Cam Design

CAM DESIGN
Chapter 8
Introduction
Terminology
Type of Follower Motion
Rotating follower
Terminology
Type of Follower Motion
Translating follower
Terminology
Type of Joint Closure
Force
Terminology
Type of Joint Closure
Form
Terminology
Type of Follower
Flat-faced Roller
Terminology
Type of Follower
Mushroom
Terminology
Type of Cam
Radial
Previous Figures
Axial
Terminology
Type of Motion Constrains
Critical Extreme Position (CEP)
Critical Path Motion (CPM)
Type of Motion Program
RF: rise-fall
RFD: rise-fall-dwell
RDFD: rise-dwell-fall-dwell
SVAJ Diagrams
Double-Dwell Cam
Double-Dwell Cam
Example 8.1 A Bad Cam!
Consider the following cam design CEP
specification
dwell at zero displacement for 90 degrees
rise 1 in (25 mm) in 90 degrees
dwell at 1 in (25 mm) for 90 degrees
fall 1 in (25 mm) in 90 degrees
cam 2 rad/sec
Double-Dwell Cam
Double-Dwell Cam
Fundamental Law of Cam Design
The cam function must be continuous
through the first and second derivatives
of displacement across the entire
interval (360 degrees)
The jerk function must be finite across the
entire interval
Functions
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Cycloidal Displacement
Double-Dwell Cam
Combine
Constant Acceleration
Trapezoidal Acceleration
Modified Trapezoidal Acceleration
Modified Sinusoidal Acceleration
Sine-Constant-Cosine-Acceleration (SCCA)
Polynomials
Double-Dwell Cam
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
sin
2
cos
2
sin
2
cos 1
2
3
3
2
2
h
j
h
a
h
v
h
s
Double-Dwell Cam
Cycloidal Displacement
Start with the acceleration function (sine
wave)
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
u
t
t |
u
|
u
t
|
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
t
2 sin
2
1
2 cos 1
2 cos 4
2 sin 2
3
2
2
h s
h
v
h
j
h
a
Double-Dwell Cam
Combined Functions
Constant Acceleration
Double-Dwell Cam
Combined Functions
Trapezoidal Acceleration
Double-Dwell Cam
Combined Functions
Double-Dwell Cam
Combined Functions
Double-Dwell Cam
Combined Functions
Modified Sinunusoidal Acceleration
Double-Dwell Cam
Combined Functions
Modified Sinunusoidal Acceleration
Double-Dwell Cam
Sine-Constant-Cosine-Constant (SCCA)
A family of acceleration functions that includes
constant acceleration, simple harmonic, modified
trapezoid, modified sine, and cycloidal curves.
Expression for the functions within each zone are
given in pages 413-415
Double-Dwell Cam
Sine-Constant-Cosine-Constant (SCCA)
Double-Dwell Cam
Comparison of five cam acceleration program
Acceleration
Double-Dwell Cam
jerk
Double-Dwell Cam
velocity
Double-Dwell Cam
Comparison of three cam acceleration program
displacement
Double-Dwell Cam
Polynomial Functions
3-4-5 Polynomial
n
n
x C x C x C x C x C x C C s + + + + + + =
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2 1 0
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2 1 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
C C C C C C s
4
5
3
4
2
3 2 1
5 4 3 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
C C C C C v
3
5
2
4 3 2
20 12 6 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
|
u
|
u
C C C C a
s BC' the from found are s ' C
zero are , ,
2 1 0
C C C
Double-Dwell Cam
Polynomial Functions
4-5 -6-7 Polynomial
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2 1 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
C C C C C C C C s
6
7
5
6
4
5
3
4
2
3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
C C C C C C C v
5
7
4
6
3
5
2
4 3 2
42 30 20 12 6 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
C C C C C C a
s BC' the from found are s ' C
zero are , , ,
3 2 1 0
C C C C
Single Dwell Cam Design
Rise-Fall-Dwell (RFD)
Single-dwell cam specifications
rise: 1 in (25.4mm) in 90 degrees
fall: 1 in (25.4mm) in 90 degrees
dwell: at zero displacement for 180
degrees(low dwell)
cam : 15 rad/sec
Cycloidal Motion
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
u
t
t |
u
|
u
t
|
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
t
2 sin
2
1
2 cos 1
2 cos 4
2 sin 2
3
2
2
h s
h
v
h
j
h
a
Double Harmonic
: rise for the
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
u
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
u
t
2 sin 2 sin
2
2 cos cos
2
2 sin
2
1
sin
2
2 cos 1
4
1
cos 1
2
3
3
2
2
h
j
h
a
h
v
h
s
Double Harmonic
: fall for the
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
u
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
u
t
|
t
|
u
t
|
u
t
2 sin 2 sin
2
2 cos cos
2
2 sin
2
1
sin
2
2 cos 1
4
1
cos 1
2
3
3
2
2
h
j
h
a
h
v
h
s
Double Harmonic
Polynomials
Minimize the number of segments (2)
Minimize the number of boundary conditions
Redefine the CEP specifications
rise-fall: 1 in (25.4 mm) in 90and fall 1 in
90for a total of 180(low dwell)
Cam : 15 rad/sec
Polynomials
Boundary Conditions
Polynomials
Polynomials (Asymmetrical)
Redefine the CEP specifications
rise-fall: 1 in (25.4 mm) in 45and fall 1 in
135for a total of 180(low dwell)
Cam : 15 rad/sec
Two segments( Different order, 6 &7)
Three segments (segment with the smaller
acceleration)
Polynomials (Asymmetrical)
Critical Path Motion
Most common application is for
constant velocity motion
intermittent
continuous
Typical problem
Accelerate the follower from zero to 10
in/sec
Maintain a constant velocity of 10
in/sec for 0.5 sec
Typical problem
decelerate the follower to zero velocity
return the follower to start
position
cycle time exactly 1 sec
Sizing
Major factor that affect cam size
Pressure angle
Radius of curvature
Base circle radius (flat)
The smallest circle that can be drawn tangent
to the physical cam surface
Prime circle radius (roller or curved)
The smallest circle that can be drawn tangent
to the locus of the centerline of the follower
Sizing
Sizing
Pressure angle
The angle between
the direction of
motion (velocity) of
the follower and the
direction of the axis
of transmission
Between 0and 30
Sizing
Pressure angle
Eccentricity
Perpendicular
distance between
the followers axis
of motion and the
center of the cam
The distance b to
the instant center is
equal to the velocity
of the follower
s b V
I
= = e
4 , 2
v b =
Sizing
Pressure angle
Prime Circle
Radius
2 2
arctan
c
c
|
+

=
P
R s
v
Sizing
Pressure angle
Overturning
Translating Flat-
Faced Follower
Sizing
Radius of Curvature (Roller)
No matter how complicated a curves
shape may be, nor how high the
degree of the describing function, it
will have a instantaneous radius of
curvature
Concerns
Large radius
Sizing
Concerns
Undercutting
Sizing
The rule of thumb is to keep the
absolute value of the minimum radius
of curvature of the cam pitch curve 2
to 3 times as large as the radius of
the follower
f
R >>
min
( ) | |
( ) ( ) s R a v s R
v s R
P P
P
pitch
+ + +
+ +
=
2
2
2 / 3
2
2
2
Sizing
Radius of
Curvature (Flat)
( ) s R j x
b A
+ + = R
v x =
min max
v v facewidth >
( )
min min
a s R
b
+ + =
Contour; Cam
( ) u u cos sin v s R r
b
+ + = ( ) u u sin cos v s R q
b
+ =

Cam Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cam Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CAM DESIGN

You might also like