? arm[ ? rme tp&SdwJh b,fvkdudavomyJjzpfjzpf oum,'d|d&JU taxmuftyHhr&vsif
tm;rBuD;yJ jrefjrefajy;oGm;\/
q&mawmfOD;aZmwdu (rm[mNrdKifawm&) \ a'goudk em;vnfyg w&m;awmf pm - 69
'geay;vSLrIeJU avmbudkavsmhyg;ygap/ a'goawG ukefatmifusifhyg/ oDvusifh0wf apmifhxdef;rI

usifhBuHrIeJU a'goawGudk avsmhygap/ bm0emtvkyf tm;xkwf&if;eJU arm[awGudkavsmhygapukefygap/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE w&m;b,fvkdtm;xkwfrvJ w&m;awmfrS)
avmbESifh tavmb (okYd ) tpGJ"mwfcH ESifh rpGJ"mwfcH(okYd )

wyfrufarmjcif;ESifh vSL'gef;jcif;
'geay;vSLrIeJU avmbudkavsmhyg;ygap/......
avmbudk ]]vdkcsifrI]] [k jrefrmjyefonfrSm rrSefyg/ wyfrufarmonf? Niduyfonf (pGJuyfonf)

[ljzpf\/avbm = wPSm = &m* / avmbonf qEESifh rwlacs/
(q&mBuD; OD;ausmfxGwf\ o'raZmwdu tbd"rm pm 25 udk rSD; ygonf/)
avmbaMumifh pm;&onf? rxifeJUaemf avmbaMumifh touf&Sifae&w,f rxifeJUaemf uH? Pf?

0D&d,aMumifh pm;&? ae&? touf&Sif&jcif;jzpf\/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE \w&m;b,fvdktm;xkwfrvJ pm 46)
udk,fu avmbBuD;vGef;aeawmh 'Dt0wfuyfMunfhvdkufvJ ab;z,fvkduf&onf/ 'DyGJeJU rvkdufao;yg

udkf,fhudkudk wtm;vScsifNyD; avmbjzpfvGef;awmh b,ft0wftxnfeJYrS 'DyGJeJYrvkdufawmhyg/ udk,feJUvnf;
rvkdufawmhyg/ wtm;vScsifaejzpf\/ avmbudk OD;pm;ay;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&wmu yifyef;ygonf/ uH Pf
0D&d,udk OD;pm;ay;NyD;awmh at;csrf;pGm pD;yGm;&Sm&rnf/ udk,fuHudk tm;udk;NyD; tvkyfvkyfyg/ udk,fPfeJY
aoaocsmcsmMunfhyg/ udk,hf0D&d,eJU udk,fBudK;pm;yg/ pD;yGm;udk uH Pf 0D&d,eJU&Smyg/ pD;yGm;csrf;omawGudk
{uefrkcs&ygrnf/.....
pdwfrSm avmb&SdaeorQ tedpudk rjrifEkdifyg/ 'Davmbu qufjzpfqufjzpf qufjrif qufjrif
aecsifwJh oabmaMumifh b,ftmHkudkyJ BudKufESpfoufNyD; NrJaeapcsifygonf/ NrJatmifvnf; BudK;pm;wwf
yg\/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE \w&m;b,fvdktm;xkwfrvJ)
Page50of121
NOTES:
w&m;qdkwm avmbavsmhzdkUjzpf\/ tvkyfavsmhzdkU r[kwfyg/ tvkyf&yfawG &yfypfzdkU r[kwfyg/

avmbavsmhNyD; pD;yGm;a&;vlrIa&; oma&;ema&;awGeJU vkyf&if;udkif&if; aqmif&Guf&if; vlUavmurSm 'DvdkyJ
aeoGm;Mu\/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE \ 24 ypnf;yXmef; toHoGif; w&m;awmfrS)
a&udkajrmif;roG,fvQif ykwfapmfeHNyD; vkd&mvnf;ra&mufEkdif? &xm;onfhpnf;pdrfudk odrf;xm;&if

&efolrsdK;ig;yg;twGuf apmifhaeouJhodkU jzpfrnf/ nmzufu&vQif nmzufuvSL? b,fzufu&vQif
b,fzufuvSLyg/ ajrmif;azmufxm;vsif vmwJha&b,fawmhrS rukef? pD;wJYa& b,fawmhrSrukef/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE \ a&vmajrmif;ay; toHoGif;w&m;awmffrS)
w&m;"rqufvufemMum;Ekdif&ef rdom;pkrsm;udk vSL&ef[k oabmxm;&SmazGyg/ vSLzdkYwef;zdkU&Smyg/

trsm;twGuf oHk;zdkY&Smyg/ 'geyg&rDjznfhusifhzdkU pTefYvTwfzdkY&Smyg/ aumif;wJhpdwftNrJ xnfhay;yg/
'geudk arw mjzifh vSLyg/

vSLvQifjywfom;&rnf/ vSLvQif arwmvTrf;NcHKNyD;vSLyg/ ukd,fvSLaom 'gejzifh tvSLcHudk,fawmfESpfjzm
usef;rmcsrf;omygapvdkY qdkNyD;vSLvQif eHYomjzifh xHkvTrf;tyfaom tvSLjzpfrnf/
t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&) \ ]]arwmjzifh xHkvTrf;tyfaom}} toHoGif;w&m;awmfrS
avmb
avmbonf rD;ykHBuD;wpfckjzpf\/
pm;vdkrI? 0wfvdkrI? wky*kPfNydKifvdkrI? vdkcsifrItrsKd;rsKd;jzpf\/
,ckrsufarSmufb0vnf; avmifNrdKufwwf\/ aemifwrvGefb0vnf; rdrd\ rSD&myk*Kdvfudk
vdkufvHavmifNrdKufwwf\/
tavmb
avmb"mwfr[kwfonfudkyif tavmb"mwf[kac:\/ avmb"mwfudk wpfpwpfpy,fazsmufvsif
avmb"mwfrSajymif;vJ tavmb"mwfjzpfay:vm\/
rvdkcsifrI? rpGJvrf;rI? rom,mrI? wyfrufjcif;uif;rIrsm;udk ac:onf/
ou&mZf 1270? waygif;vqef; (8)&uf ykodrfNrdKU? [dkufpul;ausmif;wGif; a[mMum;awmfrlaom aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
\ rD;ajcmufyg;w&m;awmfrS (v,fwDa[mudef;w&m; pm 152-165rS aumufEIwfcsuf)
Page51of121
NOTES:
rpGJ"mwfcH = tavmb
bk&m;tavmif; olawmfaumif;BuD;awG? ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;BuD;awG&JU oEmefrSm&SdwJh "mwfcH
aumif;(6)rsKd;qdkwm &Sdygw,f/ tavmb"mwfcH? ta'go"mwfcH? tarm["mwfcH? aeur"mwfcH? y0da0u
"mwfcH? ed&P"mwfcH? ygVdvdkajymvdkuf&wm ydkNyD;awmh t&om&Sdygw,f/ ygVdvdkvnf;&atmifusufxm;yg/
tavmb"mwfcH? tavmb"mwfcHqdkwm rvdkcsifwJh"mwfcH/ tavmb"mwfcH tm;enf;wJhyk*KdvfawG
usawmh wpfusyf? wpfjym;av;utp ay;&urf;&rSm? pGefY&BuJ&rSm tifrwefESajrmygw,f/ olrsm;udk ay;urf;
pGefYBuJzdkY tomxm;? udk,fhudk,fudkawmif roxmbl;? 'gu tavmb"mwfcH tm;enf;wJY yk*KdvfawGaygh/
tavmb"mwfcH tm;aumif;wJh yk*KdvfawGusawmh aomif;eJY odef;eJYcsDNyD;awmh pGefY&r,fqdk&ifvnf;
0efrav;bl;/ ya'o&mZfpnf;pdrf? {u&mZfpnf;pdrf? pMu0aw;rif;pnf;pdrfawG pGefYypf&r,fqdk&ifawmfrS
jrufwpfyifavmufawmif pdwfxJrSm ratmufarhygbl;wJh/ jrufwpfyifav; pGefYvdkuf&vdkyJ oabmxm;Ekdif
ygw,f/
]avmb}u vdkcsifwmaygh/ tavmbqdkawmh rvdkcsifwmaygh/ jrefrmvdkajymr,fqdk&ifawmh tavm
b"mwfcHqdkwm ]rvdk"mwfcH}ygyJ/ tavmb"mwfcHqdkwm ]rvdk"mwfcH}vdkY ajymvdkufawmh rvdkcsifbl;/
bmypnf;OpmrS r&SmazGawmhbl;vdkY xifaeOD;r,f/ tJ'Dvdk r[kwfygbl;/ bmqdkbmrS rvdkcsifawmhwJh tajc
tae? vkH;0 rvdkcsifawmhwJh tajctaevnf;&Sdygw,f/ olYtqifheJYolayghav/
vdkcsifw,fqdkwmuvnf; udk,fcHpm;zdkY vdkcsifwm&,f? olwpfyg;udk a0rQzdkY vdkcsifwm&,fvdkY ESpfrsKd;
&Sdygw,f/ udk,fcHpm;zdkY vdkcsifwmu avmb? olwpfyg;udk a0rQzdkY vdkcsifwmu tavmb? tJ'DtavmbudkyJ
udk,fcHpm;zdkY vdkcsifwmr[kwfvdkY ]rvdk"mwfcH}vdkY ac:ygw,f/
]rpGJ"mwfcH}vdkY ajymwmuydkaumif;ygw,f/ ydkNyD; t"dym,fjynhfpkHygw,f/ &NyD;om; ydkifqdkifrIawGudkyJ
jzpfjzpf? r&ao;wJh ydkifqdkifrIawGudkyJjzpfjzpf pGJvrf;NiduyfraewJhoabm? pGefYvTwfzdkY MuHKvm&if tcsdefra&G;
pGefYvTwfEdkifwJhoabm[m ]rpJG"mwfcH}ygyJ/
tajctaet& olwpfyg;udk ulnDaxmufyHhzdkY vdkcsifw,fqkd&ifvnf; pGefYvTwfzdkY &nf&G,fcsufeJY vdkcsif
wmjzpfvdkY ]rvdkcsifwJhpdwfeJY vdkcsifwm}vdkYyJ ajym&ygvdrfhr,f/ ]tavmb"mwfcH = rpGJ"mwfcH}qdkwmuawmh
t&Sif;qkH;ygyJ/
t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&) \ xl;rSxl; w&m;awmfrS
Page52of121
NOTES:
a'go ESifh ta'go (okYd ) trkef;"mwfcH ESifh rrkef;"mwfcH (okYd )

cufxefMurf;wrf;jcif;ESifh at;csrf;arwm
a'gopdwfudkcsufjcif;jrifvkduf vQif igr[kwfwJh a'go[kjrifNyD; a'goESifh igwpfjcm;pDjzpfoGm;r,f/
a'gopdwfudka'gopdwf[lodyg/ olY&JYaumif;wJhtcsufuav;udk jyefawG;yg/
oDvudk rapmifhcsifvJapmifh ? apmifhcsifvnf; apmifh? aemiffrapmifhbJ raeEkdifawmhyg/
pdwfat;csrf;csrf;aecsif&if olrsm;taMumif;udk wwfEkdifoavmuf rajymygeJU
arwm"gwftm;enf;wm a'gow&m;qdkwm vTrf;rdk;aejzpf\/ arwm"gwfawG&atmifvdkU
a'gorD;
a'goonfvnf; rD;ykHBuD;wpfckjzpf\/
a'goqdkonfum; udk,ftm;jzifh? EIwftm;jzifh? pdwftm;jzifh Murf;wrf;jcif;yifjzpf\/
,ckrsufarSmufb0vnf; avmifNrdKufwwf\/ aemifwrvGefb0vnf; rdrd\rSD&myk*Kdvfudk
avmifNrKdufwwf\/
a'gorD;pJGvsif wylaEG;aEG;? wa&;a&;ESifh aqG;aompdwfjzifhom ae&aom'kuudkcH&\/ xdka'gorD;
pGJNidzl;aom ol\tay:omvsif owd&wdkif; a'gorD;awmufavmif\/
BuD;rm;av;vHvSpGmaom tukodkvf'kpdkufrIBuD;wdkYudkyif twif;jyKusifhrdav\/
avmbrD;xuf BuD;rm;jyif;xefaomaMumifh rdrd\rDS&myk*Kdvf kyf? emrfudk avmifuRrf;ysufqD;aponf/
kyfqif;wdkYudkvnf; zsufqD;ypf\/
ta'go (arwm)
a'gor[kwfonfudkyif ta'go"mwf[kac:\/ a'go"mwfudk wpfpwpfpy,fazsmufvsif
a'go"mwfrS ajymif;vJ ta'go(arwm"mwf)jzpfvm\/
a'gorD;tyl[lorQudk tvkH;pkHy,fowfEdkifay\/
arwmjzifh pdrfxm;aom? xkHxm;aom yk*Kdvfonf kyfat;csrf;jcif;? pdwfat;jrjcif;[laom arwm
tusKd;(11)yg;wdkYudk 'dXBuHK& awGY&av\/ arwm"mwfonf ow0gtrsm;udk at;jrapaom
"mwfBuD;jzpfav\/
arwmw&m;jzifhaeoludk usufoa&r*FvmrsKd;pkHwdkYjzifh jynfhNzdK;vIdifxkHae jA[mrif;wdkYuJhodkY aeEdkifol
[l jrwfpGmbk&m;ua[mawmfrl\/
aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ykvJNrdKU? [dkufpul;ausmif;wGif; a[mMum;awmfrlaom rD;ajcmufyg;w&m;awmfrS
(v,fwDa[mudef;w&m; pm 152-165rS aumufEIwfcsuf) ou&mZf 1270? waygif;vqef; (8)&uf
rrkef;"mwfcH = ta'go
ta'goqdkwmu a'gor&Sdwm/ a'gouif;wm/ ta'go"mwfcH tm;enf;wJh yk*Kdvfusawmh bm
r[kwfwJh tao;trTm; pum;vkH;av;eJYvnf; ykHBuD;csJUNyD;awmh a'goawG BuD;aewwfw,f/ pdwfwdkaewwf
Page53of121
NOTES:
w,f/ pdwfqdk;aewwfw,f/ emusnf;rkef;wD;aewwfw,f/ &efNidK;awG zGJYaewwfw,f/
ta'go"mwfcH tm;enf;wJh yk*Kdvfusawmh a'gojzpfp&mpum; ao;ao;rTm;rTm;av;? a'gojzpfp&m
tjyKtrl ao;ao;rTm;rTm;av;uvnf; a'gorD;awG tBuD;tus,f awmufavmifapw,f/
ta'go"mwfcH tm;aumif;wJh yk*Kdvfusawmh? a'goenf;wJh yk*Kdvfusawmh udk,fhudk udk,fxdvuf
a&muf apmfum;awmifrS tNyKH;rysufbl;/ uavmfqJaevnf; pdwfrqdk;bl;/ udk,fh&JU *kPfodumawG xdyg;
oGm;atmif BuD;BuD;us,fus,fvkyfaevnf;yJ a'gorjzpfbJeJY onf;cHEkdifw,f/
onf;cHwmwpfydkif;? ajz&Sif;wmu wpfydkif;ayghaemf/ ]bmyJajymajym onf;cH&r,f}qdkwmu ikHYcHae&rSm
udk ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ pdwfrqdk;zdkY? a'goeJY jyefrajymzdkY ajymwm/ ajz&Sif;zdkY vdktyf&if jyefajz&Sif;&rSmyJ/
vlawG t,ltqvGJaewmu bmyJjzpfjzpf ikHYcH/ ikHYcHwmudkyJ onf;cHw,fvdkY xifaew,f/ ikHYcHwdkif;onf;cHwm
r[kwfygbl;/ ajz&Sif;oifh? ajz&Sif;xdkufwmudkvnf; ajz&Sif;&r,f/ 'gayrJh wpfzufom; a'gorxGufapeJY/
wpfzufom; tusKd;,kwfatmif rwkHYjyefeJY/ 'gudk onf;cHw,fvdkY ac:wmaemf/
vdktyfvdkY jyefajym? jyefajz&Sif;onfjzpfap? rvdktyfvdkY jyefrajym? jyefrajz&Sif;onfjzpfap udk,fhpdwf
xJrSm a'gorxGuf&if onf;cHwmygyJ/ jyefrajym? jyefrajz&Sif;ayr,fh pdwfxJrSm rausreyfjzpfae&if? a'go
xGufae&if onf;cHw,fvdkY rac:ygbl;/
ta'go"mwfcHqdkwmu jrefrmqdk&ifawmh ]rrkef;"mwfcH}ayghav/ wpfzufom; udk,fhudk bmajymajym?
wpfzufom; udk,fhudk bmvkyfvkyf? tJ'Dwpfzufom;tay: emusnf;rkef;wD;wJhpdwf r&SdwJh oabm[m ta'g
o"mwfcH? rrkef;"mwfcHygyJ/
vlawG&JU cEmudk,ftrsm;qHk; Id;EGrf;apwJht&m? xdcdkufyifyef;oGm;apwJht&m[m a'goygyJ/

vludktrsm;qHk; yifyef;apwm? usef;rma&;xdcdkufapwm? pdwfrSmvnf; xdckdufaponfwdkUrSm aeUpOfBuHKawGUae
&aom pdwfrMunfvifp&m? pdwfaemufp&m? pdwfnpfp&m? pdwfIwfp&mawG&JU pdk;&drfwm? ylyefwm? aMumufwm?
tm;i,fwm? pdwfqdk;wm ? pdwf"gwfuswm ? pdwfwdkwmawGyJ 'gawGtukefvHk;u a'goawGcsnf;yJjzpf\/
a'gojzpfaevQiftqdyfudk NrdKxm;ovdkjzpfaew,f\/ a'gojzpfvmvQif pepfr&Sdawmhacs/ a'go
onf udk,fh&JUrsufESmudk Munfh&qdk;atmifvkyf\/ kyf&nftqif;udktrsm;qHk;zsufqD;\/ arwm[m rsufESmudk
usufoa&&Sdap\/ vSyap\/ cspfp&m? cifp&m aumif;ap\/
a'goenf;atmifvkyfenf;
]]oa'goH0g pdwH ? oa'goH pdwEd yZmemwd}} [l bk&m;a[m&Sdxm;\/ a'goESifhwuG
jzpfaompdwfudk a'goESifhwuGjzpfaompdwf[l odyg/ (a'goudk a'go[l odyg)? a'gopdwfudk csufjcif;
jrifvkdufvQif igr[kwfwJh a'go[kjrifNyD; a'goESifh igwpfjcm;pDjzpfoGm;r,f/ tJ'Dwpfcg a'goudk xdef;ausmif;
&wm vG,foGm;r,f/ ...........
Page54of121
NOTES:
pdwfwdkp&mudk BudKwifNyD; rxm;ygeJU/
vwfwavmtqifajyatmif vG,fvG,feJU uwdray;ygeJU/
pdwfat;csrf;csrf;aecsif&if olrsm;taMumif;udk wwfEkdifoavmuf rajymygeJU/ txl;ojzifh
olrsm;raumif;aMumif; rajymyJaewm aumif;w,f/
at;at;aq;aq;ajymwwfatmifavhusifhyg/
pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&mudpawGudk tjrefqHk;ajz&Sif;vkdufyg/
pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;yg/
odyfryifyef;ygapeJU/
vlawG&JU aumif;wJhtcsufuav;awGudk rMumrMumawG;yg/
q&mawmfOD;aZmwdu (rm[mNrdKifawm&)\ a'goudkem;vnfyg w&m;awmf
udk,fhpdwfaMumifh a'gojzpf&wmyJjzpfjzpf/ olwpfyg;uvkyf a'gojzpfatmifvkyfvdkY a'gojzpfaewm

