Module CAD I

Building Construction I Module S0655
Science and Technology Faculty Majoring Civil

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1

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

AutoCAD is an acronym for Automatic Computer Aided Design. This software was first
introduced in 1982 with the name MicroCAD, by Autodesk.
AutoCAD program is a vector-based tool, so that this technique allows any modeling that
was created to be minimized and the larger picture and will not affect the resulting picture
quality.

1.1 AutoCAD Purpose
With AutoCAD software image processing techniques become increasingly easy as
drawing on:
Image building
Figure interior
Images engine
Figure electrical components
Etc.

1.2 Running AutoCAD
To run AutoCAD, there are several ways:
How to I: Double-click the AutoCAD icon on the desktop display

1.1
Figure 1.1 Icon AutoCAD

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Second way: Click Start - All Programs - Autodesk - AutoCAD 2008

Figure 1.2 Enabling the Start button

1.3 Worksheet Display
The first time you open the AutoCAD window will appear black as a worksheet, as
shown below.

Figure 1.3 Figure Work Space AutoCAD

1.3.1 Startup
To display the Startup dialog box, can be done as follows:
Type Command : Startup then type <1>
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Go over the program AutoCAD 2008, it will appear as a startup dialog box
below

Figure 1.4 Figure Startup Dialog Box.

1.3.2 Drawing Area
Drawing Area or areas of an image that is the place to make design drawings.
Drawing area can be arranged in accordance with what we want, how to
change the view in the following manner:
Click the Menu Bar Tool, will exit the drop-down display menus
Select Menu Option
Click the Display tab
Select Color menu, will appear
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Figure 1.5 Image Display AutoCAD

Click on Window Color Element, it will come out the color options, select
the appropriate color is according to you.
1.4 Tool Bar
Facilities toolbar can be activated by right clicking on the Draw toolbar at the left of
the worksheet, to exit the drop-down menu, then select the desired toolbar. Tool bar
that is often used is usually the Standard Toolbar, Properties, Draw, Dimension, and
Modify.
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Figure 1.6 Enabling Tool Bar with drop-down menu.

1.5 Command Window
Command Window is located on the Status Bar, has a function as:
Command line is used to give orders in writing
Command History Window contains the previous command.

Figure 1.7 Command Window

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1.6 Drafting Settings

Object Snap
Snap objects can appear by pressing F3 and F11 keys. Object Snap is used to
facilitate the appointment of a particular point in the picture. Object functions
Snap as follows:
Endpoint: The end of the line
Midpoint: The midpoint of the line
Center: The center of a curved line
Node: Point-point
Quadrant: The point on the angle 0, 90, 180, and 270
Intersection: the intersection point of the meeting or
Insertion: The point of the image object placement
Perpendicular Point perpendicular
Tangent: The point of tangency curve
Nearest: Nearest Point
Apparent: the meeting point of two object snap
Quick: The first point found
None: Point Using Osnap

Grid
Used to display the points with a certain distance on the worksheet, can be
activated by pressing the F7 key.

Snap
Used to automatically bookmark at grid points that have been determined, can
be activated by pressing the F11 key.

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CHAPTER 2
2D AUTOCAD DRAWING

2.4 Coordinate System

Coordinate system in AutoCAD is often used in engineering drawings. Coordinate
system used in the drawing with AutoCAD consists of three coordinate systems are:
Kartesian coordinate system
Coordinate system relative
Polar coordinate system

2.4.1. Kartesian Coordinate System
Coordinate system kartesian / rectangular coordinate system that uses two line
segment / horizontal and vertical axes. Horizontal axis (horizontal) is called
the X-axis, while vertical axis (vertical) is called the axis Y. These two axes
intersect at the point (0,0); the point of intersection is used as a starting point /
origin. Given point A has coordinates X = 2, and Y = 2, then the kartesian
coordinates (X, Y) (2,2), point B (4.4), point C (-2, -2), point D (3, -1).

