NEW CLASS OF BUCK -BOOST AC-AC FREQUENCY CONVERTERS AND VOLTAGE

CONTROLLERS

Gennady Zinoviev, Maksim Ganin, Evgeny Levin, Aleksey Obuhov, Vladimir Popov
Novosibirsk state technical university,
. Faculty of an industrial electronics engineering
AV. K:Marx, 20, Novosibirsk, 630092, Russia
Ph. 383-2-460866, fax 3 83-2-460209, E-mail: indelect@refnstu.ru

Abstract
Offered new class of buck-boost AC voltage converters and controners are investigated. Boost
converters has become possible at introduction in the AC-AC converters with the switches in
addition to the energy storage reactors and capacitors, and also due to pulse-width control by
energy interchanging between them, similary to appropriate DC-DC converters. The unified
direct method of calculation of such converters are developed.New converters especially suit for
the autonomous power systems "variable speed-constant frequency" and voltage controllers suit
for ac source conditioning systems.

Keywords: converters, control, direct method, autonomous power system, conditioning of electri-
cal energy.

1. Introduction.
The classical voltage controllers and cycloconverters on the basis of bidirectional thyristors with phase
regulation are characterized by power deficiencies, by more significant 111 accordance with the increase of power.
These power problems of voltage controllers and cycloconverters are connected to aggravation of quality of in-
put current and output voltage with increase of depth of regulation of output voltage. Besides all voltage control-
lers and cycloconverters have a voltage conversion factor less than one, that does not allow in transfomerless
circuits to stabilize o u t p t voltage ?t ;t level of nominal voltage at reducing the input voltage.,,
Simple change of element basis with thyristors on transistors, GTO-Thynstors and substitution of a
phase-mode control1 to the pulse-width mode control , though allow to improve input and output power factors
of voltage controllers and cycloconverters , but leave a voltage conversion factor less than one. The adding of
the transformer, sharply aggravates resulting specific weight-dimensional indexes of a voltage controllers and
cycloconverters .
The new class of voltage controllers and cycloconverters [l-41 is investigated in this report. These con-
verters allow to receive on an output voltage both less, and more than input voltage, without use of the
transformer. Thus the quality of their input currents and output voltages by using pulse-width mode control be-
comes much better, than in the circuits with phase mode control of ac voltage.

2. New circuits of converters.

The simple base circuit of one phase buck-boost voltage controller is showed in fig. 1. The circuit also contains
an input LC-low-pass filter.
The principle of operation of a voltage controller is similar to the operation of a buck-boost DC-DC
converter [ 5 ] . During the switch-on the input transistors T1, T2 the energy is accumulated in the input inductor
L. During the swith-on the output transistors T3, T4 the energy from inductor L is passed in the output capacitor

2000 IEEE.
0-7803-6486-4/00/$10.00~
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C and the load. The output voltage can be controled by a change of a correlation of state switch-on and switch-
df.
By the further development were created
the multi-cell circuits of voltage controllers [2],
when each phase is formed by parallel connection
with an input and output of several similar
accumulative cells, with the appropriate shift of the
control. The properties of the multi-cell voltage
controller are deduced fiom the properties of one
cell, the analysis approach of that is given below.
The multi-cell voltage controller is characterized by
the smaller installed power of elements, by the
Fig. 1 better quality of input and output energy and has
more rigid extemal characteristics, than one-cell is
in the fig. 1 .
The creation of multiphase voltage controllers is also possible. In such circuits instead of the bidirec-
tional transistors, as in fig. 1, it is possible to use the transistor with the inverse diode. The example of a three-
phase controller is showed in fig. 2.

Fig. 2 Fig. 3

In case of availability of all ends of a multiphase load and source (in autonomous systems) it is possible to
reduce an amount of transistors up to two, using diode bridges, as shown in fig. 3.

On the basis of any voltage controller is

possible to construct AC-DC the converter, the
example is shown in fig. 4. The dc voltage can be
regulated fiom zero up to values considerably
exceeding standard voltages of classic diode
rectifiers.

Fig. 4

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 The buck-boost cycloconverter is formed from the transistor cycloconverter, loaded on accumulative
inductor, with an output part of a buck-boost voltage controller, showed in fig. 2, that gives the circuit in fig. 5 .
The three-phase input voltages of a main, current of accumulative inductor L and voltage on accumulative
capacitor C of one phase are showed in fig. 6.

Fig. 5 Fig. 6

The second concept of construction of the buck-boost AC-AC and AC-DC converters are realized in the
circuit shown in fig. 7. Here converter consists of two of the same type cells joined on an input in parallel, and
on an output in sequence.