yJjzpfjzpf/ tJh'DtcsdefrSm vGwfvyfwJhol r[kwfawmhbl;/ avmbrjzpfatmif vSL&ovdk? a'gorjzpfatmif
oDvapmifhMuyg/ udk,fuwm0efausatmifae&ygw,f/ rdom;pkxJrSm wm0efrauswJh olawG&SdcJh&ifvnf;
olrsm;awGudktm;rvdk tm;r&rjzpfygeJU/ rausreyf rjzpfygeJU? oDvqdkwm ig;yg;oDvvHkvnf; oDvygyJ/
rdbu rdb0w&m;auswm? om;orD;u om;orD;0w&m;auswmvnf; oD vygyJ/rausawmh
a'gojzpfw,f? rjzpfygeJU? trSefu udk ,fhwm0efom udk,faus? olUwm0efolUtydkif;yJ/......
udk,fhoDvvHk&if udk,ftydkif;NyD;wmyJ? olrsm;oDv vHkwmrvHkwm udk,feJYrqkdifbl;aemf/ ta'gou oDvudk
jzpfapw,f/ tavmbu avmbudk uif;oGm;apovdkyJ/ a'goawG uif;vdkU ta'gojzpfvm&if
oDveJU ywfoufNyD; vHkNcHKvmw,f/
oDvudk rapmifhcsifvJapmifh ? apmifhcsifvnf; apmifh? aemufrapmifh bJ raeEkdifawmhbl;/
"r'lw t&SifaqudE w&m;b,fvkdtm;xkwfrvJ
oDvapmifhvQif *kPmjzifhapmifhyg/
1/
udk,fhtoufudkolrsm; owfrSmaMumuf olrsm; toufowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf jcif;rKd;onf
&S,foDv (txl;oDv) awmYr[kwf acs/ igemovdk ? igcHpm;&ovdk olrsm;remrcHpm;&aygapESifh
qkdaom *kPmav;jzifh apmifhxdef;yg/
2/
ighypnf; cdk;cH&? ysufpD;&rnfpdk; olrsm;ypnf;cdk;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOfrIUxuf olrsm;ypnf;ukef
cef;oGm;vQif pdwfqif;&JrSmpdk; [laom *kPmjzifh apmifhxdef;yg/
3/
xkdUtwl olUtdrfaxmifuGJrSmpdk; olUrdom;pkNydKuGJrSmpdk; olwyg; aÈusrSmpdk; [laom
ukPmjzifh olrsm; tdrf,mjypfrSm;jcif; rS a&SmifusOfyg/
4/
udk,ftvdrfcH&vQif pdwfqif;&JouJhoUdk rcHpm;&atmif trSefudkrodjrif rcHpm;&atmifqdkaom
*kPmpdwfjzifh oDvapmifhyg/
t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&) \ ]]arwmjzifh xHkvTrf;tyfaom}} toHoGif;w&m;awmfrS
bk&m;a[monfh tjcm;a'goaysmufenf ;rSm 1/

bufajymif;awG;NyD;jyifvkdufyg/ (olU&JUaumif;uGufudk&SmNyD;awG;yg/ udk,fhudk a'gojzpfapol[m
rsm;aomtm;jzifh udk,feJUywfoufwJh olawGyJrdkU aumif;uGufudk vG,fvG,fulul&SmEkdifygw,f/)
Page55of121
NOTES:
2/
3/
4/
5/
a'go&JU tjypfudk jrifatmifMunfhyg/ (avmbqdkvJ 'DvkdygyJ)

arhaysmufaomenf;jzifh y,fvdkufyg/
taMumif;&if; rlvaA'udk &SmazGNyD; tJ'DtaMumif;&if;udk y,fvkdufyg/
tHBudwfNyD; udavomudk tEkdifwdkufvdkufyg/ a'goudk a'go[l odvkdufyg/ (oHo&mrSm
eifhtvdk vkdufcJhvkdU 'kua&mufcJhNyDqkd&if 0D&d,jrifhwifNyD; wdkufxkwfvdkufyg/)
rSm;wmvkyfcJhvkdU&SdvQif 0efcHNyD;awmif;yefvdkufvsif ]]jyif}} oGm;wmyJ/ awmif;yefp&m&Sd&if ]]0efcs}}

awmif;yefyg/ 0efudkypfcsvdkufovkd ayghyg;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
(t&SifqEm"du \ jyifopfEdkifiHyg&DNrdKU jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;twGuf a&pufcsw&m;yGJrSm pdwfrsm; jyifvQif opfoGm;onfh
taMumif;a[mxm;onfh ]]jyifopf}} toHoGif;w&m;awmfrS aumufEIwfcsuf)
arwmESvHk;aeUpOfoHk; (uulyrokwf)
t*r[my@dw t&SifeErmvm bd0Ho (PhD)
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ uuplyr a[mMum;csufrS (uup = vT &efolu udk,fhudk vTeJUwdkufvQifyif
rwkefUjyef[laom oEd|mefcscsufrsdK;xm;&ef a[mMum;xm;csuf)
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ajymqdkqufcH&m rnfodkUaom tcsufrsm;OD;pGm oEd|mefcsxm;&rnfudk bk&m;&Sifu
OD;pm;&Sif;jyxm;\/
pum;ajym&mwGif
(1) ajymoifhaom tcsdefomajym&rnf/ rajymoifhaom tcsdefrajym (Right Time)
(2) rSefwmudkyJajymrnf/ rrSefwmudk rajymyg/ (True Fact)
(3) MuifMuifemem ,Of,Ofaus;aus;odrfodrfarGUarGU ajymrnf/ (Nicely)
(4) tusdK;&SdwJh pum;udkomajymrnf/ tusdK;r&Sdwmrajymbl;/ (Beneficial)
(5) ajymwJhtcg arwmeJU ajymrnf/ a'goESifhrajym (With good Intention without anger)
txufyg (5)csufvHk; rSwfrd&ef rSwfpkjyKpkou
l dk t*FvdyfpmaMumif;av;ESpfck jyKvkyfNyD;
rSwfom;ygonf/
Please tell him the true fact nicely in the right time.
Do not forget to tell this with good intention but without anger to be beneficial.
[l jzpf\/
odkU&mwGif udk,fwdkifpnf;urf;csNyD; b,fvkdajymajym wzufu EIwfpnf;urf;r&Sdol ? ajymcsif&m

ajym0HhvlESifh awGUvQifrnfodkUvkyf&rnfqdkudk bk&m;&Sifu ]]arwmESvHk; tpOfoHk;}}yg/ arwmESifhom
wHkYjyefygwJh/ usifhpOfav;udkawmh
(1) ighpdwfutajymif;tvJ rjzpfap&bl;qdkwJU oEdXmefeJUtnD pdwfrqdk;rdatmif xdef;vdkufyg/
(2) pdwfrxdef;EkdifvkdU a'gojzpfrdoGm;&ifvnf; rMum;0Hhremompum;awGeJU rwkHUjyefvkdufygESifh/
(3) 'Dpum;vmajymwJh yk*dKvf&JU aumif;usdK;udk vkdvm;wJhpdwfuav;arG;vdkufygwJh/ a'goeJU
rwkHUjyefygeJUwJh/
Page56of121
NOTES:
(4) 'DvdkajymwJh yk*dKvf&JU tusdK;udk vkdvm;wJh pdwfeJU wu,fhudk arwmydkUay;ygwJh/
arwm"gwftm;enf;wm a'gow&m;qdkwm vTrf;rdk;aejzpf\/ arwm"gwf awG&atmifvdkU
a&ul;orm; ? awmifwuform;vnf; avhusifh&ovdk abmvHk;orm;awGvnf;avhusifh&\/
(xHkvTrf;ap&jcif;jzifh vkd&ma&muf tusdK;BuD;yHkudk tmao0eypa,mwGifavhvmyg)
(5) NyD;awmh arwmudk xyfNyD; wkd;csJUvdkufygOD;wJh/ ow0grsm;tay:rSm arwmyGm;rsm;vkdufyg/
arwm"gwfydkrdkckdifrmvmatmif bk&m;u TefMum;ay;vkdufwmyg/
arwmonf &efuif;a0;ap\ (ta0&) qko
d nfrSm ]]tukova0&}} pdwfxJu&efoludk arwm
"gwfeJU z,f&Sm;NyD; ]]ta0&}} &efuif;oGm;wm/ ]]yk*va0&}} qdkwJh &efolyk*dK vf&JU wdkufckdufjcif;udkvJ rNzHK
awmhyg/
tJ'Dvdk arwmpdwfxm;ol? atmifEkdifol&JU pdwfrwHkvIyfyHkudk wl&Gif;BuD;eJU r[myx0DajrBuD;wl;
vQif rukefraysmufuG,fEkdifouJhodkU jrpfBuD;udk rD;wkwfeJU ylvmatmif vkyfr&awmhouJhodkU? yef;csD
q&m aq;wHESifh pkwfoHk;NyD; avxJtkyfa&;cs,fvQif[kouJhodkUyif arwm"gwfjynfU0aeol\ pdwfudk
a'gokyfawGvma&;vkdU r&EdkifaMumif; &efolu udk,fudkvTeJUwdkfuf&ifawmif rwHkUjyefygeJUvdkU qHk;rxm;
ygw,f/
t*r[my@dw a'gufwm t&SifeErmvm bd0Ho (PhD) \ arwmESvHk;aeUpOfoHk; (uulyrokw)f
aMomf ... rsufpd&,f ? tqif;tmHk&,f 'DESpfckqHkrdvdkU jrifodpdwfuav; jzpfay:vmwmygvm;vdkU

'DtawG;av;awG;vkdU&Sd&if xkdjrifp&mtmHkay:rSm avmbqdkwm jzpfp&mtaMumif;r&Sdbl;/ a'goqdkwmvnf;
jzpfp&m taMumif;r&Sdawmhbl;/ avmbjzpfw,fqkdwm 'DtmHkay:rSm roifhroifhESvHk;oGif;onfhtwGuf
aMumifh jzpf&w,f/ a'goqdkwmvnf; 'DtmHkay:rSm roifhroifh ESvHk;oGif;onfh twGufaMumifhjzpf&w,f/
olUqkdif&mqkdif&m taMumif;av;awGeJUcsnf;yJ .... qdkawmh trSeftwdkif; wkdif;jrifvmygw,f/
orm'd|day:vm&if tarm[aygh/
t*r[my@dw a'gufwm t&SifeErmvm bd0Ho (PhD) \ &Spfa,mufeJUwpfa,mufw&m;awmf pm 33 + 34 )
wef;wlvl....arwmyGm;yg/
atmufuvl.... oem;ukPmxm;yg /
txufuvl...... rk'dwmyGm;yg /
Page57of121
NOTES:
arm[ESifh tarm[ (okYd ) tarh"mwfcH ESifh rarh"mwfcH (okYd ) rodrI ESifh odrI
'Davmufajym&JUom;eJY bmvdkYqdk;rSef; rodMuwmvJqdkawmh arm[BuD;vGef; rsm;vGef;aevdkYyg/
arm[rD;
arm[onfvnf; rD;ykHBuD;wpfckjzpf\/
arm[qdkonfrSm
awGa0rIY?
rdef;armrIY?
rvdrmrIY?
rodjrif? rxifvif;rIY?
arYarYrl;rl;l;l;ESrf;ESrf;jzpfrI
aomufMuL;? pm;MuL;? aysmfMuL;rIYrsm;jzpf\/,ckrsufarSmufb0vnf; avmifNrdKufwwf\/
aemifwrvGefb0vnf; rdrd\rSD&myk*Kdvfudk avmifNrKdufwwf\/
ynmPfESifh ajzmifhajzmifhqefYusifaom w&m;jzpf? t&m&m cRwfacsmfrSm;,Gif;wwf\/
atmufusaemufusjzpf\/
oHo&mc&D; vrf;aysmufaeaomoljzpf\/ avmbrD;ykHudkvnf; 0ifwdk;rd\/ wpfcgw&H 'd|dawmBuD;
odkYvnf; 0ifrd\/ wpfcgw&H rmeawmBuD;/ wpfcgw&H a'gorD;ykHBuD;twGif;odkY ponfjzifh vrf;rSm;
rsKd;pkHudk a&muf\/
tarm[
arm[r[kwfonfudk tarm[ [kqdk\/ arm[udk wpfpz,fcGmvsif arm[ZmwdrSajymif;
tarm[Zmwf jzpfay:vm\/
tarm[udk
Pfynm (odjrifrI)
0dZm (xdk;xGif;rI)
orm'd|d (aygufa&mufrI)
"r0dp, (vdrmrI)
0drHom (wwfrI)
pdEm (uRrf;usifrI) [l toD;oD;ac:a0:\/
odjrifrIY? xdk;xGif;rIY? aygufa&mufrI? vdrmrIY? wwfrIY? uRrf;usifrIYwdkYyifwnf;/
ypKyef? oHo&mESpfjzmvkH; aumif;jrwfaom tusKd;xl;&ap\/
tvdk&dS&modkY ajzmifhwef;pGmoGm;Edkif\/
udavom tnpftaMu;wdkYjzifh tarSmiftwdjynfhaeaom oHo&mtcef;wdkufBuD;xJwGif tvGef
wpf&m xGef;vif;vSpGmaom "mwfrD;wdkifESifhwl\/
oHo&mBuD;\ qdk;usKd;jrifEkfid faom rsufpdozG,fjzpf\/
ou&mZf 1270? waygif;vqef; (8)&uf ykodrfNrdKU? [dkufpul;ausmif;wGif; a[mMum;awmfrlaom aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
\ rD;ajcmufyg;w&m;awmfrS (v,fwDa[mudef;w&m; pm 152-165rS aumufEIwfcsuf)
Page58of121
NOTES:
rarh"mwfcH = tarm[
tarm["mwfcH qdkwmu arm[uawmh arhwm? awGa0wm? trSeftwdkif; rodwm? odoifhwmawG
rodwm? rodoifhwmawG odwmaygh/ tarm[uawmh rarhwm? rawGa0wm? trSeftwdkif;odwm? odoihfwm
awG odwm? rodoifhwmawG rodwmaygh/ vdk&if;uawmh rarYwmygyJ/ tarm["mwfcHqdkwm ]rarY"mwfcH}
vdkY jrefrmvdk rSwfvkdufaygh/
tarm["mwfcH tm;enf;wJY yk*KdvfawGusawmh w&m;vnf; remcsifbl;? w&m;pmtkyfvnf; rzwf
csifbl;? w&m;awGvnf; tm;rxkwfcsifygbl;/
tarm["mwfcH tm;aumif;wJY yk*KdvfawGusawmh w&m;pmtkyfqdk&ifvnf; zwfvdkYudk tm;r&Edkifbl;/
w&m;wdyfacGqdk&ifvnf; emvdkYudk tm;r&Edkifbl;? vludk,fwdkif t&Sifvwfvwfa[mwJh w&m;yGJqdk&ifvnf;
emvdkYudk r0Edkifbl;/ w&m;tm;xkwf&r,fqdk&ifvnf; ESpfem&D xdkif&rvm;? okH;em&Dxdkif&rvm;aygh/
w&m;xdkifzdkYu t"dur[kwfbl;/ w&m;tm;xkwfzdkYu t"du/ oGm;vnf; w&m;eJY? &yfvnf; w&m;eJY?
xdkifvnf; w&m;eJY? avsmif;vnf; w&m;eJY? pm;vnf; w&m;eJY? pGefYvnf; w&m;eJY? a&csKd;vnf; w&m;eYJ?
oGm;wdkufvnf; w&m;eYJ? vkHcsnf tuFsD jyif0wfvnf; w&m;eYJ? a&tdrfxJrSm usifBuD;usifi,fpGefYawmhvnf;
w&m;eYJ? bmvkyfvkyf w&m;eJY vkyfaewmudk w&m;tm;xkwfw,fvdkY ac:wm/
tarm["mwfcH tm;aumif;wJY yk*KdvfawGusawmh w&m;xdkifwmeYJwGif rauseyfawmhbl;/ w&m;
tm;xkwfawmhwmyJ/ oGm;? &yf? xdkif? avsmif; &d,mykwfav;yg;rSma&m? oGm;oGm;vmvm? pm;pm; aomuf
aomuf? em;em;aeae? pGefYpGefY,dk,dk tNrJwrf; w&m;ESvkH;oGif;xm;awmhwmyJ/
tarm["mwfcHudk 'DaeYw&m;twGuf jrefrmvdkajymr,fqdk&if rarY"mwfcHaygh/ tarm["mwfcH
tm;aumif;&if rarYawmhbl;/ tNrJwrf; owd&Sdaew,f? Pf&Sdaew,f/ tNrJwrf; owdygaew,f? Pfyg
aew,f/ udk,ftrlt&mjzpfwdkif; owdygw,f? Pfygw,f/ EIwftrlt&jzpfwdkif; owdygw,f/ Pfygw,f/
pdwftrlt&mjzpfwdkif; owdygw,f? Pfygw,f/
owdy|mefav;yg;udk vG,fvG,frSwcf sif&if um,uHjyKvkyfwdkif; owdPfxnhfxm;? 0pDuHajym
qdkwdkif; owdPfwnfhxm;? raemuHBuHpnfwdkif; owdPfxnfhxm;/ tJ'gudk owdy|mefvdkYac:wm/ owd
y|mefav;yg;eJY oabmcsif;uawmh twlwlygyJ/ tmkHay:rlwnfNyD; pum;vkH;uGJoGm;wm/
bk&m;tavmif; olawmfaumif;BuD;awG&JU yxrqkH; "mwfcHokH;rsKd;uawmh tavmb? ta'go?
tarm[?jrefrmvdkqdk&ifawmh ]]r}}okH;vkH;"mwfcHawGyg/ rpGJ"mwfcH? rrkef;"mwfcH? rarh"mwfcH/

'Davmufajym&JUom;eJY bmvdkYqdk;rSef; rodMuwmvJqdkawmh arm[BuD;vGef; rsm;vGef;aevdkYyg/....
..... ..avmbrD;[m wpfcgwav avmifwwfwm? a'gorD;u wpfcgwavavmifwwfwm? arm[rD;u
awmh tNrJwrf;udkyJ avmufNrdKufaeawmhwmygyJ? ae&mwumrSm q&mBuD;0ifvkycf sifaewmu avmbrD;&JU
Page59of121
NOTES:
t&SdefawGyg/ b,f[mudkyJjzpfjzpf tvdkrus rausreyfjzpfaewm[m a'gorD;t&SdefawGyg/........
..... ]]wpfvSnfhpD wpfvSnfhpD avmifaeMuw,f}} vdkYajym&rSmyJ? arm[udavomrD;uawmh 'Dvdkr[kwf
awmhbl;? 'ku ork', eda&m" r* qdkwJh opmav;yg;udk rodrjrifao;wmudku opmudk zkH;vTrf;wwfwJh
t0dZm arm[u avmifaewmygyJ/..........
......avmbrjzpf&if avmbeJYwGJwJh NrJw,fxifatmifvkyfwJh edpom jywwfwJh rdpm'd|drygawmhygbl;/
tJ'Dawmh trSeftwdkif;jrifwJh orm'd|day:vmygw,f/ orm'd|day:vm&if tarm[aygh/ tarm[jzpf&if
tavmb ta'goawGvnf; yg0ifcGifh&MuwmygyJ/ tJ'DawmhrS trSeftwdkif; rNrJwJh tedpudk rNrJwJh tedp
twdkif;jrifvmygw,f/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE\ w&m;b,fvdktm;xkwf&rvJ pm-114)
Page60of121
NOTES:
t&rPypa,m (tmkHowd)
csrf;omudkvdkcsif&if olrsm;twif;rajymygeJ. (tukodkvfjzpfapr,fh tmkHudk vSrf; r,l ygeJ.)
tmHkudk a&Smifp&mrvdk? ESvHk;oGif;wwf&efomvkd\/ tmHkudk a&Smifae&vsif a'gojzpfaevdrfhrnf/ 0dyem\ qefUusifzufjzpf\/
udk,fwdkifvnf; olrsm;twGuf aumif;aomtmHkjzpfatmif ay;zdkUvkd\/ udk,fudk usefwJholawG auseyf&JU vm;qdkonfhar;cGef; rMumcPar;&efvdk\/
pdwf"gwfaumif;vQif tmHkaumif;csnf;jzpf\/
Page61of121
NOTES:
t&rPypa,m (tmkHowd)
csrf;omudkvdkcsif&if olrsm;twif;rajymygeJ. (tukodkvfjzpfapr,fh tmkHudk vSrf; r,l ygeJ.) (v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;)
tmHkudk a&Smifp&mrvdk? ESvHk;oGif;wwf&efomvkd\/ tmHkudk a&Smifae&vsif a'gojzpfaevdrfhrnf/ 0dyem\ qefUusifzufjzpf\/
udk,fwdkifvnf; olrsm;twGuf aumif;aomtmHkjzpfatmif ay;zdkUvkd\/ udk,fudk usefwJholawG auseyf&JU vm;qdkonfhar;cGef; rMumcPar;&efvdk\/
pdwf"gwfaumif;vQif tmHkaumif;csnf;jzpf\/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE)
tm&rR%ypPa,mwd@lyg,weH puQK0dnm%"mwk,m
tqif;tm@kHonf
wHor`,kwWumeOP
"rRmeH
tm&rR%ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
tm@kHowWd_zif
o'Ng,weH
toHtm@kHonf
aomw0dnm%"mwk,m
_um;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif;
wHor`,kwWumeOP
"rRmeH
tm&rR%ypPa,e
tm@kHowWd_zif
ypPa,m?
*E<m,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

