MATERIALE I

An I Englez

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INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE

Definition, relation to other branches of Technical Sciences Chemical composition structure properties use correlation Classes of engineering materials: metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, multimaterials. References 1. V.Candea, C.Popa Initiere in Stiinta Metalelor, Bucuresti, Ed.Vega 1995; 2. H.Colan, s.a. Studiul Metalelor, Bucuresti, EDP 1983; 3. M.Radulescu Studiul Metalelor, Bucuresti, EDP, 1982; 4. S.Gadea, M.Petrescu Metalurgie Fizica si Studiul Metalelor, vol. 1,2,3, Bucuresti, EDP, 1979 1983; 5. D.Constantinescu, s.a. Stiinta Materialelor, Bucuresti, EDP, 1983 6. D.Askeland Introduction to Materials Science, J.Wiley & Sons, 1993 7. C. Paul Materials Science and Engineering, ASM 1991

Materials Science : Branch of Technical Sciences that studies the chemical composition structure properties use relation for engineering materials. Age : as a science, after 1840 (optical microscope)

Fig. 1 Inter-relations within Materials Science

Practical use: behaviour due to design and properties of materials Functional characteristics Example: Car body strength / stiffness determined by material and design mechanical stability (of shape in time) same corrosion resistance determined by material and joining technology (aluminium / steel, brass,...) weight determines the fuel consumption 1

MATERIALE I Properties of materials:

An I Englez determine the utilization properties of products Mechanical Physical Chemical (Technological)

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Evolution of materials for optimising the utilization properties: classical advanced properties superior to classical ones smart appropriate response to external stimuli A. According to the obtaining mode natural (bone, rock, wood, proteins, ...) synthesis B. According to the nature metals ceramics polymers

+ compound materials (composites, multimaterials)

I. METALS 82 in the periodic table electro-positive character, overlapped conduction valence energy levels NO pure metals (practical) - alloys (contain other elements, are metal - based) Most used Fe, Al, Cu, Mg, Zn, Ti, Ni, ... Metallic character : electrical / thermal conductors, resistivity increases with temperature, metallic glitter; thermo-electronic effect

II. CERAMICS Definition: Materials constituted of inorganic compounds, without metallic character Generally: contain metallic elements bonded to strongly non-metallic elements (O, Cl, F, ....) Exceptions: C, B Classes: A. Classical - porcelain, glass, clay, ....) Technical (Engineering / fine) (alumina, zirconia, TiN,...) B. Amorphous = glasses Crystalline

III. POLYMERS Definition: Macro-molecular organic materials constituted of long atoms chains C + H, [O, N, ] 4 6 (M = 10 10 ) 2

MATERIALE I Classes:

An I Englez thermoplastics (plastics) thermosets elastomers (rubbers)

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COMPOUND MATERIALS of main classes COMPOSITES constituted of matrix (majority of the volume, maintains the shape of the part) + reinforcing constituent

MULTILAYERED MATERIALS

Made of several layers of different materials that are solidly joint together (soldered) and behave like a unitary material