05 May, 2010 Tanvir H Dewan Course Co-ordinator, College of Business Administration IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and

Technology 4, Embankment Drive Road, Uttara Model Town, Sector 10, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh. Subject: Letter of Transmittal. Dear Sir, This is a great opportunity & immense for me to submit this proposal on the topic of How to prevent Electric Power Crisis in Bangladesh. I have prepared this proposal as partial fulfillment of the course ART 203. I have tried my level best to prepare this report to the required standard. It was certainly a great opportunity for me to work on this paper to actualize my theoretical knowledge in the practical arena. I express my heart full gratitude to you to go through this report and make your valuable comments. It would be very kind of you, if you please evaluate my performance regarding this proposal. Thank you Sincerely Yours, Saw Ahmed -Iv

Acknowledgement This Project which is entitled as How to prevent Electric Power Crisis in Bangladesh is talking about the basic process of collecting the skilled persons & posted them to the right position in the organization. In the process of conducting this research project, I would lick to express my gratitude and respect to some respectable person for their enormous help and giant support. First of all I would like to thank to Tanvir H Dewan Coordinator College of Business Administration who helped me a lot by his brilliant guidelines to make this proposal, without which it was not possible to conduct it. The author is thankful to all the teachers of the department of electrical and electronic engineering for providing the necessary facilities required for this report. The authors are also grateful to the engineers and employees of Bangladesh Power Development Board. Finally I wish to acknowledge those who directly or indirectly helped us in connection with this work. 05 May, 2010 Author IUBAT, Uttara, Dhaka. 9 .1 Sazu Ahmed

Table of Contents I. Preparatory Part: A. Title Fly I B. Topic Name II C. Request for Proposal III D. Letter of Transmittal IV E. Acknowledgement V F. Table of Contents VI G. List of Illustration VIII H. Executive Summary IX II. Text of the Proposal 1.0 Introduction 10 2.0 Background 11-19 2.1 Power sector development in Bangladesh from 1972-96 12 2.2 Target and achievement of Fourth five years plan 14 2.3 Trends in net generation, sales, losses and customer numbers (2002-07) . . . .16 2.4 Power Sector at a glance (As on June 2007) 17 2.5 Present Structure of the Power Sector Owner 18 2.6 Bangladesh Power Sector: Current Structure 18 2.7 Power Distribution System of Bangladesh 19 3.0 Objective of power crisis and way out 20 4.0 Scope of work 20 5.0 Methodology 20 6.OWorkPlan 21 Course work 21 Fieldwork 21 7.0 Summary 22-24 - VI-

III. Supplementary Part 1. Bibliography 25 2. Appendix 26 3.Index 27

List of Illustrations Table 2.1: Power sector development in Bangladesh from 1972-96 12 Table 2.2 Target and achievement of Fourth five years plan 14 Table 2.3 Trends in net generation, sales, losses and customer numbers (2002-2007) 16 Table 2.4 Power Sector at a glance (Generation, Transmission, Distribution as on June 2007) 17 Chart 2.1 Bangladesh Power Sector: Current Structure 18 Figure 2.1: Power Distribution System of Bangladesh 19 -VIII -

Executive Summary Electric power crisis in Bangladesh is a crucial problem which is effecting our national development and civilization. The global energy crisis has attracted the attention of the developing and developed countries to explore and find out new means of energy sources to meet this ever increasing demand for the mankind as the conventional main sources of energy. Electrical energy is an important index of a countrys economic and technological progress. The electricity infrastructure is old and badly maintained, breaks down frequently and is inadequate to meet the demand. Power cuts are frequent; many areas are only supplied for a few hours a day. Some areas have no power for days at a time when a local generator fails. For the ruling class, it impedes productivity, forcing shutdowns of workplaces when supply fails. For workers, it means loss of income due to these unpaid stoppages. For the wider society, air conditioning stops and makes crowded urban areas even more unbearable in hot weather. Lack of refrigeration encourages traders to regularly doctor food with dangerous cheap preservatives such as formaldehyde. Water supplies are also affected, as much of it is dependent on electric pumps extracting groundwater supplies, both for domestic use and for farm irrigation. In Bangladesh the installed capacity has been increased by more than 10 times during the last 25 years that is from 2600GWh to 2O800GWh in 2005 power demand has also gone up steeply in 2004-05 the maximum generation increased to 372 1MW compared to previous years 3 592MW in spite of shortage of available generation capacity with respect to increasing demand. In this paper, a qualitative solution for this problem is placed for consideration. We hope that if the proper authority follows this solution, power crisis will be solved above eighty percent at present condition. -Ix -