teHtm@kHonf
"rRmeH
tm&rR%ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tm@kHowWd_zif
&om,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH
tm&rR%ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
t&omtm@kHonf pm;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tm@kHowWd_zif

azmAm,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tawGhtxdtm@kHonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tm@kHowWd_zif
@lyg,weH o'Ng,weH *E<m,weH
&om,weH
azmAm,weH
raem"mwk,m
wHor`,kwWumeOP
"rRmeH
tm&rR%ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tm@kHowWd_zif aus;Zl;_yKwwfonf_zpf.?
oaA "rRm raem0dnm% "mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

cyfodrf;ukefaomw&m;wdkhonf tm@kHudktxl;odr+oabm(}uHodpdwf)tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom
w7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tm@kHowWd_zif aus;Zl;_yKwwfonf_zpf.?
Page62of121
NOTES:
,H ,H "rRH tm&AB
a,
a,
"rRm
Oy`d
pdwWapwodum "rRm/ aw aw
tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkhudk tm@kH_yKI tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkh_zpfaom pdwf/apowdwf w&m;wdkhonf_zpfjuukef.?
"rRm
awoH
awoH
"rRmeH
tm&rR%ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhonf xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhtm; tm@kHowWd_zif aus;Zl;_yKwwfonf_zpf.?
pdwf apwodufwdkU vma&mufarGUavsmf&m w&m;rsm;udk tmHk[kac:\/

tmHkonf b0ifvIyfjcif;\ taMumif;w&m;jzpf\/ opfudkif;i,fav;xuf iSuftem;NyD; csufcsif;
xjyefouJhodkU jzpf\/ tudkif;vIyfonfh t&dyfonfvnf; iSufxjyefoGm;onfESihf aysmufouJhodkU
apwodufvnf; vdkufcsKyfysuf&\/
tmHk (6) yg;&Sd\/
(1)
ta&miftqif;
(2)
toH
(3)
teHU
(4)
t&om
(5)
tawGUtxd
(6)
tBuHtawG;
(lygHk)
(o'gHk)
(*EmHk)
(&omHk)
(azm|rmHk)
("rmHk) txufyg tmHk (5)yg;rSvGJ useftmHkrsm;udk "rmHk[k
ac:\/
tmHk{nfhonf0ifEkdifonfh cEmudk,f\ oufqkdif&mwHcg;aygufrsm;udk ]]'Gg&}} [kac:\/ xdkUaMumifh
1/
rsufpdwHcg;ayguf
(puK'Gg&)
2/
em;wHcg;ayguf
(aomw'Gg&)
3/
ESmwHcg;ayguf
(Cme'Gg&)
4/
vQmwHcg;ayguf
(Zd0Sm'Gg&)
5/
udk,fwHcg;ayguf
(um,'Gg&)
6/
pdwfwHcg;ayguf
(raem'Gg&)
(a'gufwmrif;wifrGef\ wuodkvftbd"rm pm 57-58)
pdwfonf tmHkrygbJ rnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfacs/ pdwfonftmHkudk&,ljcif; oabmrQomjzpf\/
(u)jrifodpdwf onf tjriftmkHudkrDSjzpf\/

rsufpdoli,ftdrf\ rsufeuf0ef;tv,fwnfhwnfhoef;Oacgif;cefU rrmP&SdwJhae&mwGif puKyom'
tMunfkyfuav; ( sensor)&Sdavonf/ tqif;lygHkrsdK;pHk&JU vma&mufNyD; t&dyfxif&mae&mjzpf
rSeftMunf[k wifpm;ac:a0:avh&Sdygonf/ tqif;tmHkwckcku puKyom'tMunfkyfudk
vmwdkufvdkufonfESifh t&yfpum;eJUajymvsif lygHkwpfckckudk MunfhrdvdkufonfESifh jrifodpdwf
Page63of121
NOTES:
qdkwmav;jzpfay:vmygonf/xdkjrifodpdwfudk trnfay;aomtcg puKyom'udkrSDNyD; jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh
puK0dnmOfpdwf[kay;xm;ygonf/ b,ft&m0wKudkyJMunfhvkdufMunfhvkduf
jrifodpdwfjzpf aeonfomjzpfonf/ ESvHk;oGif;jcif;r&Sdygu
pdwfjzpfay:ay/
MunfhaeayrJhvnf;
pdwfuwjcm;a&mufaeygu
em&Daygif;rsm;pGm MumayrJh
a&SUrSm bmjzpfaeonudk
rjrifEdkifay/ um;pD;vm&if; tawG;rsm;u wjcm;a&mufaeygu bmrQowdrxm;rdyJ udk,fhtdrfudk
ukd,fjyefa&mufrSyJ owd0ifrdaom tjzpfrsdK;yifjzpfygonf/ MunfhayrJh rjrif qdkwm&Sdw,fudk
oufaojyaeygw,f/ jrwfAk'uawmh 'Dae&mrSm owdav;uyfNyD;awmh ]]vuf&Sd}} tajctae (ypKyef)
rSm aezkdUudk qHk;rxm;onf/ tb,fhaMumifh qdkqHk;rxm;onfudk Èd,ypnf;wGif &Sif;vif;wifjy
xm;ygonf/
xdkYtwl a&SUwGifazmfjycJYonfhtwdkif;
(c) Mum;odpdwfonf toHtmkHudkrDSjzpf\/
(*) eHodpdwfonf teHYtmkHudkrSDjzpf\/
(C) &ompdwfonf &omkHudkrSDjzpf\/
(i) tawGUtxdpdwfonf tawGYtxdtmkHudkrSDjzpf\/
Page64of121
NOTES:
(p) awG;BuHodpdwfonf tawG;tmkHudkrSDjzpf\/
a&SUwGifazmfjyxm;ouJhodkY apwodufonf MunfvifaewJh pdwfav;udk ta&mifqkd;ol

jzpf\/
Identifying the mind
tmHkaMumifh pdwfjzpfay:onf/ apwoduf onf pd wfESifhtwljzpfyg\/ oleJUtwljzpfwJh

apwoduf &JU cs,fvS,fcH& obm0ajymif;& jcif;jzpfonf/
raumif;aom apwoduf ta&mifqdk; cH&&if tukodkvfpdwfjzpfrnf/
odkY&mwGif tmHkudk a&Smifp&mrvdk? ESvHk;oGif; wwf&efomvkd\/ tmHkudka&Smifae&vsif
a'gojzpf ae vdrfhrnf/0dyem\ qef Uusifzufjzpf \/
jrif\/
teHU&\/
Mum;\
tawGUtxd
MunfhoifhvQifMunfh/
roifhvsifqufrMunfhESifh
Ioifh I /
qufrIESifh
qufem;axmifoifh&ifawmif
qufra,mifESifh/
tawGUtBuHwdkUudkvnf; xkdenf;yif usifhoHk;&m\/
b,ftmHkudk rqdkoifhawmfaom ESvHk;oGif;vsif (a,medaom redomum&) ukodkvfjzpf\/

b,ftmHk udkrqdk roifhrwifhaom ESvHk;oGif;vQif (ta,medaom redomum&) tukodkvfjzpf\/
udk,fwdkifvnf; olrsm;twGuf aumif;aomtmHkjzpfatmif ay;zdkUvkd\/ udk,fudk usefwJholawG auseyf&JU
vm;qdkonfhar;cGef; rMumcPar;&efvdk\/
pdwf"gwfaumif;vQif tmHkaumif;csnf;jzpf\/ pdwf"gwfaumif;&ef tajccHta&;tBuD;owdxm&rnf/
("r'lwt&SifaqudE\ y|mef; 24 ypnf;toHoGif;w&m;awmf)
armfawmfum; topfqef;jrif vdkcsifygu jrifvdkufaom pdwfuav;udk avmbuta&mifqdk;vkduf

avmbpdwfuav;jzpfoGm;NyD/
remvdkaom apwodufu ta&mifqdk;ygu remvdkpdwfuav;jzpfoGm;NyD/ olUudkysufpD;apcsifonfh
apwoduf ta&mifqdk;vdkufygu olwpfyg;tm;ysufpD;aponfh pdwfuav;jzpfoGm;NyD/
xkdpdwfuav; awGUjzpfoGm;yHkudk owdav;uyfMunfhvkdufygu ESvHk;oGif;jyefrSef oGm;NyD; ukodkvfpdwfjyef
jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
Page65of121
NOTES:
udavompdwfwdkUonf tvGef&SufwwfouJhodkU tMunfhrcHacs/ olUudkMunfhvkdufonfESifh

aysmufoGm;\/ jzpfaeaom tukokdvfpdwfuav;awGonf owdapwodufuyfvkdufonf
b,fa&mufoGm;rSef; rodjzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf/ ylavmifrIrS at;csrf;rIjzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
wu,fawmh jrifvkdufwJh udavom tukodkvfawG jrefjrefodEkdifavav ? ukodkvfjrefjref
jzpfav yifjzpf\/ raumif;omtmHkrS ukokdvfjzpfEkdif\/
(tAsmuwrS ae&mwGif ukodkvfjzpfyHk tukokdvfrS ukokdvfjzpfaeyHkudk aemufykdif;y|mef;rsm;
wGifydkrdk &Sif;jyxm;onfukd awGU&onf/)
aumif;aomtmHk av;jzpfaevsifvnf; xkdenf;vnf;aumif;\/ rdrdukd,fcsD;rGef; auseyfoGm;aom

pdwfuav;udk odaeygu owduyfNyD;aeygu rmeudavom? rdp&d, ac: rdrdwdkU\ atmifjrifovdk
olwyg;udk rjzpfapcsifaom udavomwdkU r0ifaeEkdifawmhacs/ (ukodkvfrS tukokdvfjzpfoGm;EkdifrIUudk
umuG,foGm;EkdifayNyD)
....wu,fawmh vlwdkUonf aumif;aomtmHkrsm;wGifom arGUavsmfonfr[kwf/ raumif;aom

tmHk rsm;wGifvnf; arGUavsmf\/...............
eHvdkufwm[kqkdaomfvnf; aemufwpfBudrf xyfIMunfhvdkufMuao;onf/ udk,fhudkqJae aomw
tmHk raumif;rSef;odaomfvnf; qufvufem;axmif\/ vSnfhxGufroGm;? xkdtcg rmeudavomapowdwf?
a'goudavom apwodufwkdU wyfESifhcsD 0ifvmayawmhrnf/
raumif;aom jrifuGif;qdkvQifvnf; vufz0g;jzifh rsufESmudkumNyD; vufacsmif;uav;rsm;Mum;rS
acsmif;Munfhwwfavonf/
xkdUaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfu ]]puHK acgrm*@d, lyg&mrH? ly&[H
lyorK'dwd}} puKygom'qdkwm kygHkudk tvGefEpS fouf\/ ajcmufvGef;rnfh &efol? ESdyfpufrnfh&efol
vmvQifyif Munfhvdkuf&rS auseyf\ a[mawmfrl\/ useftmHkrsm;vnf;xkdUtwlyif/
(t&SifZeum bd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m; pm 56 udktajccHonf)
b,ftmkHawGvmvm ESvkH;oGif;rSef&efom BudK;pm;yg/

armfawmfum; rjrifbl;yJESifh armfawmfum;udkvcdk sifaom avmbwPSm rjzpfacs/ ,cifu tkwfwdkuf
rjrifbl;awmh tkwfwdkufESifh aecsifaom avmbwPSmrjrifcJhacs/ odkU&mwGif armfawmf um;rjrifbl;csif
vnf;rjzpf ? tkwfwdkufrjzpfbl;csif vnf;rjzpf/ armfawmfum;aMumifh oGm;a&;vma&; tqifajywmudk
tm;vHk;tod? tkwfwdkufESifh ae&aomaumif;usdK;udv
k nf; tm;vHk;tod/ rjrif&atmif vHkYvjyKygu avmb?
a'go wdkUESifh NidpGef;ayrnf/
ta&;BuD;qHk;rSm ESvHk;oGif;rSef&efomjzpfonf/ ESvHk;oGif;rSefuefta&;BuD;yHkudk atmufyg okyfjy
yHkwGifMunfhyg/ okyfjyyHkonf teE&ypnf;udk rSwfrd&vG,fulap&ef/ tcsuftvufrsm;yg0ifEkdif orQ
yg0if&ef xnfhoGif;xm;ygonf/ tm&rPypnf;wGifawmh ESvHk;oGif;rSef&efvdkonfhtcsufudk odom&ef
om xkwfEIwfazmfjyvkdufygonf/ tao;pdwfudk teE&ypnf;wGif qufvufavhvmEkdif ygonf/
avmurSm avmbeJaom reodum&&dSwJhol (pdwfxm;wwfwJhol)awG[m Murf;wrf;wJh b0dkufcsuf

awGudk BuD;rm;wJh pdwfcGeftm;awGtjzpf ajymif;vJypfEdkifMuygw,f/
(t&SifqE"du\ &J&ifholwdkY\ae&m pm-83)
Page66of121
NOTES:
Page67of121
NOTES:
tmHk ("r'lw t&SifaqudE\ r&SdrjzpfpifMu,fjcif;w&m;awmfrS)

rSefwdkif;rSefwdkif;rSm yHk&dyfqdkwm tNrJ&Sdygw,f/
pdwfqdkwm rSefeJUwlawmh tmHkqdkwJh yHk&dyf[m tNrJay:aeygw,f/
MunfhrSefudk at;at;aq;aq; yHk&dyfay:ovdk rdrdpdwfudkvnf; tJ'Dvdk at;at;aq;aq; jzpf
atmif xm;&r,f/ yHk&dyfay:rSm ysm,mcyfrIr&SdygeJU/
uifr&mvdk [dkudkcsdefvdkuf ? 'Dudkcsdefvdkuf ? 'Dvdkav;qdkraumif;bl;/ [dk[mav;qkdraumif;

[dkvdkrS aumif;r,fqdkwm avmb&JU "gwfoabm ysm,mcwfaewJhoabmudkjyygw,f/
MunfhrSefvkdyJ jzwfoGm;wJhyHk&dyfyJwifapwJh at;aq;rIrsdK;eJU rdrd&Jupdwfudk tmHka&mufrvdkufrd

apygeJU/
uifr&mrSefrSmvdk [dkcsdefvdkUay:vm? 'DcsdefvdkUay:vm ? NyD;awmh [dkvdkav;qdkraumif; ? 'Dvdk
av;qdkaumif;r,f? tp&Sdonfjzifh rdrdwdkUpdwfudk tmHk&JU BudK;qGJrIU aemufrygfzdkU ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
rdrdwdkU&Jpdwfudk ysm,mrcyfapygeJU/
pm 39 ? 40
0ifvmwJh tmHkawGudk rESpfoufwJhpdwfeJU aysmufcsifjyef&ifvJ tJ'g[m a'go&JU oabmyg/
rBudKuf&iftwif;z,fxkwfygw,f/ pdwfxJrSm wif;MuyfrIUjzpfvmygw,f/ aumif;wJhtmHkudk
tMumBuD;ay:apcsifjyefvnf; avmbjzpfaeygw,f/
jrifvdkUMunfhwmeJU MunfhvdkUjrifwmrSm jrifvkdU Munfhwmu pdwfysm,mrcyfbl; / pdwfrwif;usyfbl;/
olUtvkdvkd olUoabmolaqmifNyD; a[mwpfck ? a[mwpfckqdkNyD; ay:vdkuf? aysmufvkdufjrpfa&
wJhpdwfudk twif;oGm;NyD; xdef;csKyfzdkU rBudK;pm;ygeJU/ tvkyfrjzpfygbl;/ 'Dpdwfuav;uNidrfcHr,f
rxifvkdufygeJ./
pm (58 ? 59 ? 61)
NrJatmifaumif;atmifvkyf,lw,fqdkwm 0dyem&JU aMumufp&mtaumif;qHk;tE&m,fawGyg
pdwfoGm;csifovdkoGm;? ajy;csifovdkajy;? jrifpdwfjzpf jrpfpdwfjzpfa&w,fvkdUbJ? Mum;pdwfjzpf
ae&if Mum;pdwfjzpfaew,fvdkU vdkufodNyD; vTwfoGm;vkdufrS at;at;aq;aq;jzpfoGm;NyD;olU
taMumif;odoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
pm (104)
twdwfudk pOf;pm;vkdufwJhtcg tmHkawG[mAD'D,dkMunfh&ovdkyHk&dyfawGay:vmw,fr[kwfvm;/

y&d,wdpmayqdk y#dywdusifhwJhtcg Ak'jrwfpGm&JU tvdkuspum;awmf&JU t"dyg,fawGudk trSeftwdkif;od
zdkU wif,l&wJhvkyfief;yg/
pm (180)
Page68of121
NOTES:
pdwfxJrSm&SdwJh udavomawGu olwdkUESpfouf&mtmHkudk yHkazmfay;zdkU awmif;qdkaewJh oabmyg/

twdwfudk yHkazmfovdk ? tem*gwfudkvnf; yHkazmfvdkygw,f/
ra&mufao;wmudk awG;NyD; pdwfrat;awmh ylyefwm a'go&JU yHkazmfrIUawGyg/
pm (180)
udk,frMunfcsifwJh udk,feJU rwJhwJh olwpfOD; rsuEf Smcsif;qdkif vrf;avQmufvmrdawmh olUudkudk,fu

rMunfhyJ avQmufvmw,f/ pdwfxJrSmawmh ]]oleJU eD;vmNyD}} qdkwJh pdwfrsdK;jzpfaew,f/ qufNyD;awmh ydkNyD;
eD;vmNyD; ighem;ujzpfawmhr,fqdkNyD; pdwfxJjzpfaejyefao;w,f/
tJ'Dtcg rdrdpdwfu vrf;avQmufwJh qdDa&mufaewmvm;/ olUqdDfa&mufaewmvm;
udk,fwdkifu a&Smifcsifw,f/ rMunfhcsifayrJh avmb? a'gotp&SdwJh udavom (tukokdvfap
wodwf)awGutmHkudk azmfzdkU awmif;qdkaeMuwm/
olrsm;twif;ajymwm? raumif;aMumif;ajymwm[m tukodkvfjzpfapr,fh tmkHudk vSrf;,lvdkufwm

ygyJ/ 'Dae&mrSm v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU tqkH;trudk azmfjycsifygw,f/
edAmefudkvdkcsif&if olrsm;twif;rajymeJY/
csrf;omudkvdkcsif&if olrsm;twif;rajymeJY/
uav;awGudkawmh udk,fhtjrifeJY rvdrmbl;vdkYajymw,f/ udk,fua&m/
oHo&mb,fupvdkY b,frSmqkH;ygovJ? rodwmpvdkY odvdkYqkH;ygw,f/
(v,fwDq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;)
.... qdkMuygpdkY? kyf&SifwdkY? ZmwfyGJwdkY? AD'D,dkwdkYMunfhzl;MuwJholawGqdk&if ydkNyD;awmY odomEdkifygw,f/

udk,fMunfhaewJhkyf&Sif? 'Dkyf&SifZmwfvrf;? Zmwfvrf;xJu rif;om; rif;orD;awG&JU okyfaqmiftrlt&mawG?
aemuf trnfemr? ae&yf? aqGrsKd;awmfpyfykHawGudk qifjcifMunfhvdkufprf;yg/ 'Dkyf&Sif? 'DZmwfvrf;? 'DjrifwJh
tcdkufrSm awGYae&wJh? odae&wJh Zmwfvrf;? ZmwfuGuf trnfemrawGudk r[kwfbl;vdkY jiif;vdkYr&ygbl;/
[kwfygw,f? 'DZmwfvrf;xJrSmawmh 'Dtwdkif;yJac:Mu ajymMu rSwfom;xm;Mu&rSmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh
.......pOf;pm;Munfhaemf? 'Dkyf&Sif[m jywkef;&dSwmyg/ rjy&if r&Sdawmhygbl;/ jrifwkef;&Sdwmyg/ rjrif&if
r&dSawmh ygbl;/
kyf&SifrS r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if 'DtxJu trlt&mawG trnfemrawG qdkwmvnf; r&SdMuawmhygbl;/
tJ'gawGudku cPrQjzpfwJh oabmudk tMumBuD;vdkYxifwm? okyf[efaqmifjywJhoabmudk tu,ftppf
xifaewmvdkY oabmaygufvdkufyg/
avmurSm tajym? jrifwmrSefw,fvdkY qdk&ayr,fh pdwftxifu rSm;aewmyg/ pdwftxifuom
Mum&SnfpGJNyD; pdwfxJrSm txifwpfv;kH eJY usefcJhayr,fh wu,fhjrifp&m tqif;tmkHawGuawmh csufcsif;qdk
ovdkyJ aysmufuG,faeMuwm[m trSefw&m;awGygyJ/
'gayr,fh udk,fhrSm&dSaewJh pGJvef;csifwJh "mwfeJY ]]igeJYqdkifw,f}}qdkwJh todrSm;aMumifhom udk,fMumMum
wnfaeapcsifoavmuf wnfaewJhoabmyg/ 'guvnf; tppftrSef r[kwfygbl;/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE\ r&SdrjzpfpifMu,fjcif;w&m;awmf pm 47-48)
Page69of121
NOTES:
r[mowdy|mef Xmef okwef tmHk taeESifh av;rsdK;&SdaMumif;cGJjyxm;\/

