INTRODUCTION

(Power House):
Introduction:
A Power House is a place where various machinery is installed for generation of Electric Power. In Power House usually Chemical Energy is converted into Heat Energy then Heat Energy is converted into Mechanical Energy then finally Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy in the form of Electric Power.

Main Components of Steam Power Plant:

1. Chemical Plant 2. Feed Tank 3. Feed Pump 4. Boiler Drum 5. Pumps 6. Down Comer 7. Up Raiser 8. Furnace 9. Forced Draft Fan (FD Fan) 10. Induced Draft Fan (ID-Fan) 11. Economizer 12. Super Heaters 13. Steam Turbine 14. Cooling Tower 15. Chimney 16. Transformer

Working Principle of POF Steam Power Plant:

After removing the impurities from the water the water flows from the chemical plant. It contains some amount of oxygen (O2) which is harmful for turbine then removing the oxygen (O2) from the water passing through the Sodium Sulfite plant which removes the 100% oxygen from the water. Then the purified water pumped to the feed tank with the help of feed pump which works on the principle of centrifugal pump. Then from the feed tank the water flows to the boiler drum the function of boiler is to separated the steam and water where the flows through the down comers to furnace where the water is in the process of fire tubes then the steam is flows through up raiser then steam enters to economizer where the temperature of steam increases and the temperature of flue gases decreases these gases are exhausted through Forces Draft Fan (FD-Fan) with the help of chimney the temperature of flue gases at the exhaust time is 148C then after the economizer the steam enters into super heaters where the saturated steam is produced then saturated stem is passing through nozzles which increases the velocity of steam then the steam is strikes to the blades of

turbines in H.P turbine where the temperature of steam is 380C-400C.Then steams leaves the HP turbine enters to LP turbine in which the temperature of steam is 50C70C after striking the steam to turbine the turbine rotates where the electric generator is directly coupled with same shaft the electric power is generated . So that the steam leaves the LP turbine and flows to condenser with the help of condenset pump the function of condenser is that in which steam is

converted in the form of water where the water is again return to back to river or canals.

Steam powe plant cycle

Main Parts of Gas Power Plant.

1. Filter 2. Head 3. Ignition Coil 4. Self Starter 5. Valves 6. Bearing 7. Pilot 8. Spark Plug 9. Piston Cylinder 10. Compressor 11. Heat Exchanger 12. Fly Wheel 13. Turbo 14. Water Cooler 15. Engines 16. Combustion chamber

Working Principle of POF Gas Power Plant.

First of all fresh air is collected from the atmosphere with a certain pressure then fresh air enters to compressor then compressor compressed the fresh air and exhausted fresh air at a high pressure then the air enters to pilot where the combustion process takes place through ignition spark plug then burning process starts the piston cylinders assembly works, assembly the shaft rotates the shaft .The shaft is directly coupled to the Electric Generator finally Electric Power generates.

Cooling tower :
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air

temperature or rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature. Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, chemical plants, power stations and building cooling. The towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in Image 1) that can be up to 200 metres tall and 100 metres in diameter, or rectangular structures (as in Image 2) that can be over 40 metres tall and 80 metres long. Smaller towers are normally factory-built, while larger ones are constructed on site.

Cooling Tower Efficiency:

The cooling tower efficiency can be expressed as = (ti - to) 100 / (ti - twb) (1) where = cooling tower efficiency - common range between 70 - 75% ti = inlet temperature of water to the tower (oC, oF) to = outlet temperature of water from the tower (oC, oF) twb = wet bulb temperature of air (oC, oF) The temperature difference between inlet and outlet water (ti - to) is normally in the range 10 - 15 oF. The water consumption - the make up water - of a cooling tower is about 0.2-0.3 liter per minute and ton of refrigeration. Compared with the use and waste of city water the water consumption can be reduced with about 90 - 95%. There are two main types of cooling towers

Types of cooling towers:

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There are two main types of cooling towers

forced draught (using fans) natural draught

Both types are based on evaporative cooling.

Natural draught cooling towers are more dependent on temperature gradients between air and water and the wind forces than forced draught cooling towers. The efficiency of natural draught towers are more variable over time and in general lower.

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AT THE END ILL THANK TO ALL STAFF MEMBERS, WORKERS AND OTHERS WHO HELPED ME TO GET SUCH A GREAT EXPERIENCE FOR MY PRE- PROFESSIONAL LIFE.
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