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Figure 2.1 Coordinate System Kartesian

2.4.2. Relative Coordinate System
Relative coordinate system is a coordinate system that measures the distance
from a certain point. Relative coordinate system is always preceded by the
sign @. In Figure 2.1. where the point when viewed from the relative
coordinate system as follows.
Location of point B is @ 2.2 to point A
Location of point A is @ -2, -2 to point B

2.4.3. Polar Coordinate System
This coordinate system using the scale of the horizontal angle. Example of a
long line 2 has an angle of 30 . Command to make these lines as follows: @ 2
<30.
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Figure 2.2 Example of Polar Coordinate System

2.2 Drawing Commands
Facilities in AutoCAD drawing commands found on the Draw group icon, this toolbar
appears automatically on the left side when worksheet opened AutoCAD program.

Figure 2.3 Draw Toolbar

2.4.1. Line (L)
Line command is used to make straight lines
Example: a straight line with an angle of 30
Command: L
Type: @ 5 < 30
b

Figure 2.4 Creating a straight line with an angle of 30

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2.4.2. Polyline (PL)
Polyline command is used to create each serial line, and form a single object.
To close to the starting point by a line type c (close). To change the line
formed by Polyline into separate segments is to use the explode command.
2.4.3. Rectangle (REC)
This command is used to create a picture box or a rectangle
Example: a box with dimensions of 2 x 4, the length of X = 2, length Y = 4
Command: REC
(left click on the worksheet)
Type: @ 2.4
2
/

Figure 2.5 Creating a box with dimensions of 2 x 4
2.4.4. Circle (C)
This command is used to make a circle. Circle command consists of 6
commands are:
Center, Radius
Center, Diameter
2 Points
3 Points
Tan, Tan, Radius
Tan, Tan, Tan

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Example:
To create a circle of radius 5
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 5
|
b

Figure 2.6 Creating a circle with a radius of 5
To create a circle with a diameter of 6
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: d
Specify diameter of circle: 6
0

Figure 2.7 Creating a circle with a diameter of 6

To create a circle of 2 Point
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:
(click on point A)
Specify second end point of circle's diameter:
(click point B)
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t
3

Figure 2.8 Creating a circle of 2 Point

To create a circle from 3 points
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3p
Specify first point on circle:
(click on point A)
Specify second point on circle:
(click point B)
Specify third point on circle:
(click on point C)
t
3
C

Figure 2.9 Creating a circle from 3 points
To create a circle of tangent 2 fruit and with a radius of 2.
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: TTR
Specify point on object for first Tangent of circle:
(click on the line A)
Specify point on object for second Tangent of circle:
(click the line B)
Specify radius of circle: 2
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t
3

Figure 2.10 Creating a circle of 2 pieces tangent

To create a circle of 3 fruit tangent
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan
radius)]: _3p Specify first point on circle: _tan to
(click on the line A)
Specify second point on circle: _tan to
(click the line B)
Specify third point on circle: _tan to
(click line C)

t
3
C

Figure 2.11 Creating a circle of 3 fruit tangent

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2.4.5. Arc (A)
Arc command is used to create a curved line with a variety of forms. Arc
Commands consist of:
3 Points
Start, Center, End
Start, Center, Angle
Start, Center, Length
Start, End, Angle]
Start, End, direction
Start, End, Radius
Center, Start, End
Center, Start, Angle
Center, Start, Length
Continue

Commands are often used is the start arc center angle
Example: Create an arc with a radius of 10 with an angle of 60
Command: A
Specify the start point of arc or [Center]:
(click left on the worksheet)
Specify second point of arc or [Center / End]: c
Specify center point of arc: @ 10 < 180
Specify end point of arc or [Angle / chord Length]: a
Specify included angle: 60
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|

Figure 2.12 Creating an arc with a radius of 10 with an angle of 60

2.4.6. Polygon (POL)
Polygon command is used to create images of irregular polygons. Three ways
to make a polygon, namely:
Create a polygon within the circular frame of radius 10
Command: POL
Enter number of sides <4>: 5
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle / Circumscribed about circle] <I>: I
|
0

Figure 2.13 Creating a polygon in the circle
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Make a frame polygon outside a circle with a radius of 10
Command: POL
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle / Circumscribed about circle] <C>: c
|
0

Figure 2.14 Creating a polygon outside the circle

Create a polygon with 10 sides
Command: POL
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e
Specify first endpoint of edge:
Specify second endpoint of edge: 10

