Mastering Core 40 Biology

Mastering the Biology Core 40
Student Edition
A GLENCOE PROGRAM
BIOLOGY: THE DYNAMICS OF LIFE

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Contents
TO
THE
STUDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv ......................1 ......................2 ......................3 ......................4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 7 8 9
CHAPTER 1 BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 3 COMMUNITIES AND BIOMES . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 4 POPULATION BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 5 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION CHAPTER 6 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 7 A VIEW OF THE CELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 8 CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND THE CELL CYCLE CHAPTER 9 ENERGY IN A CELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 10 MENDEL AND MEIOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 25 CHAPTER 26 CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 28 CHAPTER 29 CHAPTER 30 CHAPTER 31 CHAPTER 32 CHAPTER 33 CHAPTER 34 CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER 35 36 37 38 39
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
DNA AND GENES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PATTERNS OF HEREDITY AND HUMAN GENETICS . . . . . . . . GENETIC TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE HISTORY OF LIFE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRIMATE EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ORGANIZING LIFES DIVERSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIRUSES AND BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FUNGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHAT IS A PLANT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE DIVERSITY OF PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHAT IS AN ANIMAL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPONGES, CNIDARIANS, FLATWORMS, AND ROUNDWORMS . MOLLUSKS AND SEGMENTED WORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ARTHROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECHINODERMS AND INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES . . . . . . . . . FISHES AND AMPHIBIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REPTILES AND BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANIMAL BEHAVIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTECTION, SUPPORT, AND LOCOMOTION . . . THE DIGESTIVE AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS . . . THE NERVOUS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RESPIRATION, CIRCULATION, AND EXCRETION . REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . IMMUNITY FROM DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
Introduction to the Student

Welcome to Mastering Core 40 Biology
This workbook is designed to strengthen your knowledge of the Indiana Biology Academic Standards and provide additional chapter content review of your Glencoe textbook, Biology: The Dynamics of Life. For each chapter in the Glencoe textbook, Biology: The Dynamics of Life, two pages of chapter review questions have been provided. These questions are designed to test your comprehension of chapter content and provide you with practice for your test-taking skills. All of the questions are in a multiple-choice format and have been modeled after the Biology End-of-Course Test. Your teacher will provide you with copies of an answer sheet to use when answering the questions provided for each chapter of your textbook. To keep track of your answers, you should always fill in the chapter number for the set of review questions you are answering. Every chapter has between eight and eleven review questions, so not every row of answer bubbles will always be used. Remember, this workbook should not be used as an alternative to reviewing the material in your textbook. This workbook will be of greatest advantage to you when used as a refresher after you have reviewed each chapter in the textbook. Your teacher should decide how this workbook could best be used to strengthen your skills and overall knowledge of chemistry.
iv
INTRODUCTION
MASTERING CORE 40 BIOLOGY
Chapter 1
Name
Date
Class
is affected 1 An organismfollowing? by interactions with which of the
would you 5 Which of the following toolsquestion 4? need to carry out the experiment in
A B C D
Other organisms of the same species Other organisms of different species The natural environment All of the above
A B C D
Thermometer Metric balance Graduated cylinder All of the above
of organisms that can interbreed 2 A group fertile offspring is called a(n) and produce
6 A scientist performs a series of experiments to confirm an idea regarding cellular metabolism.
A B C D
family. species. organization. community.
3 Inside theashuman body, heat is constantly generated a byproduct of chemical reactions.

Humans must be able to release heat to the environment. This adaptation is necessary for maintaining A energy. B organization. C homeostasis. D locomotion.
The results of her experiments support her initial idea, and after conferring with colleagues, she discovers that evidence from many experiments has supported the same idea. This idea now can be considered a(n) A theory. B hypothesis. C observation. D control. is
the following 7 Which of a scientific method? procedures considered
A B C D
Collecting data Making a hypothesis Observing All of the above
To simplify the results of an experiment, many dissolves in, variables constant 4 Sugar The solubilityor mixes completely with, 8 researchers hold all compare the resultsexcept water. of a substance in water is for one. They then with determined by measuring the maximum amount of the substance that dissolves in a given amount of water at a given temperature. Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water increases as the temperature of the water decreases. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable that you would use to test this hypothesis. A Dependent variablevolume of water; independent variablewater temperature B Dependent variablewater temperature; independent variableamount of sugar that dissolves C Dependent variableamount of sugar that dissolves; independent variablewater temperature D Dependent variableamount of sugar that dissolves; independent variablemineral content of the water respect to that one variable. This type of experiment is known as a A variable experiment. B multi-factor experiment. C controlled experiment. D None of the above
following units is part of 9 Which of theSystem of Measurement (SI)? the International
A B C D
Pound Inch Meter Gallon
uses graphs, tables, and charts bk A scientist results of his research. What type to publish the of research was he probably performing? A Descriptive research B Quantitative research C Qualitative research D None of the above
CHAPTER 1
Chapter 2
Name
Date
Class
Earth 1 The portion of things isthat supports existence of living called the
the
of the following 5 Which decomposers? is NOT consumed by fungal
A B C D
ecosystem. habitat. biosphere. niche.
A B C D
First-order heterotrophs Third-order heterotrophs Producers None of the above
pyramid best explains why 2 Which of the following is a abiotic factor that 6 Which ecologicaltypically only three or four might affect the life of water-dwelling food chains are organism? A Temperature of the water B Speed of water current C Pollutants in water D Bacterial population in water links long? A Pyramid of biomass B Pyramid of energy C Pyramid of numbers D None of the above does amount 7 Howresult thethe waterof water on Earth change as a of cycle?
3 Which level of organization encompasses all of the others?

A B C D
Ecosystem Community Population Division
A B C D
Grizzly bear
It always increases It alternately increases and decreases It remains constant It always decreases
carbon 8 In the generallycycle, in what form are carbon atoms returned to the atmosphere?
Chipmunk
Marmot
Deer
A B C D
Simple sugars Carbon monoxide Methane Carbon dioxide
Insects Seeds Grasses

Which of these statements is true about the above food web? A Grizzly bears have the highest biomass. B Grasses have the lowest biomass. C Deer have a higher biomass than grizzly bears. D Seeds have a lower biomass than chipmunks.
9 Which of the following things does NOT allow plants to obtain atmospheric nitrogen in a
more usable form? A Photosynthesis B Lightning C Symbiotic bacteria D Chemical fertilizers
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 3
Name
Date
Class
1 Whichinof the following might be a limiting factor an organisms survival?

A B C D
Temperature Food availability Abundance of predators All of the above
community disrupted 5 After a such as forestisfires, a new by large-scale events, community is established through the process of A primary succession. B secondary succession. C soil formation. D None of the above aquatic biomes, many 6 Within environments wherethere aretypes of different different organisms thrive. In general, aquatic biomes are divided into photic and aphotic zones. Which of the following determines whether a zone is photic or aphotic? A Distance from land B Distance from equator C Water depth D All of the above
bacteria are able to thrive extremely 2 Certainenvironments where mostinorganisms acidic could not survive. This is an example of different organisms having different A tolerances. B biotic factors. C abiotic factors. D None of the above
7 Terrestrial biomes are classified based on the types of organisms that develop within them.
The organisms that make up a biome share the same type of A biosphere. B ecosystem. C pioneer community. D climax community.
The first stage of succession of the forest was probably the growth of A lichens. B shrubs. C mosses. D trees. plants can inhabit rocky area, 4 Before many present. A pioneer aspecies must soil must be start the process of soil formation for succession to take place. Which of the following would be a pioneer species in a rocky area? A Insect B Lichen C Weed D Fern
8 Permafrost is characteristic of which biome?

A B C D
Tundra Marine Desert Taiga biome houses the greatest
9 Which terrestrial biodiversity?

A B C D
Taiga Temperate forest Tropical rain forest Grassland
bk Small organisms that live in the photic zone of aquatic biomes are
A B C D
plankton. eubacteria. autotrophic. heterotrophic.

