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PH 101 PHYSICS
The primary objective of this course is to lay the foundation of Physics essential for the undergraduate students of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences and Applied Sciences. This course provides the basic understanding of core concepts in Physics and deals with their impact on modern day technology. The concepts of physics has been elaborated by some examples with the purpose of understanding the impact on other fields.
Reference
1. Fundamentals of Physics, Halliday, Resnick and Walker, John Wiley. 2. Physics, Paul A. Tipler, CBS Publishers and Distributors. 3. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Serway and Beichner, Thomson, Brooks/Cole. 4. Physics (5th Edn.) : Principles with applications, Douglas C. Giancoli, Prentice Hall. 5. Physics (5th Edn.), John D. Cutnell & Kenneth W. Johnson, John Willey & Sons, Inc. 6. Plasma Physics, F. F. Chen. 7. Nanoelectronics & Information Technology, Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co. 8. Op-Amps and linear integrated circuits, Ramakant A. Gayakwad,
Prentice Hall. 9. Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino and D. P. Leach, McGraw-Hill. 21
Reference
Practical Physics, Nelson and Jon Ogborn
CH 103 CHEMISTRY
The Primary objective of this course is to promote an understanding of the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications while retaining the excitement of Chemistry. The course also emphasizes the development of problem solving skills in students.
Multi-electron Atoms
Recapitualation of : rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms. Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous configurations. Total orbital angular momentum, Total spin angular momentum and total angular momentum, Spin-orbit coupling, Term symbols for light atoms containing no unpaired electron, one unpaired electron and two nonequivalent unpaired electrons (s-s, s-p and pp electrons) and their importance (including the fine spectrum of H atom).
VB Approach
Recapitulation of : Lewis theory, VSEPR theory to explain the shapes of molecules, salient features of the Valence bond (VB) theory and the concept of hybridization. Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal , BeCl , XeO F. NO , CO , SF , C F , XeF , IF , XeF , IF , XeF , BrF , CIO , CIO Concept of resonance, resonating structures and resonance energy in various inorganic and organic compounds. MO Approach Recapitulation of : limitations of the VB approach, salient features of the MO theory. Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and anti-bonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s-, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combinations of orbitals MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st period (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO, NO4, CN, HF, HCI. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.
Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics : Recapitulation of : second law of thermodynamics, concepts of entropy, Gibbs free energy and Helmoltz free energy. Various statements of the second law of thermodynamics. Calculations of entropy change and free energy change for reversible and irreversible processes under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Criteria of spontaniety, Gibbs - Helmholtz equation. Maxwells relations, thermodynamic equation of state. Third Law of thermodynamics : Statement of the law, calculation of absolute entropies of substances.
Conformational isomerism ethane, butane, 1, 2-dihaloethane and 1, 2 diols, energy diagrams and relative stability of conformers. Ring strain in cyclopropane, cyclobutane. Baeyer strain theory and its limitations, cyclohexane and its conformers. Geometrical isomerism : cis/trans and E/Z nomenclature in olefins.
structures. Nutritional requirements of Organisms. Metabolism, energy and work. Macromoleculs - structure and functions, Regulatory networks. Physical phenomena in biological systems - analysis of any two (e.g. membrane transport, photobiology, Body and Tissue Design, etc.)
MA 107a MATHEMATICS
The objective of this course is to lay the foundations of Mathematics required for the study of Physical Sciences. The focus is on introducing mathematical concepts using examples and problems from various science domains. Rigorous approaches including proofs and derivations are exemplified in a few topics. Visual, graphical and application oriented approaches are introduced, wherever appropriate.
Unit I. Matrices
R, R2, R3 as vector spaces over R and concept of Rn. Standard basis for each of them. Concept of Linear Independence and examples of different bases. Subspaces of R2, R3. Translation, Dilation, Rotation, Reflection in a point, line and plane. Matrix form of basic geometric transformations. Interpretation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for such transformations and eigenspaces as invariant subspaces. Matrices in diagonal form. Reduction to diagonal form upto matrices of order 3. Computation of matrix inverses using elementary row operations. Rank of matrix. Solutions of a system of linear equations using matrices.
Sequences to be introduced through the examples arising in Science beginning with finite sequences, followed by concepts of recursion and difference equations. For instance, the sequence arising from Tower of Hanoi game, the Fibonacci sequence arising from branching habit of trees and breeding habit of rabbits. Convergence of a sequence and algebra or convergent sequences. Illustration of proof of convergence of some simple sequences such as (1)n/n, I/n2, (1+1/n)n, sin n/n, xn with x < 1. Graphs of simple concrete functions such as polynomial, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions arising in problems or chemical reaction, simple pendulum, radioactive decay, temperature cooling/heating problem and biological rhythms. Successive differentiation. Leibnitz, theorem. Recursion formulae for higher derivative. Functions of two variables. Graphs and Level Curves of functions of two variables. Partial differentiation upto second order. Verification of known basic solutions of wave equation, heat equation, Laplace equation and diffusion equation arising from diffusion of Potassium ions in cells. Computation of Taylors Maclaurins series of functions such as ex, log (1 + x), sin (2x), cos x. Their use in polynomial approximation and error estimation. Formation and solution of Differential equations arising in population growth, radioactive decay, administration of medicine and cell division.
