06 Electrical power supply and utilization (scientific, technical)
many advantages, such as excellent performance and enhanced safety.
The performance improvement is achieved because of strong mechan-
ical integrity (cycle life) and absence of binder (shelf life) in C-C
composite. The enhancement in safety comes from high thermal
conductivity, fire retardant characteristics and an acceptable ability to
overcharge and overdischarge.
02/01485 Coal utilization and dust collection technology.
(Part 2). High temperature duet collection technology on new
type high efficiency power generation
Makino, H. Funtai Kogaku Kaishi, 2001, 38, (9), 652-658. (In Japanese)
A review on power generation by combustion of coals using gas
turbines, fuel cells. High dust collection technology is an important
factor in promoting these methods.
02/01486 Contingency rankingfor voltage collapse using
parallel self-organizing hierarchical neural network
Pandit, M. et al. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2001, 23, (5),
369-379.
On-line monitoring of the power system voltage security has become a
vital factor electric utilities. This paper proposes a voltage contingency
ranking approach based on parallel self-organizing hierarchical neural
network (PSHNN). Loadability margin to voltage collapse following a
contingency has been used to rank the contingencies. PSHNN is a
multi-stage neural network where the stages operate in parallel rather
than in series during testing. The number of ANNs required is
drastically reduced by adopting a clustering technique to group
contingencies of similar severity into one cluster. Entropy based
feature selection has been employed to reduce the dimensionality of
the ANN. Once trained, the proposed ANN model is capable of
ranking the voltage contingencies under varying load conditions, on
line. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated
by applying it for contingency ranking of IEEE 30-bus system and a
practical 75-bus Indian system.
02/01487 CO2 conversion system and economic evaluation
Niwa, S. C02 Koteika, Kakuri no Saishin Gijutsu, 2000, 247-259. (In
Japanese) Edited by Inui T.
Conceptual design of natural-energy-based power generation systems is
described, in which CO2 from coal-fired power plants is liquefied and
hydrogenated to form MeOH for power generation systems. H2 needed
for the above MeOH synthesis process is produced by water electrolysis
with power supply from natural energy power generation systems using
hydraulic or solar power. The system's economic feasibility is
evaluated.
02/01488 Direct methanol-air fuel cells with membranes
plus circulating electrolyte
Kordesch, K. et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 96, (1), 200-203.
A new approach for direct methanol-air fuel cells (DMFC), with the
advantage of reduced crossover is discussed in this paper. Methanol
traces in the circulated electrolyte are recovered and COz bubbles in
the cells are removed due to the forced methanol-electrolyte stream
through the cell. Degradation of the catalyst is reduced since fuel cell
electrodes degrade on activated stand without load to a higher extent
than under load because high voltage on open circuit promotes carbon
oxidation, catalyst changes, etc. Therefore, life expectancy increases
with circulating electrolyte by removing the electrolyte from the cells
between operating periods.
02/01489 Distributed generation: a definition
Ackermann, T. et al. Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, 57, (3),
195-204.
Distributed generation (DG) is expected to become more important in
the future g.eneration system. The current literature, however, does not
use a cons:stent definition of DG. This paper discusses the relevant
issues and aims at providing a general definition for distributed power
generation in competitive electricity markets. In general, DG can be
defined as electric power generation within distribution networks or on
the customer side of the network. In addition, the terms distributed
resources, distributed capacity and distributed utility are discussed.
Network and connection issues of distributed generation are presented,
tOO.
02/01490 Effects of a cogeneration plant on the system
imbalance of a distribution feeder connected with It
Chen, T. and Yang, W. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2001, 23,
(5), 381-388.
This paper has evaluated the effects of a cogeneration plant on the
system imbalances of a radial three-phase four-wire distribution feeder
connected with it. A three-phase four-wire distribution feeder is often
operated under unbalanced circumstances by reason of unequal
individual phase loads. The degree of voltage and current imbalances
in a three-phase four-wire feeder might be significantly enlarged while
a cogeneration plant is operating in parallel. In this paper, a sample
distribution feeder with a cogeneration plant connected at its end was
simulated. The effects of the cogeneration plant on the voltage
imbalances, current imbalances, and system loss of the specific
distribution feeder were evaluated based on the simulation results.
The simulation results and conclusion are of value to distribution
engineers for planning and operating such a system.
02/01491 Electric power units operating on solid oxide
fuels cells. Results and prospects
Dudnik, O.M. et al. Energy. Elektrif. (Kiev), 2001, 4, 27--44. (In
Ukrainian)
A review with refs. on the world-wide achievements in developing new
hybrid cogeneration power plants operating on solid oxide fuels cells
(SOFCs) with 1 MW electric power. A brief description of the main
structural and operating characteristics of contemporary SOFCs and
their advantages is given along with measures for a further increase of
their electricity efficiency. The effectiveness of integrating of high-rpm
gas turbine units in the SOFC-based power plants in Germany and
USA for increasing the electricity efficiency is demonstrated. The
method of the calculation of the hybrid SOFC-based power plants is
introduced. The design of a new ecologically pure SOFC-based plant
employing the technology of gasification of Ukrainian high-ash coal in
a circulating fluidized bed under pressure is developed with the
prospect of 500 kW power under appropriate conditions.
02/01492 Electrochemical power sources for unmanned
underwater vehicles used in deep sea survey operations
Hasvold, ~. and Stcrkersen, N. Journal o[Power Sources, 2001, 96, (1),
252-258.
A comparison of available energy from different power sources for
unmanned underwater vehicles, discharged at atmospheric pressure or
at ambient pressure, has been undertaken. The basis for the
comparison has been a neutrally buoyant power source with a total
volume of 300 lires. For deep diving vehicles, the use of batteries that
can operate at ambient pressure is advantageous. This advantage
increases as the mean density of the battery decreases and as the mean
density of the pressure hull increases. A fuel cell using spherical gas
containers is also an attractive power source for deep diving survey
underwater vehicles.
02/01493 Evolution of power sources for implantable
cardioverter defibrillators
Crespi, A.M. et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 96, (1), 33-38.
The evolution of seven generations of power sources for implantable
cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) is presented. The packaging efficiency
of the power sources has steadily increased, resulting in smaller, lighter
batteries while maintaining the required electrical characteristics. The
main areas for improvement were reduction of headspace volume,
reduction of separator volume, and a change from a two-cell battery to
a single cell.
02/01494 Experimental study on the dynamic
characteristics of kW-scale molten carbonate fuel cell
systems
Kang, B.S. et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 94, (1), 51-62.
The aim of this work is to develop dynamic models for two types of kW-
scale molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) systems of the basis of
experimental data. the dynamic models are represented as a 3 x 3
transfer function matrix for a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO)
system with three inputs and three outputs. The three controlled
variables which severely affect the stack performance and lifetime are
the temperature difference in the stack and the pressure drop at the
anode and the cathode. Three manipulated variables, namely, current
load, fuel and oxidant utilization, are selected to keep the three
controlled variables within their safety limits for the reliable operation
and protection of the system in case of emergency. Each element in the
transfer function matrix is in the form of a first-order model using a
simple, unit step, response test during operation. The non-zero off-
diagonal elements in the transfer function matrix show that some
interactions exist among the operating variables, and two zeros show no
interaction between fuel and oxidant flow without gas cross-over. The
stability of both dynamic models is analysed using the relative gain
array (RGA) method. Large diagonal elements in the RGA matrix
show that the pairing between the manipulated and controlled variable
is appropriate. Proper pairing is also proven by the singular value
analysis (SVA) method with a smaller singular value in each system.
02/01495 Highly efficient electricity generation through a
hybrid molten carbonate fuel cell-closed loop gas turbine
plant
Lunghi, P. et al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2001, 42, (14),
1657-1672.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 2002 191