CHAPTER 3
Chapter 4
Name
Date
Class
growth can be 1 Initially, populationWhat is this typeillustrated as a J-shaped curve. of growth called? A Sinusoidal B Linear C Exponential D None of the above of mouse is introduced into an 2 A new species These mice reproduce and the environment. population grows. As the population grows, food resources diminish and predation by hawks increases. Eventually, the number of mice in the environment levels off so that the rate of birth equals the rate of death. What is this nearly constant number of organisms called? A Carrying capacity B Exponential growth C Linear growth D None of the above
Population Growth of Species in an Ecosystem

Population size
Carrying Capacity
Time
What does the line graph above show? A Populations increase at a constant rate in ecosystems. B Populations usually increase rapidly and then level off. C Populations increase at an exponential rate. D Ecosystems are able to support any number of populations.
If, after the situation in reached, 3 scientists introduce 100question 2 isfrom the 7 In analyzing the age structure of a population, new mice you discover that an extraordinarily high same species into the environment, which of the following is most likely to occur in the population of mice? A Death rate will decrease. B Death rate will increase. C Exponential growth D Linear growth percentage of the population is younger than the age of reproductive maturity. What kind of growth will the population probably experience in the future? A Growth rate will remain the same. B Slow, steady growth increase C Rapid growth D None of the above fluctuations above and below the 8 Drastic capacity are most likely to be seen in a carrying population demonstrating which of the following life-history patterns? A Slow growth B Population independent C Rapid growth D The pattern cannot be determined by the information given.
an artificial 4 You are studying organisms in is constantly environment. The environment changing and is unpredictable. What life-history pattern would you expect to be most common in this environment? A Rapid reproduction and short life span B Rapid reproduction and long life span C Slow reproduction and short life span D Slow reproduction and long life span
5 Which of the following limiting factors is NOT density-dependent?

A B C D
4 Disease Drought Competition Food supply
CHAPTER 4
9 What are forest fires, temperature fluctuations, and floods all examples of?
A B C D
Biotic, density-dependent factors Biotic, density-independent factors Abiotic, density-dependent factors Abiotic, density-independent factors
Chapter 5
Name
Date
Class
1 Which country would you expect to have the greatest biodiversity?

A B C D
Ecuador United States England Norway
different arise along 6 The boundaries conditions that are called an the of an ecosystem edge effect. Which of the following is most likely to cause an increase in the edge effect in an ecosystem? A Habitat fragmentation B Acid precipitation C Habitat corridors D All of the above
studying a chain of islands in 2 You areThey all have similar climates,the Pacific Ocean. but some are larger than others. The largest island will probably offer the most A biodiversity. B niches. C Both A and B D Neither A nor B an given to 3 Cyclosporine,organantirejection drugoriginally people with transplants, was isolated from A willow bark. B penicillium mold. C a soil fungus. D rosy periwinkle. the number a 4 When drops to a levelofsoorganisms within is species low that extinction possible, what is the species called? A Endangered B Threatened C Degraded D Minimal
7 Some forms of pollution cause the soil within an ecosystem to become less fertile by removing
its nutrients. Which of the following forms of pollutants is responsible for this loss of soil fertility? A Chlorofluorocarbons B Sulfur dioxide C DDT D Salt
8 Which of the following preserve habitats?
most seeks to
A The U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973 B The Convention of International Trade in
Endangered Species C Reintroduction programs D Establishment of national parks to 9 Strips of land that allow the organisms migrate from one area to another are called
5 Which of the following best describes the result of habitat fragmentation?

A B C D
Increased biodiversity Decreased biodiversity No effect on biodiversity Decreased water and land pollution
A B C D
habitat corridors. habitat fragments. ecosystem bridges. environmental pathways.
bk Which of the following species was NOT saved from extinction by being kept in captivity?
A B C D
Gingko tree California condor Brown pelican Black-footed ferret
CHAPTER 5
Chapter 6
Name
Date
Class
aqueous solution compound 1 An 12. Which of theoffollowing is X has a pH of a possible identity of compound X? A HCl B Na C KOH D H2O
the following 6 Which of reaction? can NOT occur during a chemical
A B C D
New atoms can be made. Bonds between atoms can be broken. New molecules can be made. Bonds between atoms can be formed.
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion? A An increase in temperature causes faster diffusion by increasing the speed of molecular movement. B An increase in temperature causes faster diffusion by decreasing the speed of molecular movement. C An increase in temperature causes slower diffusion by eliminating Brownian movement. D An increase in temperature has no effect on the rate of diffusion.
7 Which of the following is true of enzymes?

A They act on nonspecific, randomly chosen
substrates. B After a reaction, they cannot be reused. C They can speed up metabolic processes in the body. D They cannot change shape. an experiment showed that as 8 The results of increased, enzymatic activity temperature increased to a maximum and then started to decrease. Which of these graphs correctly displays these findings?
Temperature Affect on Enzyme X
Enzyme activity
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
Temperature (oC)
Temperature (oC)
4 Different organisms astore glucose in various forms. You discover new species, and upon
chemical analysis find that it is comprised of significant amounts of glycogen. To which of the following organisms is this new species probably closely related? A Fern B Potato C Dog D Sea horse
A
Enzyme activity
C
Enzyme activity
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
Temperature (oC)
Temperature (oC)
5 Which of the following is NOT true of lipids?

A B C D
They are commonly called fats and oils. They are hydrophobic. They are good for energy storage. They are polar.
CHAPTER 6
A B C D
a circle. a link in a chain. a chain. an intersection.
Enzyme activity
3 A polymer most closely resembles
Chapter 7
Name
Date
Class
1 Which of the following structures is part of the cells skeleton?

A B C D
Golgi apparatus Microfilament Plasma membrane Mitochondrion
process of 6 Homeostasis is theThis includesmaintaining a cells environment. the regulation of sodium ion (Na+) concentration within the cell. If too much Na+ is inside a cell, how will the concentration be changed? A More Na+ ions will enter the cell through the plasma membrane. B Excess Na+ ions will leave the cell via osmosis. C Excess Na+ ions will be transported out through membrane protein channels. D More Na+ ions will be transported in through membrane protein channels.
that 2 An environmental toxin is discoveredWhen interferes with certain cellular functions. affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins that are normally found on the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are located improperly as well. Which of the following structures is most likely affected by the toxin? A Lysosome B Mitochondria C Cell wall D Golgi apparatus
7 Which of the following instruments allows a scientist to study intracellular structures?

A B C D
Scanning electron microscope Light microscope Transmission electron microscope All of the above
phospholipid 3 Which of the following is NOT a component of 8 What part of a interact with allows the cell membrane to water in its the cell theory?
A The cell is the basic unit of organization. B All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell
division. C All organisms are made up of at least one cell. D All cells come from other, preexisting cells. of the following would NOT be found in 4 Which plastids? a cells
environment? A Glycerol backbone, because it is polar B Phosphate group, because it is polar C Glycerol backbone, because it is nonpolar D Phosphate group, because it is nonpolar
organelles is involved 9 Which of the followingworn-out organelles? in the digestion of other
A B C D
Chlorophyll Starch Lipids Glycogen
A B C D
Lysosome Endosome Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulum
5 Proteins are assembled by which organelles?

A B C D
Ribosomes Nuclei Lysosomes Mitochondria
bk Which of the following cells contains a nucleus?

A B C D
Bacterial cell Plant cell Prokaryote Virus
CHAPTER 7
Chapter 8
Name
Date
Class
are conducting experiments a 1 You tube of human osmosissolution. Youwith a 5 Which of the following does NOT occur during test cells in add interphase? teaspoon of table salt to the test tube. According to the principles of osmosis, what can you predict will happen to the cells? A They will swell and burst. B They will not be affected. C They will shrink and shrivel. D They will undergo rapid mitosis.
A B C D
Chromosome duplication Cell division Cell metabolism Cell growth
are 6 During which phase of mitosis of thesister chromatids pulled to opposite sides cell?
2
Passive Transport
A B C D
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
accompanied by the division of 7 Telophase isbetween the two daughter cells. cytoplasm What is this process called? A Prophase B Cytokinesis C Interphase D Metaphase spread one part 8 In some cases, cancer canWhat is fromspread of of the body to another. the
In the diagram above, the concentration of ions and molecules outside the cell is most likely A twice as high as the concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell. B the same as the concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell. C lower than the concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell. D composed of a different variety of ions and molecules than is inside the cell.
cancer called? A Tumorigenesis B Malignancy C Metastasis D Osmosis
3 Which of the following is true of facilitated diffusion?

