Compact UWB Notch Filter Parasitic Microstrip Antenna

D. Rajesh, P. K. Sahu

Electrical Department,
Aational Institute of 1echnology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India-798
Email. rafeshroy423yahoo.co.in ana pksahunitrkl.ac.in



ABSTRACT: In this paper, a low-cost compact microstrip line-Ied antenna with parasitic patches resulting Wide-band
characteristics with a band dispensation is presented. The antenna was implemented on FR4 substrate with a thickness oI
1.6 mm and relative permittivity oI 4.4. It has a partial ground plane. This antenna is exited by a microstrip-line Ieed.
The return loss is less than -10 dB in 3.7 GHz11.6 GHz Irequency range with Possible UWB application .The proposed
antenna is also simulated with band notch in 5 GHz-6 GHz Irequency range by introducing an inverted U shape slot.
The return lossresults and radiation pattern plots oI the antenna are included in this paper. The perIormance
characteristics oI the proposed antenna are simulated using CST microwave studio 2008 soItware.

Key words. Microstrip antenna, ultra wide band, notch band, microstrip-line Ieed.

1. INTRODUCTION:

Conventional microstrip antennas in general have a conducting patch printed on a grounded microwave substrate, and
have the attractive Ieatures oI low proIile, light weight and easy Iabrication |1|-|4|. However microstrip antennas
inherently have a narrow bandwidth. Since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Iirst approved rules Ior the
commercial use oI ultra-wideband (UWB) in 2002, the experiments on ultra wide band (UWB) systems |5, 6| have been
expanding rapidly. Some systems in its Irequency domain like WLAN Ior IEEE 802.11a/b/g operating in 5.15 GHz-
5.825 GHz. This interIeres with the UWB systems degrading the overall system perIormance in terms oI increasing
pulse distortion and bit error rate (BER). It is desirable to design the UWB antenna with notched Irequency band in 56
GHz to minimize the potential interIerences between UWB system and narrowband systems. So Iar, several design
methods and structures have been reported |7|-|10|. Printed compact microstrip antennas are good candidates Ior sensor
systems because oI its wide impedance bandwidth, omni-directional radiation pattern and small size. These Ieatures are
attractive Ior integration with portable UWB devices. ThereIore UWB printed monopole antenna |11| with embedded
Irequency band notch rejection and Irequency switchable capabilities is desired. There are various methods to achieve
the band-notched characteristics. The conventional methods are cutting a slot (i.e., U-shaped, arc shaped and pi-shaped
slot) on the patch, inserting a slit on the patch and embedding a quarter wavelength tuning stub within a large slot on the
patch. Microstrip antennas have simple Ieed |12| methods, especially microstrip-line and coplanar waveguide (CPW)
Ieeds make them compatible with wireless communication integrated circuitry.

In this paper, a new compact microstrip line-Ied antenna with band notch characteristics Ior UWB wireless applications
is proposed. Here a new technique has been involved to improve the impedance bandwidth. Symmetrical bevel slots are
Iormed on the bottom edge oI radiation patch and introducing the parasitic elements provides a signiIicant wideband
impedance bandwidth. The simulated -10 dB reIlection coeIIicient shows that the proposed antenna achieves a
bandwidth ranging Irom 3.8 GHz11.44 GHz without notch band. The proposed antenna is also simulated with band
notch characteristics in Irequency range 4.85 GHz-5.85 GHz by introducing an inverted U shape slot. The proposed
antenna presents omni-directional radiation patterns across the whole operating band in the H-plane. The perIormance
characteristics oI the proposed antenna are simulated using CST microwave studio 2008 soItware.

2. ANTENNA DESIGN AND RESULTS:

A. UWB Antenna Design and Results

Fig. 1 shows the geometry oI the proposed antenna1. It consists oI a rectangular radiation patch with symmetrical bevel
slots placed on the lower side oI the patch and two parasitic patches are placed above the substrate and a partially
modiIied rectangular ground plane is placed below the substrate. These slots with dimensions and the size oI parasitic
patches play a signiIicant role to achieve a broad impedance bandwidth. The cutting oI slots results in steps on the lower
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978-1-4244-9134-6/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE
side oI the radiation patch. The antenna is designed on a 16 mm29 mm FR4 substrate with dielectric constant oI 4.4
and substrate thickness oI 1.6 mm and which is Ied by a microstrip line oI width 1.4 mm and length 15.6 mm. Antenna
structure is a rectangular patch oI W1L1 (W17 mm, L111.5 mm) with the two notches oI dimensions 1 mm 2.5
mm at the two lower corners oI the patch. The gap between the radiating patch and 16 mm 14 mm ground plane is 1.5
mm. The size oI each parasitic patch is W2L2 (W21.4 mm, L27.1 mm). There is an 0.1 mm gap between the
parasitic and driven patch. The parasitic patch is placed 3.4 mm above the bottom edge oI driven patch.