(1)
kyfcEmudk ]]um,}} qdkwJh tmHktwGif;oGif;,lygr,f/
(2)
a0'em emrfcEmudk ]]a0'em}} qdkwJh oD;jcm;tmHktjzpfowfrSwfxm;ygr,f/
(3)
0dnmPuemrfcEmudk ]]pdwf}} qdkwhJ tmHktjzpfowfrSwfxm;ygr,f/
(4)
usefwJh onmocFg&cEmawGudkawmh "rqdkwJh oabmw&m;tmHktjrif
Mum;vdkufygr,f/
'gaMumifhtmHktIcHtaeeJU
(1)
um,
(2)
a0'em
(3)
pdwm
(4)
"r vdkU (4)rsdK;uGJjym;ygw,f/
'DtmHk (4)rsdK;udk
(1)
owd
(2)
0d&d,
(3)
ynm eJY IyGm;&rSmyg/ odEkdif? jrifEkdif? MunfhEkdif&rSmyg/
tJ'Dtcg
(1)
avmb
(2)
a'go
(3)
arm[ qdkwJh udavomawG uif;oGm; ? avsmhoGm;apygw,f/
tmHk qdkwm "roabmawGyg/ vlyk*dKvfa&;udk ? vly*k dKvfuvkyf,lvkdU&wmrsdK;r[kwfygbl;/

'DvdkrjzpfzdkUuawmh ]]tmHk &JU oabmav;udk aocsmodatmif owd ? Pf ? 0D&d,&SdrSjzpfrSmyg/
w&m;tm;xkwfw,fqdkwm jzpfaewmudk odaew,f/ jzpfatmifvkyfaewmr[kwfbl;/ olUoabmeJU
oljzpfaewmudk odaewm/ rjzpfatmifxdef;csKyfxm;wmvnf; r[kwfbl;/ jzpfaewmudk wnfhwnfhod?
olU[molcsKyfoGm;wmyJ/
(q&mawmf OD;aZmwdu r[mNrdKifawm&) \ udk,fa&;udk,fawG;jrifhrm;ap&ef owdjzifh aewkdifjcif;
q&mawmfpm 136)
Page70of121
NOTES:
t"dywdypa,m (OD;aqmifjcif;owd)
]]qEm0awm uemr urH eodZswd}}
jyif;jyaom tvdkqE&Sdoltm; tb,frnfaom trIUudponfrNyD;rpD;yJ &SdEkdifygtHhenf; ? rkcs{uef
NyD;pD;atmifjrif&rnfomjzpf\/
Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;u qE? 0d&d,? pdwf? ynm(0DrHoH) ? tmHk wdkYonf t"dywdwyf onf

(OD;aqmifEdkifonf ) [k a[mawmfrlygonf/
Page71of121
NOTES:
t"dywdypa,m (OD;aqmifjcif;owd)
t"dywdypPa,mwdqENm"dywd qENor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?
qt}uD;trSL;onf rdrdESifh,SOfukefaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdkhajumifh_zpfukefaom
@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ t}uD;trSL;OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
0D&d,m"dywd 0D&d,or`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

&J&ifhvkHhv tm;xkwfr+t}uD;trSL;onf rdrdESifh,SOfukefaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdkhajumi fh
_zpfukefaom @kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pdwWm"dywd pdwWor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

pdwft}uD;trSL;onf rdrdESifh,SOfukefaom pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ pdwfajumifh_zpfukefaom
@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif; / t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
0DrHom"dywd 0DrHoor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

ynmt}uD;trSL;onf ynmESifh,SOfukefaom (r[mukodkvfpdwfESifh apwoduf) w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ ynmajumifh
_zpfukefaom@kyfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
,H ,H "rRH *@kH uwGm a, a, "rRm
Oy`d pdwWapwodum"rRm/ aw aw "rRm
tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkhudk tm@kH_yKI tjuif tjuifodkhaom w&m;wdkh_zpfaom pdwf/apowdwf w&m;wdkhonf

_zpfjuukef.? xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhonf
awoH awoH "rRmeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

xdk xdkaom w&m;wdkhtm; t}uD;trSL; OD;aqmifr+owWd_zif aus;Zl;_yK.?
Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;u qE? 0d&d,? pdwf? ynm(0DrHoH) ? tmHk wdkYonf t"dywdwyf onf

(OD;aqmifEdkifonf ) [k a[mawmfrlygonf/
,if;wdkYonfvnf; tNrJrjzpfay:acs/ tvGeftm;aumif;rS jzpfay:\/ tvGeftm;jyif;wJhqE?
0D&d,? pdwf? ynm(0drHoH)awG&dSrSom rdrdtwljzpfwJh tjcm;pdwf? apwoduf? kyfrsm;udktkyfpkzGJYNyD; OD;aqmifEdkif
ygw,f (t"dywdxdkufygw,f)/
tm;vkH; wNydKufeufxJ OD;aqmifr&yg/ wpfckOD;aqmifaecsdefwGif usefokH;rsKd;tjcm;? twljzpfaom
pdwf apwodufrsm;uJhodkY aemufvdkufi,fom;omjzpf\/ wdkif;jynfwpfjynf wpfcsdefrSm acgif;aqmif
wpfa,mufom&Sd&ovdkyifjzpf\/
t"dywdypnf; (1) o[Zmwm"dywdESifh (2) t&rPm"dywd[l (2)rsKd;&Sd\/
(1)qE"dywd
(2) 0D&d,m"dywd
(3) pdwm"dywd
(4) 0DrHom"dywd 4rsKd; wdkYonf o[Zmwm"dywdjzpf\/ o[Zmw\ t"dym,frSm twljzpfjcif;?
Page72of121
NOTES:
twl ysufjcif;[l jzpf\/
(5) t&rPm"dywdrSm tmkHaMumifhjzpfvmwJh pdwf apwodufxJrSm wpfckck
t"dywdjzpfjcif; jzpfonf/
qE
apwodufjzpf\/ aumif;aom apwoduf jzpfEkdifouJhodkY raumif;aom apwodufvnf; jzpfEkdif
ojzifh ESpfbuf& apwoduf (yPdPf;apwoduf)[kac:onf/ qEOD;aqmifNyDqkdvQif (qEm"dywdxdkufw,f
qkdvQif) pm;vnf;'Dpdwf? oGm;vnf;'Dpdwf? yef;wdkifra&mufrcsif; bmrqdkvyk frnfqdkaom 0D&d,wdkY
aemufvdkuftjzpfygvm\/ ow0gawGudk oem;vGef;vdkU bk&m;jzpfcsifwJh rGefjrwfwJhqEaMumifh yg&rDawG
urmaygif;rsm;pGm jznfhusifhNyD; bk&m;jzpfvmwmyg/'gaMumifh Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;u
]]qEm0awm uemr urH eodZswd}}

jyif;jyaom tvdkqE&Sdoltm; tb,frnfaom trIUudponfrNyD;rpD;yJ &SdEkdifygtHhenf; ? rkcs{uef
NyD;pD;atmifjrif&rnfomjzpf\/
odk.&mwGif qEonfukodkvfbufrSm&Sdovdk tukodkvfbufrSmvnf;&Sdygw,f/ raumif;aom
qEaMumifh usefwJholrsm;twGuf i&JjzpfchJ& onfh t jzpfrsm; vnf; rsm; pGm&Sd\/
*smrPDBuD;aumif;pm;apcsifw,fqdkwJh [pfwvm&JU qE[m usefwJholrsm;twGuf i&JjzpfcJh
&wm raumif;wJhqEyg/ urmrSm emrnfBuD; olwpfOD;u ESpfaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGmuwnf;u World Trade
Centre BuD;udk AkH;cGJ zsufqD;vdkwJh qEujyif;jyaeNyD; oGm;vJ'Dpdwf pm;vJ'Dpdwf tdyfvJ'Dpdwf tBuHawG
PfeD PfeufaeawG xkwfNyD; taocHusKd;pm;vdkufvdkY olYbufuMunfh&if atmifjrifrIvdkYqdk&wmygyJ/
(t&SifZeu\ yXmef;yp,eda'oygVdawmfESifht&aumuft"dym,f) NAdwdefEdkifiHa[mMum;csuf
bDat trfatbJGY&atmif,lr,fqdkwJh qE"mwfysif;jyaewJh ausmif;om;wpfa,muf[m vdkcsifwJh

qEudka&SUwef;wifNyD; usKd;pm;&ygr,f/ pdwfygvufygvJvkyf&r,f/ A[kokwvJ&SmrSD;&r,f/ 'Dvdkqdk&ifawmh
&&rSmyg/ ]]qE0awm ud Hemr urH eodZswd}} qE&Sd&if b,ft&mrqdk &ygw,f/
(t&SifZeu\ y|mef;yp,eda'oyg|dawmfESifht&aumuf?t"dym,f) NAdwdefEdkifiHa[mMum;csuf
0D&d,
qEuJhodkUyif apwodufjzpf\/ aumif;aom apwodufvnf;jzpfEkdifouJhodkU? raumif;aom
apwodufvnf;jzpfEkdifaom ESpfzuf& apwodufjzpf\/
0D&d,onf twljzpfonfh pdwfapwodufwkdUudk rqkwfepfatmif axmufyHhay;jcif;? wGef;tm;ay;jcif;?
vHkUvjyKjcif;jzpf\/ vHkUv0d&d,&Sdolonf &J&ifh\/ BuHKawGU&onfh'kuudk raMumufr&GHonf;cHEkdif\/
0D&d,onf ysif;&djcif;? idkufrsOf;jcif; [laom xde ? rd' udavomwkdUudk wdkufzsuf\/
bk&m;? &[Em ? yk*dKvfxl;BuD;rsm;? olaX;ol<u,frsm; acgif;aqmifrsm;wdkU\ 0D&d,onf omrmef vlwdkU\
0D&d,ESifh rwlnDMuyg/
0D&d,\ ygVdt"dym,ftrSefrSm ]]&J&ifhjcif;}}jzpf\/ udk,fvkyfaeonfhtvkyf? udk,fvkyfonfhtvkyf\
qefYusifzuf taMumif;w&m;awGudk &J&J&ifh&ifh &ifqdkifEdkifpGrf;&dSwJh oabmudk 0D&d,[kac:\/
(t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&)\ &J&ifholwdkY\ae&m pm-10)
Page73of121
NOTES:
t"dywdxkdufaom 0D&d,&Sdygu (0D&d,OD;aqmifygu) emrf ? kyf wdkUonf armyef;jcif;r&Sdyg/
r[mZeu rif;om;\ aorSvufavQmhrnfqdkaom 0D&d,rsdK;jzpf\/
odkY&mwGif owdr&Sdygu qE"dywd? 0D&d,"dywdaMumifh tqkd;zufodkY a&mufoGm;EdkifaMumif;udk owdjyK
&rnfjzpf\/0dyemw&m;tm;xkwfvsif 0D&d,vGefvsif ysHUvGifhpdwfjzpf\/ 0D&d,enf;vsif ysif;&d\/
0D&d,ESifhywfoufq&mawmfOD;aZmwdu\ Ak'\&ifciG frSmpmtkyf pmrsufESm 27 azmfjyxm;onfrSm
]]udk,fwu,fra&SmifEdkifwJhudpudk &ifrqdkifyJaewmu pdwfudkydkyifyef;apw,f/ pdwfudkydwfavSmifxm;
ovdkjzpfapw,f/ vkyfoifhwmudk owd&dS&Sd&ifqdkifNyD;awmh PfygygeJYvkyfoGm;rSom vGwfvyfNyD;awmh wpfrsKd;
pdwfwnfNidrfoGm;Ekdifw,f/}}
]]0D&d,0awm ud Hemr urH eodZswd}} 0D&d,BuD;rm;vQifvnf; bmrqdkatmifjrifygw,f?
tavmif;awmf Zeurif;om;qdkwm tm;vkH;Mum;zl;ygw,f/ ork'&mtv,fa&mufawmh rkefwdkif;rdum
oabmFarSmufygw,f/ tm;vkH;u rdrdwdkY&JUudk;uG,f&mudk ylaZmfyoMuw,f/ tavmif;awmfav;uawmh
axmywfeJYysm;&nft0pm;? wpfudk,fvkH;axmywfawGokwfvdrf;um &Gufwdkifxdyfay:wuf ckHcsygw,f/
tavmif;awmfav;uawmh ravQmhaomZGJ? xufoefaom0D&d,wdkYjzifh ork'&mxJrSmul;aewm (7)&ufMum
awmh rPdarcvmewforD;u raeEdkifawmhyJ vmq,f&ygw,f/ aemufusawmh rdwdvmjynfBuD;udkvJ
jyefodrf;ydkufEdkifcJhw,f/ 'gu 0D&d,udk t"dywdwwfNyD; usKd;pm;vdkufwJhtwGuf rdwdvmjynfBuD;udk jyefvnf
odrf;ydkufEdkifcJhwmyg/ (r[mZeuZmwfawmf)
pdwm"dywd
pdwfuOD;aqmifjcif;jzpf\/ aumif;aompdwfvnf;jzpfekdif\/ raumif;aom pdwfvnf;jzpf Ekdif\/
avmbpdwfjyif;vQif avmbpdwfu pdwm"dywd wyfoGm;\/ a'gopdwfjyif;vQif a'gopdwfu pdwm"dywd
wyfoGm;\/
tbd"rmw&m; a&wGufxm;aom jzpfEkdifaompdwf (89) rsdK;tm;vHk; t"dywd wufEkdifjcif;awmh
r[kwfyg/ Oyrm arm[acgif;aqmifaom 0dpdudp apwodufcsKyfcs,fcH&xm;aom pdwf(odkUavmodkUavmpdwf)
ESifh O'p udavomapwodufcs,fvS,fcH&aom pdwf a,mifv,fv,fysHUvGifhaeaom pdwfwdkUonf t"dywd
rxkdufvkdufyg/
0DrHom"dywd (ynm"dywd)
apwodufjzpf\/ qEm ? 0D&d, ? pdwfwdkYESifh uGmonfrSm ynmapwoduf onfaumif;aom
ae&mwGifrSmomyg\/ ynmESifhvkyfaom tvk yfrSmaumif; onf csnf;jzpf\/ rdrdvkyfwJhtvkyfaMumifh
kyfemrfawG qif;&J'kua&mufaeovm;? yifyef;aeovm; (pdwfnpfaeovm;) qdkwmawGu ynmoifNyD;
jzpfay:vmvQif 0dyemynmESifh ,SOfaom kyfemrfjzpf\/ bk&m;tavmif; tpGef;ESpfyg; pGefUvTwfNyD; tv,f
tvwfvrf;pOfudk rSefudkusifhoHk;jcif;onf ynmaMumifhjzpf\/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------t&rPt"d yud
]]rsufpdxJuwGufudk rwGufbl;}} ? ]]olUtoHyJMum;Mum;aew,f}} tp&Sdaom pmom;oDcsif;
pmom;rsm;[m tmHk wpfckcku OD;aqmifaew,fqdkwmudk ay:vGifapygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh tmHku
Page74of121
NOTES:
t"dywdwyfjyKygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfudk tmHkjyKNyD; bk&m;&Sdcdk;jcif;? orm"d,laqmifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf
aeyguvnf; tmHku OD;aqmifNyD; 0d&d,eJU vHkUvjyKaejcif;yg/
vSLcJhjcif;? oDvapmifhcJhjcif;? aumif;rIU wpfckckudk jyefNyD;tmHkjyKaevQifvnf; tm&rP"dywdyg/
owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm 31 bHkudk tmHkjyKNyD; (vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om udktmHkjyKNyD;) vSLvQif 31 bHkrS
qufvufusifvnf&ygrnf/ edAmefudk tmHkjyKNyD;vSLvQif edAmefa&muf&ef taxmuftul jyKrnfjzpfyg\/
yifv,fxJ&Sd oabFmwpfpD;onf OD;wnf&mudk rSef; oGm;aeouJhodkU jzpf\/
xkdUtwl uH ? uH\ tusdK;udk,Hk vSLjcif;ESifh omoemywGif uH? uH\tusdK;udk rodyJ (odkU)
r,HkyJvSLjcif;wdkUwGif tusdK;aus;Zl;csif;vnf; uGmjcm;ayrnf/ OD;wnf&m rnfrnf&& r&SdyJ oGm;aeonfh
yifv,fxJrS oabFmwpfpif;\ jzpftifrsdK;ESifhwlaeayvdrhfrnf/
( t&SifqEm"du (yg&rDawm&)\ &J&ifholswdkY\ae&m pm 68-75 rS aumufESwfcsufrsm;)
owd (owdapwodufaMumifhjzpfaewJhpdwf)&JU oabmw&m;u tmkHudkxif&Sm;atmif ykHazmfay;

&w,f/
orm"d (orm"dapwodufaMumifhjzpfaewJYpdwf)u tmkHrSm uyf0ifNyD; wnfaeNyDqdkawmYrS ynmu
tIcHtmkHav;&JU oabmudkodatmif BudK;pm;w,f/
tmkH&JUoabmobm0udk ynmapwodufu odatmiftm;xkwf&w,f/
0D&d,u tJ'Dowd? orm"deJY ynm (3)ckwdkY tvkyfvkyfEdkifzdkY aemufuaewGef;tm;ay;w,f? aemufu
ae ajrmufyifhay;w,f/
a&SUwef;ae&mu owd? orm"d? ynm/ aemufwef;ae&mu 0D&d, ponfjzifh udk,fhae&meJYudk,f
tvkyfvkyfMu&w,f/
0D&d,vGefuJ&if pdwfawGysUYHvGifhoGm;wwfw,f/ owdutmkHudk xif&Sm;atmif ykHazmfray;Edkifbl;/
tJ'Dtcg orm"duvnf; uyfNyD;raeEdkifawmhbl;/ wpfqufwnf; ynmuvnf; oabmobm0odzdkYrSm
b,fvdkrS rwwfEdkifawmhbl;/
tpm&' 0D&d,H O'p, oHowwd
0D&d,vGefuJjyefvsifvnf; ysUHvGifhoGm;wwf\/
twdvD e 0D&d,H aumoZm, oH0wwd
0D&d,avsmhvGef;vsifvnf; ysif;&doGm;wwf\/
aÈig;yg;jzpfaom o'g
0D&d,
owd
Page75of121
NOTES:
orm"d
ynmig;yg;udk nDrQatmif BudK;pm;&ygr,f/
owdye oA w Av0wd 0wd
owd[lonfum; &dSavaumif;av jzpf\/ (owdvdkw,f/ vGefw,f[lr&dS/) ae&mwdkif;ae&mwdkif;?
udpwdkif;udpwdkif;? pdwfwdkif;pdwfwdkif;rSm owdu tvGefyJta&;BuD;pGm vdktyfygonf/
owdu
o'g (Motivation) vGefuJNyD; ynmeJjyef&if MunfndKp&m r[kwfwmawGudk MunfnKdoGm;wwfw,f/
ynmvGefuJNyD; o'geJjyefawmh aumufuspfoGm;wwfw,f/ (tvSLcHcsifpdwfjzpfaewmukodkvf&NyDyJ?
tu,frvSLawmhbl;qdkwm aumufuspfwmaygh)/
pmzwfNyD;odaewmyJ? tm;xkwfp&mrvkyfbl;qdkwmawGvnf; aumufuspfwmygyJ/
owdu 0D&d,eJU orm"dudkvnf; xdef;nday;w,f/
Page76of121
NOTES:
teE&ypnf; (tMum;rJh*kPfowd)
kyfw&m;rsm; a&SUkyfw&m;rsm;rcsKyfcif aemufkyfw&m;rsm; pwifjzpfaeMuNyD; ukodkvfjzpfcsifvsif
reufxJupdwfudk taESmuf,SufrcHbl;/ ,aeYvkyfrnfhtvkyfrsm;rSwpfqifh jzpfay:vmEkdifonfh avmb?
a'go? arm[wdkYcs,fvS,fjcif;udk rcHbl;qdkaom oEdXmefjzifh owdudkp&Howfxm;oifh\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u BuD;yGm;wdk;wufzdkY t*Fg(2)csuf azmfjyxm;wm&Sd\/

