Justifying circumstances are based on lack of criminal intent. Hence if there is no criminal intent, there is no crime.

Ex-delicto means civil liability arising from a crime If there is no crime therefore there is no civil liability The principle of unjust enrichment The scope of self defense includes defense of person, rights, property, etc.. Unlawful aggression must be actual, physical, unlawful aggression. This must be immediate and imminent in happening. When you repel something, you repel an actual unlawful aggression When you prevent something, you prevent an actual unlawful aggression that is already happening. The concept of provocation it must be sufficient, unlawful, reasonable of the weapons used, and immediately preceding the act. In the case of u.s vs. laurel, the defense made by exequiel for his girlfriend is far too away from the span of time of its happening as compared to the events of quarrel that happened between him and the accused laurel. Mere acts of picking up a knife do not constitute unlawful aggression. When the unlawful aggression had already When there is agreement between parties to attack each other, they cannot claim legitimate self defense. As of a duel, boxing, etc. But if one attacks the other ahead of the designated time, he may be imposed by the element of self defense. Reasonable necessity of the course of action taken is determined by the place, by the time, and other elements and circumstances surrounding the case. The reasonableness of the means employed to prevent aggression is determined by the weapons used, physical conditions of parties involved, that are equivalent rationally to the means of attack and means of defense.

The concept of provocation mitigating the act must be sufficient, unlawful, exclusively viable by the person defending, and immediately preceding the act Defense of property must be coupled with an attack on the person defending. There is no rational equivalence between right to property and right to life. In self defense, the person defending must not have any provocation. Provocation is an issue in self defense In defense of a relative, provocation on the part of the relative is also an issue, in so far as the person defending for the relative had no participation in the provocation therein. In defense of a stranger, provocation is not an issue as long as he can claim that he was not induced by revenge, resentment, and evil motives.