Dosage of Drugs From WHO

WHOModelList
of
EssentialMedicines
17thlist
(March2011)
Statusofthisdocument
ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html
Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.The
responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth
Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.
17thedition
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList(March2011)
ExplanatoryNotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.
Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthere
isaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.
ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.
Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplication
ofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.

ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.
Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
1.1.1 Inhalational medicines
halothane
Inhalation.
isoflurane
Inhalation.
nitrousoxide
Inhalation.
oxygen
Inhalation(medicinalgas).
1.1.2 Injectable medicines

ketamine
Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.
Injection:10mg/ml;20mg/ml.
propofol*
*Thiopentalmaybeusedasanalternativedependingonlocal
availabilityandcost.
1.2 Local anaesthetics

Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
bupivacaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
lidocaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine
1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.
ephedrine
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropine
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
Injection:1mg/ml.
midazolam
Oralliquid:2mg/ml[c].
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.
morphine
EML 17 (March 2011)
Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
page - 1
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

MEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING
AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)
2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
Oralliquid:40mg/ml(200mg/5ml).
ibuprofena
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
a
>3 months.
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
Suppository:100mg.
paracetamol*
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof
provenbenefittothateffect.
ComplementaryList[c]
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid*
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
2.2 Opioid analgesics

Tablet:30mg(phosphate).
codeine*
*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe
comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis
medicineatitsnextmeeting.
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)
in1mlampoule.
morphine
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine
sulfate).
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

allopurinol
Tablet:100mg.
2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
chloroquine*
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 2
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Tablet:50mg.
hydroxychloroquine
Solidoraldosageform:200mg(assulfate)[c].
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
penicillamine
Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
sulfasalazine
Tablet:500mg.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
chlorphenaminea
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml(hydrogenmaleate) [c].
Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).
a
>1 year.
dexamethasone
Injection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisolone
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated
Powder.
4.2 Specific
Injection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.
acetylcysteine
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate
methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)
naloxone
Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
penicillamine*
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H20(Prussianblue)
Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumnitrite
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 3
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
sodiumthiosulfate
17thedition
ComplementaryList
deferoxamine
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol
Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
sodiumcalciumedetate
succimer
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam
Gelorrectalsolution:5mg/mlin0.5ml;2mland4mltubes.
lorazepam
Parenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin
1mlampoule.
Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin
10mlampoule.
magnesiumsulfate*
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother
convulsantdisorders.
Injection:200mg/ml(phenobarbitalsodium).
phenobarbital
Oralliquid:15mg/5ml(phenobarbital).
Tablet:15mgto100mg(phenobarbital).
Capsule:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*
phenytoin
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
ethosuximide
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 4
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole
Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
levamisole*
*TheExpertCommitteerecommendedthatthismedicinebe
reviewedfordeletionatitsnextmeeting.Shouldbeusedin
combinationwithotheranthleminthics.
mebendazole
Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.
niclosamide*
*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
TheExpertCommitteerecommendedthatthismedicinebe
reviewedfordeletionatitsnextmeeting.
praziquantel
Tablet:150mg;600mg.
Oralliquid:50mg(asembonateorpamoate)/ml.
pyrantel
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateorpamoate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
albendazole
diethylcarbamazine
Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
ivermectin
6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

praziquantel
Tablet:600mg.
triclabendazole
Tablet:250mg.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
oxamniquine*
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines
amoxicillin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(astrihydrate)/5ml;250mg(as
trihydrate)/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(astrihydrate).
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml
AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].
Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(aspotassiumsalt).
ampicillin
EML 17 (March 2011)
Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
page - 5
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
benzathinebenzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:900mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)
in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5ml
vial.
benzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)
(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefalexin[c]
Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5ml;250mg/5ml
(anhydrous).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*a
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a
>1 month.
Capsule:400mg(astrihydrate).
cefixime*
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano
genitalgonorrhoea.
Powderforinjection:250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
ceftriaxone*a
*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith
hyperbilirubinemia.
a
>41 weeks corrected gestational age.
Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
cloxacillin
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
Powderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
procainebenzylpenicillin*
*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline
treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh
neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin
caseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.
ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).
cefotaxime*[c]
*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized
neonates.
ceftazidime
Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 6
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium
salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased
infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensed
foruseinchildrenovertheageof3months.
6.2.2 Other antibacterials