A It occurs with a concentration gradient and
requires transport proteins. B It occurs against a concentration gradient and requires transport proteins. C It occurs with a concentration gradient and does not require transport proteins. D It occurs against a concentration gradient and does not require transport proteins.
9 Failure to control the cell cycle can be caused by

A B C D
lack of enzyme production. overproduction of enzyme. inappropriate expression of enzyme. All of the above
4 By what process do cells transport wastes from within the cell to the external environment?
A B C D
8 Facilitated diffusion Passive transport Endocytosis Exocytosis
CHAPTER 8 MASTERING CORE 40 BIOLOGY
Chapter 9 1
A B
Name
Date
Class
C D
transport 5 Where is the electronreactions? chain located in the light-dependent
A B C D
Nucleus Mitochondria Thylakoid membrane Cytoplasm
6 Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

Which organelle shown in the diagram above provides energy for the cell by performing aerobic respiration? A A B B C C D D energy 2 ATP storesWhich offor use in several cellular functions. the following does NOT require the breakdown of ATP? A Bioluminescence B Enzyme production C Flagella movement D Diffusion
A B C D
Stroma Thylakoid membrane Mitochondria Cell wall following is a reactant in
7 Which of the photolysis?

A B C D
Electron Oxygen Proton Water
Calvin cycle is 8 The to reenter theproducesa a molecule that of able cycle as reactant. Which the following molecules is used as a reactant in the beginning of the Calvin cycle and is then produced at the end? A ATP B Ribulose biphosphate C Phosphoglyceric acid D Carbon dioxide
3 Which of the photosynthesis?

A B C D
following is a product of
ATP Glucose Water Carbon dioxide
9 Which of the following processes is anaerobic?

A B C D
Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Electron transport chain All of the above
the primary pigment plant 4 Chlorophyll is absorbs all wavelengthsin light, chloroplasts. It of EXCEPT A green. B red. C yellow. D All of the above
In the absence bk fermentation to of oxygen, yeast cells undergo produce
A B C D
lactic acid. oxygen. glucose. ethyl alcohol.
CHAPTER 9
Chapter 10
Name
Date
Class
of concluded 1 The tall allele, T, is dominant to the short allele, 5 Which as athe following was research? t, in Mendels pea plants. You examine a pea Mendel result of his genetic plant which exhibits a phenotype of tallness. What is its genotype? A Tt B TT C tt D It cannot be determined from the information given.
by
A Genes for different traits are inherited together in pairs. B Polyploidy can be beneficial in agriculture. C Genes for different traits are inherited independently of one another. D Meiosis occurs in two steps, meiosis I and meiosis II. result 6 Nondisjunction can copiesin the formation of a zygote with three of a chromosome.
2
R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr Genotype Phenotype RR Rr rr Red Pink White
What is this condition called? A Triploidy B Trisomy C Turners syndrome D None of the above monohybrid cross, it is 7 After performing a the results with a Punnett important to analyze square. Each box of a Punnett square represents A a possible phenotype. B a possible genotype. C one individual. D two possible genotypes. of meiosis do homologous 8 During which phase as tetrads in the middle of chromosomes align the spindle? A Prophase I B Prophase II C Metaphase I D Metaphase II for a 9 A pea is heterozygoustrue? given trait. Which of the following is NOT
A researcher crosses the F1 generation of two snapdragon plants. According to this information, what is the ratio of their offspring (F2)? A 2 red: 1 pink: 1 white B 0 red: 4 pink: 0 white C 1 red: 2 pink: 1 white D 1 red: 1 pink: 2 white are given a sample of 3 Youexamine. Analysis of unknown human cells to their nuclei revealed that each cell contains 23 chromosomes. What type of cells might these be? A Ova B Skin cells C Liver cells D None of the above
4 During which stage of cell division does the number of chromosomes decrease from diploid
(2n) to haploid (n)? A Prophase I B Meiosis I C Meiosis II D Mitosis
A The pea resembles at least one parent for this

trait.
B The pea has the dominant phenotype. C The pea has two different alleles. D The pea cannot resemble both parents.
10
CHAPTER 10
Chapter 11
Name
Date
Class
different mRNA 1 There are 64How many possiblecodons in the 6 DNA is composed aof nucleotide subunits, each genetic code. codons would of which contains there be if a codon consisted of only two nucleotides? A 64 B 32 C 16 D 8 DNA in the double 2 The two strands of together by which ofhelix structure are held the following interactions? A Van der Waals forces B Covalent bonds C Ionic bonds D Hydrogen bonds process of cell division requires the 3 The to synthesize more DNA molecules.parent cell These molecules are produced by which of the following mechanisms? A Translation B Replication C Transcription D Mitosis
A B C D
ribose molecule. phosphate group. uracil base. All of the above
of translation is 7 In most organisms, the startWhat is the first signaled by an AUG codon. amino acid in most proteins? A Proline B Leucine C Isoleucine D Methionine
8 Some mutations are more harmful than others are. Which of the following types of mutations
is usually less severe? A Frameshift mutation B Point mutation C Chromosomal mutation D Deletion nucleotide is the 9 Whichnucleotide shown complementary strand of the below?
Thymine (T) O C HN C O N H C CH CH3
4 Which of the following do DNA and RNA have in common?

A B C D
Both are double-stranded. Both contain ribose molecules. Both contain phosphate groups. Both contain thymine.
the of synthesizing 5 Translation isRNA. process of the following protein from Which molecules transports amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for translation? A mRNA B rRNA C tRNA D All of the above
A B C D
adenine guanine cytosine thymine
bk What is the complementary mRNA sequence to the DNA sequence A-T-T-G-C-A?

A B C D
T-A-A-C-G-T U-A-A-C-G-T U-A-A-C-G-U T-A-A-G-C-U

CHAPTER 11
11
Chapter 12
Name
Date
Class
your colleagues the following 1 You and for a patient with are constructing a 6 Which ofinheritance? traits is mediated by pedigree cystic fibrosis. The X-linked individuals brother has also been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. How would this brother be represented in the pedigree? A Shaded circle B Shaded square C Unshaded circle D Unshaded square
A B C D
Hemophilia Sickle-cell anemia Blood type None of the above
7 A chart of an individuals chromosome pairs is called a karyotype. Analysis of a karyotype can

reveal which of the following? A Phenotype B Genotype C Trisomy D All of the above a child 8 A couple has resembleswho, with respect to a specific trait, neither parent. Which of the following is NOT a possible mechanism for this trait? A Simple recessive heredity B Codominance C Incomplete dominance D Simple dominant heredity
A man carrying the allele for Huntingtons disease marries a woman who is homozygous recessive for the allele. What is the probability that their offspring will develop Huntingtons disease? A 1/2 B 1/4 C 3/4 D None of the above
has type AB blood. 3 An individualand his mother has His father has type A blood type B blood. The individuals phenotype is an example of A simple recessive heredity. B simple dominant heredity. C incomplete dominance. D codominance. by 4 A newly discovered disease is caused the an extremely rare allele of a gene on X chromosome. The disease is 100% lethal. A female carrier of the allele decides to have children. What percentage of female embryos will die from this disease? A 100% B 50% C 0% D 25% Many traits, such are 5 by multiple genes.as stem length, controlled This is called
= Normal Female = Normal Male = Affected Female = Affected Male
A B C D
simple dominant inheritance. monogenic inheritance. polygenic inheritance. codominance.
The pedigree above shows several generations. Which of the following does the arrow indicate? A parents B siblings C death D recessive phenotype
12
CHAPTER 12
Chapter 13
Name
Date
Class
is the process by which genes can be 1 What to be homozygous for mostorganisms are 6 Before twobe cleaved by aspliced together, they made traits called? must both
A B C D
Hybridization Inbreeding Test crossing None of the above
A B C D
restriction enzyme. gene gun. micropipette. None of the above
process can DNA 2 In order to determine the genotype of an 7 By whatbe separated out? strands of different organism, researchers can perform a test cross lengths between the unknown organism and an organism that is A homozygous dominant. B heterozygous. C homozygous recessive. D All of the above
A B C D
Gene splicing DNA cloning Gel electrophoresis None of the above of genes in an
3 You perform a test cross and conclude that the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
What phenotypic ratio (dominant to recessive) will the offspring of the test cross show? A 1:0 B 1:1 C 0:1 D 2:1
8 What is the total number individual organism called?