1.0 Introduction: Power plays a great role wherever man lives and works in industry, agriculture, and transportation etc. power provides our homes with light and heat. The living standard and prosperity of a nation vary directly with increase in use of power. As technology is advancing the consumption of power is steadily rising. Electrical power is generated, just like tangible items such as clothing, furniture or tools. Present generation of electric power in Bangladesh is not sufficient to meet the consumers growing demand. So it is not possible to ensure a constant supply or electric power to all consumers throughout the country. In the present situation total generation of electric power is 3721MW but demand of power all over the country is 4600MW. Moreover the demand is increasing day by day. So it is obvious that we have to set up more generating station for over demanding load. Government of Bangladesh has so many limitations to set up sufficient power station. On the other hand, the existing power stations have lost their life time; they are not reliable for steady generation. So we have to replace old generating units in various power stations. That is shortage of power is serious problem and strong barrier for the development of our country. This project and report is an approach to solve this serious national problem through study and analysis of power stations in Bangladesh. Page # 10

2.0 Background: At the time of partition of India in the year 1947, Power Generation and distribution of this part of the country (present Bangladesh) was in the hands of some private companies. The power supply to 17 districts was within the township in a limited way. Power used to be supplied to most of the district during the night time only and the supply voltage was 400 volts. Only exception was Dhaka City where power used to be supplied by 2 Nos. of 1500 KW generators and the generation voltage was 6.6 KV and this was the highest distribution voltage. Besides, power used to be generated by some industries and railway workshops. With all these the total power generation capacity in the country was 21 MW. The generation capacity of the power utility companies together was only 7 MW and there was no transmission system. Electricity Directorate was created in the year 1948 in order to plan and develop power supply situation of the country. After the creation of Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in the year 1959 Electricity Directorate was merged with WAPDA in 1960. After that it started working as a statutory organization. During, the War of Liberation WAPDA was bifurcated into two autonomous Boards under an Ordinance (P.O. 59 of 1972). East Pakistans WAPDA was rechristened as Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) and was solely entrusted with responsibility of Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution of electricity throughout the country. However, during the War of Liberation, power installations suffered extensive damage. As a result, at the worst case, peak demand dropped to 30 MW from the pre-liberation level of 225 MW. So, after independence the immediate problem facing Bangladesh was of rehabilitating the marginalized power supply. By the end of 1972-73, a rehabilitation and development programme was undertaken in the First Five Year Plan. However, due to the shortage of funds the programme was carried over to the Two Year Plan. Several projects, initiated before the Liberation War was completed and a number of new projects were undertaken during this period. As a result, installed generation capacity increased to 822 MW from 545 MW, while the peak demand rose to 462 MW from 222 MW. However, during this period the power sector was marked with the operational issues, as a result the operational capacity remained much lower. Page # 11

Further, to reduce the gap between demand and generation capacity, the Second Plan undertook a rapid expansion programme. The most important achievement during this period was the construction of the East-West electrical inter-connector which enabled the transfer of gas-based low cost power from the east to the west. Five power generation plants having a total installed capacity of 330 MW were completed during this period. But generation capacity still lagged behind the demand. The main constraint to the expansion of power supply was shortfall of resources coupled with a huge system loss and a slow response to tariff adjustment against rising fuel cost. By the end of the Second Plan, the system loss stood at 37.5 per cent. An investment programme of Tk. 14,370 million at 1979/80 price was undertaken. The Second Plan also pursued a policy of substituting imported fuel by natural gas. A significant progress was made in this direction. By the end of 1984/85, total number of electricity consumers stood at about 964,000 compared with 522,000 in 1979/80. Table shows the progress of power development in the country during 1972-96. 2.1 Power sector development in Bangladesh from 1972-96: Items 1972 1973 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 Installed Capacity 550 608 752 822 1,141 2,352 2,908 2,908 (MW) Effective Generation 469 455 557 625 1,018 1,834 2,133 2,105 (MW)