(1) rdwfaqGaumif;&Sd&rnf/(2) a,medaom reodum& - rSefrSefuefuefESvkH;oGif; qifjcifwwfrI&Sd&rnf[l jzpf\
Page77of121
NOTES:
teE&yp nf;
(tMum;rJh*kPfowd)
a&SUemrfrS aemufemrfudk rdrdae&mz,fay;NyD; tMum;rvyfr&SdpGm qufwufaus;Zl;jyKaeaom
*kPfowdjzpf\/
(31)bkHrSm usifvnfMu&mwGif bkHawGb,fvdkajymif;ajymif;? pdwf apwoduf emrfw&m;awGu
jzpfwnfysufNyD;aemuf emrfudk vufqifhurf;jcif;jzifh tpOfrjywfapyJ aus;Zl;jyKoGm;jcif;jzpf\/
vufqifhurf; tm;upm;NydKifyGJuJhodkY rdrdajy;vmNyD; aemufvlvufxJodkY vufqifhurf;ypnf;xnfhNyD;rS
om aemufvlqufajy;EdkifouJhodkY a&SUpdwfrygyJ aemufpdwfrjzpfEdkifacs/ a&SUpdwfrysufyJvJ aemufpdwf rjzpf
Edkifacs/kyfESifhuGmjcm;csufrSm kyf"mwfwdkYonf wpfckrysufcifyif aemufwpfckjzpfMu\/ tMum;tvyf
(Space)&Sd\/
pdwfwpfckr&SdrS aemufwpfckjzpfEdkifNyD; wqufwnf;vnf;jzpfMuojzifh tMum;tvyfr&SdyJ kyfw&m;rsm;

uJhodkY tpdkiftcJr&Sd jcif;[k ynm&SiftcsdKhuqdk\/
kyfw&m;rsm; a&SUkyfw&m;rsm;rcsKyfcif aemufkyfw&m;rsm; pwifjzpfaeMuNyD; ukodkvfjzpfcsifvsif
reufxJupdwfudk taESmuf,SufrcHbl;/ ,aeYvkyfrnfhtvkyfrsm;rSwpfqifh jzpfay:vmEkdifonfh avmb?

a'go? arm[wdkYcs,fvS,fjcif;udk rcHbl;qdkaom oEdXmefjzifh owdudkp&Howfxm;oifh\/
ukodkvfESifhpvsif (t&Sdeft[kef ac: aZmaMumifh) ukodkvfqufjzpf&ef "mwfobm0ygoGm;aMumif;udk
teE&ypnf;wGif awGY&Sd&rnfjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif b,favmuft&Sdefrsm;rsm; ukodkvfvkyf&if;? tukodkvfrsm;
vnf; 0ifwwfaMumif;udkvnf; teE&*kPfowdwGif awGY&Sd&rnfjzpf\/
0DxdpdwftpOf ( Mantal Process tpOfw&m;)

b0ifpdwfjzpfay:aepOf 'Gg& (6)yg;teuf wpfyg; tqif; toH teHponfwpfckckaMumifh tmkHudk
vmwdkuf\/ xdktmkHudkodEdkif&ef pdwfwef;pDNyD; (17)Budrf twGJvdkufjzpf&\/ ,if;udk 0Dxd[kac:\/
tbd"rmtajccHtusqkH;rSm0Dxd jzpf\/ 0DxdpdwfjzpfykHudk oAnKwPf&onfh bk&m;&SifrSwyg;
rnfolrS rjrifrodEdkifyg/ b,fpdwfNyD;awmh b,fpdwfjzpfw,fvdkY emrfw&m;rsm;&JUjzpfpOfudk od Edkifa[mEdkifolrSm
oAnKwPfawmfyJ &Sd\/ bk&m;ua[mjyxm; om od&jcif;jzpf\/
0DxdawGudk tpOftwdkif;em;vnfvsif teE&ypnf;a[mykHudk uGuu
f GufuGif;uGif; oabmaygufEkdif
yg onf/
Page78of121
NOTES:
emrfw&m;rsm;onf wpfckysufNyD;rS wpfckjzpfatmif tusKd;jyK\/
kyfw&m;rsm; - teE&ypnf;r&Sd - kyfw&m;awGrSm rcsKyfao;cif wjcm;kyfw&m;rsm;xyfjzpf \f/
(yk&Gufqdwfwef;BuD; jrif&jcif;? arc arvdcua&wG {&m0wDjrpfBuD;tjzpf a&awGtqufrjywf pD;qif;wmudk
jrifawGY&o uJ.odk.yif jzpf\/)
0Dxd (pdwftpOf) 17 csufrSm b0if
- b0rysufatmifqufay;wJhpdwf
(3) csuf
qifjcif
- b0ifjzwfNyD; 'DtmkHav;bmvJvdkYqifjcif
(1) csuf
jrifNyD;vsif
- puK jrifopd dwfcsKyfNyD;wmeJY
(1) csuf
vufcHwkH
- raysmufatmifvufcH
(1) csuf
pkHprf;
- ESpfoufzG,fvm;? rESpfoufzG,fvm;
(1) csuf
qkH;jzwf
- pkHprf;pdwfazsmufNyD;&if qkH;jzwf
(1) csuf
aZmpdwfowf - ESpfoufzG,ftmkHudk cHpm;wJhaZm
(7) csuf
ESpf&yfw'gkH
- t&Sdeft[kefjyif;pGmjzpfaewJh aZmawGcsKyfNyD;oGm;&if yxrtmkHeJY? 'kwd,tmkH
qdkNyD; ESpfckjzpfw,f/ w'gkHqdkonfrSm t&SdefeJYjzpfay:vmwJh aZmpdwfaemufrSm uyfNyD;jzpfvmwJh xdkaZm&JU
tmkHudk qufvufcHpm;wJhpdwfjzpfonf/ (Oyrm- t&omeJYjynfhpkHwJh opfoD;azsmf&nfaomufNyD;&if tJ'Dt&om
udk qufvufcHpm;wJh oabmav;jzpf\/
0Dxd (17)csufrSm ukodkvf? tukodkvf? tAsmuwcGJxm;ykH
a&SU&Spf aemufESpf? tAsmuwjzpf? v,fckESpfrSm uk tAsm rSefpGmjzpfayonf/ b0if qifjcif?
jrifNyD;vQif? xdkYjyif vufcHwkH? pkHprf; qkH;jzwf? aZmpdwfowf? ESpf&yfw'gkH/
[k pdwf(17)csufrSm ukodkvf?
tukodkvf? ukodkvfr[kwf? tukodkvfr[kwf tAsmuwcGJxm;ykHudk vuFmeJY rSwf edlif&ef
aus;Zl;awmf&Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u a&;zGJYay;cJhygonf/
Page79of121
NOTES:
b0ifpdwf
b0ifqdkwmu oN*K[frSm 0dygufpdwfygyJ/ 0Dxdpdwfrsm; rjzpfcif tdrf&SifpdwfvdkY a&S;q&mrsm;u trnf
ay;xm;wJh yxrqkH;jzpfwJh y#doaEpdwfyg/ aemifraorcsif; 0DxdpdwfawG rjzpfcifjzpfaewJhpdwf[m b0ifpdwf
jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Db0ifrSm 0DxdpdwfjzpfcgeD; b0ifvIyfoGm;wmu b0*Fpve/ 0DxdpdwfjzpfcgeD; b0ifjywfay;
&wmu b0*Fkyap' ac:ygw,f/
1/ y#doaE\csKyfNidrf;NyD;vQif b0ifpdwfonf wpfqufwnf;jzpfay:\/ 'kwd,ajrmufpdwfjzpf\/
2/ b0udkapmifha&Smufaom pdwfjzpf\/
3/ y#doaEpdwfu pGJ,lcJhonfh ,cifb0aocgeD;tmHkudkpGJ,l jzpfay:\/
4/ ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuftdyfarmuscsdef ? arhajrmaecsdefrsm;wGif b0ifpd wfonf woGifoGifpD;aeaom
jrpfa&tvsOfyrm Nidrfoufat;aq;pGm wpfckNyD;wpfck qufwpfqufwnf;jzpfay:\/
Oyrm(1) uGefysLwm ydwfxm;aomfvnf; tajccHvdktyfaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;&ef
qufvufvkyfudkif&eftwGuf tDvufxa&mepfynm&yfwGif Clock [kac:aom vQyfppfb0if
touf oGif;&\/ okdUjzpfom uGefysLwmjyefzGifhcsdefwGif &ufpGJrSefjyaejcif;jzpfonf/
(2) rD;t&ifzGifhxm;NyD; xdkrD;rS&&Sdaom vQyfppf"gwfu tmHkcHpepftm; Clock ac: vQyfppfb0iftm;
TV wGif toufoGif;xm;om oif\kyfjrifoHMum; &Drkwf Remote ESdyfvkdufonfESifh TV rS
owdjyKrdNyD; cvkwfzGifhay;jcif;jzpf\/ b0ifpdwfonfvnf; oabmtwdkif;yifjzpf\/
(1) twdwfb0ifpdwf
(2) vIyfb0ifpdwf
(3) jywfb0ifpdwf
(4) qifjcifpdwf
(5) jrifpdwf (
Page80of121
NOTES:
(6) vufcHpdwf
(7) pkHprf;pdwf
(8) qkH;jzwfpdwf
'Dtul;rSm - ukodkvf? tukodkvf? tAsmuw 'DrSmjzpfNyD; ukodkvfpdwfjzpfatmif tmkHcH,l&ygw,f/

ykxkZOf? aomwyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf (ta,medaom reodum&) ESvkH;awGoGif;wwf&if (ta,medaom
reodum&) tukodkvf? bk&m;&[EmawGrSm Bud,maZmawGyJjzpfvdkY tAsmuwyJjzpfw,f/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u BuD;yGm;wdk;wufzdkY t*Fg(2)csuf azmfjyxm;wm&Sd\/

(1) rdwfaqGaumif;&Sd&rnf/
(2) a,medaom reodum& - rSefrSefuefuefESvkH;oGif; qifjcifwwfrI&Sd&rnf[l jzpf\
(a'gufwm t&SifeErmvmb0doH\ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; vufurf;pmtkyfi,f pm-3)
aZm[lonf
t[kefjyif;pGm jzpfay:vmonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aZmrnf\/ xdkYaMumifh tBudrfenf;onfjzpfap
rsm;onfjzpfap t[kefjyif;jyif; wif;wif;xefxef jzpfay:vmaom pdwfudk aZmpdwf[kac:\/ wpfBudrfom
jzpfaomfvnf; wpfBudrfjzpf&avmufatmif t[keft&Sdef &SdMu\/ b0ifpdwfwdkYum; tBudrfrsm;pGm qufum
qufum jzpfygaomfvnf; t[keft&Sdef r&SdMu/ xdkaZmpdwfwdkY\ udpum; tmkH\ t&omudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif
cHpm;jcif;yifwnf;/
y&dwZ0e0Dxd,H umrm0p&Z0emed owuwKH quwKar0 0g Z0Ed/
(tbd"rwo*F[? 0Dxdydkif;? Z0e0g&)
(zm;atmufq&mawmf\ edAmefa&mufaMumif;usifhpOf? 'kwd,wGJ pm-42)
aZm(3)rsKd;
- ukodkvfaZm
- tukodkvfaZm
- tAsmuwaZm
-
Page81of121
&wemokH;yg;tmkHjyKNyD; 'ge? oDv? bm0em? pdw0dyemyGm;r,f? toifhtwifEh SvkH;oGif;r,fqdk&if

ukodkvfaZm/
NOTES:
-
avmb? a'go? arm[cdkif;&if tukodkvfaZm/

ukodkvfvnf;r[kwf? tukodkvfvnf;r[kwfwmudk tAsmuwvdkYac:ygw,f/
aZmuonfvdkr[kwfbl;? vIyfvIyf&G&G? Asmyg& odyf&Sdw,f? aZmawGu 0dygufpdwfawGvdk Nidrfraebl;

qdkygawmh? toHxGufaewJhpdwf[m aZmpdwfawGtrsm;BuD;jzpfaew,f/ aZmpdwfawGaMumifh aZmpdwfawG
vIHaqmfrI[m b,favmufrsm; us,fjyefYowkef;qdkawmh yDyDooyJ? toHoGif;wJh yk*Kdvfrsm;udkvJ &apcsifw,f?
em;axmifaewJh oHCmawmfrsm;? 'um-'umrrsm;udkvJ em;vnfapcsifw,f/
(t&SifZeubd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m;awmf pm-212)
tAsmuw
Page82of121
(1) Bud,mtAsmuw (bk&m;&[EmawG arwmyGm;wJhtcg w&m;a[mwJhtcg ukodkvf

rjzpfygbl;? edAmefudk rsufarSmufjyKNyD;vdkYjzpf\/)
(2) 0dyguftAsmuw (tdyfaysmfaecsdef aumif;wJhpdwfvJrjzpf? raumif;wJhpdwfvnf;rjzpfyJ
at;csrf;NidrfoufaewJhpdwf?
NOTES:
ywraZm/
/ vuf&Sdb0wGif ukodkvf (odkY) tukodkvf tusKd;ay;aponfh pdwftpOfrS pdwfwpfckjzpf\/

aZm ]7}ckwGif yxrqkH;jzpf tm;tao;qkH;jzpf\/ eHomjzihfxkHxm;aom t0wfuav;
onf yxraeYwGif tenf;i,fxkHouJhodkYjzpf\ (tmao0eypa,m) / tusKd;ay;cGifh
'Db0wGif rBuHKcJhvsif aysmufqkH;oGm; ta[moduH[k ac:\/
b0wGif aumif;rIukodkvfrsm;vkyfawmhvnf; tb,faMumifh tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&oenf;/ raumif;wm

vkyfoltcsKdU tb,faMumifh BuD;yGm;csrf;omaeMu&oenf; [kar;vmaomf ,ckb0wGif ywraZmom
tusKd;jyKaomaMumifhjzpf\/ 'kwd,wGif tusKd;tay;qkH;jzpf\/
owraZm/
Page83of121
/ 'kwd,b0wGif ukodkvf (odkY) tukodkvf tusKd;ay;onhf pdwftpOfrS pdwfwpfckjzpf\/

aZm(7)ckwGif aemufqkH;jzpf tm;tBuD;qkH;jzpf\/ eHomjzihfxkHxm;aom t0wfuav;
onf (7)&ufajrmufaeYwGif t&ifaeYrsm;ESifhpmvsif txkHqkH;jzpfouJhodkYyif jzpf\/
(tmao0eypa,m)/ 'kwd,b0wGif tusKd;ay;cGifh rBuHKygu aysmufqkH;oGm;NyD;
ta[moduHjzpfoGm;\/
NOTES:
tv,fig;aZm/ / oHo&mwpfavQmufvkH; tcGifhomvsifomovdk tusKd;ay;oGm;\/
pdwfrysufygESifh t&ifb0uaumif;rIvkyfcJhvdkY 'Db0rSmvlvmjzpfNyD;? wefzdk;&Sdw&m;rsm;em&NyD? aumif;
wmrsm;vkyfcGifhBuKH&NyD/ ,ckb0wpfckxJudkyJcsdef&G,fNyD; BudK;pm;raeMueJY/ aemifb0aumif;pm;zdkYudk OD;pm;ay;yg/
(t&SifZeum bd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m; pm-253)
aemufwpfckrSwf&efrSm &SifrdvdEynmwGif uHESifhywfouf ajzMum;xm;onfhtcsufjzpfonf/

- ausmufwkH;BuD;u tukodkvf? avSu ukodkvf[krSwf,lEdkifonf/
- tukodkvfausmufwkH;ao;ygu wpfzufurf;odkYa&muf&ef avSonf oufawmifhoufom jrefjref
vdk&mc&D;odkYa&mufoGm;Edkifygonf/
- tukodkvfausmufwkH;BuD;ygu avSonf wtdtdjzifhom wpfzufurf;odkY a&mufEdkifayonf/
- tukodkvfausmufwkH;tvGefBuD;ygu avSjrKyfoGm;ayrnf/ ukodkvftusKd;ay;cGifh rBuKHEdkifawmhay/
rdrdESifhygvmaom tukodkvfuHrsm; acgif;iYHkoGm;&ef ukodkvfrsm;rsm;vkyf&efvdk\/
Page84of121
NOTES:
w'gkH[lonf = aZm,lonfh tmkHudk qufvufodaompdwf
woGifoGifatmufodkY pD;qif;aeaom a&t,Ofonf t[kefjyif;pGm txufodq
kY efwuf ckwfarmif;
vmaom avS(oabmF)\ aemufodkYtenf;i,f vdkufygoGm;ouJhodkY xdkYtwl t[kefaumif;aomaZmaemufodkY
ESpfBudrfcefY w'gkHudpwyfvsuf ,if;0dyguf0dnmPfonf vdkufygoGm;&av\/ lyaA'ynm&yf\ tifem;&Sm;
(Inertia)oabmrsdK;jzpf\/
t&Sdefjzifharmif;vmaom um;ay:wGif xdkifaepOf um;kwfw&uf b&dwftkyfvdkufygu um;&yfoGm;
aomfvnf; um;ay:rSvl (odkY) 0wKonf tifem;&Sm;oabm[kYac:onfh qufvufjzpfNrJjzpfvdkonfhoabm
t& a&SUodkYqufoGm;aeykHrsKd;jzpf\/ rSefeSihrf aqmifh rdap&ef cg;ywfywfxm;&Ncif; jzpf\/
t&Sdefowdusefaejcif;
oEmaewH urH emr? e edkZwd oA aom?
o0daooH eda"wGmyd? or,rSd 0dypdwkH/
oEmae-ow0gwdkY oEmef? (oEmefqdkwm kyftpOf emrftpOfvdkYac:w,f?) oEmae-ow0gwdkY
oEmef? {wH urHemr-aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; trsKd;rsKd;zef uH[kac:dk; apwemrsKd;onf? edkZrmeHtaMumif;tm;avsmfpGm csKyfaysmuf&onf&Sdaomf? oAaom-<uif;rJhOkH t&Sdefukefatmif vkH;pkHcyif;rcsef>cif;yJ
e edkZwd-NyD;NyD;aysmufaysmuf taea&mufatmif csKyfaysmufysufpD; tcsnf;ESD; rjzpfacs/
Oyrm - 'D rdb? owdt&Sdef&SdwJh rdb? owdt&Sdefr&SdwJh rdb? 'gudk jrifMurSmaygh? wcsKdUrdbawG
bmowd bmt&SdefrS r&Sdbl;? aooGm;wmyJ? om;orD;awGtay:rSm bmt&SdefrS rusef&pfbl;/ wcsKdUrdbawG
uawmh uG,fvGefomoGm;w,f? t&Sdefusef&pfw,f? olu b,folYom;? olu b,folYorD;eJY tJ'Dt&Sdef
usef&pfw,f/ 'gawmh vlawGem;vnfrmS aygh/ ]][kwfw,f}} usef&pfw,f? wcsKdUrdbawG t&Sdefrusef&pfbl;/
wcsKdUrdbawG t&Sdefusef&pfw,f ]][kwfw,f}}/
(t&SifZeumbd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m; pm 214 urypa,m+0dyguypa,m)
teE&owdESifh/
/ aumif;NyD? owdawGusef&pfw,fqdkawmh tJ'Dowd b,fvdkvdkufvmwkef;qdk&if?
'DpdwfcsKyfoGm;awmh aemufpdwfjzpfjyefawmhvJ 'DpdwfrSm ygvmwmyJ 'DowdawG? 'DowdawGqdkwm[m

udk,fhudk,fukdjyefMunfhprf;yg? igpum;ajymwwfwJh owd&Sdw,f/ igoGm;EdkifwJh owd&Sdw,f/ ig a&mif;Edkif
Page85of121
NOTES:
0,fEkdifwJh owd&Sdw,f ponftm;jzifh udk,fhowdav;awGESifhudk? tJ'Dowdqdkwm taumiftxnfr[kwfbl;/
taumiftxnfr[kwfawmh av;raebl;/ owdawG b,favmufrsm;rsm; av;raebl;/ taumiftxnfrS
r[kwfbJ/ ow0gwdkY cEmtpOfrSm bk&m;avmif;wdkY cEmtpOfrSm pdwfu wpfpdwfNyD; wpfpdwf? wpfpdwfNyD;
wpfpdwf jzpfwdkif;jzpfwdkif; 'DowdawG ul;pufNyD;awmhygvmw,f/ 'gav;em;vnfygaemf? aysmufroGm;ygbl;/
(t&SifZeumbd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m;)
teE&ypnf;u tMum;rvyf oHo&mwpfavQmufvkH; Oyg'f? XD? biftaeeJY qufwdkufoGm;aewmyg/