A B C D
Chromosome Linkage map Genome None of the above
a 9 In creating oflinkage map, you must analyze the frequency recombination in the genome. What would a very low frequency of cross-over indicate about two genes? A They are on the same chromosome but very far apart. B They are on the same chromosome and very close together. C They are on different chromosomes. D It cannot be determined from the information given. the process of analyzing the bk What is of DNA fragments resultingunique pattern from restriction enzyme cleavage called? A Gene splicing B Gene therapy C Genetic engineering D DNA fingerprinting
are the 4 Whatcalled? organisms that contain foreign DNA
A B C D
Xenogenic Intergenic Palindromic Transgenic into
transferred 5 Foreign pieces of DNA are into organisms by being packaged
A B C D
restriction enzymes. vectors. carrier enzymes. None of the above
CHAPTER 13
13
Chapter 14
Name
Date
Class
1 Which of the following was NOT abundant in 6 What is the earliest geologic era called? the Earths early atmosphere?
A B C D
Water vapor Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Oxygen
A B C D
Mesozoic Paleozoic Cenozoic Precambrian
When minerals in rocks fill a space left by a decayed organism, which of the following types of fossils is formed? A Trace fossil B Cast fossil C Petrified fossil D Amber-preserved fossil
the following eras is divided into 7 Which ofJurassic, and Cretaceous Periods? the Triassic,
A B C D
Mesozoic Paleozoic Cenozoic Precambrian
particles are compressed 3 When type of rock is formed? and hardened, which
to 8 Who conducted experimentslargedisprove the spontaneous generation of organisms, such as maggots? A Louis Pasteur B Alexander Oparin C Francesco Redi D Harold Urey
A B C D
Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous None of the above
the age of fossils that are 5 In order to determineold, scientists would most less than 50 000 years likely analyze the level of which of the following isotopes? A Argon-40 B Carbon-14 C Potassium-40 D None of the above
bk What provides the explanation for the presence of mitochondria in cells?

A B C D
Biogenesis Endosymbiosis Spontaneous generation Chemosynthesis
14
CHAPTER 14
What is the process of determining a fossils age using chemical half-lives called? A Isotopic dating B Relative dating C Radiometric dating D None of the above
9 The first forms of life were most likely

A B C D
aerobic. prokaryotic. eukaryotic. archaebacteria.
Chapter 15
Name
Date
Class
the human 1 Who proposed the idea thatfood supply? population grows faster than the
6 Which of the equilibrium?

A B C D
following can disrupt genetic
A B C D
Charles Darwin Alfred Russell Wallace Thomas Malthus Stephen J. Gould will
Mutation Migration Genetic drift All of the above
2 Which of the following adaptations probably develop most rapidly?

A B C D
Camouflage Drug resistance Mimicry Large teeth
natural selection 7 What type of a population? favors average individuals in
A B C D
share a common
Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection Directional selection Bias
3 What are structures that evolutionary origin called?

A B C D
Homologous Analogous Vestigial Siblings
that speciation occurs in bursts, 8 The idealong periods of genetic equilibrium is between called A punctuated equilibrium. B stabilizing selection. C genetic drift. D gradualism.
4 What are structures function called?

without a present-day
A B C D
Homologous Analogous Vestigial Extinct occur, what must
a multiple 9 Polyploidy is the condition of havingWhat does of the normal set of chromosomes. polyploidy result in? A Geographic isolation B Hybridization C Reproductive isolation D Mutations it called bk What istraits? when unrelated species evolve similar
5 In order for evolution to happen in a population?

A B C D
Genetic drift Geographic isolation Natural selection Reproductive isolation
A B C D
Convergent evolution Genetic drift Divergent evolution Parallelism
CHAPTER 15
15
Chapter 16
Name
Date
Class
to DNA analysis, 1 WhiletoNew World Monkeys have prehensile 6 Accordingprimates evolved first?which tails aid in moving from tree to tree, following orangutans do not. What adaptation do orangutans have that facilitate their partially arboreal lifestyle? A Increased brain to body ratio B Posthensile tail C Long, muscled forelimbs D Binocular vision
of the
A B C D
Orangutans Chimpanzees Gibbons Gorillas
Approximately 7 sapiens, called 40 000 years ago, a type of Homo Cro-Magnons, lived in Europe. These hominids had a bulge in their skulls that corresponded to an enlarged region of the brain. This region controlled which of the following functions? A Speech B Vision C Toolmaking D None of the above
Which of the following would you expect to gather its food at night? A Gibbon B Lemur C Chimpanzee D Baboon
researching anatomy 3 You are primate. You the told that itofis an unknown are an early hominid. Where would you expect to find the foramen magnum? A At the back of the skull, because early hominids walked on four legs. B At the bottom of the skull, because early hominids walked on four legs. C At the back of the skull, because early hominids walked upright. D At the bottom of the skull, because early hominids walked upright.
8 How did Homo Homo sapiens?
erectus differ from modern
A Homo erectus did not have an opposable

thumb. B Homo sapiens are bipedal primates. C Homo erectus had a lower jaw without a chin. D Homo erectus had a lower jaw with a chin. to evidence gathered from 9 According sites, which type of Homo sapiens excavation were the first to develop religious views? A Neandertal B Cro-Magnon C Modern Homo sapiens D Homo habilis
4 Which of the following primates is most closely related to modern humans?

A Cro-Magnon
B Homo habilis C Homo erectus D Australopithecus afarensis
bk What evidence differentiating
5 Which of the following is the dominant sense in chimpanzees?

A B C D
Hearing Vision Touch Smell
would be most useful in between the remains of Australopithecus afarensis and Homo habilis? A Structure of the pelvis B Position of the foramen magnum C Size of the braincase D Skeletal evidence would not be useful in differentiating between the two.
16
CHAPTER 16
Chapter 17
Name
Date
Class
the following 1 Which ofof organisms? taxa contains the largest number
As scientists began to learn more about 6 geologic time, they incorporated their findings in their systems of classification. The new system that accounted for an organisms evolutionary history is called A binomial nomenclature. B phylogeny. C taxonomy. D None of the above from 7 A pedigree differs a cladogram in that pedigrees indicate
A B C D
Division Order Family Genus
2 According to Linnaeus, which of the following organisms would be most closely related to the
bat? A Mosquito B Hawk C Squirrel D Trout a 3 What doesdoesfanlike cladogram not? diagram show that a
A B C D
proposed ancestry. phylogeny of a species. direct ancestry from two parents. number of derived traits.
A B C D
Phylogenetic relationships Relative number of species in each group Anatomical features of each species Mode of extinction
Archaebacteria and 8 Organisms in Kingdomsimilar in that they all Kingdom Eubacteria are are A prokaryotic. B eukaryotic. C autotrophic. D heterotrophic. the following does NOT describe an 9 Which of found in Kingdom Plantae? organism
examining samples water and 4 Upon a nearby river, youof come acrossmud from an
unidentified organism. Closer observation indicates that the organism is unicellular and autotrophic. In addition, you can identify a membrane-bound nucleus within the cell. To what kingdom does this organism most likely belong? A Archaebacteria B Fungi C Protist D Eubacteria system 5 Theorganismofisassigning two names to identify an called binomial nomenclature. The first name corresponds to an organisms A family. B kingdom. C species. D genus.
A B C D
Mobile Multicellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotic
NOT include organisms bk Which kingdom doesthe environment? that are producers in
A B C D
Protista Plantae Fungi Archaebacteria
CHAPTER 17
17
Chapter 18
Name
Date
Class
outer coat of proteins that Retroviruses use an enzyme to 1 What is the viral core of nucleic acids called? 6 RNA into double-stranded DNA.convertistheir surrounds the What this
A B C D
Capsule Envelope Membrane Capsid
enzyme called? A Reverse polymerase B DNA polymerase II C Reverse transcriptase D RNA synthetase cells 7 What (HIV)does the human immunodeficiency virus infect?
the following viruses do 2 In which ofattachment of the virus totail fibers enable the the host cell? A Adenovirus B Poliovirus C Bacteriophage T4 D All of the above virally infected cells under a 3 While looking atnotice that as time progresses, microscope, you cells seem to be bursting and dying. Which infectious cycle is the virus undergoing? A Latency cycle B Lytic cycle C Lysogenic cycle D Binary fission viral into 4 SometimesgeneticDNA incorporatesisitself viral the hosts material. What the DNA called after this occurs? A Bacteriophage B Provirus C Adenovirus D None of the above of 5 Which to the following events might induce a virus enter the lytic cycle after being incorporated into the hosts genetic material? A Sleep deprivation B Anxiety C Sunburn D All of the above
A B C D
Red blood cells White blood cells Liver cells Skin cells
of the following 8 In whicharchaebacteria? environments might you find
A B C D
Sewage disposal plant Dead Sea Sulfur springs All of the above
the following bacterial adaptations 9 Whichaofbacterium avoid being engulfed by helps

white blood cells? A Capsule B Cell wall C Pilus D Flagella
bk What is another name for sexual reproduction in bacteria?

A B C D
Binary fission Endospore synthesis Conjugation Replication
18
CHAPTER 18
Chapter 19
Name
Date
Class
1 Photosynthetic protists are called

A B C D
algae. protozoa. funguslike. None of the above
of the 6 Whichred algae following pigments does NOT allow to photosynthesize?
A B C D
Chlorophyll Carotenoids Phycobilins All of the above
2 Amoebas form extensions of their plasma membranes to move and feed. These extensions
are called A vacuoles. B flagella. C thallus. D pseudopodia.
7 Which of the following is part of a thallus?