Maximum Demand 183 222 396 462 887 1,509 1,970 2,087 (MW) 230 kV Transmission 179 250 419 419 Line (Km) 132 kV Transmission 828 828 1,395 1596 1,971 2,235 2,469 3,017 Line (Km) 66 kV Transmission 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 Line (Km) Distribution Line(Km) (33

9,010 9,686 17,003 20,256 34,796 69,731 103,540 121,817 kv & below) No. of Consumers 254,584 277,884 403,518 529,660 848,152 1,670,137 2,766,765 3,090,829 Per Capita Generation 15.6 22.9 27 46 70 92 95 (kwh) Table 2.1: Power sector development in Bangladesh from 972-96. Page # 12

Ensuring supply ahead of demand is the ideal situation in case of electricity for meeting manufacturing, irrigation, commercial and domestic needs of any economy. However, it was not possible to do so in Bangladesh. Against a peak demand of 1640 MW in 1990/91 and 1970 MW in 1994/95, the installed capacity was only 2352 MW and 2908 MW respectively. The operational capacity (2133 MW) was again interrupted by occasional power outages owing to fluctuations in gas pressure, transmission and distribution faults. These caused enormous losses to industrial production and commercial activities. However, Irrigation suffered relatively less due to its use of diesel power and electricity supplied by REB in off- peak hours. Electricity generation, transmission and distribution require large financial investment. Besides Bangladesh having considerable gas reserve and promising potentials, however due to high system loss, large account receivables, poor management, inability to rationalize tariff rate and delay in introduction of reforms the concessional loans for the power sector from the multilateral development partners was not made available in the Fourth Plan period. The Fourth Plan was formulated with a public sector allocation of Tk. 64,500 million at 1989/90 prices for the power sector. This allocation was inadequate in relation to the physical targets set in the Plan document. Due to shortage of both local and external resources, the Plan allocation as well as Plan targets had to be revised. The revised allocation was Tk. 45,360 million at 1989/90 price level. Consequently, needed investments for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity could not be made during 1990-95. Hard term suppliers credit and inadequate government resources made it possible to add only about 581 MW of generation capacity in the following power plants during the Fourth Plan Period. 1. Raozan (Chittagong Power Plant (1st Unit) - 210 MW 2. Sylhet Combined Cycle Power Plant - 90 MW 3. Baghabari Power Plant - 71 MW 4. Ghorashal Power Plant (5th Unit) - 210 MW However, due to non-completion of scheduled rehabilitation of some power stations, generation capability decreased by 271 MW and about 11 MW capabilities was retired during the period. The net capacity increase was thus 299 MW. In addition, reduced gas Page # 13

supply caused shut-down of some power stations resulting in lower operational supply of electricity. Major targets as well as the achievements during the Plan period are shown in the table below. 2.2 Target and achievement of Fourth five years plan: Agency Particulars Actual Fourth Plan Achievement Cumulative Position in (1994-95) Position in 1989/90 Target New Addition during Fourth Plan (1990-95) BPDB Installed Capacity (MW) Capacity (MW) Transmission Line(km)230kv, 132kv & 66kv Grid Substation capacity (MVA) 230kv,132kv& 66kv Distribution line km (33kv & below) Consumer connection (No.) 2352 1834 2503 4150 30256 (Excluding DESA) 850,438 2878 2743 3151 2621 36734 1,050,000 581 581 552 2369 4437 225,296

*2908 **2133 3055 6519 34693 1,075,734 REB Distribution line km Electrified village (Number) Consumer connection (No.) 35333 8545 495,565 61188 14530 962,962 29853 7939 679,006 65186 16484 1,17457 1 DESA Transmission line (km) 132 kv Grid Substation capacity 221 433 104 874 325 1307 Table 2.2 Target and achievement of Fourth five years plan. * 2352 MW + 581 MW new 25 MW retired/standby = 2908 MW ** 1834 MW + 581 MW new 11 MW retired 271 MW derated/decrease for maintenance & rehabilitation = 2133 MW Page 14

