Jeremy G. Vicencio 1st Semester, A.Y.

2011-2012

 1st level of cellular organization

Basic unit of structure and function in living things May serve a specific function within the organism Examples blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc.

Squamous (scaly) Irregular, flat Nucleus

Centrally located Elliptical Horizontally flattened

Cell membrane is very thin The cell is filled with cytoplasm

Adipocyte Large and spherical Appear to be empty Cytoplasm

Thin rim at the periphery of the cell Predominant component stored fat

Nucleus
Thin, darkly staining, and often crescentshaped Pushed to the periphery permits maximum storage of fat globules.

Fat Globule
Appear as empty spaces because the fat has been dissolved out by solvents during tissue preparation. Liquid at body temperature

Always located in close association with small blood vessels (BV) known as capillaries.
For nourishment and transport of waste products.

Consists of a head, midpiece, and tail Head

Contains the nucleus which stores the genetic material Acrosome contains enzymes used for penetrating the egg

Midpiece
Has a central filamentous core with mitochondria spiralled around it Mitochondria for ATP production for the journey through the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes.

Tail
Flagellum consists of nine fused pairs of microtubule doublets surrounding two central single microtubules. Executes the lashing movements that propels the sperm cell

Larger Oval Nucleus and organelles are present

Smaller Biconcave disk Nucleus and organelles are absent

Erythrocytes Most numerous Devoid of nucleus Biconcave Rich in hemoglobin Responsible for providing O2 to tissues Recovery of CO2 produced as waste (partly)

Leukocytes Less numerous Nucleus is present Spherical Possess lysosomes and ribosomes Responsible for the defense of the organism (production of antibodies, phagocytosis)

Spindle-shaped (wide in the middle and narrow to almost a point a both ends) Single, centrally-located nucleus Arranged parallel to one another, in a homogeneous bundle or sheet of cells.

Elongated, columnar (not as wide as they are tall) Nuclei are elongated and usually located at the base Locations line most of the digestive tract; some are specialized for sensory reception (nose, ears, and taste buds) Functions protection, secretion, and absorption

Cuboidal (wide as they are tall as they are deep) Spherical, centrally-located nucleus Locations glands, ducts of glands, lining of the kidney tubules, germinal epithelium Functions secretion, excretion, absorption

Nucleus Granular, football-shaped body Contractile vacuole for regulation of water content Food vacuole contain undigested food particles Pseudopodia for locomotion, as well as for engulfing food (phagocytosis)

Exhibits amoeboid movement Moves in no particular direction When meeting an obstruction, they change direction or engulf the obstruction Amoeboid movement is also observed in WBCs

Slipper-shaped ciliate Has well-developed somatic ciliature Very active and difficult to immobilize Swims in a helix It can maneuver by locally regulating ciliary beat

Avoidance reaction Blunt end anterior Pointed end posterior Swims with the anterior end forward

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Lacks a nucleus
Circular DNA DNA is Naked not associated with histones, do not form into chromosomes

With true nucleus bound by a double membrane

Linear DNA DNA is complexed with histones and is organized into chromosomes

Smaller, simpler ribosomes (3 kinds of rRNA, ~50 kinds of proteins)

Lack membrane-bound organelles

Larger, more complex ribosomes (5 kinds of rRNA, ~80 kinds of proteins)

Possess membrane-bound organelles

Criteria

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell wall
Plastids Vacuoles

Absent
Absent Small, many

Present
Present Large, single, central

Centrioles
Lysosomes Cilia

Present
Present Present

Absent
Absent Present in some