A B C D
Stem Root Leaf None of the above
In which structure does digestion occur in a paramecium? A Oral groove B Macronucleus C Gullet D Contractile vacuole
of cytoplasm containing many diploid 8 A massbut no cell walls or membranes is called nuclei a A thallus. B plasmodium. C pseudopodia. D volvox colony. the following phyla contains 9 Which ofthat decompose organic materials? organisms
4 Which phylum of algae is composed only of unicellular species?

A B C D
Green algae Red algae Euglenoids Brown algae diatoms their
A B C D
Myxomycota Phaeophyta Rhodophyta Bacillariophyta
of the following gives 5 Which golden-yellow color? unique
the bk Which of water following characteristics distinguishes molds from fungi?
A B C D
Silica Carotenoids Phytoplankton None of the above
A Water molds are heterotrophic. B Water molds produce flagellated reproductive

cells. C Water molds are multicellular. D All of the above
CHAPTER 19
19
Chapter 20
Name
Date
Class
hyphae form a network of 1 Fungala called
filaments
of hyphae grow 6 Which of the following types order to produce horizontally along a surface in a mycelium? A Rhizoids B Haustoria C Stolons D Sporangia the following is 7 Which ofreproduces sexually? Rhizopus formed when
A B C D
sporangium. septum. mycelium. chitin.
2 The cell walls of fungi are composed primarily of

A B C D
chitin. cellulose. hyphae. None of the above
A B C D
Mycorrhizae Rhizoids Conidiophores Zygospores
the following describes the feeding 3 Which of of fungi that feed on dead organic behavior matter? A Saprophytic B Mutualistic C Parasitic D None of the above developed specialized 4 Parasitic fungi have host cells. These hyphae hyphae that penetrate are called A mycelia. B haustoria. C sporangia. D None of the above
8 Ascomycotes, called sac fungi, reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual spores of
ascomycotes are called A conidiophores. B ascospores. C zygospores. D None of the above some 9 The undersides of whichmushrooms have gills that are lined with of the following?
A B C D
Ascus Basidia Conidium None of the above
of the following spore adaptations have fungi develop relationships 5 Whichdeveloped? bk Someplants, in whichmutualistic absorption is fungi with the plants
A Spores are protected by sporangia. B Spores are produced in large numbers. C Spores are small, lightweight, and easy to disperse. D All of the above
increased while the fungus receives organic nutrients. This is called a A mycorrhiza. B mycelium. C rhizoid. D gametangium.
20
CHAPTER 20
Chapter 21
Name
Date
Class
that 1 Aquatic plants tissue.lived in ancient oceans 6 Which of the following is composed of diploid lacked vascular Without vascular tissue, cells? how did these plants transport nutrients? A They were only one or two cells thick and could absorb water and nutrients by diffusion. B They were only one or two cells thick and could absorb water and nutrients by active transport. C Both A and B D Neither A nor B new plant species 2 You have discovered a dry environment. To thriving in an extremely which of the following divisions does it most likely belong? A Lycophyta B Coniferophyta C Bryophyta D Pterophyta
A B C D
Sporophyte Spore Gametophyte Gamete
7 It has been proposed that plants evolved from filamentous green algae. Which of the following
statements provides evidence of an evolutionary relationship between modern plants and green algae? A Both have cell walls. B Both use chlorophyll for photosynthesis. C Both store glucose as starch. D All of the above seed plants has 8 The Ginkgophyta division of biloba. Which of only one living species, Ginkgo the following is true of Ginkgo biloba? A They have large, elongated leaves. B They have separate female and male trees. C They are vulnerable to air pollution and insects. D The seeds they produce have a pleasant smell. following 9 Which of the first? probably evolved plant divisions
3 You bite into an orange and are surprised to find several small, hard objects inside.
Curiosity drives you to examine one of them under the microscope. After breaking one open, what should you expect to find inside? A A waxy cuticle B A plant sperm cell C A plant embryo D A plant egg cell that helped 4 One adaptationdevelopment plants survive on land was the of roots. These roots A anchor plants. B absorb water and nutrients. C contain tissues that transport water and nutrients to the stem. D All of the above of the following plant divisions includes 5 Whichthat reproduce by spore production? plants
A B C D
Psilophyta Lycophyta Cycadophyta Anthophyta following is NOT true of
bk Which of the anthophytes?

A B C D
They produce fruit. They produce seeds. They are nonvascular. They can be either monocots or dicots.
A B C D
Coniferophyta Bryophyta Gnetophyta Cycadophyta
CHAPTER 21
21
Chapter 22
Name
Date
Class
plants, exhibit a life cycle of some vascular plants form a 1 Liverworts, like allalternation of generations 6 The sporophytesthat protect developing spores. that includes the cluster of leaves between a gametophyte and a sporophyte. Which of these generations is dominant in liverworts? A Diploid sporophyte, as in all nonvascular plants. B Diploid sporophyte, as in all vascular plants. C Haploid gametophyte, as in all nonvascular plants. D Haploid gametophyte, as in all vascular plants. This cluster of leaves is called a(n) A rhizoid. B antheridium. C strobilus. D prothallus. all plants, store glucose 7 Ferns, like Many ferns store starchininthe form of starch. a large underground stem called a A sporangium. B rhizoid. C frond. D rhizome. lose all of their leaves each 8 Deciduous plantsoccurs, photosynthesis is no year. When this longer possible. How do deciduous plants survive without their leaves? A They become heterotrophs. B They become dormant and metabolism slows. C The roots become photosynthetic. D All of the above an 9 The ovary ofafter anthophyte flower develops into a fruit fertilization. Which of the following is an advantage of fruit production? A Fruit can provide a mechanism for seed dispersal. B The more colorful a fruit, the more nutrients it contains. C The developing embryo absorbs nutrients from the fruit. D All of the above
2 Which of the following characteristics is found in both vascular and nonvascular plants?
A B C D
Cell walls containing cellulose Alternation of generations Chlorophyll used for photosynthesis All of the above
in a greater 3 Seed plants are able to grownon-seed and diversity of habitats than nonvascular plants. Which of the following statements is a factor for this phenomenon? A Seed plants grow taller than non-seed and nonvascular plants and therefore receive more adequate sunlight. B Seed plants do not require a continuous film of water for fertilization. C Seed plants transport water from their roots to their stems more quickly than non-seed and nonvascular plants. D None of the above following adaptations helps to 4 Which of the loss in conifers? prevent water
A B C D
Cutin coating on the leaves Thick epidermal cell walls Both A and B Neither A nor B
bk Which of perennial?
A B C D
Corn Carrot Maple Wheat
the following anthophytes is a
5 Which structure anchors mosses to soil?

A B C D
Rhizoid Antheridium Strobilus Prothallus
22
CHAPTER 22
Chapter 23
Name
Date
Class
the following is 1 Which ofnot animal cells?characteristic of plant cells but
the following 6 Which ofcells in a plant? is a region of actively dividing
A B C D
Central vacuole Chloroplasts Cell walls All of the above
A B C D
Cork cambium Apical meristem Vascular cambium All of the above
2 Which cell type would most likely be involved in food production?

A B C D
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Trichomes for opening and
7 In which type of roots do xylem tissues alternate with phloem tissues?

A B C D
Monocot Dicot Both A and B Neither A nor B
3 What cells are responsible closing stomata?

