Surname Initial(s)

Centre Paper Reference

No.

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No. 6 1 0 6 0 3
Paper Reference(s)

6106/03 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only

Biology
Biology (Human) Question Leave
Number Blank

Advanced 1
2
Unit Test 6 Paper 03 Synoptic Paper
3
Friday 24 June 2005 – Afternoon 4B
Time: 1 hour 10 minutes 5H

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Ruler Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.
Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer Questions 1 and 2 and then either Question 3 or either 4B or 5H in the spaces provided in this
question paper.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this paper is 38.
There are 20 pages in this question paper. All blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.
This question paper is designed to give you the opportunity to make connections between different areas
of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course in new contexts. You should
include in your answers any relevant information from the whole of your course.

Total
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Answer Questions 1 and 2 in the spaces provided.

1. (a) Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a single-celled fungus, which may be found

growing naturally on the surface of fruits, including grapes. These yeast cells are
diploid and reproduce by budding, forming a clone of cells. Under certain conditions,
however, these diploid cells may undergo meiotic division. Each diploid cell forms
four haploid cells, which are also capable of reproducing by budding.

Haploid yeast cells exist in two strains, known as mating types a and α. An a cell
and an α cell may fuse to form a diploid cell, with 32 chromosomes, which then
continues to reproduce by budding.

(i) State the number of chromosomes present in an α cell.

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(1)

(ii) Suggest why it might be advantageous for yeast to reproduce by budding.

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(3)

(iii) Yeast mating types a and α recognise each other by producing small protein
molecules, which bind to the cell surface membrane of the opposite mating type.
Suggest how the structure of the yeast cell surface membrane is related to this
function.

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(b) Yeast cells are normally able to carry out aerobic respiration and produce ATP from
the oxidation of glucose and other substrates. Mutation may occur in yeast, giving
rise to cells known as petite mutants. These cells have abnormal mitochondria which
lack many of the proteins involved in the electron transport chain. Petite mutant cells
grow very slowly compared with normal yeast cells.

(i) State the location of the electron transport chain within a mitochondrion.

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(1)

(ii) Suggest why petite cells grow slowly compared with normal yeast cells.

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(c) DNA has been extracted from both the nuclei and mitochondria of normal yeast and
petite mutants. These samples of DNA have then been analysed to determine their
densities, as shown in the table below.

DNA sample DNA density /arbitrary units

Normal nuclear 1.700
Normal mitochondrial 1.684
Petite nuclear 1.700
Petite mitochondrial 1.680

What do these results suggest about the cause of the petite phenotype in yeast?

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(1) Q1

(Total 12 marks)

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2. The term bioluminescence means the production of light by living organisms, as a result
of their metabolic activity. Substances that adversely affect metabolism will cause a
decrease in the production of light, or stop it completely.

One species of luminescent bacterium, Photobacterium, has been used to investigate the
effect of heavy metals on bioluminescence. This method depends on finding the time
taken for a solution containing the metal to completely stop the production of light by
these bacteria.

In this investigation, small discs of filter paper were prepared, containing an immobilised
culture of Photobacterium. The discs were then placed in separate bottles containing
solutions of mercury chloride, cadmium chloride and nickel chloride, as shown in the
diagram below.

Solution containing
Light heavy metal

Filter paper disc containing

immobilised Photobacterium

The bottles were then kept in the dark at a constant temperature and examined after 30
minutes and then four more times until five hours after the start. The emission of light
from the filter paper discs was observed and recorded. The results are shown in the tables
below. In the tables, + indicates light emission; – indicates that no light was emitted.

Mercury chloride

Concentration of mercury chloride solution / mg dm–3

Time / h
0.05 0.10 0.50 1.0 10.0
0.5 + + + + –
1.0 + + + + –
2.0 + + + – –
3.0 + + – – –
5.0 + – – – –

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Cadmium chloride

Concentration of cadmium chloride solution / mg dm–3

Time / h
0.05 0.10 0.50 1.0 10.0
0.5 + + + + +
1.0 + + + + +
2.0 + + + + +
3.0 + + + + –
5.0 + + + + –

Nickel chloride

Concentration of nickel chloride solution / mg dm–3

Time / h
0.05 0.10 0.50 1.0 10.0
0.5 + + + + +
1.0 + + + + +
2.0 + + + + +
3.0 + + + + +
5.0 + + + + –

(a) Suggest reasons for each of the following.

(i) The bacteria were immobilised in the filter paper discs.

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(ii) The bottles were kept at a constant temperature during the investigation.

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(b) Describe the effect of mercury chloride concentration on the emission of light by
Photobacterium.

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(2)

(c) Which metal was the most toxic to Photobacterium? Give an explanation for your
answer.

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(2)

(d) Suggest how this method could be used to investigate whether a sample of water from
a river had been polluted with heavy metals.

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(3) Q2

(Total 11 marks)

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Write an essay on ONE of the following topics.

Put a cross in the box below indicating the question you have chosen ( ). If you change
your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then put a cross in the other box ( ).

Chosen question number: Question 3

Question 4B

Question 5H

For Biology you should choose EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4B.

3. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and the regulation of blood glucose.

(15 marks)

4B. The uptake, transport and roles of mineral ions in flowering plants.
(15 marks)

For Biology (Human) you should choose EITHER Question 3 OR Question 5H.

3. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and the regulation of blood glucose.

(15 marks)

5H. Humans as primates and the adaptations of humans to life at high altitudes.
(15 marks)

Marks will be awarded for scientific content, coverage of the topic, and the quality of written
communication. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole
of your course. You may include diagrams if you wish, but make sure that they are relevant
to your essay and add extra information to it.

Write your answer including any plan here.

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(Total 15 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 38 MARKS

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