Capsule:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).
azithromycin*
*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia
trachomatisandoftrachoma.
clarithromycin*
*ForuseincombinationregimensforeradicationofH.Pyloriin
adults.
Capsule:250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin
2mlampoule.
chloramphenicol
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin
childrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml(anhydrous)[c].
ciprofloxacin
SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml(ashyclate)[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c];50mg/5ml(anhydrous)[c].
doxycyclinea
Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(ashyclate).
aUse in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no
alternative exists.
Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
erythromycin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5ml(asstearateorestolateor
ethylsuccinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorestolateorethyl
succinate).
gentamicin
Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 7
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
nitrofurantoin
spectinomycin
17thedition
Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg.
Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;800mg+160mg.
trimethoprima
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a
>6 months.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).
clindamycin
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(aspalmitate)[c].
vancomycin
Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination. Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs) containing standard two medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three medicine (multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied
freeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine
Capsule:50mg;100mg.
dapsone
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

ethambutol
ethambutol+isoniazid
Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).
Tablet:400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide
Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.
+rifampicin
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin
Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
isoniazid
Tablet(scored):50mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 8
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin 75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
Tablet:
isoniazid+rifampicin
75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
Tablet:400mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Capsule:150mg.*
rifabutin
*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.
rifampicin
streptomycin
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe
usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin
Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)invial.
capreomycin
cycloserine
ethionamide
Tablet:125mg;250mg.
kanamycin
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
ofloxacin*
*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternativebasedonavailabilityand
programmeconsiderations.
Granules:4ginsachet.
paminosalicylicacid
Tablet:500mg.
6.3 Antifungal medicines
Vaginalcream:1%;10%.
clotrimazole
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
Capsule:50mg.
fluconazole
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 9
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
griseofulvin
Lozenge:100000IU.
nystatin
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB
Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
Assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex.
Capsule:250mg.
flucytosine
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
potassiumiodide
Saturatedsolution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
aciclovir
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Basedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals
are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mothertochild
transmission and postexposure prophylaxis). The Committee emphasizes the importance of using these
products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The Committee recommends and endorses
the use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,
including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured
pharmaceuticalquality.
Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingoftablets,
providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.
abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.
didanosine(ddI)
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;
150mg;200mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 10
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
emtricitabine(FTC)*a
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
a
>3 months.
lamivudine(3TC)
Tablet:150mg.
Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.
stavudine(d4T)
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
Capsule:100mg;250mg.
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.
Tablet:300mg.
6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Tablet:600mg.
a
>3 years or >10 kg weight.
nevirapine(NVP)
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended
foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allother
proteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).
Solidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg(assulfate).
atazanavira
indinavir(IDV)
>25 kg.
Solidoraldosageform:400mg(assulfate).
Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)
Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 11
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
ritonavir
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg(asmesilate).
saquinavir(SQV)a
>25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalent
to245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir
antiretrovirals.
Tablet:200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
emtricitabine*+tenofovir
antiretrovirals.
Tablet:150mg+200mg+30mg.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine
Tablet(dispersible):
30mg+50mg+6mg[c];60mg+100mg+12mg[c].
lamivudine+nevirapine+
zidovudine
Tablet:30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200mg+300mg.
lamivudine+zidovudine
Tablet:30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.
6.4.3 Other antivirals