A B C D
Stone cells Guard cells Fiber cells Trichomes
type of 8 In which in a leaf? tissue does photosynthesis take place
A B C D
Meristematic Dermal Mesophyll Vascular
the vascular cambium 4 Cells produced by of a plants stem. What is increase the diameter
9 Which plant hormone is produced in the apical meristem and inhibits the growth of side
branches? A Ethylene B Auxin C Cytokinin D None of the above is placed window, and after bk A plantyou noticenear athe stem begins to a few weeks, that bend toward the window. Which tropic response is the plant exhibiting? A Phototropism B Gravitropism C Thigmotropism D None of the above
this type of growth called? A Primary growth B Secondary growth C Tertiary growth D None of the above
5 Phloem cells are

A dead at maturity and are used to transport
water from the roots to the rest of the plant. B dead at maturity and are used to transport sugars throughout the plant. C alive at maturity and are used to transport water from the roots to the rest of the plant. D alive at maturity and are used to transport sugars throughout the plant.
CHAPTER 23
23
Chapter 24
Name
Date
Class
gemmae, which grow 1 Liverworts produce this process called? into 6 Ovaries are located at the base of which of the new plants. What is following structures?
A B C D
Fertilization Vegetative reproduction Meiosis None of the above
A B C D
Anther Stamen Pistil Sepal controls
2 Mosses form a small green filament of cells that develops into a gametophyte. What is this
structure called? A Archegonium B Protonema C Antheridium D Megaspore
following factors 7 Which of the in flowering plants? photoperiodism
A B C D
Night length Water supply Temperature Gravity structures form male
Ferns and mosses both undergo alternation of generations. However, unlike mosses, the dominant stage of the fern life cycle is the A sporophyte. B gametophyte. C gemmae. D There is no dominant stage.
In anthophytes, 8 gametophytes? what
A B C D
Tube cells Megaspores Microspores None of the above
A B C D
Microspore Antheridium Cotyledon Micropyle

(X) Petal
which of bk Changes ingermination?the induce seed

(Y) Stamen
following might
(W) Pistil
A B C D
Water level Temperature Oxygen level All of the above
(Z) Receptacle
In the above diagram of a flower, the structure labeled with the letter Y helps the flower to A transport water. B absorb sunlight. C reproduce. D excrete waste. 24
CHAPTER 24 MASTERING CORE 40 BIOLOGY
4 In conifers, what is the small opening at one end of the ovule called?
9 Anthophyte seeds contain a food storage tissue called the

A B C D
micropyle. endosperm. exosperm. None of the above
Chapter 25
Name
Date
Class
to observe the formation and 1 You are able of the embryo of an unknown 6 A pseudocoelom is partly lined by development derived from which of the following? species under the microscope. You note that the opening of the gastrula develops into the mouth of the developing animal. To which of the following is this unknown species most closely related? A Earthworm B Eagle C Shark D Human human 2 A sectionis of the outer surface oftoa grow in gastrula removed and allowed culture. Which of the following will form from this section? A Muscle B Intestinal lining C Skin D All of the above coelomates and acoelomates, you 3 In comparing to find more complex animals to would expect be A Acoelomates, because they have less wasted space within their body structure. B Acoelomates, because they have more mesodermal tissue. C Coelomates, because they are able to store more nutrient-rich fluid inside their bodies. D Coelomates, because they have protected space for specialized organs within their bodies.
tissue
A B C D
Mesoderm Endoderm Ectoderm All of the above
develops from a zygote to 7 As a humanthe following structures an adult, which of is NOT
A B C D
formed? Gastrula Juvenile Larva Blastula
receives nutrients from its 8 A human fetus an umbilical cord. To which mother through surface of the fetuss body does the umbilical cord connect? A Ventral B Dorsal C Posterior D None of the above body 9 Whichanimalplan would be most advantageous for an that needs to detect the presence of potential prey in all directions? A Radial symmetry B Bilateral symmetry C Asymmetry D All are equally advantageous discovered in that habitats tremendous biodiversity. Suppose a new organism is found that exhibits bilateral symmetry, heterotrophism, and has an exoskeleton. Would you classify this organism as a vertebrate? A Yes, bilateral symmetry and heterotrophism are unique to vertebrates. B Yes, only vertebrates are found in the tropical rainforest. C No, exoskeletons are never found in vertebrates. D No, vertebrates exhibit radial symmetry.
a blastula, 4 As an embryo develops into change? how bk New species are frequently does the amount of cytoplasm tropical rain forests due to
A It increases because the number of cells

increases.
B It does not change because in every round of
division, each cell divides into two smaller cells. C It does not change because as new cells are formed, the embryo sheds older cells into its extracellular environment. D None of the above that the 5 It is suggested protists animal kingdom evolved from colonial during which geological time? A Mezozoic Era B Jurassic Period C Triassic Period D Precambrian
CHAPTER 25
25
Chapter 26
Name
Date
Class
1 Though sponges kingdom, which
appear to be in the plant of the following provides evidence that they are not plants? A They are multicellular. B They develop mesoderm. C They are sessile. D They have no cell walls.
of 6 Cnidarians have a nervous system composed its a nerve net. When a cnidarian is touched, musclelike cells contract in response. Is this process regulated by the cnidarians brain? A Yes, all nerve impulses are transmitted through the brain. B Yes, the brain exerts control over the nerve net. C No, the cnidarians brain is not involved in reflexive actions. D No, cnidarians do not have a brain. of the following 7 Whichsponge populationsadaptations allows some to survive being exposed to colder, harsher temperatures? A Gemmule production B Hermaphrodism C Regeneration D Spicule formation
2 Sponges can reproduce asexually and sexually. What advantage does sexual reproduction provide for sponges? A Sexual reproduction increases diversity among sponge populations, while asexual reproduction does not. B Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual reproduction. C Sexual reproduction is more efficient in water than asexual reproduction. D Sexual reproduction does not require fertilization, while asexual reproduction does.
9 Which of the following adaptations is used by sponges to defend against predators?

A B C D
Toxin production Spicule formation Both A and B Neither A nor B
organs of a human, 4 In examining the internalof a parasite. Upon you detect the presence closer examination of the parasite, you notice that it has bilateral symmetry and a pseudocoelom. Which of the following could it be? A Cnidarian B Planarian C Tapeworm D Pinworm
able to bk Cnidarians are Which reproduce both sexually and asexually. of the following stages predominates in the life cycle of a jellyfish? A Sexual medusa stage B Asexual medusa stage C Sexual polyp stage D Asexual polyp stage
5 Which of the following is NOT a roundworm?

A B C D
26 Trichinella Nematode Blood fluke Hookworm
CHAPTER 26
What advantage does a jellyfishs body symmetry provide? A Its radial symmetry allows it to find food with anterior sensory organs. B Its radial symmetry allows it to detect prey coming from all directions. C Its bilateral symmetry allows it to find food with anterior sensory organs. D Its bilateral symmetry allows it to detect prey coming from all directions.
8 Flame cells help to remove excess water from a planarians body. What mechanism is involved
in their function? A They generate heat in order to facilitate evaporation. B Flagella are used to pull water into the body. C Cilia are used to move water out of the body. D None of the above
Chapter 27
Name
Date
Class
the beach. Upon In most mollusks, what is the site 1 You discover an organism onthat the organism 6 exchange with the external environment of gas closer examination, you find called? has a pseudocoelom, with bilateral symmetry and a hard shell. Would you classify this organism as a mollusk? A Yes, all mollusks have these characteristics B No, mollusks are radially symmetrical. C No, mollusks do not have hard shells. D No, mollusks have a true coelom.
A B C D
Mouth Nephridia Siphon Gill
7 To what class of mollusks do squids belong?

A B C D
Gastropoda Bivalvia Cephalopoda None of the above
2 Which of membrane
the following structures is a that secretes the shell of some
mollusks? A Radula B Mantle C Muscular foot D Skin shell lying 3 You find an empty mollusk is a series ofon the beach. Along its edge, there small holes, which you believe were made by the predator that ate the mollusk. Which of the following structures probably made the holes? A Radula B Foot C Nephridia D Siphon
organism that 8 You discover an has a coelom, and displays bilateral symmetry, has two body openings. Would you classify the organism as a segmented worm? A Yes, all segmented worms have these characteristics. B No, segmented worms are radially symmetrical. C No, segmented worms are acoelomates. D No, segmented worms have only one body opening. worms 9 What do segmentedfacilitateuse to anchor their bodies to the soil to locomotion?
4 In order for some mollusks to move through the water, they propel water into and out of
their bodies. What do they use to do this? A Nephridia B Siphons C Gills D Heart Into how 5 divided? many chambers is a mollusks heart
A B C D
Gizzards Setae Radula Nephridia
are often used farmers to bk Earthworms crops. In additionby aerating the enhance their to soil, earthworms fertilize the soil with A castings. B setae. C parapodia. D organs.
A B C D
One Two Three Four
CHAPTER 27
27
Chapter 28 1
Name
Date
Class
openings on of 6 Small insects allowthe thorax and abdomenthe some air to enter and leave tracheal tubes. What are these small openings called? A Spiracles B Malphigian tubules C Pedipalps D Spinnerets the to 7 Which ofthe following structures are used of detect presence and identity pheromones? A Mandibles B Malphigian tubules C Antennae D Eyes in which a 8 What is asexual reproduction,unfertilized new individual develops from an egg, called? A Metamorphosis B Parthenogenesis C Internal fertilization D None of the above following pairs of 9 Which of thelocated most anterior? arachnid appendages is
The above illustration shows an organism that is a member of the phylum A Chordata. B Mollusca. C Arthropoda. D Echinoderma.
2 What is the skeleton of an arthropod composed of?