'gaMumifhrdkY cscsifwJh 0Dxdudk csMunfhyg/ teE&ypnf;ygVdawmf (17)csufrSm 0DxdpdwfawGtm;vkH; 0ifoGm;
ygw,f/ 'gayrJh teE&ypnf;rSm (u) ukodkvfaemifrSm tukodkvfqufrjzpfyg/
(c) tukodkvfaemifrSm ukodkvfqufrjzpfyg qdkwJh (2)csufudkawmh txl;rSwfom;xm;&rSmyg/
Oyed,ypnf;usawmh wpfrsKd;jzpfygw,f/ Oyed,rSm ukodkvfu tukodkvfudk? tukodkvfu
ukodkvfudk aus;Zl;jyKEdkifw,fvdkY a[mxm;ygw,f/
t&ypPa,mwd
1
p=K0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
Page86of121
NOTES:
2

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
aomw0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

_um;odpdwfESifh
"rRmeH
xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
Page87of121
NOTES:
5
Cme0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
Page88of121
NOTES:
8

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
um,0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP


10

"rRmeH
te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?
Page89of121
NOTES:
11

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;(ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhqdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom
ukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
ukodkvfw&m; (ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
12


tAsmuww&m;(w'g@kH)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page90of121
NOTES:
13

tukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

tukodkvfw&m;(tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhqdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
14


_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m;(w'g@kH)tm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page91of121
NOTES:
15


tAsmuwmw&m; (_yKumr#_zpfaomjud,mpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm;tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
16

a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuwmw&m; (_yKumr#_zpfaomtm@kHqkH;_zwfpdwfESifhapwodufrsm;) wdkhonf aemuf aemufY
ukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmufukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhapwoduf)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page92of121
NOTES:
17

tukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e
ypPa,m?
tukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmuf tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhapwoduf)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
18
a,oH a,oH "rRmeH te&m a, a,

tjuif tjuifa&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkh. tjum;rJhY tjuif tjuifaemufaemufY_zpfukefaom
"rRm awoH awoH
pdwf/ apwoduf w&m;wdkhonf_zpfukef.; xdkxdka&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf xdkxdk aemufaemufY _zpfukefaom

w&m;wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
'DygVduawmh aygif;a[mwJh ygVdjzpfygw,f/ a&SUa&SUaom ypnf;w&m;awGu aemufaemufaom

yp,kyefw&m;wdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyKykH ed*kH;csKyftm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlwm jzpfygw,f/ rsufpd? em;?
ESm? vQm? udk,f? pdwfrSm tmkH(6)yg;vmwdkufwJhtcg jrifodpdwf Mum;odpdwf eHodpdwf pm;odpdwf xdodpdwf
awG;awmBuHpnfpdwfay:ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm ukodkvfjzpfvsifjzpf ukodkvfrjzpfvsif tukodkvfjzpfygw,f/
Page93of121
NOTES:
Page94of121
NOTES:
oreE&ypnf;
(txyfr&SdtMum;rJhowd)
pdwfwdkYrSm kyfrsm;uJhodkY (Overlapping) xyfjcif;r&SdyJ wpfck&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; aumif;pGmNyD;oGm;rSom
aemufpdwfwpfckjzpfaMumif;? kyfjzpfysufykHESifh rwlaMumif;udk odapvdk xufrHa[mjyykH
&ygonf/
Page95of121
NOTES:
oreE&yp nf;
(txyfr&SdtMum;rJhowd)
teE&ypnf;ESifh oreE&ypnf;uGmjcm;ykH
oreE& = oH + teE& jzpf\/
]] oH }}\ t"dym,ftrsKd;rsKd;teuf wpfrsKd;rSm ]] aumif;pGm }} [ljzpf\/
]] teE&ypnf; }}u pdwfwpfckESifhwpfck tMum;rvyfyJ wpfqufwnf; jzpfoGm;onfudk Tefjyawmf
rl\/
kyfjzpfysufrIeJY emrfjzpfysufrIrwl
odkY&mwGif kyfwdkYrSmrl jzpfaomkyfu jzpfaeNyD;? ysufaomkyfu ysufaeygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
kyfwpfckysufpD; rNyD;cifrSm aemufkyfwpfcku xyfjzpfaeygonf/ (Overlapping)
pdwfwdkYrSm kyfrsm;uJhodkY (Overlapping) xyfjcif;r&SdyJ wpfck&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; aumif;pGmNyD;oGm;rSom

(Well Overlapping) aemufpdwfwpfckjzpfaMumif;? kyfjzpfysufykHESifh rwlaMumif;udk odapvdk xufrHa[mjyykH
&ygonf/
(q&mBuD; OD;ausmfxGwf\ o'raZmwduy|mef; pm 73-77 udkrSD; t"dym,fazmfygonf)
wpfenf;ajym&&ifawmh teE&ypnf;qdkwm[m tMum;r&SdbJ aus;Zl;jyKw,f? wpfqufwnf;

aus;Zl;jyKw,fvkYd 'DvdktrsKd;rsKd; bmomjyefMuygw,f/ trSefuawmh teE&u r&SdwJhtaeeJYaus;Zl;jyKwmyg/
'Dawmh kyfw&m;rsm; aus;Zl;jyKovdk tMum;&SdNyD; o@mef&SdNyD; aus;Zl;jyKwmvm;qdkwJh jyem[m
emrfw&m;rsm;rSmvJ 0ifvmrSmpdk;vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u oreE&udk xyfNyD;a[mawmfrl&ygw,f/
oH = aumif;pGm + teE& = ae&mz,fay;jcif;/
aumif;pGm&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ae&mz,fay;w,fvkdY qdkvdkygw,f/ 'Dpdwf0DxdawG jzpfykHuawmh
oAnKwPfawmfrSyJ tukeftpif odjrifEdkifygw,f/ aus;Zl;jyKykHcsif;u ygVdawmfrSmMunfh&if teE&eJY
oreE&u xyfwlxyfrQ bmrSrxl;yg/
teE&ypnf;eJY oreE&ypnf; bmxl;vJqdkawmh t"dym,ftaeeJY aus;Zl;jyKykHcsif; bmrSrxl;jcm;yg/
Page96of121
NOTES:
o[Zmwypa,m
(twlwuGjzpfowd)
udavomjzpfvQif tvGefyifyef;\/ rnfonfhudavom tukodkvf apwodufrsm;
vTrf;rdk;rdk; ? vTrf;rdk;cH&NyD qdkvsif tvGefyifyef;\/
<ucsifpdwfjzpfaewmeJU wpfNydKifeufyJ<uzdkU&eftwGuf wGef;tm;ay;rJh kyfawGjzpfvmygw,f/

'gayr,fh 'Dpdwfwpfcsuf ? 'Dkyftm;eJUawmh b,fvdkrS r<uao;ygbl;/ 'Dvdk<ucsifwJhpdwfaygif;
ajrmufrsm;pGm jzpfaeygw,f/ (rsufpdwrSdwftwGif;rSm pdwfaygif;ua#wpfodef;ru jzpfw,fqdkwm
rarhvkdufESifhOD;) tBudrfBudrftqufrjywf jzpfae&ygw,f/
tJ'Dpdwfxm;awGaMumifh <uEkdifzkdUtwGuf kyftm;awGqifhuJqifhuJaus;Zl;jyKNyD;tm; aumif;vm
Muygw,f/ <uEkdifwJh tqifhxJa&mufatmif kyfaygif;rsm;pGm jzpfvm&ygw,f/
tJ'DtcgrSom <ucsifwJhpdwfaMumifh <uwJhkyftrlt,mjzpfvmygw,f/
Page97of121
NOTES:
o[Zmwyp a,m (twlwuGjzpfjcif;owd)
o[ZmwqdkonfrSm twlwuGjzpfjcif;qdkaom t"dym,fjzpf\/ kyfemrfwkdYudk tpk(5)pkcGJ
rnfodkYtwlwuGjzpfonfudk o[Zmwypa,mwGif &Sif;vif;a[mjyxm;\/
a&SUtcef;rsm;wGif pdwfESifh kyf udkazmfjyNyD;jzpf onf/
o[Zmwt"dym,ft& "mwf(4)yg;wdkYonf wpfckjzpfvsif usefav;ckvnf; jzpf&\/
wpfckwnf;jzpf r&yg/
cEmig;yg;
tpktykH (Group) udk ]]cEm}}[kac:onf/ ypnf;rsm;udk pkykHxm;ovdkum;r[kwf/ jzpfNyD;jzpfqJ
jzpfvmrnfh kyfemrfrsm;udk Pfjzifh pkykHxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ kyfESifh emrfwdkYudk Pfjzifh pkykHvQif tpktykH
cEmig;yg;jzpfonf/
atmufygtwdkif; cEmzJGY&onf (1) kyf(28)yg;onf
(2) a0'emapwodufonf
(3) onmapwodufonf
(4) usefapwoduf(50)onf
(5) pdwf (89)yg;onf
=
=
=
=
=
lyuEm ]]kyftpk}}rnf\/
a0'emuEm ]]a0'em}}rnf\/
onmuEm ]]odrIYtpk}}rnf\/
ocFg&uEm ]]vIYHaqmfjyKjyifaomtpk}}rnf\/
0dnmPuEm rnf\/
(1)
kyftpk (lyuEm)
kyfBuD;av;yg; ("mwfBuD;av;yg;) r[kwfaom usefkyfrsm;udk rSDkyf(Oyg'gefkyfrsm;)[kac:\/
kyfawGzGJYpnf;rI ....
yx0D? tmayg? 0ga,m? awaZm [kqdkaom r[mbkwfBuD;av;yg; ("mwfBuD;av;yg;)wdkY csnf;ESifh
&yfwnf r&yg/
ta&miftqif; (0P)? teHY(*E) ? t&om (&o)? tESpf(MoZm) wdkYESifhaygif;NyD; kyfwdkif;rSmygwJh
tXuvmyfkyf tjzpfwnf&Sdygonf/
(2)
a0'em
tpk (a0'euEm)
Ak'w&m;wGif twucHpm;wmr[kwfyg/ a0'emucHpm;wm? aumif;wmqdkvsif a0'emqdkaom
emrnfjzifh cHpm;vdkufNyD;? raumif;wmqdkvsif 'kua0'emtrnfjzifh cHpm;jyef\/ aumif; raumif; rxif&Sm;
onfh tmkHqdkvQif Oyuma0'emESifh cHpm;vdkufjyef\/
Feeling
(t&SifZeum bd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m; pm 458)
(3)
odrItpk (onmuEm)
tmkHESifh y'
\ tpktaygif;jzpf\/
Page98of121
(Sensor) wdkY
xdrdNyD; jzpfvmonfh odaompdwfESifh twljzpfvmonfh apwodufrsm;
NOTES:
(4)
ocFg&uEm
txufyga0'emESifh onmapwodufrSvGJ um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH[k vlodrsm;aom? wenf;
tm;jzifh apwemvIHaqmfrIY tm;vkH;rS jzpfay:vmaom aumif;rIY raumif;rIY apwodufrsm; (50) udk
ocFg&uEm vIHYaqmfjyKjyifaom pdwfudkcs,fvS,faom tpkjzpf\/
(5)
0dnmPuEm
tmkHESifh yom'wdkY xdawGYNyD;jzpfay:vmaom pdwfjzpf\/ Oyrm lygkHESifh puKyom'? puK0dnmPf
jzpf\/
xdk0dnmPfonf tmkHudk cGJjcm;odrIYr&SdaMumif; aumif;pGmodtyf\/ odkHomodaeaom oabm
jzpf\/
jyify(tmkH)ESifh twGif;kyf(yom')awGYvsif pdwfjzpfay:\/ pdwfESifhtwl

apwodufwdkYjzpfayg:\/tmkH0ifvmonfudk cHpm;vdkuf&NyD; odvdkuf&onf/
pwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Oyrm - bk&m;ykHawmf lygkH rsufpdtMunf"mwf (yom'^Sensor)ESifh awGYcJhaomf ykHwpfckqdkonfudk

odumrQaompdwfuav; jzpfay:onfudk cHpm;vdkuf&NyD;? onmu rSwfxm;onfrsm;ESifh csdefxdk;u jrwfpGm
bk&m;ykHawmf [k odvdkuf\/ aumif;aomESvkH;oGif;jcif;jzpfygu aumif;aomapwodufrsm;\ cs,fvS,fcHum
at;csrf;aomukodkvf"mwfudk &&Sdav\/
jzpfpOfwGif xdkcEmig;yg;vkH; olYtvkyfol? udk,fhtvkyfudk,fvkyfoGm;Mu\/ rdrdwdkYudkvnf; cEmig;yg;
ac: emrftpkav;pkESifh kyfwpfpkjzifh zGJYpnf;xm;\/ cEmig;yg;aygif;NyD; yk*Kv
d femrnfay:vmjcif;jzpfonf/
rnfolrqdk tpkig;pkjzifhom zGJYpnf;xm;\/
Page99of121
NOTES:
vSnf;[kqdkvQifvnf;? vSnf;0ifdk;udk ac:wmvm;? r[kwfyg/ vSnf;bD;vm;qdkawmhvnf; r[kwfyg/

vSnf;tdrfvm;qdkawmhvnf; rrSefyg/ tm;vkH;twlwuG&dSaerS vSnf;qdkaom ynwfay:vm\/
um;qdkvQifvnf; um;rSefvm;? um;tif*sifvm;? abmf'Dvm;? bD;vm;? xdkifckHvm;qdkvsif rjynfhpkH

wpfckrSr[kwfyg/ twlwlpkwyfxm;rS om]]um;}}[kac:\/
vltdk;awG? tom;awG? ta&awG? pdwfawG? apwodufawG tp&SdwJh kyftpk&,f? cHpm;rIFY eeling&,f?

odrIY&,f? wkHYjyefcs,fvS,f vIYHaqmfrIYawG&,fqdkwJh ig;pk (cEmig;yg;)twlwuGwnf&SdrS (o[Zmwypa,m)
vl[laom ynwfwnf&SdEdkif\/
emrf emrfjcif ; twlwuGjzpfjcif;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKykH?

yef;uav;wpfyGifhudkjrifNyD; om,mrIYjzpfonfqdkygpdkY/
(1) om,mrIudk cHpm;aewm a0'emapwoduf ac: cHpm;rIY Feelingtpk (a0'euEm)
(2) a0'emat;csrf;om,maeolu pdwf ac: 0dnmOftpk (0dnmuEm)
(3) a0'emat;csrf;om,maewmudk rSwfom;? rSwfwrf;wifvdkufwmu onmtpk (onuEm)
(4) apwemuawmh a0'emav; yef;yGifhudk ESpfoufaerSef;odvdkY qufvufMunfhzdkY wdkufwGef;r,f/
onmudkvnf; rarhravsmhqufvuf rSwfwrf;wifzdkY wdkufwGef;r,f/ tJ'Dtcg pdwfuav;qufjzpf
aeemudk odr,f/
uJhodkY emrftpk(4)pk twlwuG rdwfaqGozG,f twlwuG tvkyfvkyfae jzpfaeMujcif;jzpf\/
Page100of121
NOTES:
oli,fcsif;(4)a,mufrSm &DvG,?f idkvG,f cHpm;vG,faom ]]udka0'em}}u tmkHwpfcktm; ESpfoufvdkuf

wmudk oli,fcsif; ]]udkpdwf}}( ac: ]]udk0dnmPf}})u odvdkufygw,f/
]]udkpdwf}} odvsif olY&JUzGm;zufawmf wjcm;apwodufawGudkvnf; tvdkvdkvdkufodwmrdkY apwoduf
]]udkonm}}uvnf; odod csif;olY0oDtwdkif; jzpforQudk tukefrSwfwrf;wifygawmhonf/
oli,fcsif;]]udkapwem}}uawmh oli,fcsif;]]udka0'em}} 'DtmkHudk qufvufIUaezdkY wdkufwGef;r,f?
]]udkonm}}udkvnf; jzpforQ rSwfwrf;wifzdkY wdkufwGef;aeygw,f/ bmyJvkyfvkyf aumif;wmvkyfvkyf? qdk;wm
vkyfvkyf? oli,fcsif;(4)OD;[m pdwfwludk,fwlae? twlwl udk,fhwm0efudk,f,l aeMuwJh ykHpHrsKd;ygyJ/ olwdkY[m
wpfckeJYwpfckvnf; aus;Zl;jyKaeMuvdkY ]]tnrnypnf;}}rSm jyefygaeygw,f/
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnH o[Zmwya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf tcsif;csif; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
qDrD;OyrmrSwfzdkY&m/ /rD;jcpfqefeJY rD;jcpfykH; xdvdkufwYJtcgrSm rD;awmufay:vmygw,f?

rD;awmufay:vmwmeJYwNydKifeuf ta&miftvif;yg ay:vmygw,f/ rD;awmufeJY taumiftvif; b,f[m
u t&ifjzpfovJqdkawmh twlwlyJjzpfygw,f/ rD;awmufaMumifh ta&miftvif;jzpfovdk ta&miftvif;
aMumifhyJ rD;awmufudk jrif&wmjzpfygw,f/ rD;awmufeJY ta&miftvif;tcsif;csif; o[Zmwypnf;jzifh
aus;Zl;jyKaeMu\/
(t&SifZeu\ yXmef;yp,eda'oygVdawmfESifht&aumuft"dym,f)
rD;awmufxJrSmvnf;
yx0D(j'yf&Sdjcif;oabm)tenf;i,fvnf;ygonf/
,dkpD;jcif;oabm zGYJpnf;onfh"mwf(tmayg)vnf;ygonf/
&ifhusufonf"mwf(awaZm)ESifh
vIyf&Sm;axmufcH onfh"mwf (0ga,m)wdkYjzifh tcsKd; trsdK; rsdK; jzifh pfjcif;jzifh
twlwuGjzaus;Zl;jyKaeMu\/
vrf;avQmuf yHkjzifh Oyrm

ajcvSrf;zdkY
(1)
<ucsifpdwfjzpfvmr,f/
(2)
pdwf[moGm;vdkUwJhtmHkudk jyKaer,f (odkUr[kwf) ajcaxmufudk tmHkjyKaer,f/
(3)
tJ'DtmHkwpfckck&JU t&omudkyJ cHpm;ae&wJh a0'emvnf;BuHK&ifwljzpfaeygw,f/
(4)
onma0'emawGvnf;jzpfaeMuygw,f/
(5)
tJ'Dvdk jzpfaewmeJU wpfNydKifeufyJ<uzdkU&eftwGuf wGef;tm;ay;rJh kyfawGjzpfvmygw,f/
'gayr,fh 'Dpdwfwpfcsuf ? 'Dkyftm;eJUawmh b,fvdkrS r<uao;ygbl;/ 'Dvdk<ucsifwJhpdwfaygif;
ajrmufrsm;pGm jzpfaeygw,f/ (rsufpdwrSdwftwGif;rSm pdwfaygif;ua#wpfodef;ru jzpfw,fqdkwm
rarhvkdufESifhOD;) tBudrfBudrftqufrjywf jzpfae&ygw,f/ ('DeHygwf5 tcsufonf kyfkycf sif; twlwuG
jzpfjcif;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKaeMujcif;jzpf\/
Page101of121
NOTES:
tJ'Dpdwfxm;awGaMumifh <uEkdifzkdUtwGuf kyftm;awGqifhuJqifhuJaus;Zl;jyKNyD;tm; aumif;vm
Muygw,f/ <uEkdifwJh tqifhxJa&mufatmif kyfaygif;rsm;pGm jzpfvm&ygw,f/
(6)
tJ'DtcgrSom <ucsifwJhpdwfaMumifh <uwJhkyftrlt,mjzpfvmygw,f/
owd&JU owdu ukodkvfrSeforQ&JU tajccHtaMumif;tppftrSefygyJ/ owd&SdrS ukodkvfjzpfw,f/
ukodkvfjzpfrS pdwfcsrf;omw,f/ owd&JU tpGrf;owdursm;vGef;vdkUajymrukefEkdifyg/
owd&JU tvkyfuawmh tmHkudktrSwfw&atmufarhw,f owd&JU oabmuawmh pdwfrSm rSDw,f? wGJr,f/
("r'lw t&SifaqudE\ tjrifrSef&zdkU trSefjrifMupdkY - pm 76)
xdkYtwlyif pufkyfwpfkyf ajcvSrf;<uzdkYtwGuf tcsuftvufoef;aygif;rsm;pGmeJY apcdkif;&ygw,f/

vrf;avQmufzdkY trdefYudk Remote Control rSwqifh&onfudk pDrHcefYcGJonfh Chip &JU Central Processing Unit
(CPU)rSwqifh qdkif&m b,fajc? nmajcvSrf;avQmufvQif [efcsufnDatmif vufvTJzdkYtp&Sdaom ,lepftoD;
oD;wdkY TefMum;csuf Information rsm; ydkYvdkuf\/
xdk System Unit toD;oD;rS qdkif&marmfwmrsm; (odkY) yg0g[dkufaj'mvpf,lepfrsm;udk armfwmrnfonfh
t&Sdefjzifhvnfyg? rnfrQMumatmifvnfyg? (odkY) zdtm;t&nfb,favmufay;yg? a&SUodkYrnfrQtuGmta0;
wGef;xkwfNyD; jyefcsyg? tp&Sdonfjzifh TefMum;csuftcsuftvuf axmifaomif; odef;oef;csDay;NyD; tqifhqifh
ay; vkyf&\/
a&SUwGifazmfjyxm;ouJhodkYyif vl? wd&pmefwdkY vrf;avQmufvsifvnf; wpfpuefYwGif uka#wpfodef;
ruaom pdwf? apwem tp&Sdonfh emrfcEmav;yg;\ vIYHaqmfrIYjzifh kyf0wK"mwfrsm;u vdkufvIyf&Sm;&
avonf/ <ujcif;? a&SUodkYwGef;jcif;? jyefcsjcif;? r,drf;,dkifatmif tjcm;ajcwzufrS wrf;ay;jcif;? wpfzufajc
tcs? aemufajc<uapjcif; tp&SdonfwdkYudk olYtydkif;ESifhol aqmif&Guf&\/
([dkufaj'mvpfpepfonf t&nfESifh zdtm;okH;NyD; tvGefav;aom t&mrsm;udkyif vIyf&Sm;apEdkif\/)
Page102of121
NOTES:
omreftayghpm;? rav;onfht&m0wKrsm;twGufrSmrl vQyfppfarmfwmudkom okH;avh&Sd\/
pufkyfwpfkyf\ ajcz0g;vIyf&Sm;rI av;wpfckjzpfEdkifap&ef tqifhqifhwyfqifxm; &ykH?