Capsule:30mg;45mg;75mg(asphosphate).
Oralpowder:12mg/ml.
oseltamivir*
*OseltamivirshouldbeusedonlyincompliancewiththeWHO
treatmentguidelines,i.e.(1)fortreatmentofpatientswithsevere
orprogressiveclinicalillnesswithconfirmedorsuspected
influenzapandemic(H1N1)2009,(2)forthetreatmentofpatients
withconfirmedorsuspectedbutuncomplicatedillnessdueto
pandemicinfluenzavirusinfectionwhowereinhigherrisk
groups,mostnotablyforpregnantwomenandchildrenunder
2yearsofage.
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10ml
phosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 12
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
diloxanidea
Tablet:500mg(furoate).
a
>25 kg.
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinB
Assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex.
miltefosine
paromomycin
Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin
base(asthesulfate).
Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto
approximately8.1%antimony(pentavalent)in5mlampoule.
sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine
antimoniate
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines
6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
MedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination.Thelistcurrently
recommends combinations according to treatment guidelines. The Committee recognizes that not all of
theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting.TheCommitteealsoencourages
developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).
amodiaquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Oilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
artemether*
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Tablet:20mg+120mg.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
childrenbelow5kg.
Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid
withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artesunate*
Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferral
treatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoan
appropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine
orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 13
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:25mg+67.5mg;50mg+135mg;100mg+270mg.
artesunate+amodiaquine*
*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdosesrequiredsuchas
153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride)with50mgartesunatecanbe
alternatives.
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
Capsule:100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).
doxycycline*
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
mefloquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
primaquine*
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
quinine*
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe
usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
Tablet:500mg+25mg.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
Solidoraldosageform:100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).
doxycyclinea
>8 years.
mefloquinea
>5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil*
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine
Tablet:25mg.
sulfadiazine
Tablet:500mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 14
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].
ComplementaryList
pentamidine
Tablet:200mg;300mg(asisethionate).
6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Powderforinjection:200mg(asisetionate)invial.
pentamidine*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
suraminsodium*
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
eflornithine*
melarsoprol
nifurtimox*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
Injection:3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive
compound).
Tablet:120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,forthe
treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.
melarsoprol
Injection:3.6%solutionin5mlampoule(180mgofactivecompound).
6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

benznidazole
Tablet:100mg.
nifurtimox
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid
ibuprofen[c]
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamol
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 15
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol
Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN

PALLIATIVE CARE
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Capsule:25mg.
ciclosporin
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

ComplementaryList
allopurinol[c]
asparaginase
Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin
Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
calciumfolinate
Tablet:15mg.
carboplatin
Injection:50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.
chlorambucil
Tablet:2mg.
cyclophosphamide
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine
dacarbazine
dactinomycin
Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin
Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
docetaxel
doxorubicin
Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
Capsule:100mg.
etoposide
fluorouracil
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;
1g.
ifosfamide
Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.
mercaptopurine
Tablet:50mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 16
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Injection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.
mesna
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
paclitaxel
Powderforinjection:6mg/ml.
procarbazine
Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
thioguanine[c]
vinblastine
Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine
Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList
dexamethasone
Injection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
methylprednisolone[c]
Injection:40mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledosevialand
5mlmultidosevials;80mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledose
vial.
prednisolone
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
tamoxifen
Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliativeCare
Section.SomemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsoftheModel
List, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics. The Guidelines for Palliative Care that were
referenced in the previous list are in need of update. The Committee expects applications for medicines
neededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.
amitriptyline[c]
cyclizine[c]
dexamethasone[c]
Tablet:10mg;25mg.
Injection:50mg/ml.
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:4mg/ml.
Tablet:2mg.
Injection:5mg/ml.
diazepam[c]
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.
Tablet:5mg;10mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 17
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
docusatesodium[c]
fluoxetinea[c]
hyoscinehydrobromide[c]
17thedition
Capsule:100mg.
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
Injection:400micrograms/ml;600micrograms/ml.
Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.
ibuprofena [c]
a
Not in children less than 3 months.
lactulose[c]
Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5ml.
midazolam[c]
Granules(modifiedrelease)(tomixwithwater):20mg;30mg;
60mg;100mg;200mg.
Injection:10mg/ml.
morphine[c]
Tablet(controlledrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg.
Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
ondansetron[c]a
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.
a
senna[c]
>1 month.
Oralliquid:7.5mg/5ml.
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
Injection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.
biperiden
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa
Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines
Oralliquid:equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.
ferroussalt
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
ferroussalt+folicacid
Tabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid
(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
folicacid
Tablet:1mg;5mg.
hydroxocobalamin
Injection:1mg(asacetate,hydrochlorideorassulfate)in1ml
ampoule.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 18
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

