Electrical Symbols & Electronic Symbols

Electrical symbols and electronic circuit symbols are used for drawing schematic diagram. The symbols represent electrical and electronic components.

Table of Electrical Symbols

Symbol

Component name Wire Symbols Electrical Wire Connected Wires Not connected Wires

Meaning

Conductor of electrical current Connected crossing Wires are not connected

Switch Symbols and Relay Symbols SPST Toggle Switch SPDT Toggle Switch Pushbutton Switch (N.O) Pushbutton Switch (N.C) DIP Switch SPST Relay SPDT Relay Jumper Disconnects current when open Selects between two connections Momentary switch - normally open Momentary switch - normally closed DIP switch is used for onboard configuration

Relay open / close connection by an electromagnet

Close connection by jumper insertion on pins.

Solder Bridge

Solder to close connection Ground Symbols

Earth Ground Chassis Ground Digital / Common Ground

Used for zero potential reference and electrical shock protection. Connected to the chassis of the circuit

Resistor Symbols Resistor (IEEE) Resistor reduces the current flow. Resistor (IEC) Potentiometer (IEEE) Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals. Potentiometer (IEC) Variable Resistor / Rheostat (IEEE) Variable Resistor / Rheostat (IEC)

Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals.

Capacitor Symbols Capacitor Capacitor Polarized Capacitor Polarized Capacitor Variable Capacitor Capacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts as short circuit with AC and open circuit with DC.

Electrolytic capacitor Electrolytic capacitor Adjustable capacitance

Inductor / Coil Symbols

Inductor Iron Core Inductor Variable Inductor

Coil / solenoid that generates magnetic field Includes iron

Power Supply Symbols Voltage Source Current Source AC Voltage Source Generator Battery Cell Battery Controlled Voltage Source Generates constant voltage Generates constant current. AC voltage source Electrical voltage is generated by mechanical rotation of the generator Generates constant voltage Generates constant voltage

Generates voltage as a function of voltage or current of other circuit element. Generates current as a function of Controlled Current Source voltage or current of other circuit element. Meter Symbols Voltmeter Ammeter Ohmmeter Wattmeter Measures voltage. Has very high resistance. Connected in parallel. Measures electric current. Has near zero resistance. Connected serially. Measures resistance Measures electric power Lamp / Light Bulb Symbols

Lamp / light bulb Lamp / light bulb Lamp / light bulb Diode / LED Symbols Diode Diode allows current flow in one direction only (left to right). Allows current flow in one direction, but also can flow in the reverse direction when above breakdown voltage Schottky diode is a diode with low voltage drop Variable capacitance diode Generates light when current flows through

Zener Diode

Schottky Diode Varactor / Varicap Diode Tunnel Diode Light Emitting Diode (LED) Photodiode

LED emits light when current flows through Photodiode allows current flow when exposed to light

Transistor Symbols NPN Bipolar Transistor PNP Bipolar Transistor Darlington Transistor JFET-N Transistor JFET-P Transistor Allows current flow when high potential at base (middle) Allows current flow when low potential at base (middle) Made from 2 bipolar transistors. Has total gain of the product of each gain. N-channel field effect transistor P-channel field effect transistor

NMOS Transistor PMOS Transistor

N-channel MOSFET transistor P-channel MOSFET transistor Misc. Symbols

Motor Transformer Electric bell Buzzer Fuse Fuse Bus Bus Bus Optocoupler / Opto-isolator Loudspeaker Microphone Operational Amplifier Schmitt Trigger

Electric motor Change AC voltage from high to low or low to high. Rings when activated Produce buzzing sound

The fuse disconnects when current above threshold. Used to protect circuit from high currents.

Contains several wires. Usually for data / address.

Optocoupler isolates onnection to other board Converts electrical signal to sound waves Converts sound waves to electrical signal Amplify input signal Operates with hysteresis to reduce noise.

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Converts analog signal to digital numbers

Digital-to-Analog converter Converts digital numbers to analog (DAC) signal Crystal Oscillator Used to generate precise frequency clock signal Antenna Symbols Antenna / aerial Transmits & receives radio waves Antenna / aerial Dipole Antenna Two wires simple antenna Logic Gates Symbols NOT Gate (Inverter) AND Gate NAND Gate OR Gate NOR Gate XOR Gate D Flip-Flop Multiplexer / Mux 2 to 1 Multiplexer / Mux 4 to 1 Outputs 1 when input is 0 Outputs 1 when both inputs are 1. Outputs 0 when both inputs are 1. (NOT + AND) Outputs 1 when any input is 1. Outputs 0 when any input is 1. (NOT + OR) Outputs 1 when inputs are different. (Exclusive OR) Stores one bit of data

Connects the output to selected input line.

Demultiplexer / Demux 1 to Connects selected output to the input 4 line.