3
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnH o[Zmwya,e
ya,m?
b0_zpfpc%Y emrf ESifh @kyf wdkhonf tcsif;csif; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pkwdpdwf
(1) vuf&Sdb0\ aemufqHk;pdwfjzpfonf
(2) aocgeD;umv uH ? uredrdwf ? *wdedrdwf tmHkwpfckck0ifvmNyD; ukodkvfpdwf (aZm)
tukodkvfpdwf(aZm)rsm;jzpfNyD; ]]pkwd}} pdwfjzpfay:vm\/
b0ul;yHk
b0ul;yHk rdk;ukwfausmif;wdkufrS t&SifaCmwduu bPf aiGvTJyHkESifh OyrmjyKxm;onf/
(tifwmeuf? ar;vf)rS wqifh rEav;&SdbPfcGJwGif xkwf,l &oGm;NyDjzpf\/ odkU&mwGif &efukefbPfcGJ
wpfckrS rEav;bPfcGJwpfckodkU aiGvTJ&mpuefUydkif;twGif; a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;udpwpfckudk avhvmMunfhyg/
&efukefrS vTJvkdufaom aiGom;rsm;rEav;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;vnf;r[kwf/ &efukefrSvTJvdkufaom
aiGrsm;ESifh rEav;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;aomaiGrsm; qufpyfoufqkdifjcif;r&Sdyg[kvnf; qdkr&acs/
&efukefrS vTJvdkufaom aiGwefzdk; (*kPfowd)a&mufoGm;jcif;omjzpf\/ xkdoabmudk em;vnfygu
uREkfyfwdkUudk 'ku tay;qHk;,HkMunfcsufjzpfonfh 0dnmOfaumif;av;onf rdrdcEmrSxGuf wjcm;trd0rf;wGif;
vkduf&Sm 0ifa&mufjcif;r[kwfyJ rdrdESifhygoGm;onfh ukodkvf? tukodkvfay:rlwnfNyD;b0rS pkawNyD;
csufcsif;BuD; rdrdEiS fhxdkufwefonfhae&m y#doaEwnf &jcif;udk pwifem;vnfEkdifayonf/
b0rS pkawNyD; aemifb0y#doaEwnf&mwGif oabmOyrmukdI vG,fulpGmem;vnf

Ekdifayonf/ cEmudk,fxJrS 0dnmOfav;xGufoGm;NyD; [dkb0twGuf rdcif0rf;xJudk pGyfceJ0ifoGm;jcif;
r[kwfonfudk ,ckacwf eD;eD;pyfpyf &Sdaeonfh Oyrmrsm;t&yif odom&ayonf/
Page103of121
NOTES:
y#doaEpdwf
teE&ypnf;jzifh pkwdpdwfESifh wpfqufwnf; y#doaEpdwfjzpf\/ uHaMumifh rdrd0rf;xJ
yxrqkH;wnf&\/ w&m;awmft& rdbokwfaoG;qdkwm taxmuftyHhyg/ okwfaoG;aMumifh trd0rf;xJrSm
'Dudk,fuav;ay:vm&jcif; r[kwfyg/
(1)
yxrOD;qkH; 0dnmOfpdwf&,f? apwoduf (33)yg;ESifh uHaMumifh&onfh kyfuvmyfpnf; (3)ckESifh
p&\/,if;wdkYonf rdbaoG;om; r[kwfacs/ ,if;rSm y#doaE\ emrfcEmjzpf\/
(t&SifZeum bd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m;awmf pm-277)
(2)
y#doaE\ kyfcEmrSm (u) cEmudk,fjzpfvmaprJh ]]um,}}uvmyfpnf;wpfck?

(c) a,musmF;? rdef;r uGJvmaprJh ]]bm0}}uvmyfpnf;wpfck?
(*) tmkHpdwfjzpfvm&ef jzpfaeaomuvmyfpnf;wpfck?
xdkuvmyfpnf;(3)ckjzpf&\/
xdkkyfw&m;wdkYESifh y#doaEpdwfESifh apwoduf(33)ckwdkYonf b0jzpfwpfcP twljzpfjcif; owdjzifh

aus;Zl;jyKaeMu\/
(t&SifZeum bd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m;awmf pm-278)
pdwWapwodum
"rRm
pdwWorkmemeH
@lygeH o[Zmwya,e
ya,m?
pdwf/ apwodufw&m;wdkhonf pdwfajumifh_zpfaom pdwWZ@kyfwdkhtm; twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
pum;ajymcsifpdwfjzpfvmvsif kyfw&m;av;awG? rmjcif;"mwfuav;awG vIyf&Sm;NyD;

wpfckESifhwpfck wdkufrdNyD; toHxGufjcif;jzpf\/ toHxGuf&awmhvnf; awGY&mtoHrxGuf&yJ
pdwftvdktwdkif; 0dnmOfkyfqdkwm u yJhudkifaeawmh toHay:vmwm/ ajymcsifwmawGudk pDumywfukH;
ajymaejzpfwmyg/
cEmudk,fxJrSm pkNyD;aqmif;NyD;xm;wJh pdwfvnf;r&Sd? apwodufvnf;r&Sd? 0dnmPfqdkwmvnf;
r&Sd/ ajymcsifwJhpdwfaMumifh pdwZkyfawGjzpfw,f/ ]]u}}qdkwJhtoHav;xGufzdkY pdwfawGtrsm;BuD;
jzpf&w,f/vufazsmufwpfcsufwD;rSm pdwfuka#wpfodef;avmujzpfawmh tJh'DpdwfawGaMumifh
uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m&aMumifhjzpfwJh pdwZkyfu acgifrSm&SdwJh "mwfBuD;(4)yg;? t|uvmyfkyf(8)yg;?
kyf(28)yg;wdkY u tvdkufoifh vdkufjzpfay;&onf/
(t&SifZeumbd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m; pm 45 udk udk;um;onf)
Page104of121
pdwf? apwodufw&m;wdkYonf pdwfaMumifhjzpfaomkyf(pdwZkyf)wdkY udkajymif;vJaponf/
NOTES:
a'gormetp&Sdonfh cufxefonfh udavomapwoduf vTrf;rdk;cH&aom pdwfonfyifyef;\/

kyfo@mefudkvnf; ajymif;ap\/
oluighudk rav;rpm;ajymw,f? b,foluawmh ighudk txifrBuD;bl;? ponfjzpfh rmeudavom
apwoduf vTrf;rdk;jcif;cH&NyD; rmejzpfaeygu pdwfonftvGefyifyef;\/
a'go udavomjzpfvQif tvGefyifyef;\/ rnfonfhudavom tukodkvf apwodufrsm;
vTrf;rdk;rdk; ? vTrf;rdk;cH&NyD qdkvsif tvGefyifyef;\/
xdktcgrsKd;wGif tJ'DvdkjzpfaewJhpdwfudk wnfhwnfhMunfhvdkufyg/ rmeudk rme[kodvdkufyg/ a'goudk
a'go[kodvdkufyg/ xdktcg xdkudavom\ cs,fvS,frIrS uif;oGm;NyD; ayghyg;jcif;? pdwfoufom&jcif;?
udk,foufom&jcif; jzpfvdrfhrnf/ xdkaY MumifhypKyefwnfhwnfhIrSwfEdkif&ef tavhtusifhvkyfzdkY tvGef
ta&;BuD;\/
q&mawmfOD;aZmwdu (rm[mNrdKifawm&)\ taysmfqkH;vl pm-90-91
r[mblwm
Oyg'g@lygeH
o[Zmwya,e ya,m?
r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf rSDI_zpfukefaom rSD@kyfwdkhtm; twl_zpfowWd_zifh

aus;Zl;_yK.?
kyfBuD;(4)yg;wdkYonf ,if;wdkYudk rSDjzpfukefaom ]]rSDkyf}}wdkYtm; twljzpfowdjzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfonf

jzpf\/
@lydaem
"rRm
t@lyDeH
"rRmeH
uddumav
o[Zmwya,e
@kyfw&m;wdkhonf emrfw&m;wdkhtm; tcsKdhumv(b0_zpfpc%Y)
ya,m?
twl_zpfowWd_zifh aus;Zl;r_yKacs?
kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkYonf y#doaEtp umvwpfckom twljzpfowdjzifh aus;Zl;jyKNyD;

b0umv aus;Zl;rjyKacs/ eHygwf(3)wGif azmfjyxm;onfudk wpfb0vkH;twGuf[k txifrSm;
t,ltqrSm;oGm;Edkif eHygwf(6)udk xyfrHa[mMum;ykH&\/
Page105of121
NOTES:
tnrnypa,m
(tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKaomowd)
Page106of121
NOTES:
tnrnyp a,m (tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKaomowd)

tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKaeaom oabmjzpf\/ o[ZmwrSm twlwuGjzpfjcif;jzpf\/
tnrnya,mwdpwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnya,e ya,m?
(1)
emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf
tcsif;csif;t_yeftvSef aus;Zl;_yK_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
t"dywdwGif azmfjyxm;cJhaom oli,fcsif; &DvG,f? idkvG,f? cHpm;vG,faom ]]udka0'em}}? tmkHwpfck

ESpfoufrIYudk cHpm;&aomtcg ]]udk0dnmP}}ac:]]udkpdwf}}uodvdkuf\/ xdktcg]]udkonm}}u rSwfwrf;wif
vdkufNyD;? ]]udkapwem}}u ]]udka0'em}}udkqufNyD; ESpfoufzdkY? ]]udkonm}}u qufrSwfzdkY vIYHaqmf\? ponfjzifh
odcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
wu,fawmh xdkpdwf?cEm(4)ckvkH;onf wpfckr&Sdvsif wpfckrjzpfEdkifacs/ pdwfESifh apwodufcGJr&ygacs/
pdwf&Sdwdkif; apwoduf&Sdonfudkvnf; avhvmcJhMuNyD;ygNyD/
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnya,e ya,m?
(2)
r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf tcsif;csif;t_yeftvSef aus;Zl;_yK_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
(1)
rD;awmufwpfckwGif yx0D? tmayg? 0ga,m? awaZm"mwf wpfckckavQmhygu rD;awmufrwnf&Sday/
rD;awmufavmifrIwpfck jzpfyGm;vQifvnf; avmifpm? atmufpD*sif? tyltavmifcHypnf;wdkYvdk\/
,if;wdkYxJrS wpfckz,fxkwfvdkufvsif rD;ravmifEkdifawmhacs/ xdkYaMumifh rD;owform;rsm;u rD;Nidrf;
owf&mwGif tyludka&jzifh z,fxkwfonfukdvnf; awGYzl;ayvdrfhrnf/qyfjymjrKyfuJhodkYaom Foam rsm;udk
yufzsef;jcif;jzifh atmufpD*sifjywfoGm;atmif jyKvkyfonfudkvnf;awGYjrifzl;Muayvdrfhrnf/
(2)
Page107of121
vSnf;? um;wdkYwGif bD;rygu oGm;r&awmhaom oabmrsKd;yifjzpfonf/
NOTES:
jod=a%
(3)
emr@lyH
tnrnya,e ya,m?
b0_zpfpc%Y emrfESifh@kyfwdkhonf tcsif;csif;t_yeftvSef aus;Zl;_yK_cif;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
y#doaEwnfpwGifjzpfaom y#doaEpdwfESifh apwoduf( 33 )yg;? kyfuvmyfpnf;(3)yg;wdkYonf

cGeftm;r&SdMuao;yJ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKaeMu\/ y#doaEwnfpwGif odkYwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
az;rjcif;r&Sdygu y#doaEwnfEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/ (t&SifZeum bd0Ho\ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m; pm 277 udkrSD;ygonf)
Page108of121
NOTES:
ed,ypa,m
(wnf&mrSD&mtjzpf? trSDcHowd)
w&m;"rudk &w,fqdkwJh[m &mEIef;(100)tjynfh? rdwfaumif; aqGaumif;&JU tusKd;jyKrIyJwJh/
rDS&monfta&;BuD;\? qdkvdkonfrSm trSDaumif;zdkY ta&;BuD;onf/ ]]rdwfaqGaumif;qdkwm tm;BuD;wJh

rSD&mtaMumif;wpfckyJ/ Oyed,ypa,mvdkY}} jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/
Page109of121
NOTES:
ed,yp a,m
wnf&mrSD&mtjzpf? trSDcHowdjzifh aus;Zl;jyKjcif;jzpf\/
pwWma&m cE<m t@lydaem tnrnH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

emrftpkav;pkwdkhonf tcsif;csif; t_yeftvSef trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.? (emrftcsif;csif; tjyeftvSeftrSDjyKjcif;)
pwWma&m r[mblwm tnrnH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf t_yeftvSeftrSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.? (kyftcsif;csif;tjyeftvSeftrSDjyKjcif;)
jod=a% emr@lyH tnrnH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

b0_zpfpc%Y emrf ESifh @kyf wdkhonf tcsif;csif; t_yeftvSef trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
(b0jzpfp emrfESifh kyftcsif;csif; tjyeftvSeftrSDjyKjcif;)
pdwWapwodum "rRm pdwWorkmemeH @lygeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

pdwf/ apwoduf w&m;wdkhonf pdwfajumifh_zpfaom @kyfwdkhtm; trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
r[mblwm Oyg'g@lygeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

r[mbkwfav;yg;ac: @kyf}uD;av;yg;wdkhonf ,if;wdkhudk rSDI_zpfukefaom rSD@kyfwdkhtm;
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page110of121
trSDcHowWd_zifh
NOTES:
6
p=m,weH p=K0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

rsufjunf@kyfonf _rifodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
(rsuftMunfkyf("mwf/ Chemical)rS vufcH&&Sdaom tvif;tm; vQyfppf"mwfodkYajymif; OD;aESmufodkY ydkYaqmifay;ykHtm; odyHynm

&Sif;jyxm;ykHtm; txufwGifawGYEdkifonf/)
aomw,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

em;tjunf@kyfonf jum;odpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;
trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
(em;tMunfkyfonf avxktwGif;wkefcgrItm; OD;aESmufodkYydkYaqmifNyD; OD;aESmufrS toHtoGifjzifh ajymif;vJvdkufykHudk odyHynmwGifvnf;

txufygtwdkif;&Sif;vif;xm;onfudk awGYEdkifonf/)
Page111of121
NOTES:
Cme,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

ESmtjunf@kyfonf eHodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
(ESmtMunfkyfonf teHY"mwftm; vQyfppf"mwftoGif Nerve Impulseajymif; OD;aESmufodkY ydkYaqmifay;ykHudk odyHynmwGifvnf;

txufygtwdkif;&Sif;vif;xm;onfudk awGYEdkifonf/)
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

v#mtjunf@kyfonf 7omodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
(vQmtMunfkyfonf t&omudk OD;aESmufodkY vQyfppf"mwf Electrical Impulse taejzifh ydkYaqmifay;ykHudk odyHynm&yfwGif &Sif;vif;xm;ykH)
Page112of121
NOTES:
10
um,m,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e ya,m?

udk,ftjunf@kyfonf xdodpdwftm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
udk,ftMunfkyfrS txdtawGYtmkHudk OD;aESmufodkY ydkYaqmifay;ykHudk odyHynm&yfwGif &Sif;vif;xm;ykH
11
,H @lyH ed\m, raem"mwk

tjuif@kyf
p raem0dnm%"mwk p 0wW/d wH @lyH
udk trSD_yKI odumr#oabm "mwf (tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwf)
wdkhonfvnf;aumif;/ tm@kHudk txl;odaom"mwf (}uHodpdwf tawG;)wdkhonfvnf;aumif; _zpfay:ukef.? xdk@kyfonf
raem"mwk,m p raem0dnm%"mwk,m p
tm@kHqif_cifpdwfESifh tm@kHvufcHpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/ tm@kHudktxl;odaom }uHodpdwfwdkhtm;vnf;aumif;/
wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH ed\,ya,e
ya,m?
xdkpdwfwdkhESifh ,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
Page113of121
NOTES:
pdwfjzpf&mae&m
pdwf0ifpm;&ef aumif;aomtcsufwpfcku y|mef;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u [',0wKqdkwJh emrnfESifh
a[mMum;cJhonfr[kwfyg/ tMuifkyfwpfck (,HlyH= a certain material)udk trSDjyK raem0dnmOf(tmkHqifjcif
pdwf? tmkHvufcHpdwfESifh raem0dnmP"mwk BuHodpdwfwdkY jzpfay:\vdkYyJ qdkxm;ygonf/
a'gufwmpdefvif;(cGJpdwfESifhuifqmyg&*l)\ e,om*& y|mef;w&m;awmf pm-118? 119
[',ESvkH;qdkNyD;awmhvnf; ESvkH;twGif;rSm&SdwJhaoG;udkrSDNyD; BuHodpdwf(awG;pdwf)jzpfw,fvdkY ynm&Sif

wpfcsKdUu ,lqbmomjyefMuygonf/ vlao raoudk ESvkH;cke&f yf r&yfESifh csdefqprf;oyfonfrdkY pdwf[mESvkH;
rSm&Sdw,fvdkY ,lqolrsm;&Sdygonf/ wpfcsKdUuvnf; aoG;rSm&SdwmvdkY ,lqMu\/
odyHynmrSmu tmkHaMumawGonf OD;aESmufom tqkH;owfojzifh pdwf[m OD;aESmufrSmjzpfonf[k
,lqMu\/ OD;aESmufaoaeaom vlemrsm; b0ifpdwfuawmh &Sdaeao;onfjzpf 4if;onf rSefonf[k
ajymEdkif&ef rjzpfjyefyg/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]tMuifkyfwpfckudk trSDjyK jzpfaompdwfrsm;}}vdkYomokH;NyD; ESvkH;rSmwnf&Sdw,f (odkY)
OD;aESmufrSmwnf&Sdw,fvdkY xl;xl;jcm;jcm; cGJjcm;NyD; a[mxm;onfudk rawGY&Sd&yg/
,if;wdkYudk arwm&Sif(a&Tjynfom)q&mawmf\ r*fwm; zdkvfwm; tE&m,frsm; w&m;awmf pmrsufESm