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0

Figure 2:15 Creating polygon with 10 sides

2.4.7. Ellipse (EL)
1.2 Ellipse is used to make Elipse. There are two ways to create the elipse with
Axis End and center.
Example:
Create Ellipse from the center with 8 major axis and minor axis 2
Command: Ellipse
Specify axis endpoint of Ellipse or [Arc / Center]: c
Specify center of Ellipse:
Specify endpoint of axis: @ 8.0 Specify distance to other axis or
[Rotation]: 2
8
2

Figure 2.16 Create Ellipse from the center with

Create Ellipse with axis end with a diameter of 6 major axis and minor
axis 2
Command: Ellipse
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Specify axis endpoint of Ellipse or [Arc / Center]:
Specify other endpoint of axis: @ 6.0
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 2
2

Figure 2.17 Creating axis Ellipse with end with
6 major axis diameter and minor axis 2

2.4.8. Text (T)
Is the command to make the text in the worksheet.
1|UU |0|1 2

Figure 2.18 Example Text

2.3 Modifications
1.3 Erase (E)
Erase command is used to delete the worksheet

1.4 . Copy (CO)
This command is used to duplicate an object in the worksheet

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Figure 2.19 Command Copy
1.5 Mirror (MI)
Usability mirror is to reflect an object, so that the identical form with the
original object.

Figure 2.20 Command Mirror
1.6 Offset (O)
Uses offset is to make a line parallel to the line early, with a certain distance.

Figure 2.21 Command Offset
1.7 Array (AR)
This command is used to multiply an object and set the distance the object at
the same time that it has doubled.
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Figure 2.22 Object Before Array

Figure 2.23 Object After Array

1.8 Move (M)
Move command is used to move an object from one place to another within
the same worksheet.

1.9 Scale (SC)
This command is used to create an object into a small or large according to the
scale provided

1.10 Rotate (RO)
Rotate command is used to rotate the position of objects on the worksheet.

1.11 Stretch (S)
This command is almost identical with the scale command, this command I
only used for lengthening or shortening of an object

1.12 Trim (TR)
Trim command is used to eliminate or to cut an extra line.
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1.13 Extend (EX)
This command is used to extend the line towards the target object.

1.14 Break (BR)
Break command is used to break the line or object on two points.

1.15 Join (J)
This command is used to combine two separate objects into a single object.
Provided that the combined object is on a single line of coordinates, should not
be distorted and different positions.

1.16 Chamfer (CHA)
This command is used to make lines on the corner
1.17 Fillet (F)
This command is similar to chamfer command, the difference is that this
command generates a curved line on the corner of an object.

1.18 Explode (X)
Explode used to create an object into segments separate.

2.4 Dimension
Dimension is the provision of information for an object the size of the image. Toolbar
dimension can be activated by right clicking on the Draw toolbar, then came the drop-
down menu, and give the check to the writing dimension, the toolbar automatically
appears on the screen dimension.

2.4.1. Linear Dimension
Used to list the long dimension of elongated straight line.

2.4.2. Aligned Dimension
Used to list the long dimension of the field or sloped lines.
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Figure 2.24 Inclusion of Linear Dimension
and Aligned Dimension
2.4.3. Arc Length
Used to include an arc length dimension.

Figure 2.25 Inclusion of Dimension Using the Arc Length

2.4.4. Ordinate
Used to list the abscissa and ordinate of a point.

2.4.5. Angular Dimension
Used to list the size of an angle between two lines or areas.

Figure 2.26 Inclusion of angular Dimension

2.4.6. Dimension Continue
Used to make the size of a few pieces of line or continuous fields, with a
continuous clicking on a line or area measured.
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2.4.7. Diameter Dimension
Used to include the diameter of a circle or an arc (arc).

Figure 2.27 Inclusion Diameter Dimension

2.4.8. Radius Dimension
Used to include the radius of a circle or an arc (arc).

Figure 2.28 Inclusion on the dimension radius Bow

2.4.9. Jogged
Give information on the object circle or arc

Figure 2.29 Inclusion Jogged Dimension

2.4.10. Baseline Dimension
If you want to make the size of two lines or areas which are not the same side
by side, measure the length of the first and the second will be collated and
separated, the distance between the first and second measure of the value
being entered is determined at Baseline Spacing box.
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2.4.11. Center Mark
Signaled to the center circle or an arc.