A B C D
Cellulose Bone Chitin Muscle
more vulnerable to 3 Arthropods become their exoskeleton. What predation after losing is this process called? A Parthenogenesis B Molting C Segmentation D Shedding following 4 Which of theposterior? arthropod segments is located most
A B C D
Legs Pedipalps Chelicerae Spinnerets
A B C D
Head Thorax Cephalothorax Abdomen
following stages is seen in insects bk Which of the incomplete metamorphosis? that undergo
have air-filled chambers containing 5 Spiders plates for gas exchange. What are these leaflike plates called? A Gills B Tracheal tubes C Book lungs D Stoma
A B C D
Larva Nymph Pupa All of the above
28
CHAPTER 28
Chapter 29
Name
Date
Class
1 What are the long, echinoderms called?

A B C D
Pedicellariae Tube feet Ampullas Rays
tapering arms of
of the 6 Whichlifestyle? following sessile
echinoderms has a
A B C D
Sea lily Sea cucumber Brittle star Sea urchin
2 What is the composed of?

A B C D
endoskeleton of echinoderms
7 Which of the following characteristics can be found in the development of invertebrate

chordates? A Gill slits B Notochord C Postanal tail D All of the above
Chitin Calcium carbonate Cellulose Echinoderms do not have endoskeletons.
echinoderms to 3 What are the structures used bycalled? pry open the shells of bivalves
A B C D
Ampullas Tube feet Pedicellariae Rays
8 Which of progenitor
the following structures is the of the central nervous system in
the following structures allows 4 Which ofout of the water vascular system?water into and
chordates? A Notochord B Dorsal hollow nerve cord C Muscle blocks D None of the above is 9 What of?the tunic produced by adult sea squirts made
A B C D
Pedicellariae Ampulla Madreporite Anus
of the following 5 Whichin populations ofnutritional lifestyles are found echinoderms?
A B C D
Chitin Calcium carbonate Cellulose None of the above
A B C D
Herbivorous Carnivorous Decomposers All of the above
and lancelets feeders. In bk Tunicates trap food, theyare filtermucus from order to secrete the A pharynx. B ciliated groove. C gill slits. D None of the above
CHAPTER 29
29
Chapter 30
Name
Date
Class
a bony fish is comprised of 1 The backbone ofvertebrae. Suppose a mutant several separate fish was born with these vertebrae fused together. How might this mutation affect the fish? A It would be a more effective predator because it would be able to swim faster. B It would be a more effective predator because its backbone would be stronger. C It would be a less effective predator because its backbone would be weaker. D It would be a less effective predator because it would swim more slowly.
fishes a 6 Cartilaginousrunningpossess theseries of fluidfilled canals along sides of their bodies. These are used for detecting movement and vibrations in the surrounding water. This adaptation is called the A canal perception system. B swim bladder. C fluid motion sensor. D lateral line system. In studying the fossil evidence 7 fish species, you recognize of an unknown a pattern of cone-shaped scales. Which of the following might be the unknown fish? A Salmon B Shark C Gar D None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous fish? A Eel B Shark C Ray D Skate Early amphibians made the transition from swimming in water to walking on land. Why might walking have required significantly more energy than swimming? A There is less oxygen available in air than there is in water. B The muscles are required to support the entire weight of the organism on land. C Wind resistance created more friction than water. D None of the above
8 Which of the following is NOT in a subclass of bony fishes?

A B C D
Hagfish Lungfish Coelacanth Catfish
feature of amphibians prevents them 9 Whatinhabiting areas with colder climates? from
were life 4 Lungs Why an important adaptation forgills on land. couldnt amphibians use to breathe once they began walking on land? A There is not enough oxygen in the air. B The temperature of the air fluctuated greatly. C The gills could not have been kept moist enough for gas exchange. D All of the above. are fan-shaped to 5 Finsendoskeleton of membranes that attachthe the most fishes. Which of following is NOT a function of fins? A Swimming B Digestion C Balance D Steering 30
CHAPTER 30
A B C D
Amphibians are endothermic. Amphibians breathe using lungs. Amphibians are ectothermic. All of the above.
embryo develops, it passes through an bk As a frogstage, called a tadpole. Tadpoles are aquatic physiologically different from the adult frog that will eventually develop. These physiological changes take place in a process called A fertilization. B metamorphosis. C molting. D None of the above
Chapter 31
Name
Date
Class
following 1 Which of thecrocodiles? characteristic of
adaptations is
do 6 Whatotherbirds have that distinguishes them from organisms?
A B C D
Scaly skin Ectothermic Four-chambered heart All of the above
A B C D
Four-chambered hearts Wings Amniotic eggs Feathers
terrestrial reproduction, 2 To allow for an egg containing a reptiles 7 Muscles used for flight are attached to which of have evolved the following structures?
A B C D
yolk. chorion. amnion. All of the above
A B C D
Posterior air sac Sternum Trachea None of the above
following 3 What is the membranous sac into which an 8 Which of the a constantbehaviors allows a bird embryos wastes are excreted called? to maintain body temperature in
A B C D
Chorion Allantois Jacobson's organ Placenta
extremely hot weather? A Spreading wings B Panting C Flattening feathers D All of the above which of the 9 For bird embryos, of gas exchange? following structures is the site
4 What is the dorsal part of a turtles shell called?

A B C D
Carapace Amnion Plastron Dome
5 From what did birds most likely evolve?

A B C D
Scaly reptiles Tuatara Theropods None of the above
A B C D
Allantois Shell Chorion Posterior air sacs
bk Which of the following birds has webbed feet for swimming?

A B C D
Ptarmigan Owl Penguin Hummingbird
CHAPTER 31
31
Chapter 32
Name
Date
Class
1 What is the hair of a mammal made of?

A B C D
Cellulose Keratin Chitin Chlorophyll a group of cells that secretes fluid
6 What is the name of the hollow, muscular organ in which mammal offspring develop?
A B C D
Placenta Diaphragm Uterus Pouch
2 What is called?
A B C D
Diaphragm Placenta Gland Organ following is characteristic of
following mammals 7 Which of theshort periodtypes ofthe mother, develop for a within followed by another period outside the mother in a pouch? A Placental B Monotreme C Marsupial D Primate
3 Which of the mammals?

A B C D
Mammary glands Four-chambered heart Diaphragm All of the above
8 In which of the following areas would you find monotremes?

A B C D
Australia New Guinea Tasmania All of the above
teeth used primarily for crushing and 4 What are food called? grinding
the remains of what be 5 You discoverUpon examining theappearsoftothe a mammal. teeth animal, you find that there are predominantly premolars and molars. What type of lifestyle did this animal probably live? A Herbivorous B Carnivorous C Omnivorous D It cannot be determined.
A B C D
Precambrian Cenozoic Mesozoic None of the above
bk What do mammals contract to inhale?

A B C D
Lungs Mammary gland Diaphragm Heart
32
CHAPTER 32
A B C D
Molars Canines Incisors Chisel
did mammals experience a 9 During which erain their populations? dramatic increase
Chapter 33
Name
Date
Class
changes duration of 1 What are and the in temperature,predator all daylight, presence of a examples of? A Behavior B Reflex C Stimuli D Instinct
in 6 Aggressive behavior do animals often leads to social ranking. What social rankings form?
A B C D
Circadian rhythm Territory Dominance hierarchy Courtship
Which of the following behaviors is inherited? A Egg retrieval B Courtship C Reflex D All of the above
7 How long is the circadian rhythm for migratory birds?

A B C D
One year 24 hours Three months Five years may
hot 3 What is a simple, automatic response involving 8 Animalstoliving in energyenvironments no conscious control called? attempt conserve by
A B C D
Reflex Instinct Learned behavior Adaptation exhibit in
A B C D
estivation. migration. hibernation. nesting.
behavior do many animals 4 What to reduce competition? order

a social attachment to its 9 An animal that formsbirth demonstrates which mother shortly after learned behavior? A Insight B Habituation C Imprinting D Trial-and-error is an internal need that causes an animal bk What called? to act
A B C D
Courtship Fight-or-flight responses Territoriality Reflex
5 What are chemicals used to mark territorial boundaries called?