MA 107b. MATHEMATICS
The objective of this course is to lay the foundations of Mathematics required for life sciences. The focus is on introducing mathematical concepts using relevant examples and in developing problem solving skills. Visual, graphic and application oriented approaches are used, wherever appropriate.
Unit I Calculus
Sets. Functions and their graphs : polynomial, sine, cosine, exponential and logarithmic functions. Motivation and illustration for these functions through projectile motion, simple pendulum, biological rhythms, cell division, muscular fibres etc. Simple observations about these functions like increasing, decreasing and, periodicity. Sequences to be introduced through the examples arising in Science beginning with finite sequences, followed by concepts of recursion and difference equations. For instance, the Fibonacci sequence arising from branching habit of trees and breeding habit of rabbits. Intuitive idea of algebraic relationships and convergence. Infinite Geometric Series. Series formulas for ex, log (1+x), sin x, cos x. Step function. Intuitive idea of discontinuity, continuity and limits. Differentiation. Conception to be motivated through simple concrete examples as given above from Biological and Physical Sciences. Use of methods of differentiation like Chain rule, Product rule and Quotient rule. Second order derivatives of above functions. Integration as reverse
List of Experiments MODULE I Unit I : Introduction to Basic Electronic Components, Test and Measurement Instruments
1. To gain familiarity with basic electronic components. 2. To become familiar with the use of analog and digital multimeter for measurement of resistance, current and voltage in different ranges and testing of components. 3. To gain familiarity with Function Generator and cathode ray oscilloscope and (a) Investigate signal waveforms using an oscilloscope and calibrate frequency. (b) Calibrate the Audio Oscillator against main frequency. (c) Measure the phase difference between two independent signals.
Unit II : DC Circuits
1. To verify Ohms Law for a resistor across a power supply for a range of values of R and determine the error as R is increased to mega ohms.
2. To investigate the I-V characteristics of (a) Tungsten bulb, (b) diode, and (c) Solar cell.
MODULE II
MODULE III
Separation Techniques
1. Chromatography (a) Separation of mixtures (i) Paper chromatographic separation of Fe3+, Al3+ and Cr3+ OR Paper chromatographic separation of Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+. (ii) Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and tyrosine) by paper chromatography. (iii) Separate and identify the monosaccharides present in the given mixture (glucose and fructose) by paper chromatography. Report and Rr values. (b) Separate a mixture of Sudan Yellow and Sudan Red by T.L.C. techniques and identify them on the basis of their Rr values. (c) Chromatographic separation of the active ingredients of plant/ flower juices by TLC. (d) Separation of ortho and para-nitroaniline by Column Chromatography. 44 2. Solvent Extraction To separate a mixture of Ni2+ and Fe3+ by complexing Ni2+ with DMG and extracting the Ni2+ - DMG complex in CHCl3. Also record the absorbance of the extracted complex at A. max . 3. DNA Isolation Isolation of DNA from an actively growing tissue by disruption of noncovalent bonds among various macromolecules (cauliflower or onion can be used).
Electroanalytical Methods :
1. Conductometry (a) (i) Determine the equivalent conductance of a weak electrolyte (acetic acid) at different concentrations.
(ii) Determine the pH and conductivity of a soil sample. (b) (i) Determine the strength of the given HCI solution by titrating it against NaOH solution conductometrically. (ii) Determine the strength of the given Ch3COOH solution by titrating it against NH4OH solution conductometrically. 2. pH-Metry and Potentiometry (a) (i) Prepare buffers of (i) CH3COOH and CH3COONa (ii) Citric acid and Na2HPO4 and determine their pH values using glass electrode. (ii) Determine the pH of given aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps. (Use diluted solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) (b) Titrate given solution of HCI with NaOH pH-metrically. (c) Determine the isoelectric point of an amino acid (e.g. glycine) by pH-metric titration with a weak acid or a weak base. 45 (d) Determine the strength of given solution of K2Cr2O7 by titrating with Mohrs salt solution potentiometrically. 3. Electrophoresis (a) Separation of mixture of 2 or 3 amino acid viz. Glycine, arsine/ lysine, aspartic acid/glutamic acid by electrophoresis.
Unit I : Introduction :
Computer Fundamentals : Logical organization of computer, memory : primary, secondary; input-output devices; keyboard, monitor, printers; data representation : bits and bytes, words, number systems : decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, BCD; ASCII, EBCDIC; byte codes. User Computer Interface : Functional familiarity with operating system: Linux/Windoes, security.
formulas, creating charts, tables and graphs. Presentation Software : Creating a presentation : applying special effects (animation and sound), working with images, linking with other documents or spreadsheets. Internet Technology : Introduction to network terminology, internet and intranet, connecting to internet, internet services : telnet, ftp, www, e-mail, electronic publishing.
Solid Wastes Disposal, Sewage Treatment and Sanitation Energy and Environment - patterns and trends in energy consumption and production Environment, Public Health and Hygiene.
Unit I
Communication : Language and communication, differences between speech and writing, distinct features of speech, distinct features of writing.
Unit II
Writing Skills; Selection of topic, thesis statement, developing the thesis; introductory, developmental, transitional and concluding paragraphs, linguistic unity, coherence and cohesion, descriptive, narrative, expository and argumentative writing.
Unit III
Technical Writing : Scientific and technical subjects ; formal and informal writings; formal writings/reports, handbooks, manuals, letters, memorandum, notices, agenda, minutes; common errors to be avoided.