During late 1990s reforms were initiated with organizational changes being made in the area of transmission and distribution of power in the country with Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) being entrusted with generation, transmission and distribution in urban areas. Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA) under the DESA Act as amended in 1998 was restructured into a corporate body with an independent Board of Directors. DESA was mandated with distribution of electricity in the Greater Dhaka area and Rural Electrification Board (REB) undertaking distribution in the rural areas. As a result outlaying areas outside metropolitan Dhaka with 4,100 km of assets was transferred to REB. This transfer resulted in an increase in demand of 8 Palli Bidyut Samities (PBSs) around Dhaka from 110 MW in FY 1997 to 575 MW in FY 2003 and also resulted in system loss reduction. Power generation and distribution was opened to both local and foreign private investments with the formulation of The Private Sector Power Generation Policy in 1996. A Rural Power Company (RPC) was set up for generation and supply of power exclusively to the REB. Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited (DESCO) was incorporated in November 1996 with ultimate objective of taking over all assets from DESA. DESCO commenced commercial operation from 1 September 1998 by taking over Mirpur area from DESA. DESCO has a fhlly independent board and introduced commercially oriented business culture with new service rules. DESCO has succeeded in reducing system loss from 43% at the time of taking over to 19% in June 2003. Billing and collections have substantially improved. Power Grid Company Limited of Bangladesh (PGCB) was incorporated on 21 November 1996 to take over entire transmission assets of BPDB and DESA by December 2002. PGCB has taken over 100 percent of transmission assets from BPDP. Transmission assets of DESA (other than those that form integral part of DESA operation) have also been handed over to PGCB by December 2002. PGCB is fully responsible for construction of all new transmission assets. Power Division was established in 1998 under the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources vide Cabinet Division Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998. It is entrusted with the responsibility of overall management of the power sector in Page # 15

Bangladesh. Further, Power Cell has been created by the government under Power Division, Ministry of Power, and Energy & Mineral Resources under TA for Implementation of Bangladesh power sector reform project to carry forward the Power Sector reform activities of the government of Bangladesh. Power Cell drafted Electricity Reform Bill with assistance from both World Bank and Asian Development Bank. The Cabinet approved draft of the bill in 2000, and again in 2002. Of late, the Government decided to enact a single bill entitled Energy Regulatory Commission Bill to cover electricity, gas and oil sectors. Integrated bill was cleared by the parliament on 10 March 2003 and led to the formulation of Bangladesh Electricity Regulatory Commission. In Bangladesh, 90 million of the population out of 140 million does not have direct access to electricity and remaining 50 million people have access but reliable and quality power is still beyond their reach. The installed generation capacity has grown to 5269 MW (as on June 2007) from a meager 88 MW in 1960. Electricity generation grew at about 7% p. a. during last fifteen years compared with average annual GDP growth rate of about 5.5%. Table below gives detail of net generation, sales, losses and customer number. 2.3 Trends in net generation, sales, losses and customer numbers (2002-07): Description 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 (June_07) Electricity sent out (GWh) 17445 18,422 20302 21408 22978 23267 Growth in Electricity sent out 7.30% 5.60% 10.20% 5.40% 7.30% 1.30% Transmission loss 3.80% 3.80%

3.50% 3.60% 3.50% 3.50% Distribution loss 24.50% 22.30% 2 1.30% 20% 19.20% 18.80% Electricity sales (GWh) 15243.00% 16332 18024 19122 20836 20900 Growth in 1 8.90% electricity sales Average number ofi 7000.00% customers (,000s) 7.10% 7700 10.40% 8405 6.10% 9076 9% 9800 0.30% 10500 Table 2.3 Trends in net generation, sales, losses and customer numbers (2002-2007) Page 16

Notwithstanding the progress made to date, Bangladeshs per capita electricity generation of 165 kWh p.a. is still among the lowest in the world. About 43% of the population has access to electricity, which is also low compared to many developing countries. This implies that there is scope for significant growth in power sector. Given the huge investment requirement for power development in the country, Bangladesh would be looking forward to various sources of finance. The table below depicts power sector at a glance. 2.4 Power Sector at a glance (As on June 2007): Transmission Line 230kV 1,467 Cktkm 132 kV Capacity of Grid S/S 5,578 Cktkm Totali 7,044 Ckt km 230/132kV 5,175MVA 132/33 kV 7,219 MVA Generation Installed Capacity (a) BPDB 3,872 MW (b) IPP & Mixed Sector Total 1,397 MW Total 5,269 MW Maximum Demand Served Total 3,785 MW Net Energy Generation 23,267 MkWh Distribution Distribution Line (33 kV, 11 kV & 0.4 kV) 2,7 1,142 km