A B C D
Mammary glands Pheromones Marking oils Nuptial gifts
A B C D
Habituation Motivation Stimulus None of the above
CHAPTER 33
33
Chapter 34
Name
Date
Class
is the pigment that protects 1 Whatfrom ultraviolet light called? underlying 7 Which of cells marrow?
the following is produced in red
A B C D
Melatonin Ascorbic acid Melanin Lactic acid
A B C D
White blood cells Red blood cells Clotting fragments All of the above
the following 2 Which of in response tovitamins is produced by 8 Which of the following types of muscle is under skin cells sunlight? conscious control?
A B C D
Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D
A B C D
Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle All of the above

Exercise and Heart Rules
Subject 1 2 3 4 5 Averages Resting 65 78 72 69 75 71.8 Fast Walk 72 88 83 78 90 82.2 Slow Jog 110 120 125 105 135 119
burns is 3 Which of thebyfollowing types of epidermal 9 characterized the death of only cells, redness, and mild pain? A First degree B Second degree C Third degree D None of the above the following 4 Which ofskeleton? bones is associated with the axial
5 What is the connective muscle to bone called?

A B C D
Bursa Ligament Tendon Bone spurs
tissue that connects
6 Newly formed bone cells are called

A B C D
osteoblasts. cartilage. osteocytes. spongy bone.
34
CHAPTER 34
A B C D
Vertebrae Shoulder bone Hip bone Arm bone
This information was gathered during an experiment intended to test the relationship between heart rate and exercise. Pulses first were taken while participants rested and then immediately after participants walked quickly or jogged slowly for ten minutes. Which of these statements best explains the data? A There is no relationship between heart rate and exercise. B Exercise increased the heart rate of some of the participants. C Heart rate increased as exercise became more strenuous. D Ten minutes of walking and jogging was not enough to cause any differences in heart rate.
Chapter 35
Name
Date
Class
the following 1 Which of digestion? mechanical
is involved in
6 What are organic substances needed in small quantities to maintain growth and metabolism
called? A Proteins B Vitamins C Minerals D Fats
A B C D
Amylase Teeth Pepsin Saliva
2 What is amylase used to break down?

A B C D
Lipids Starches Proteins Vitamins
7 Which of the following controls the pituitary gland?

A B C D
Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Adrenal gland Hippocampus
of the respiratory 3 Whattocovers the openingentering the lungs? tract prevent food from
A B C D
Epiglottis Tongue Tonsils Mucus right after passing
of hormones 8 What kind of cells? bind to receptors in the cytoplasm
food move 4 Where doesstomach? through the
A B C D
Amino acid hormones Steroid hormones Both A and B Neither A nor B hormones does the
A B C D
Esophagus Pancreas Large intestine Small intestine
following 9 Which of theproduce? adrenal gland
5 Where is bile stored?

A B C D
Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Stomach
A B C D
Aldosterone Adrenaline Glucocorticoids All of the above of
that stimulates the bk The hormonebone tissue is called release calcium from
A B C D
thyroid hormone. calcitonin. parathyroid hormone. human growth hormone.
CHAPTER 35
35
Chapter 36
Name
Date
Class
impulses 1 Which of the following carriessystem? from the skin to the central nervous
in structure of the inner ear 6 Fluid foundhair acells in response to sound stimulates waves. In which structure is this fluid stored? A Malleus B Stapes C Cochlea D Incus
A B C D
Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons Synapses
stimulus causes 2 The presence of a in a neuron? which of the following actions
A B C D
Sodium passes out of the cell Potassium passes into the cell Sodium passes into the cell Repolarization
7 Neurotransmitters are used to transmit signals across a(n)

A B C D
axon. cell body. dendrite. synaptic space.
3 In which of the following do impulses move fastest?

A B C D
Unmyelinated white matter Myelinated white matter Unmyelinated gray matter Myelinated gray matter
8 Morphine is an opiate used in controlling pain. What does it act on?

A B C D
Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Receptors at the site of pain Both A and B
the following structures is found in 4 Which of stem? the brain
9 Which of the following drugs is a stimulant?

A B C D
Pons Medulla oblongata Midbrain All of the above
A B C D
Alcohol Nicotine Heroin Barbiturates
by which 5 Stimulationheart rate?of the following causes an increase in
of drugs appears to bk Which the the followingsodium and calcium impede movement of ions, thus disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses? A Cocaine B Amphetamines C Alcohol D Caffeine
A B C D
Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Hypothalamus
36
CHAPTER 36
Chapter 37
Name
Date
Class
1 Where does air go after passing the epiglottis?

A B C D
Larynx Pharynx Lungs Stomach
of a wound, a web that 6 At the sitefacilitates the formationforms scab. eventually of a What is this web is composed of? A Red blood cells B Fibrin C Hemoglobin D White blood cells blood requires a blood 7 A person with type AB the following types of transfusion. Which of blood can be given? A Type A B Type B C Type O D All of the above that 8 Vessels carry blood away from the heart are called
following structures 2 Which of the during respiration? is the site of gas exchange
A B C D
Trachea Bronchi Alveoli Larynx
diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity 3 When the becomes
A smaller, causing increased pressure in the chest. B smaller, causing decreased pressure in the
chest. C larger, causing increased pressure in the chest. D larger, causing decreased pressure in the chest.
4 What controls the rate of breathing?

A B C D
arteries. veins. capillaries. cells.
A B C D
Medulla oblongata Hippocampus Hypothalamus Cerebellum
9 Oxygen-depleted blood from the body enters which chamber of the heart?
A B C D
Right ventricle Left ventricle Right atrium Left atrium
5 Red blood cells carry oxygen attached to

A B C D
the nucleus. the plasma membrane. hemoglobin. iron.
result of osmotic water, glucose, bk As awaste products arepressure,into which part and filtered of the nephron? A Urethra B Distal tubule C Bowmans capsule D Ureter
CHAPTER 37
37
Chapter 38
Name
Date
Class
1 In which part of mitochondria found?

A B C D
Head Midpiece Tail All of the above
the sperm cell are
puberty, the 6 Prior to at which phasedevelopment of eggs is arrested of meiosis?
A B C D
Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I
2 Through which of the following structures does sperm leave the testes?
A B C D
Vas deferens Urethra Epididymis Seminal vesicles
7 Which of the following increases sharply just prior to ovulation?

A B C D
FSH Estrogen LH hGH
3 Which pH value is semen most likely to have?

A B C D
2 5 7 9
the 8 What isliningball of cells that implants in the uterine called?
A B C D
Blastocyst Zygote Embryo Egg
4 Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone?

A B C D
FSH Estrogen LH None of the above
9 Where do oxygen and nutrients from the mothers blood diffuse into the embryos blood?
A B C D
Umbilical cord Placenta Both A and B Neither A nor B hormones affects
5 The passageway between the uterus and vagina is called the

A B C D
cervix. oviduct. urethra. abdomen.
of the following bk Which in humans? growth
A B C D
Thyroxin hGH Testosterone All of the above
38
CHAPTER 38
Chapter 39
Name
Date
Class
1 Which of the following diseases can be proven to be caused by a pathogen using Kochs
postulates? A Syphilis B AIDS C Anthrax D Lyme disease
of the 6 Whichin bodyfollowing types of phagocytes is found tissues?
A B C D
Macrophages Neutrophils Monocytes Eosinophils
Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium that infects humans, is present in many hospital rooms. Many health care workers also carry this bacterium. How would you ensure that the bacterium would not infect your patients? A Wear a face mask and sterile gloves when treating patients. B Clean the rooms where patients stay with germicides. C Monitor waste disposal. D All of these methods would be effective in preventing infection.
infected with a virus produces a chemical 7 A celldiffuses to surrounding cells, resulting in that the production of antiviral proteins. What is this chemical called? A Histamine B Pus C Interferon D Basophil tissue that contains 8 What is a small mass of pathogens from the lymphocytes and filters lymph called? A Lymph vein B Lymph node C Lymph duct D Lymph capillary
have 3 Substances produced by some bacteria canthese severe effects on humans. What are substances called? A Venoms B Toxins C Histamines D Antigens
9 What are antibody-producing cells called?

A B C D
Helper T cells Plasma cells Cytotoxic T cells Invaders
4 What is a disease that is constantly present in a population called?

A B C D
Epidemic Pandemic Endemic Bubonic
Edward Jenner inject an bk What did to induce active immunityinto that individual in individual? A Antibodies to smallpox virus B Small amounts of smallpox virus C Antibodies to cowpox virus D Small amounts of cowpox virus
the following symptoms 5 Which ofrelease of histamines? is associated with the
A B C D
Redness Pain Swelling All of the above
CHAPTER 39
39

Mastering Core 40 Biology

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Mastering the Biology Core 40

BIOLOGY: THE DYNAMICS OF LIFE

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Introduction to the Student