Gait abnormality is a deviation from normal walking (gait).

Watching a patient walk is the most important part of the neurological examination. Normal gait requires that many systems, including strength, sensation and coordination, function in an integrated fashion. Many common problems in the nervous [1] system and musculoskeletal system will show up in the way a person walks.

Types
Scissor gait Antalgic gait Cerebellar ataxia Festinating gait Pigeon gait Propulsive gait Steppage gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Myopathic gait Magnetic gait Trendelenburg gait Waddling gait Freezing gait

1)

Scissor gait

Scissor gait is a form of gait abnormality primarily associated with spastic cerebral palsy. It is associated with an upper motor neuron lesion.[1]
]Presentation

This gait pattern[2] is reminiscent of a marionette. Hypertonia in the legs, hips and pelvis means these areas become flexed, to various degrees, giving the appearance of crouching, while tight adductors produce extreme adduction, presented by knees and thighs hitting, or sometimes even crossing, in a scissors-like movement while the opposing muscles, the abductors, become comparatively weak from lack of use. Most common in patients with spastic cerebral palsy, usually diplegic and paraplegic varieties, the individual is often also forced to walk on tiptoe unless the plantarflexor muscles are released by an orthaepedic surgical procedure.

These features are most typical with the scissors gait and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition:

rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing plantar flexion of the ankle flexion at the knee adduction and internal rotation at the hip progressive contractures of all spastic muscles complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking [3].[4]

[]Conditions

associated with a scissor gait

Arthrogryposis Spastic diplegia Pernicious anemia Cerebrovascular accident Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy (a problem with the vertebrae in the neck) Liver failure Multiple sclerosis Spinal cord trauma Spinal cord tumor Syphilitic meningomyelitis Syringomyelia other forms of Cerebral palsy

2)

Antalgic gait

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Antalgic gait is a form of gait abnormality where the stance phase of gait is abnormally shortened relative to the swing phase. It can be a good indication of pain with weightbearing.[1]
]Conditions

associated with an antalgic gait

Coxalgia[2] Legg-Calv-Perthes Syndrome

 3)

Osteoarthritis Pelvic girdle pain tarsal tunnel syndrome[3] Trauma

Parkinsonian gait

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Festinating gait)

Typical posture of a person with Parkinson's Disease. Illustration of the Parkinson disease by SirWilliam Richard Gowers from A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System in 1886

Parkinsonian gait (or festinating gait, from Latin festinare [to hurry]) is the type of gaitexhibited by patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD)[1]. This disorder is caused by adeficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia circuit leading to motor deficits. Gait is one of the most affected motor characteristics of this disorder although symptoms of Parkinson's diseaseare varied. Parkinsonian gait is characterized by small shuffling steps and a general slowness of movement (hypokinesia), or even the total loss of movement (akinesia) in the extreme cases.[2][3][4] Patients with PD demonstrate reduced stride length and walking speed during free ambulation while double support duration and cadence rate are increased.[5][6][7][8] The patient has difficulty starting, but also has difficulty stopping after starting. This is due to muscle hypertonicity

4)

Trendelenburg gait

The Trendelenburg gait pattern (or gluteus medius lurch) is an abnormal gait (as with walking) caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. People with a lesion of superior gluteal nerve have weakness of abducting the thigh at the hip. This type of gait may also be seen in L5 radiculopathy and after poliomyelitis, but is then usually seen in combination with foot drop. During the stance phase, the weakened abductor muscles allow the pelvis to tilt down on the opposite side. To compensate, the trunk lurches to the weakened side to attempt to maintain a level pelvis throughout the gait cycle. The pelvis sags on the opposite side of the lesioned superior gluteal nerve. This gait is precipitated by strain to the gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus. Sufferers frequently complain that an overly strenuous session at the gymparticularly with gluteisolating equipmentresult in this awkward gait, or worse. Biofeedback and physical therapy have been used in treatment.[1]
5)

Trendelenburg gait

The Trendelenburg gait pattern (or gluteus medius lurch) is an abnormal gait (as with walking) caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. People with a lesion of superior gluteal nerve have weakness of abducting the thigh at the hip. This type of gait may also be seen in L5 radiculopathy and after poliomyelitis, but is then usually seen in combination with foot drop. During the stance phase, the weakened abductor muscles allow the pelvis to tilt down on the opposite side. To compensate, the trunk lurches to the weakened side to attempt to maintain a level pelvis throughout the gait cycle. The pelvis sags on the opposite side of the lesioned superior gluteal nerve. This gait is precipitated by strain to the gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus. Sufferers frequently complain that an overly strenuous session at the gymparticularly with glute-isolating equipmentresult in this awkward gait, or worse. Biofeedback and physical therapy have been used in treatment.[1

6)

A gait pattern in which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; Steppage usually secondary to dorsiflexor weakness. The foot will slap at initial contact with the ground secondary to the decreased control.

7)

A gait pattern characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase; this may be Circumduction used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion.
8)

A gait pattern characterized by staggering and Ataxic unsteadiness. There is usually a wide base of support and movements are exaggerated.
9) waddling gait
exaggerated alternation of lateral trunk movements with an exaggerated elevation of the hip, suggesting the gait of a duck.