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From Wikibooks, open books for an open world < Indonesian This page may need to be reviewed for quality. Jump to: navigation, search A form of Indonesian Conjugation
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1 Awalan me- (Prefix me-) 2 Me- + Kata Kerja (Me- + Verb) o 2.1 Me- + Kata Kerja Transitif (Me- + Transitive Verbs) o 2.2 Me- + Kata Kerja Intransitif (Me- + Intransitive Verbs) 3 Me- + Kata Benda (Me- + Noun) 4 Me- + Kata Sifat (Me- + Adjective) 5 Me- + Kata Bilangan (Me- + Numbers) 6 Me- + Kata Tempat (Me- + Places) 7 Me- + Kata Seru (Me- + Expletive)
First letter
Inflection
Example uji menguji (= to test), garuk menggaruk (= to scratch), hitung menghitung (= to count) beri memberi (= to give), fitnah memfitnah (= to falsely accuse) cari mencari (= to search), dapat mendapat (= to obtain),
me- meng-, drops the k me- mem-, drops the p me- meny-, drops the s
kandung mengandung (= to contain or to be pregnant [if applied to a person]) putih memutih (= to turn white) satu menyatu (= to become one / to unite)
Since original Indonesian words have no q, x, and z, the inflection is adapted from the existing ones. The q and x words would follow g rules, z words would follow j words. Other initial letters (l, m, n, r, w, and y) don't have spelling changes. If the word is monosyllabic (only has one syllable), regardless of the first letter of the word, the me- always turns into menge-, then add the word. For example: cat (= paint) mengecat (= to paint), bor (= boring tool / drill) mengebor (= to make a hole with drill).
Transitive verbs (verbs that can have objects) Intransitive verbs (verbs that cannot have objects, [almost] equivalent to reflexive verbs)
Saya memakan roti (= I eat [a slice of] bread) Dia menulis buku (= He/she writes [a] book(s))
Most intransitive verbs must be used in their infinitive forms (e.g. tidur (= to sleep)) or use other affixes. Note that, the sense of transitivity is not the same with other languages like Spanish. Here the word tari (= to dance) is considered intransitive.
To put the noun on some other noun cat (= paint) mengecat (= to paint) e.g. Bapak mengecat tembok (= Father paint the wall). To indicate that the subject turns into the noun (most of the times, figuratively) o batu (= stone) membatu (= to turn to stone) e.g. Dia membatu (= He/she turns to stone [figuratively, to indicate that he/she doesn't move for hours]) o kuping (= ear) menguping (= to turn to ear [i.e. to eavesdrop]) To produce the noun sambal (= chili) menyambal (= to make chili) Comment: Indonesian rarely use this notion, but Malay do. Indonesian people usually prefer the phrase "membuat sambal" instead. To do work with the noun bajak (= plow) membajak (= to plow) Note: Membajak can also mean to hijack.
Note: The trickiest part of me- is when it is being combined with noun. Not all nouns can be combined with me- and the meaning is highly dependant on the culture.
Besar (= big) membesar (= to become bigger) Kecil (= small) mengecil (= to become smaller) Panas (= hot) memanas (= to become hotter) Panjang (= long) memanjang (= to become longer) Putih (= white) memutih (= to turn white) Kuning (= yellow) menguning (= to turn yellow)
Satu menyatu (= to unite) Dua mendua (= to split into two) Perhatiannya mendua (= His attention is split into two [i.e. not focused]) Hatinya mendua (= His heart is split into two [i.e. not loyal])
Udara (= air) mengudara (= to go to the air [for radio/tv program or airplane]) Laut (= sea) melaut (= to go to the sea [for ships/sailors]) Darat (= ground/land) mendarat (= to land [for ships/airplane]) Seberang (= across) menyeberang (= to cross [the street, sea, river])
Aum (= tiger roar) mengaum (= to roar like tigers) Lenguh (= moo) melenguh (= to moo like cows)
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