' 1

"- 2

Fig. 7 Fig. 8

The blocks of the voltage source invertors (VSI) are included sequentially with the diode rectifiers,
ensure to control their inputs and, accordingly, output voltages. The mvertors are controled so that their voltage
and current are moved on 90 degree. An active power does not pass through VSI, therefore there is no source of
energy in their dc Iink. Thus one cell of the converter gives a current which is l a g p g behind the voltage of a

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main (fig. 8, diagram l), and second - the same ladding one (fig. 8, diagram 2). As a result the current of an input
source will be in-phase with the voltage, as is showed in fig. 8, diagram 3. .

3. Mathematical model of a converters and its analysis.

The basis circuit of a single-phase voltage controller used for the analysis, is showed in fig. 1,where the load is
the parallel connection of an active resistance RH and inductance LH. The input LC-filter is not taken into
account yet.
The method of an algebraization of the differential equations (ADE) is used. for the analysis of the
circuit. It is possible to write down the following system of the differential equations to the circuit in fig.1:

F, and F~ are switching functions of the keys K 1 and K2 in a system (1). It is possible to receive one equation
fiom a set of equations (1) by means of substitution

d2u
C-+--
dt2
1 du
R~ dt +[$- F,)u = F e .

Further, the standard procedures of a method of the ADE is applied to the equation (2). The expression
for an effective value of the first harmonics of output voltage of a controller with reference effective value an
input voltage E: turns out

In the ratio (3) fl. and F', are the average values of switching functions Fl and F, correspondently.
The expression (3) does not give the phase of output voltage. To determine the phase characteristics of the all
currents and voltages circuit it is convenient to use the method of variables states with decomposition of an
obtained variables on active and reactive components.
The system of differential equations of the ftrst order for a variables states in the matrix shape looks llke

x = A(t)x+B(t)e, (4)

where: x= (i,u,im) - vector of a variables;

0 --€2 0
L
A(t) = --I , B T ( t )=
C
0~

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 With the purpose 'of deriving the algebraic equations for the first harmonics of variables (for effective
values active (a) and reactive (r) of variables states ) we multiply the equation (4) serially on sinwt ,then on
coswt and make it averaged for a period [ 6 ] .Finally we have:

w 0

0 0

0 w

0 0
-
F2 --1
C C

0 0

Or in the matrix shape

AX=U.

The solution looks like

X = A-'U.

The same we can define the effective values of all variables states [6,7].

4. Performance of the circuit.

On the base of the obtained ratio (3) it is possible to construct the control performances U' = f(Fl*) and the
extemal characteristics of the voltage controller U' = f ( ~ ' ),which are showed in fig. 9 and 10. Parameter 'I is a
relative current representing the attitude of a current in an active resistance of a load to a base current:

U*
U*

Fig. 9 Fig. 10

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 The solution (8) was obtained from the equation (6) by the method of Cramer in the program Mathcad
Q..O+. Having these expressions for an active and reactive variables of the circuit, we can receive, for example,
analytical expression for the input displacement factor:

The input displacement factor is constructed in fig. 11 in the function of R* at fixed cosine of a RL-load
and fig. 12 in fmction cosine of a RL-load at fixed resistance of a load ZH.

Fig. 1 1 Fig. 12

Such analysis of the buck-boost frequency converter give the similar external and control characterictics.

5. Conclusion.
The new class of voltage controllers and cycloconverters, having the best parameters is created. We got better
quality of input and output energy and voltage conversion factor is more then one in comparison to the existing
baditional circuits with phase control of output voltage.
Offered cycloconverters are rational for application in the autonomous power systems ,such as cwariable
speed shaft - fixed frequency of voltage)). First of all these are the new systems as the wind power installations
and the air-plane power systems, that are being designed at our faculty.
New voltage controllers especially suit for the electrical energy conditioning installations and for the
installationsof soft starter for the induction motors too.

References.
[ 1J Zinoviev G. S. A regulator of three-phase voltage.Russian patent Ne2 122274.
[2] Zinoviev G.S . , Obuhov A. E. The multicell voltage controller.Russianpatent N92124446
133 Ziniviev G.S., Popov V. I. The immediate frequency converter. Russian Patent NG124263.
141Zinoviev G.S. Converter. Russian Patent NQ137283
[5] Sevems R., Bloom G. Modem DC-to-DC switchmode converter circuits. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1985.
[6]Zinoviev G. S. Concept of Definition of Electromagnetic Compatibility Factors of Power Converters with a
Supply Line and Load. Proceedings of PEMC ' 96. Hungary, Budapest. 1996. v, 2,p. 201-204.
!7] Zinoviev G. S. Electromagnetic compatibilityof power converters. NSTU, 1998,90 p.

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