HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

HMM/SCM1414
TUTORIAL 2
ANSWERS

SECTION A

1. A
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. A

1
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

SECTION B

1 (a) (i) 3 [1]

(ii) 6 [1]
(iii) 12 [1]

(b) Albumin Starch

(i) Monomers Amino acid Glucose [1]
(ii) Bonds Peptide Glycosidic [1]

(c) CH2OH
CH2OH
O H
H H H
+ H2 O [1]
OH OH H O
H OH
CH2OH
H OH
OH H

CH2OH
CH2OH
H
O
H H H
[1]
+ OH
OH OH H OH H OH
CH2OH
H OH OH H
Glucose Fructose [1]

(d) Hydrolysis [1]

(e) Maltose consists of two molecules of glucose; lactose [1]

consists of one molecule of glucose and galactose.

2
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

2 (a)

R O R O
| || | ||
H – N – C – C – OH + H – N – C – C – OH
| |
H H

H 2O
[1]

R O R O
| || | || [1]
H – N – C – C – N – C – C – OH
| |
H H

(b) Peptide [1]

(c) Cytoplasm [1]

Endoplasmic reticulum/ribosome [1]

(d) 1. Interactions between non-polar R groups of different

amino acids from hydrophobic interactions. [1]
2. This causes protein to fold as hydrophobic side
groups are shielded from water. [1]
3. Where R groups contain sulfur, disulphide bonds can
form between the groups. [1]
4. This contributes to maintenance of tertiary protein
structure. [1]

Maximum [3]

(e) 1. The repetitive coiling/folding of the polypeptide

backbone of a protein [1]
2. due to hydrogen bond formation (between peptide
linkages). [1]

3
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

SECTION C

1 (a) 1. Water is a (di)polar molecule. [1]

2. Oxygen has a partial negative charge. [1]
3. Hydrogen has a partial positive charge. [1]
4. Partial positive charge (regions) of hydrogen are
attracted to chloride ions. [1]
5. Partial negative charge (regions) of oxygen are
attracted to sodium ions. [1]
6. As a result, water molecules surround the (individual)
sodium and chloride ions [1]
7. in a sphere of water molecules called hydration shell. [1]
8. Ions are separated (and shielded) from one another. [1]
Maximum [7]

(b) 1. Aquatic environments have (relatively stable)

temperatures. [1]
2. Water heats up more slowly and holds its temperature
longer. [1]
3. Medium for biochemical reactions. [1]
4. Major component of living things. [1]
Maximum [3]

2 1. Produces more energy than carbohydrates when

(metabolically) broken down. [1]
2. More metabolic water is produced when lipid is
broken down. [1]
3. Metabolic water is useful to living organisms. [1]
4. Lipids are insoluble while carbohydrates are soluble. [1]
5. Thus, lipids are not easily dissolved out of cells. [1]
6. This contributes to the properties of phospholipid
bilayer in cell membranes. [1]
7. Useful as insulation. [1]
8. Helps retain body heat. [1]
9. Example in subcutaneous fat beneath skin. [1]
10. Lipids less dense than water. [1]
11. This is useful for buoyancy to many aquatic animals. [1]
12. Lipids (as stored fat) can be used as a packing
material around organ. [1]
13. This help prevents the organs from physical injury. [1]
Maximum [10]

4
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

ANSWER (TUTORIAL 3a)

MCQ
1 B
2 C
3 C
4 D
5 A
6 B
7 D
8 A
9 C
10 B

STRUCTURE
1a Mitochondria (L)
Golgi apparatus (M)
Smooth ER (N)
Nucleolus (O)
1b synthesis lipid, detoxify drugs, store calcium ions, metabolize
carbohydrate (any one answer)
1c receive materials through cis face in a form of vesicles, vesicles bud
off through trans face.
2a desmosome, fasten cells together into strong sheets
2b Cytolasmic plaque (X)
Cadherin (Y)
Intermediate filaments (Z)

5
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

ESSAY
1a

Drawing and label tylakoid and stroma (2m)

Contains chlorophyll, enzymes, & other molecules involved in
photosynthesis. (1m)
Stroma

Fluid-filled space.

Contains DNA, ribosomes, & enzymes. (2m)
Thylakoids

Interconnected sets of flat membranous sacs. (1m)

Total 6 max = 5

6
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

1b

Diagram (3m)
Function of plasmodesmata:
Enables cytosol to pass between cells. (1m)
Water & small solutes (and sometimes proteins and RNA) pass
freely between cells. (1m)
Total 5

7
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

Diagram (3m)
Stacks of flattened membranous disks (cisternae). (1m)
cis face near ER receives materials from ER. (1m)
trans face buds off vesicles. (1m)
dynamic structure (1m)
Function
Modifies products from ER. (1m)
Manufactures certain macromolecules. (1m)
Sorts & packages materials into transport vesicles. (1m)
Produces lysosomes (1m)

Total 11 max = 10

8
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

ANSWER (TUTORIAL 3b)

MCQ
11 D
12 C
13 B
14 D
15 B
16 A
17 A
18 C
19 D
20 A

STRUCTURE

1a Phospholipid (A)
Peripheral protein (B)
Glycolipid (C)
Cholesterol (D)
1b enhancing mechanical stability and flexibility of membrane, making
it less permeable to water-soluble substances (any one answer)
1c As antigen for cell to cell recognition
As receptors – signal transduction
2a facilitated diffusion
2b Channel protein – hydrophilic, certain molecules or ions can use as
a tunnel through membrane
Carrier protein – bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle
them across membrane

9
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

ESSAY

1a Forms a boundary that separates the interior of the cell from its
external environment (1m)
Gives shape, mechanical strength and protection to the cell (1m)
Selectively permeable to regulate the movement of substances in
and out of the cell (1m)
Folding of cell membranes enables phagocytosis and pinocytosis
(1m)
Forms membranous organelles (1m)
Total 5

1b Transport – to transport substance across the membrane by

facilitated diffusion or active transport (1m)
Enzymatic activity – ex. ATP synthetase on inner membrane of
mitochondrion or thylakoid membrane (1m)
Signal transduction – as receptor for other substances such as
hormones (1m)
Cell-cell recognition – as antigen for recognition (1m)
Intercellular joining – cell to cell adhesion (1m)
Give structural support for plasma membrane (1m)

Total 6 max = 5

10
 HMM/SCM1414-Biology 1

Diagram (3m)
Size: 1 – 10 µm long. (1m)
Smooth outer membranes & convoluted inner membranes infolded into
cristae. (1m)
Inner membrane creates two compartments, Intermembrane space and
Mitochondrial matrix (1m)
Have own DNA produces by internal ribosomes (1m)
Semi-autonomous organelles. (1m)
Dynamic organelles – moving, changing shape and dividing (1m)
Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration catalyzed by enzymes in
matrix. (1m)
Cristae provide large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP. (1m)

Total 11 max = 10

11