129? 133 wdkY atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/
]]um,yom' tMunfkyfonf qHyif? ajconf;? vufonf; ponfwdkYuvGJ wpfudk,fvkH; ysHUESHY
wnf&Sdaeojzifh pdwf[mwpfudk,fvkH;ysHUESHYaeonf/ ESvkH;aoG;onf pdwfrSmtjzpfrsm;ayonf/ OD;aESmufrSmvnf;
xdkufoavmufjzpfygonf}} [kqdkxm;ygonf/
pufkyfenf;ynmwGif Munfhvsifvnf; rsufpu
d ifr&mwGif xifvmaomt&dyfrsm;onf vQyfppf Signal
tcsuftvufrsm;tjzpfay:vm\ toH Sensor wGif0ifvmaom toHrsm;onfvnf; vQyfppf Signal tcsuf
tvufrsm;tjzpfay:vm\/ tawGYtxdudk odatmifvkyfaom ae&mrsm; awGYxdygu Signal ay:vm\/
,ckacwf vufudkifzkef;rsm;wGifokH;aom Touch Screen rsm;wGif vufESifhxdygu tylvdkif;udk
tmkHcHNyD; vQyfppf Signal jzpfay:vm\/ odkY&mwGif xdktmkHrsm;rS ay:vmaom Signal tcsuftvufrsm;udk
CPU ac: Central Processing Unit wGufcsufum? CPU rSyif TefMum;csufrsm;jyKvkyf\/
Page114of121
NOTES:
rDS&monfta&;BuD;\? qdkvdkonfrSm trSDaumif;zdkY ta&;BuD;onf/ ]]rdwfaqGaumif;qdkwm tm;BuD;wJh

rSD&mtaMumif;wpfckyJ/ Oyed,ypa,mvdkY}} jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/ tm;BuD;wJhrSD&mwpfckyJ/
(a'gufwm t&SifeErmvmb0doH\ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; pm 19 )
teE&ypnf;tcef;wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u BuD;yGm;wdk;wufzdkYtwGuf t*Fg(2)csuf

azmfjyxm;wm&Sdygw,f/ avmuoHo&mESpfjzmBuD;yGm;a&;twGuf (1) rdwfaqGaumif;&Sd&r,f?
(2) a,medaomreodum&? rSefrSefuefuefESvkH;oGif; qifjcif&rnf[k a[mxm;ygw,f/
(a'gufwm t&SifeErmvmb0doH )
rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;&JUwefzdk;
rdwfaumif;? aqGaumif;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh oH,kwedum,f? okwefwpfckrSm t&SiftmeEm
rax&fjrwfu pOf;pm;Munfhw,f/ t&SiftmeEm pOf;pm;ykHu avmuvlawG pOf;pm;ykHeJYwlw,f/ avmuvlawG
pOf;pm;wm b,fvdkpOf;pm;vJqdk&if - at; Y Y Y Y q&morm;uvnf;oifwmyJ/ ]]a[m'D jA[p&d, jrwfaomtusifh usifhEdkifzdkY? edAmefcsrf;omudk rsufarSmufjyKzdkYqdkwJhudprSm uvsmPrdwqdkwJh rdwfaumif;
aqGaumif;[m wpf0ufavmuf tusKd;jyKEkdifygw,fwJh/ bk&m;udkavQmufw,f? (50)yJ? &mcdkifEIef;tjynfh
r[kwfbl;? &mEIef;(50)/ q&morm;awGuoifay;w,f/ &mEIef;(50)? igudk,fwdkifBudK;pm;wmu &mEIef;(50)wJh?
t&SiftmeEmu tJ'DvdkavQmufawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;urdefYw,f ]] tmeEm tJ'DvkdrajymeJY }}wJh }}
]] tJ'DvdkajymwmrrSefbl;? r[kwfbl;}}wJh? w&m;"rudk &w,fqdkwJh[m &mEIef;(100)tjynfh? rdwfaumif;
aqGaumif;&JU tusKd;jyKrIyJwJh/
(a'gufwm t&SifeErmvmb0doH\ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; pm 14? 15 )
t&Sifom&dykw&mqdkwmuawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;NyD;&if Pfynm txufqkH;yk*Kdvf? oljrifwmu

jrwfpGmbk&m;jrifovdkyJ jrifw,f/ avmuvlom;awGvkd rjrifbl;/ ]]jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhzdkY w&m;xl;
w&m;jrwf&zdkYqdkwJhae&mrSm uvsmPrdw[m vkH;0&mEIe;f jynfh tusKd;jyKygw,fbk&m;}}vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
avQmufawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]rSefw,f}}vdkY 'Dvdkajymwm okwef(2)ck &Sdw,f/
tckacwfrSmtajymrsm;Muonfh olYOD;av;u olYtpfudkuawmh b,fukrPDrSm? b,fXmerSm vlBuD;qdk
awmh olutvkyfaumif;aumif; &oGm;w,f? qdkwmrsKd;/ [dkvleJYodvdkY? 'DvleJYodvdkY oluawmh yvmpwm&SdvdkY
tqifajyoGm;w,f? tp&Sdonfjzifh ajymavh&SdMu\/
rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl w&m;onf? rw&m;onf tyxm; xdkyk*Kdvfonf olwpfyg;rdwfaqG\ t&Sdef
MoZmudkrSD omrefxufydk a&SUa&mufjcif;? ]]wm}}oGm;jcif; jzpfonfudk jiif;r&ay/ onfrSmvnf;
obm0w&m;omjzpf\/
jrefrmpum;]]enf;emed,}}cH,lw,fqdkwmudk awG;Munfvsif enf;ynmudkvnf; q&mxHrS oif,l
jcif;? q&mY*kPf&Sdefudk rSD&mtjzpf,ljcif; t"dym,frsKd;jzifh pwiftokH;jyKcJhovm;[k awG;p&mjzpf\/
Page115of121
NOTES:
csrf;omaomrdbrS arG;zGm;vmolwdkYonf olrsm;xuf ydkrdkBuD;rm;zdkY tajccHaumif;rsm;&Sdxm;ESifhouJh
odkYyifjzpf\/ ynmudk tajccHNyD; BuD;yGm;olwdkYvnf; rsm;pGm&Sd\/ urmhtcsrf;omqkH; Bill Gate onf urmay:
wGif trsm;qkH;okH;aeonfh Window Software udk wDxGifBuHqrI Pfudk ajcukwf,ljyD; ? tajccHNyD;
csrf;omvmjcif;jzpfonf/
Page116of121
NOTES:
Oyed,ypa,m
(tm;BuD;aom wnf&mrSD&mowd ? tm;BuD;aom trSDcHowd)
aumufEIwfcsufrsm;
ukodkvfvkyfvsif ukodkvf&ovdk? tukodkvfvkyfvsif tukodkvfjzpfovdk? ukodkvfvkyf&if;eJYvnf; tukodkvf? tukodkvfvkyf&if;jzifh
ukodkvf......tp&Sdonf jzifh jzpfoGm; Edkif \ /
Page117of121
NOTES:
Oyed,yp a,m
(tm;BuD;aom wnf&mrSD&mowd ? tm;BuD;aom trSDcHowd)
teElyed, tm&rPyed, yuwlyed,
-
aemufpdwfjzpfzdkYtwGuf a&S;pdwu
f dk tm;BuD;aomtrSDtjzpfESifh aus;Zl;jyK&ygw,f/
tmkHudk tm;BuD;aomrSD&mjzpfpdwfrsm;? apwodufrsm;? aZmrsm;jzpfay:aeMu\/
yifudk,fobm0 tm;BuD;aomw&m;[kqdkonfrSm pdwf? apwoduf? kyf? ynwfwdkY
jzpf\/ oAnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdktm;BuD;aom rSD&mw&m;(3)rsKd;wdkYudkNcHK
wNydKifeuf a[mawmfrl\/
(a'gufwmrif;vSatmifBuD;\ vlwdkif;twGufjrwfy|mef;a'oemawmf pm-176?177)
ukodkvfvkyfvsif ukodkvf&ovdk? tukodkvfvkyfvsif tukodkvfjzpfovdk? ukodkvfvkyf&if;eJYvnf;

tukodkvfjzpfEdkif\/ tukodkvfvkyf&if;jzifh ukodkvfjzpfoGm;aom oabmwdkYudk rdrdvuf&Sdvkyfaeaom tvkyfudk
tm;BuD;aom rDS&mtjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifykH? aumif;wmvkyfaeonfjzpfap? raumif;wmvkyfrdaeonfjzpfap?
ESvkH;oGif;rSefygu aumif;rIYjzpfapjcif;\ BuD;rm;aom wnf&mrSD&mjzpfEdkifykHudk Oyed,ypa,mwGif
a[mMum;xm;ygonf/
Oyed\,ya,mwduk - uk
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Oyrm - o'gqdkaom aumif;aomapwoduf ukodkvfw&m;onf ulnDjcif;? vIjcif;? oDvbm0em

yGm;rsm;jcif;? bk&m;ausmif;uef wHwm;aqmufvkyfjcif; tp&Sdonfh aumif;rIYukodkvfw&m; jzpfapa&;twGuf
tm;BuD;aomtrSDcHjzpf\/
uk-tuk
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH auod Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aomtrSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Oyrm - ukodkvfjyKvkyfpOf ighvdkb,folrS rvIEdkifygbl;qdkwJh rme? olrsm;awGu ighvdk pGefYBuJay;urf;

jcif;r&Sdygbl;qdkwJh rmeawGjzpfvm&if ukodkvfudk tajcaumif;aumif;jyKNyD; tukodkvfawGjzpfaejcif; jzpf\/
ukodkvfvkyf&myif udk,fhudkulnDaeolawGudk pdwfwdkif;rusjyefawmh a'gotukodkvf? igay;aewmeJY
rwif;wdrfEdkifbl; xyfvdkcsifaeao;w,fqdkwJh a'gotukodkvf? aemifb0rSm bmBuD;jzpf&ygvdk\qdkwJh
avmbtukodkvfawGjzpfEdkifwmudk owdjyKMu&rnfjzpf\/
uk - Asm
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tAsmuwmeHH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom ukodkvf w&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom
Page118of121
NOTES:
Oyrm (1) - oHCmawmft&SifjrwfwdkYudk tdrfrSmqGrf;auR;aomtcg vI&ef xD;? zdeyf? aq;rsm;
0,fMu\/ apwemtjynfhjzifh aumif;Edk;&m&m [if;rsm;a&G;cs,fpDrHMu\/ pdwfuaqmifNyD; udk,fu oGufvuf
csrf;om&onfrSm ukodkvfvnf;r[kwf? tukodkvfvnf;r[kwfaom tAsmuwjzpfjcif; jzpfouJhodkY? tvINyD;vdkY
vlyef;oGm;wmvnf; tAsmuwyifjzpf\/
Oyrm (2) - a&S;uaumif;rIuHaMumifh ,ckaumif;wmjrif&? aumif;wmMum;&jcif;onf ukodkvfudk
rSD tAsmuwjzpfjcif;jzpf\/
tuk tuk
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom
Oyrm - avmbaMumifh olrsm;ypnf;cdk;jcif;? olrsm;toufowfjcif;? rkom;pum;ajymjcif;?

ukef;wdkufjcif;? Murf;wrf;aompum;qdkjcif;wdkYonf tukodkvfudk BuD;rm;aom rSD&mjzifh tukodkvfrsm;ydk
jzpffaejcif;rsKd;jzpf\/
tuk-uk
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH auod Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aomtrSDcHowWd_zifh
aus;Zl;_yK.?
Oyrm - trSm;vkyfrdNyD; oem;aomtcg? aemifw&aomtcg a&SUqufvdrmoGm;Mujcif;? vI'gersm;

jyKjcif;? pdk;&drfpdwfaMumifh aumif;rIukodkvfoDvrsm; aqmufwnfMujcif;wdkYrSm tukodkvfudk BuD;rm;aom
wnf&mrSD&mtjzpfjzifh ukodkvfjzpfoGm;Mujcif;rsKd;jzpf\/
tuk-Asm
yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tAsmuw w&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom
Oyrm (1) - a'goaMumifh kyfyifyef;oGm;jcif;? olrsm;utoufowfzdkY vkH;yef;NyD; kyfyifyef;jcif;

wdkYonfvnf;aumif;?
Oyrm (2) - a&S;uraumif;rIYuHaMumifh aeYpOfESifhtrQ raumif;wmjrif&? raumif;wmMum;&jcif;
wdkYonfvnf;aumif;?
tukodkvfudk BuD;rm;pGmrSD tAsmuww&m;rsm;jzpfaejcif;jzpf\/
Asm-Asm
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuww&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tAsmuww&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom
Oyrm (1) - vrf;avQmufjcif;? awmifwufjcif;? a&ul;jcif;? tm;upm;vkyfjcif;rsm;onf udk,fum,

usef;rma&;twGuf tm;BuD;aomtrSDcHrsm; jzpfayonf/
Page119of121
NOTES:
Oyrm (2) - yifyef;qif;&JpGm Opm&SmazGNyD; aumif;rGefpGm? at;csrf;pGmae&jcif;rSm tAsmuww&m;
udkrSD tAsmuww&m;jzpfaejcif;yifjzpf\/
Asm-uk
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH ukovmeH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuww&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom ukodkvfw&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom
csrf;csrf;omomESifh oufawmifhoufomaeMuolrsm;onf vI'gef;ay;urf;jcif;rsm; tvG,fwuljyKvkyf

Ekdifjcif;? ulnDEdkifjcif;? Aircond cef;xJaeNyD; pdwfat;csrf;pGm w&m;"rpmayavhvmEdkifjcif;? w&m;bm0em
tm;xkwfEdkifjcif;wdkYonf tAsmuww&m;rsm;udk trSDjyK ukodkvfw&m;rsm;jzpfaejcif;jzpf\/
Asm -
yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH tukovmeH "rRmeH Oyed\,ya,e ypPa,m?
tuk
a&S; a&S;Y_zpfukefaom tAsmuww&m;wdkhonf aemuf aemufY_zpfukefaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkhtm; tm;}uD;aom

Oyrm (1) - ae&xdkif&qif;&Jaomtcg (odkY) tqifrajyaomtcg wpfyg;oltay:tjypfwifrdjcif;?

taetxdkifcsrf;omolwdkYudk remvdkjzpfjcif;? Murf;wrf;aom pum;udkqdkrdjcif;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;?
Oyrm (2) - udk,fqif;&JOpmr&Sdaomtcg cdk;,lMu\/ ,if;onf tAsmuww&m;udkrSD tukodkvf
jzpfjcif;jzpf\/
Owk abmZer`d Oyed\,ya,e ya,m?
OwkESifh tpm;tpmonfvnf; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
&moDOwkaumif;rS pdkufysKd;a&;aumif;rGefjcif;? pD;yGm;a&;aumif;rGefjcif; vlwdkpY dwfcsrf;om udk,fcsrf;om

ae&jcif;wdkYjzpfEdkifonfudkawmh txl;&Sif;jy&efvdkrnf r[kwfacs/
xdkYtwl tpm;tpmonf ow0gwdkY touf&Sifaexkdifa&;twGuf BuD;rm;aom wnfrSD&mjzpfaeonf
udkvnf; tus,fw0ifha&;om;&ef vdkrnfr[kwfacs/ abmZOfqdkaom tpm;tpmaMumifh w&m;xl;&EdkifwJh
om"ursm; "ry'ZmwfxJrS xkwfjy &Edkifonf/
ykavmyd Oyed\,ya,e ya,m?
yk*~Kdvfonfvnf; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
a&SUtcef; ed,ypnf;wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY Ak'jrwfpGmu &SiftmeEmudk olawmfaumif;ESifh

aygif;&vQif ukodkvf[m wpf0ufrubl;? tukef&w,f? tvkH;pkHtjynfht0 tusKd;udpNyD;ajrmufygw,f[k
rdefYawmfrl\/
,ckacwf ukrPDvlBuD;ESifhod?Xmeqdkif&mtBuD;tuJESifhod? ae&maumif;&oGm;ol? tvkyftudkif
tqifajyMuolrsm;onf yk*Kdvfudk tm;BuD;aom trSDtjzpf tokH;csjzpf\/
raumif;aomyk*Kdvfudk rSDrdvsifvnf; 'kua&mufEdkifojzifh r*FvokwfrSm]]vlrdkufudkraygif;azmfeJY}}
]]ynm&Sdudk qnf;uyfaygif;oif;yg}}[k jrwfAk'bk&m;&Sifu TefMum;xm;jcif;jzpf\/ rdb? q&morm;?
Page120of121
NOTES:
aqGrsKd;om;jcif;? taqGcifyGef;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYtm; BuD;rsm;aomtrSDcHjzifh aus;Zl;jyKaeMu\/
aoemoer`d Oyed\,ya,e ya,m?
tdrf/ ausmif;/ tdyf,m/ ae&mwdkhonfvnf; tm;}uD;aom trSDcHowWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?
tyltat;rQwwJh taqmuftOD? tdrf? ausmif;awG[m bm0emw&m;yGm;rsm;zdkY taxmuftuljyK

ygonf/ awmxJ w&m;&SmolwdkYyif tumtuG,faumif;rnfh? av0ifavxGufaumif;rnfh *lrsm;? vIdif*lrsm;
udk a&G;Mu\/
onfrSmaumif;onfhzufa&muf&ef trSDjzpfouJhodkY tdrfaumif;? ,maumif;rSmaeNyD; ZdrfcH?
raumif;aom umr*kPfrsm; ,pfrl;ygu raumif;onfhzufa&muf&ef BuD;rm;onfh trSDw&m;jzpfEdkifonfudk
Tefjyxm;ygonf/
rQ BuD;rm;onfh trSDw&m;jzpfonfh taqmuftOD;? tdrf? ausmif;? tdyf,mwdk.udkvI'gef;ygu
wyg;olwdk.twGuf BuD;rm;onfh taxmuftyhH jzpfEdkifonf/
ausmif;aqmufvIjcif;onf t&mtm;vkH;udk vIjcif;ESifhwl\/
(t&SifqEm"du(yg&rDawm&)\ ]]ausmif;aqmufvIjcif;onf t&mtm;vkH;udkvIjcif;rnf\}}w&m;awmfrS)
rSwfrdvG,fulap&ef
1. uk - uk
2. uk - tuk
3. uk - Asm
4. tuk - tuk
5. tuk - uk
6. tuk - Asm
7. Asm - Asm
8. Asm - uk
9. Asm - tuk
Page121of121
[krSwfom;Mu\/

ပ႒ာန္း ၂၄ ပစၥည္း

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ပ႒ာန္း ၂၄ ပစၥည္း

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NOTES:

rmwdumrQudkom azmfjyaomtydkif;wGif (2)ydkif; jyefcJG\/

rSwfpkonf (1) rmwdumrQudkom azmfjyaomtydkif;udk avhvmxm;csuf a[mjyxm;csufrsm;ay:

a[wkypPa,mwda[wl a[wkor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH a[wkypPa,e ypPa,m?

tm&rR%ypPa,mwd@lyg,weH puQK0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

o'Ng,weH aomw0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

*E<m,weH Cme0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

eHodpdwf ((eHod "gw f) tm;vnf;aumif;

&om,weH Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

azmAm,weH um,0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

xdodpdwf (xdod"gwf) tm;vnf;aumif; xdkpdwfESif,SOfukefaom apwodufw7m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;

@lyg,weH o'Ng,weH *E<m,weH &om,weH azmAm,weH raem"mwk,m

wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

oaA "rRm raem0dnm% "mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

aw aw "rRm awoH awoH "rRmeH tm&rR%ypPa,e ypPa,m?

t"dywdypPa,mwdqENm"dywd qENor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

0D&d,m"dywd 0D&d,or`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

pdwWm"dywd pdwWor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

0DrHom"dywd 0DrHoor`,kwWumeH "rRmeH wHorkmemeOP @lygeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

,H ,H "rRH *@kH uwGm a, a, "rRm

Oy`d pdwWapwodum"rRm/ aw aw "rRm

awoH awoH "rRmeH t"dywdypPa,e ypPa,m?

t&ypPa,mwdp=K0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

aomw0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf tm@kHvufcHpdwftm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkpdwfESifh,SOfukefaom

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

Cme0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

"rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

Zd0Sm0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

um,0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

"rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP

apwodufw&m;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

ukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e

ukodkvfw&m; (ukodkvfpdwfaZmESifh qdkif&mapwodufrsm;)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

tukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

tAsmuwmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

ukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

yk&drm yk&drm tAsmuwm "rRm ydrmeH ydrmeH

tukovmeH "rRmeH te&ypPa,e

tukodkvfw&m; (yxra_rmuf tukodkvfpdwfaZmESifhapwoduf)wdkhtm; tjum;;rJhwpfqufwnf;owWd_zifh aus;Zl;_yK.?

"rRm Oy`d pdwWapwodum "rRm/ aw aw

"rRm awoH awoH

pdwf/ apwoduf w&m;wdkhonf_zpfukef.; xdkxdka&S;a&S;Y_zpfukefaom w&m;wdkhonf xdkxdk aemufaemufY _zpfukefaom

"rRmeH te&ypPa,e ypPa,m?

ore&ya,mwdp=K0dnm%"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem"mwk,m wHor`,kwWume

raem"mwk wHor`,kwWum p "rRm raem0dnm%"mwk,m wHor`,kwWumeOP