2.4.12. Set the format size
To adjust the size of the format can be done by clicking on the Dimension
Style Icon (D), after it emerged the following box.

Figure 2.30 The dialog box Dimension Style Manager

Inside this box we can change the dimension that we want by clicking on the
Modify menu, after it will look like this dialog box.

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Figure 2.31 The dialog box Modify Dimension Style

Within this dialog box you can adjust the size of lines, arrows, text, and others.

Figure 2:32 Description Dimension Style

Text diatur oleh text style, text height,
decimal diatur dengan primary units
Jarak angka ke garis ukuran, diatur pada
table text, offset from dim line.
Pada table lines and arrows aturlah
extended beyond dim line
Tanda batas ukuran memakai arrow
head

Jarak garis ukuran ke objek diatur pada
offset from origin

Center marks for circle, besarnya diatur
pada pada kotak size
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Or by typing the following command:

Command: DIMTXT
Enter new value for DIMTXT <0.1800>: 1

Command: DIMASZ
Enter new value for DIMASZ <0.1800>: 1

Command: DIMEXO
Enter new value for DIMEXO <0.0625>: 2

Command: DIMEXE
Enter new value for DIMEXE <0.1800>: 0.5

2.5 Layer
Every part of the image can be made in the form of a separate layer, so as to facilitate
in making very complex designs. We can activate the Layer Properties Manager by:
Clicking on the Layer Properties Manager

Click the New Layer button (Alt + N), then the new line will appear.
Type the name of the layer, ending with a comma if you want to add a list of layer
names.
To lock the layer can be done by clicking on the padlock icon.
To raise or turn off the layer can be by clicking on the icon lamp.
If your screen does not participate in the editing of images can be clicked Freeze
signs.
To change the color click the Color box.

2.6 Hatch and Gradient
Hatch and Gradient command is used to create shading or to fill the field with color.
To be mengarsir be conducted by:
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Click the button or H, then the dialog box will appear like this.type the
command Hatch

Figure 2.23 The dialog box Hatch and Gradient
Select the desired pattern, to create types of shading can click on the box next
to the box pattern (see dots in the figure).
After hatching in the select, there are two options that can be used, namely:
Pick Points, how to select the fields that will be shaded by clicking the
middle of the field, with the proviso that each closed area so that the
shading does not leak out of the field.
Select Object, this way by selecting the desired object by clicking the
line-forming field.
To be able to use the same shading options can be selected Inherit Properties
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2.7 Block and Insert Block

Block is a collection of objects stored images with a certain name, which can be used
at another drawing. Suppose you have to draw the door, drawing the door can be used
in designing the house plans, without having to make a picture on the door again.
How to create a Block:
Click the icon or type B, will be out Block Definition dialog box.the command
block
Then click the select object.
Then click on the desired object, then press enter
Click the Pick Point button to set the base point of the object, after which the
object will be saved.

To bring back the object stored in the block by using the Insert Block command, then
input the name of block you want displayed and press the ok button, then the location
where you want to be a block.

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CHAPTER 3
EXERCISES

Exercise I:
Draw using the command line!

Exercise II:
Draw a picture below using the command line!

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Exercise III:
Draw a picture below using Polyline command!

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Exercise IV:
Draw a picture below using Rectangle, Circle, and Ellipse!

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Exercise V:
Draw a picture below using the Polygon command, circle, and arc!

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Exercise VI:
Draw a picture below using the command line and the Arc!

Exercise VII:
Draw a picture below using the Modify command, Line, Circle, and Polygon!

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Exercise VIII:
Draw a plan of the house below!

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Exercise IX:
Draw the foundation stone detail below!

Exercise X:
Draw detail below door!

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Exercise XI:
Draw detail below window!

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CHAPTER 4
Printing IMAGES

Printing the image is in the final process of making pictures.
The way to make printing images:
Click the File menu, select the plot or press Ctrl + P.
Then a dialogue box will appear like the picture below.

Figure 4.1. Plot dialog box

In the box plots, select Plotter or printer you want to use.
Then set the paper used (Paper size), the desired scale (Plot Scale), and the object to
be printed (Plot Area).
If you've finished set, click the preview image to be printed, to avoid mistakes.
If you're sure to print, click Ok.

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