2.5 Present Structure of the Power Sector Owner: > Power Division Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources > Generation Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) Ashuganj Power Station Company, Ltd (APSCL) Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh Ltd. (EGCBL) Rural Power Company Ltd. (RPCL) Independent Power Producers (IPPs) > Transmission Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. (PGCB) > Distribution Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) Rural Electrification Board (REB) Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA) Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) West Zone Power Distribution Co., Ltd. (WZPDCL) > Reguiator Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission 2.6 Bangladesh Power Sector: Current Structure Transmission b1strIbu*iii erneratIon Chart 2.1 Bangladesh Power Sector: Current Structure. Page #18

3.0 Objective of power crisis and way out: 1. To study the power crisis in Bangladesh. 2. To study the annual report of BPDB. 3. To study the different types of power stations such as Hydro-electric power station, thermal power station, diesel power station, gas turbine power station and nuclear power station. 4. To study the cost of different power station. 5. To study the power system of Bangladesh. 6. To propose way out of the power crisis in Bangladesh. 40 Scope of work: The scope of work under the assignment shall include the following: 1. Collect information on assessment methodology and implementation 2. Collect participants profile 3. Collect modules and handouts 4. Observe sample 5. Carry out any other necessary activities relating to the task 5.0 Methodology: For the purpose of assessing quality and effective of the assignment the approach adopted will include the followings: > Review and relevance of field work > Ensure appropriate survey materials > The methodology will be fully developed with availability of more information as well as theoretical exploration. Page # 20

6.0 Work Plan: Course work: Gathering knowledge from university course work on different Power related course. Field work: Applying the acquired knowledge through multiple surveys in Annual report of Bangladesh Power Development Board, Polly Biddute Samitti, different types of power stations such as Hydro-electric power station, thermal power station, diesel power station, gas turbine power station and nuclear power station. Page #21

7.0 Summary: 80 Million People do not have access to electricity. Rest 60 Million are getting unreliable power. Load shed up to 1500 MW during hot summer days. Shortage and unreliable power supply has constrained. Our Goals for the Power Sector, to make electricity available for all by the year 2020. To ensure reliable and quality supply of electricity. To provide electricity at a reasonable and affordable price. Availability of primary fuel for power generation in future is a major challenge. The production of electrical energy has played a vital rule in development of civilization. There has been a universal basic drive towards batter living through expended utilization of energy. The advancement of a country is measured in terms of per capital consumption of electrical energy. In earlier days, electrical energy was supply by the localized generators. But with the advancement of time the generators were interconnected which results in the development of more and more complex power system. The power system is described by three portions, generation, transmission & distribution of electrical energy. Power crisis and its solution is most important phenomenon at present condition. Bangladesh power development board is an organization in our country which supplies electrical power through transmission and distribution. The people of Bangladesh have been suffering from lack of electricity for the last few years. Power distribution lines have been expanded to cover more consumers but production of electricity did not increase. The main reason behind this is corruption. The present government is doing the job of eliminating corruption. There are some problems with the policy that was followed in the power sector. This sector was always under government control. Recently large scale investment from private sector was encouraged. But it did not solve the problem for various reasons. In the context of Bangladesh, this problem can easily be solved by micro enterprise or micro investment. For the success of that strategy, all types Page 22

of taxes on the import and sale of generators below the capacity of 10 mega watts must be fixed at zero per cent. Banks should allow loans without mortgage for purchasing generators below 10 mw. This will create employment for the youth. They will be able to invest in small area-wise power production and distribution business. Low-priced electricity will strongly assist the boost up of cottage industry in the rural areas. Owners of these micro power plants will need employees for maintenance. In a small area, each household will be their customer and they will negotiate the price. The city corporation or the municipality will ensure the standard of service by regular inspection. This way the sufferings of the people from power shortage will decrease significantly. These investors should be exempted from income tax and vat for the first five years. This will certainly solve the power crisis. This will also provoke some self-seekers, whose interest is going to be hurt. The government should prevent them from doing anything harmful. The government should also encourage manufacturing of small capacity generators locally. The 3-year Road Map (2008-20 10) including the time-bound action plan has been envisaged in line with Poverty reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for realization of the vision of reaching electricity to all by 2020. Six monthly rolling goals for the next three years were also prepared. During this period, electricity demand is expected to grow at the rate of 8-10% per annum. As such, the demand is expected to rise to about 6,608 MW by 2010. Therefore for reliable supply of power, the generation capacity will be required to be raised to at least 8,000 MW which will facilitate raising the per capita consumption to 172 KWh and access to electricity to 60%. Thus about 2,800 MW of new generation capacity will be needed to ensure adequate supply of electricity. Simultaneously, about 2200 circuit km (100 km 400 kV, 1500 km 230 kV and 600 km 132 kV) of transmission line and about 50,000 km of distribution line will have to be constructed for evacuation and distribution of power. Together with institutional reform and prudent investment program ensuring least cost solution can provide quantity and quality power to the consumers at an affordable price for sustainable economic and social development of the country. However, in order to redress the sufferings of the consumers due to acute power shortage in the shortest possible time, the Page #23