3 6 9 12 15
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
R
e
t
u
r
n

l
o
s
s
(
d
B
)
Frequency(GHz)
With parasitic patches
witout parasitic patches

Fig.1 ConIiguration oI proposed parasitic UWB antenna.1 Fig. 2 Simulated return loss Ior the proposed antenna 1wth parasitic
(W17 mm, W21.4 mm, L111.5 mm, L27.1 mm) patches and without parasitic patches

All the simulation results are carried out by CST microwave 2008 soItware. The simulated return loss in 1GHz15 GHz
Irequency range is shown in Fig. 2. Return loss below 10 dB is witnessed over the 3.7 GHz11.6 GHz band. To
demonstrate the eIIect oI parasitic patch in the antenna it was simulated with and without the parasitic patches and the
results oI return loss are shown in Iig 2. We observed that there is a band notch occurred in the Irequency range oI 7.8
GHz-9.8GHz Ior proposed antenna without parasitic patches. So to eliminate the band notch a set oI parasitic patches
were introduced in the proposed antenna.

The variation oI diIIerent gap sizes between the driven patch and the parasitic patches were simulated. We observed that
there the 0.1 mm gap has a wide-band range with suIIicient return loss below the -10 dB line. The variation oI parasitic
patches with the relative shiIt oI parasitic patches with respect to the driven patch is also simulated. We Iound that the
3.4 mm relative shiIt with lower edge is having the more return loss band width.

EhtZ

To reduce the interIerences Irom the HIPERLAN/2 WLAN systems, the band-notched Iunction is desirable in the UWB
system. Fig. 3 shows the geometry and dimensions oI the UWB antenna with Iiltering property operating in the 5 GHz-6
GHz band (denoted as antenna 2). By etching an inverted U-shape slot in the rectangular radiating patch oI antenna 1 a
Irequency band notch is created. Note that when the band-notched design applied to antenna 1, there is no retuning work
required Ior the previously determined dimensions. Generally the design concept oI the notch Iunction is to adjust the
total length oI the inverted U-shape slot to be approximately halI-wavelength at the desired notched Irequency, which
makes the input impedance singular.

Fig.4 shows the simulated return loss characteristics Ior the antenna 2 with band notch characteristics and without band
notch characteristics. We observed that there is a band notch occurred in the Irequency range oI 4.85 GHz- 5.85 GHz.
Proposed antenna 2 is also studied with parametric study. The return loss characteristics Ior diIIerent values oI inverted
U shape slot length are also simulated and shown in Fig.5. Clearly we observed that at L313.5 mm band notch is
occurred between 5 GHz-6 GHz.

279

5 10 15
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
R
e
t
u
r
n

l
o
s
s

(
d
B
)
Frequency (GHz)
Without inverted U Slot
With inverted U Slot


Fig. 3 ConIiguration oI proposed UWB antenna with notch Fig. 4 Simulated return loss characteristics

Ior the proposed antenna 2

characteristics (Antenna 2) (W31.2 mm, L313.5 mm) with inverted U-shape slot and without inverted U slot
5 10 15
-30
-20
-10
0
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

(
d
B
)
Frequency (GHz)
L3=16.5 mm
L3=13.5 mm
L3=10.5 mm
L3=7.5 mm

Fig.5 Simulated return loss characteristics Ior the proposed antenna 2 with various inverted U-shape slot lengths ( L3)

Fig. 6 shows the simulated current distributions at diIIerent Irequencies by using CST microwave studio 2008. In Fig. 6
(a) and (c), at Irequencies 3.9 GHz and 10 GHz the current distributions mainly Ilow along the transmission line and
radiating patch, while around the inverted U-shape slot the current is small. At 5.6 GHz as shown in Fig. 6 (b) the
current distribution Ilows around the Inverted U-shape slot. In this case, destructive interIerence Ior the excited surIace
currents in the antenna will occur, which causes the antenna to be nonresponsive at that Irequency. The impedance near
by the Ieed-point changes acutely making large reIlection at the desired notched Irequency.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 6 Simulated current distributions at diIIerent Irequencies (a) 3.9 GHz, (b) 5.6 GHz, (c) 10 GHz.

Fig. 7 shows the simulated voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) Ior the proposed antenna 2.We observed that VSWR oI
the proposed antenna 2 is below 2 in entire Irequency range 3.7 GHz to 11 GHz except at notch band Irequency range
4.85 GHz to 5.85 GHz. Simulated radiation patterns with diIIerent Irequencies are shown in Fig. 8. The simulated
radiation patterns Ior the proposed antenna at 3.9 GHz and 10.2 GHz. Monopole-like radiation patterns in y-z planes and
280
x-z planes are observed. The radiation patterns in the azimuthal plane (x-z plane) are approximately omni-directional.
The antenna gain is varying Irom about 2.55 dBi to 4.25 dBi across the entire band width.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
2
4
6
8
10
V
S
W
R
Frequency (GHz)
VSWR

&^s^tZ', &^Z
',',

CONCLUSION:
A compact and ultra wide-band microstrip line-Ied antenna with the wide band Irequency characteristic has been
proposed and the results are simulated. The dimensions oI the notch in the radiation patch, length oI parasitic patch and
gap between the driven patch and the parasitic patch were optimized by parametric analysis. The proposed antenna
resulted in wide-bandwidth perIormance Irom 3.7 GHz to 11.6 GHz. The proposed antenna is also simulated with band
notch characteristics in the Irequency range 5 GHz-6 GHz. The gain is varied Irom 2.35 dBi to 4.19 dBi across the entire
bandwidth. The radiation patterns are approximately omni-directional in H-plane in entire bandwidth. The proposed
antenna can be a good choice Ior handheld UWB applications.
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