MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Innervation -- Mandibular Trigeminal V3 Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008

Blood Supply -- Maxillary Artery D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05

Muscle Action Origin Insertion V3 Innervation

Masseter elevation
- superficial head protrusion (sup. head only) - anterior inferior 2/3 of zyg arch - outer angle of mandible Masseter branch
- deep head retrusion (deep head only) - posterior inferior 1/3 of zyg arch - outer ramus of mandible (Anterior Division)
ipsilateral excursion

Temporalis elevation (ant. fibers only)

- anterior fibers retrusion (post. fibers only) inferior temporal line, fossa, fascia inner coronoid process of mandible Deep Temporal branch
- posterior fibers ipsilateral excursion (Anterior Division)
maintains resting tonus

Medial Pterygoid elevation

- superficial part protrusion lateral pterygoid plate (medial aspect) - inner angle of mandible Medial Pterygoid branch
- deep part contralateral excursion - inner ramus of mandible (from the Trunk)

Lateral Pterygoid depression

- superior part (smaller) protrusion - infratemporal crest (greater wing) - pterygoid fovea of md condyle neck Lateral Pterygoid branch
- inferior part (larger) contralateral excursion - lateral pterygoid plate (lateral aspect) - TMJ capsule & articular disc (Anterior Division)

Depression = condyles move down and forward Protrusion = condyles & discs move down and forward Contralateral Excursion
- Lateral Pterygoid - Lateral Pterygoid (major contribution) - Lateral Pterygoid
- Medial Pterygoid (minor contribution) - Medial Pterygoid

Elevation = condyles move up and backward Retrusion = condyles & discs move up and backward Ipsilateral Excursion
- Masseter - Masseter (deep head) - Masseter
- Temporalis - Temporalis (posterior fibers) - Temporalis
- Medial Pterygoid
 Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
V1 Opthalmic Branch
~ Frontal
* Supraorbital
* Supratrochlear
~ Nasociliary
* Infratrochlear
* External Nasal
~ Lacrimal
V2 Maxillary Branch
~ Zygomatic
* Zygomaticofacial
* Zygomaticotemporal
~ Pterygopalatine Ganglion
* Lesser Palatine
* Greater Palatine
~ Infraorbital
* Inferior Palpebral
* Lateral Nasal
* Superior Labial
* Posterior Superior Alveolar
* Middle Superior Alveolar
* Anterior Superior Alveolar
* Nasopalatine
V3 Mandibular Branch
~ Trunk
* Recurrent Meningeal
* Medial Pterygoid
* Tensor Tympani
* Tensor Veli Palatini
~ Anterior Division
* Masseter
* Deep Temporal
* Lateral Pterygoid
* Long Buccal
~ Posterior Division
* Auriculotemporal
* Lingual
* Inferior Alveolar
- Mylohyoid
- Mental
- Incisive
Sensory Superior Orbital Fissure (orbit) skin of the upper eyelid, forehead, scalp Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
Supraborbital Foramen skin of the scalp, forehead, upper eyelid; frontal sinus
superior border of orbit skin of the medial upper eyelid, medial forehead
medial border of orbit skin of the inner angle of upper eyelid
b/t nasal bone & cartilage skin of the cartilaginous nose below the nasal bones
lateral border of orbit skin of the lateral upper eyelid
Sensory Foramen Rotundum (sphenoid) skin of the nasomaxillary complex
Zygomaticofacial Foramen skin of the zygomatic prominence
Zygomaticotemporal Foramen skin of the anterior temporal region
Lesser Palatine Foramen soft palate mucosa; palatine tonsils
Greater Palatine Foramen hard palate mucosa; Mx posterior teeth (lingual gingiva)
Infraorbital Foramen
skin of the lower eyelid
skin of the lateral nose
skin of the upper lip
apical foramina of teeth Mx molars EXCEPT MB root of 1st molar (facial gingiva)
apical foramina of teeth Mx premolars AND MB root of 1st molar (facial gingiva)
apical foramina of teeth Mx anterior teeth (facial gingiva)
Nasopalatine Foramen Mx anterior teeth (lingual gingiva)
Both Foramen Ovale (sphenoid) muscles of mastication
s Foramen Spinosum dura mater of the middle cranial fossa
m medial pterygoid muscle
m (middle ear)
m (soft palate)
m masseter muscle
m temporalis muscle
m lateral pterygoid muscle
s Md posterior teeth (facial gingiva); buccal mucosa, skin of the cheeks
s has 2 roots encircling Middle Meningeal Artery TMJ, external auditory meatus, temporal skin
s joins the Chorda Tympani of Facial Nerve (VII) ALL Md teeth (lingual gingiva); ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue (touch only)
Mandibular Foramen & Canal
m mylohyoid muscle, anterior digastric muscle
s Mental Foramen Md anterior teeth (facial gingiva); skin of the chin
s Md anterior teeth (lingual gingiva); skin of the lower lip
 Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
 OTIC GANGLION Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05

- 3mm swelling attached to the stem of V3 as it passes thru the Foramen Ovale

- Incoming Fibers
• sensory fibers from the V3 stem (no synapsing)
• sympathetic fibers from the perivascular plexus of the Middle Meningeal Artery (no synapsing)
• parasympathetic fibers
- originate from the Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve arising from the medulla and then exiting thru the jugular foramen
- IX gives off a Tympanic branch, which re-enters the skull thru the tympanic canaliculus to form a plexus in the middle ear
- Lesser Petrosal nerve arises from the tympanic plexus,
runs thru canaliculus inominatus in the petrous temporal bone,
emerges in the middle cranial fossa thru the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve,
exits the foramen ovale to synapse in the Otic Ganglion

- Outgoing Fibers
• post-synaptic sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers “hitchhike” w/ Auriculotemporal Nerve of V3 towards the parotid gland

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 Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05

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MAXILLARY ARTERY Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
Part 1 – Bony / Mandibular
• Deep Auricular follows the Auriculotemporal nerve of V3
• Anterior Tympanic follows the Chorda Tympani nerve of VII
• Middle Meningeal follows the Recurrent Meningeal nerve of V3 trunk
• Accessory Meningeal supplements the supply of the Middle Meningeal Artery
• Inferior Alveolar follows the Inferior Alveolar Nerve of V3

Part 2 – Muscular / Pterygoid

• Anterior & Posterior Deep Temporals
• Masseter
• Medial Pterygoid supplies the muscles of mastication & buccinator
• Lateral Pterygoid
• Buccal

Part 3 – Pterygopalatine
- enters the pterygomaxillary fissure
- disappears into the pterygopalatine fossa where 10-12 branches follow the distribution of the Maxillary V2 nerve

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MAXILLARY VEIN Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
Pterygoid Plexus  Maxillary Vein + Superficial Temporal Vein = Retromandibular Vein

Pterygoid Plexus communicates with…

- Cavernous Sinus
- Inferior Ophthalmic Vein
- Pharyngeal Plexus
- Facial Vein

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