Government has, as an interim measure, contracted with private power companies for generation and supply of electricity to BPDB on rental basis for 3 years. These rental power plants (about 300 MW) are expected to be commissioned within 4 months of signing of contract i.e., by May 2008. It is expected that within next 3-4 years, the power plants planned for implementation according to least cost plan will come on line, when these rental power plants will not be required. In response to overall gas situation, particularly transmission and distribution constraints new base load, small IPPs and rental power plants are being set up in and around areas where reliable gas supply is available. The primary objective of the 3-year institutional reform programme is to create an institutional foundation on which to ramp, in a sustainable manner, the substantial investments needed for the sector to properly support economic growth and reduce poverty. This will require the sector to be restructured to improve its efficiency, transparency and overall governance, facilitate effective and independent regulation, expand competition, and begin to improve the quality of electricity services. Experience gained from the reform attempts has been considered in preparing the road map. Creation of DESA as a separate authority, without introducing new management & corporate culture and without sufficient autonomy & incentive, did not yield good results. Again creation of Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd (APSCL) and WZPDC without sufficient preparatory works and addressing governance & employee issues properly created mismanagement in the business. Implementation of road map in future will be based on indepth study. Electricity crisis has been a problem for the people of Bangladesh. The government policy on this issue is not right. I have some suggestions with a view to solving this problem. Page #24

Bibliography: 1. V.K. Mehta Principle of Power System 2. Despande M. V. Elements of Electrical Power Station Design. 3. Nagpal G.R. Power Plant Engineering. 4. Uppal G.R. Electrical Power. 5. Stevension Jr. William D. Element of Power System Analysis. 6. BPDB Report of 2003, 2004& 2005. 7. Thereja B. L. A Text Book of Electrical Technology. 8. Rao, Sunil S. Switchgear Protection and Power Systems. 9. www.google.com 10. www.wikipedia.com 11. Annual report of Bangladesh Power Development Board Page #25

Appendix: BPDB Bangladesh Power Development Board PDB Power development board DESA Dhaka Electric Supply Authority DESCO Dhaka Electric Supply Co. Ltd REB Rural Electrification Board WZPDCL West Zone Power Distribution Co., Ltd. PGCB Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. BERC Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission APSCL Ashuganj Power Station Company, Ltd EGCBL Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh Ltd. RPCL Rural Power Company Ltd. IPPs Independent Power Producers PB Petro Bangla PBS Polly Biddute Samitti LNG Liquefied Natural Gas Degrees Celsius Ky Kilo Volt Km Kilometer > Greater then Less then % Percent SS Sub-stations V Voltage MW - Mega Watt KWh Kilo Watt Hour GWh Giga Watt Hour Mt metric tons Page #26

Index: B Background 11 Bangladesh Power Sector: Current Structure 18 C Course work 21 D Distribution 17, 18 F Fourth Plan Period 13 Field work 21 G Generation 17, 18 I Introduction 10 M Methodology 20 0 Objective of power crisis and way out 20 Page #27

P Power sector development in Bangladesh from 1972-96 12 Power Sector at a glance (As on June 2007) 17 Present Structure of the Power Sector Owner 18 Power Division 18 Power Distribution System of Bangladesh 19 R Regulator 18 S Scope of work 20 Summary 22 T Target and achievement of Fourth five years plan 14 Trends in net generation, sales, losses and customer numbers (2002-07) 16 Transmission 17, 18 w Work Plan 21 Page 28