INTRODUCTION

Process of Mitosis Prophase: The genetic material of a particular cell is loosely bundled in a coil called chromatin in the nucleus. At this stage, this chromatin in the nucleus starts to condense and becomes visible as chromosomes under the magnification of light microscope. The nucleolus disappears. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic disintegrates. Centrioles begin to move to opposite ends of the cell and fibres start to extend from the centromeres. Some fibres cross the cell to form the spindle fibre. The prophase stage where it shows the chromatin has condense. Spindle fibres has formed. This picture was taken from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis

This picture was taken from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis when this prophase stage is viewed under the light microscope.

Metaphase:

It is a short process when all the chromosomes are lined up along the metaphase plate. Then the two centrosomes start pulling the chromosomes through their attached centromeres towards the two ends of the cell. As a result, the chromosomes come under longitudinal tension from the two ends of the cell. The centromeres of the chromosomes, convene along the metaphase plate In certain types of cells, chromosomes do not line up at the metaphase plate and instead move back and forth between the poles randomly, only roughly lining up along the mid line.

This picture shows how the chromosomes line up in the metaphase plate which was taken form the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis

This photo is viewed under the magnification of light microscope which was taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis Anaphase: This is a stage when the centromeres divide. The sister chromatids will separate and moves to the opposite poles. This spidle fibres contract to pull the chromatids towards the opposite ends of the cell.These two stages are sometimes called early and late anaphase. Early anaphase is usually defined as the separation of the sister chromatids, while late

anaphase is the elongation of the microtubules and the chromosomes being pulled farther apart. At the end of anaphase, the cell has succeeded in separating identical copies of the genetic material into two distinct populations.

This picture shows that the centromeres sister pulled form http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis to divide the and are chromatids

opposite the

poles. which was taken

This picture shows that the centromeres divide and sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles which is viewed through light microscope andwas taken from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis Telophase: It "cleans up" the after effects of mitosis. At telophase, the nonkinetochore microtubules continue to lengthen, elongating the cell even more. Corresponding sister chromosomes attach at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope, using fragments of the parent cell's nuclear membrane, forms around each set of separated sister chromosomes. Both sets of chromosomes, now surrounded by new nuclei, unfold back into chromatin. The spindle fibres also disappears and goglgi apparatus and the nuclear membrane reforms. Cytokinesis or the cell division of the cell may also begin during this stage.

This picture is the taken during the telophase stage. the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis

This picture shows the telophase stage and was taken the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis Importance of Mitosis: Mitosis is type of cell division involving somatic cells. It is important for cell division and replacement of old worn out cells and more importantly it is able to carry out replication process for the cells that has been replaced. Mitosis is important for growth. Mitotic divisions enables a single cell to grow eg. from conception, repeated cell division has allowed us to develop into multicellular organisms. Its is also important for genetic stabilty to duplicate the genetic material to ensure that our genetic material is stable and able to carry out its function orderly because the instructions from the previous cells would have been passed on to the new daughter cells. It is also important for cell replacement, regeneration. Also when our cells get damaged it is continuously being replaced by new ones that are formed through mitosis. Its also important in asexual reproduction. However, if this mitosis does not function correctly, mutation can occur

which may be harmful to the organism.

This is the mitotic cell division that occurs in somatic cell. This was taken from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis

The Differences between Mitosis in Plant Cells and Animal Cells.: Animal Cells centrioles Form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis Contractile ring forms No cell wall Cells divide all the time Plant Cells No centrioles Form a cell plate at which new cell wall forms In telophase, cell plate forms in a center of cell Hace cell wall Nuclear and cell division found in special regions, meristems

Garlic: Allium satvium L. Commonly known as garlic is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. Carlic has been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It is widely used as seasoning in cooking due to its pungent flavour. Garlic is easy to grow and can be grown all year around in mild climates.Garlic is easy to grow and can be grown year-round in mild climates. While sexual propagation of garlic is indeed possible, nearly all of the garlic in cultivation is propagated asexually, by planting individual cloves in the ground.

In cold climates, cloves are planted in the fall, about six weeks before the soil freezes, and harvested in late spring.Garlic plants are usually very hardy, and are not attacked by many pests or diseases

The source of the photo was taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic

Meristem: A meristem is the tissue in most plants consisting of undifferentiated cells which is found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. The meristematic cells enhances the growth of the plants. The Shoot Apical Meristem gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers. In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body. Meristematic cells are incompletely differentiated and are capable of continuing cellular division. Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.

This is the meristem root tip cell taken from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem