3RD TERM EXAM AND SOLUTION

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A. FLANDES

QUESTIONS: CHECK THE RIGHT ANSWER, SUPPORTING IT WITH ABRIEF SENTENCE AND/OR AN EQUATION
WHEN NECESSARY.

1. m1 & m2 such that v1=2v2 and their kinetic energies are identical. Therefore, the relationship between their momenta is:

(a) p2 =p1 (b) p2= 2 p1 (c) p2= 4 p1 (d) p2= 8p1

2. The centre of mass is not:

(a) The point where no rotation is generated when a force is applied.
(b) The point that will define the average trajectory of the body or system when it displaces.
(c) The point where we could consider that the whole weight of a body or system is concentrated.
(d) A point that lies at the geometric centre of the body or system.

3. The momentum of a system varies if:

(a) The system moves with constant velocity. (b) The involved bodies collide elastically.
(c) The net sum of all involved forces is zero. (d) The mass of the system changes.

4. Which of the following collisions is the most inelastic?

(a) two soft sponge balls (b) two iron balls (c) A bullet shot against a wood block (d) two wood billiard balls

Solve the following problems as clear as possible. Do not take for granted any step. Remember that your grade depends on what
it is written and not on what you are thinking that is not on the sheet of paper. Correct answers without the proper explanation
will not be valid.

1. A car travels across a banked curve (θ = 10°). Τhe minimum velocity that
the driver can apply if the car does not skid is 8.57 m/s when the static
frictional coefficient is µs = 0.1. Determine the radius R of the curve.

2. In Fig.1 M1 departs from rest pulling M2 that lies on the floor, sliding
down along the inclined plane (θ = 75°). The speed of M2 when it reaches h =
1 m is 2.5 ms-1, get the kinetic coefficient of friction between M1 and the
inclined plane. Suppose M1 = 2.5 M2. Use the Conservation of Energy Law.

3. Juan and her girlfriend María ride on a boat in Chapultepec’s lake

(Fig.MOME9) at 3 m/s. Suddenly, Juan realises that they head right to the
fangs of a huge hungry crocodile that awaits on a bump. Scared to death, and
when the boat is 2.5 meters away, Juan hurries towards María at 5 m/s with
respect to the boat. Calculate the final position of the boat and tell whether they
survive supposing that the boat somehow stops when Juan reaches María.
Consider the following masses for Juan, María and the boat respectively: 70 ,
55 y 100 kg .
 SOLUTION
QUESTIONS:
1. (b) K1=K2 or ½ m1v12= ½ m2v22, since v1= 2v2 then 4½ m1v22= ½ m2v22 or 4m1=m2 or m1= ¼ m2.
To compare the momenta, we have to write one in terms of the other variables:
If p1= m1v1= ( ¼ m2)( 2 v2)= ½ ( m2v2) = ½ p2 implies p1= ½ p2
If p2= m2v2= ( 4m1)( ½ v1)= 2 ( m1v1 ) = 2 p1 implies p2= 2 p1 or p1= ½ p2
Any leads to the same result.

2. (d) When the geometry and densities are regular the centre of mass and the geometric centre lie at the same point. If the density varies,
the centre of mass will shift to where most of the mass is concentrated. The geometric centre does not depend on the mass only on the
geometry, therefore remains at the same place.

3. (d) If p=mv the momentum remains the same as long as the products draws the same vector, but when either the mass or the velocity
are held constant and the other varies, the momentum changes.

4. (a) The more rigid the system or body, the less the deformation and thus the dissipated energy (HEAT). Therefore the energy is
preserved much better. Otherwise the softer the body, the easiest to deform it and the easiest it absorbs energy as heat.

PROBLEMS
1. (CHECK NOTES!) BANKED CURVE. When the velocity is minimum the car SKIDS downhill, therefore friction ought to pull uphill to
hold the car on the curve. Consider one equation along the radial direction (where the CENTRIPETAL FORCE ACTS) & another along the
vertical direction. We need 2 equations, since we will have two variables:
RADIAL : mv 2 / r = n sin θ − f cos θ also f = µn Or RADIAL : mv / r = n sin θ − µn cos θ (1)
2

VERTICAL : mg = n cos θ + f sin θ VERTICAL : mg = n cos θ + µn sin θ (2)

Dividing (1) by (2)

NORMAL v 2 sin θ − µ cos θ (3)
=
gr cos θ + µ sin θ
FRICTION θ
gr cosθ + µ sin θ (4)
=
θ
TO CENTRE OF
v 2 sin θ − µ cosθ
CURVE (RADIAL) We could still reduce this expression (NOT NECESSARY) dividing above
and below by cosθ to get:

v 2 ⎛ 1 + µ tan θ ⎞ 8.57 2 ⎛ 1 + 0.1 tan 10° ⎞ ⎛ 1.018 ⎞

r= ⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ = 7.487 ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 100 m
g ⎜⎝ tan θ − µ
WEIGHT
⎠ g ⎝ tan 10° − 0.1 ⎠ ⎝ 0.076 ⎠

We could evaluate directly in (4), but (5) is easier.

2. (Notice that the dashed squares indicate the initial position of the system!) By the Conservation of Energy Law:

Eo = E f
1 5
m1 gh1 = m1 gh2 + m 2 gh + (m1 + m 2 )v 2 + Q and m1 = 2.5m 2 = m 2
2 2
y=h1
2 1 7
m1 gh1 = m1 gh2 + m1 gh + ( m1 )v + µm1 g cos θh
2

5 2 5 y=h2
2 7 2
gh1 = gh2 + gh + v + µg cos θh y=h
5 10
θ
2 7 2 7 y=0
g[(h1 − h2 ) − h] − v 2 gh(sin θ − ) − v 2
5 10 5 10 5.552 − 4.375
µ= = =
g cos θh g cos θh 2.539
µ = 0.46 h1-h2 = hsinθ

3. COUPLE & CROCODILE:

(All changes are supposed instantaneous) When the girl runs, she changes the speed of the boat. In order to get the NEW speed USE THE
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE:
po = p f Juan needs t=(3m / 5 m/s)= 0.65 s to reach María.
According to the directions, the boat will stop when he
(mboat + mJuan + mMaría )v0 Boat / lake
= (mboat + mJuan + mMaría )v f Boat / lake
+ mJuanvJuan / boat reaches María, that is, after running
(225kg )(3m / s) = (225kg )v f + (70kg )(+5m / s ) x=( 1.44 m/s )( 0.65 s) = 0.93 m or 1.56m away from the
Boat / lake
fangs.
vf Boat / lake
= 1.44m / s They could survive if the crocodile decides to remain on the
bump.

A. FLANDES