heparinsodium
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
Injection:1mg/ml[c];10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
phytomenadione
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate
tranexamicacid
warfarin
Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
heparinsodium
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
protaminesulfate
warfarin
Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

ComplementaryList
deferoxamine*
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,dependingoncostand
availability.
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.1 Plasma substitutes
dextran70*
Injectablesolution:6%.
*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.
11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use

All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and
Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). (WHO Technical
ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).
ComplementaryList
factorVIIIconcentrate
Dried.
factorIXcomplex(coagulation
factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrate
Dried.
Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**
humannormalimmunoglobulin
Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.*
*Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 19
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines
bisoprolol*
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.
glyceryltrinitrate
Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate
Tablet(sublingual):5mg.
verapamil
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

bisoprolol*
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in
10mlampoule.
lidocaine
Injection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
verapamil
ComplementaryList
Injection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).
amiodarone
Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine
bisoprolol*
enalapril
Tablet:5mg(asmaleate,mesylateorasbesylate).
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).
Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.
hydralazine*
hydrochlorothiazide
*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere
pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof
essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 20
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:250mg.
methyldopa*
*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy
inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheavailabilityof
moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside
Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

bisoprolol*
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
enalapril
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).
furosemide
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
ComplementaryList
dopamine
Injection:40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mg.
ComplementaryList
streptokinase
Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*
Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines
miconazole
Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).
seleniumsulfide
Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
sodiumthiosulfate
Solution:15%.
terbinafine
Cream:1%orOintment:1%terbinafinehydrochloride.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 21
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
13.2 Anti-infective medicines

Cream(asmupirocincalcium):2%.
mupirocin
Ointment:2%.
potassiumpermanganate
Aqueoussolution:1:10000.
Cream:1%.
silversulfadiazinea
>2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasonea
Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a
Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calamine
Lotion.
hydrocortisone
Creamorointment:1%(acetate).
13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide
Creamorlotion:5%.
coaltar
Solution:5%.
Ointment:0.1%to2%.
dithranol*
fluorouracil
Ointment:5%.
podophyllumresin
Solution:10%to25%.
salicylicacid
Solution:5%.
urea
Creamorointment:5%;10%.
13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoatea
Lotion:25%.
a
>2 years.
Cream:5%.
permethrin
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein
Eyedrops:1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide
Eyedrops:0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate
Injection:140mgto420mgiodine(assodiumormeglumine
salt)/mlin20mlampoule.
bariumsulfate
Aqueoussuspension.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 22
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
iohexol
17thedition
Injection:140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml
ampoules.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c]
Aqueoussuspension.
meglumineiotroxate
Solution:5gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics
chlorhexidine
Solution:5%(digluconate);20%(digluconate)(needstobediluted
priortouseforcordcare)[c].
ethanol
Solution:70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine
Solution:10%(equivalentto1%availableiodine).
15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound
Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol
Solution:4.8%.
glutaral
Solution:2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride
furosemide
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone
Tablet:25mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.
Tablet:25mg.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

pancreaticenzymes
Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseand
amylase.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 23
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
17.1 Antiulcer medicines

omeprazole
Powderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.
Injection:25mg/ml(ashydrochloride)in2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(ashydrochloride).
ranitidine*
classofmedicineatitsnextmeeting.
17.2 Antiemetic medicines

Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).
dexamethasone
Oralliquid:0.5mg/5ml;2mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.
metoclopramidea
a
Not in neonates.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
ondansetrona
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;Eq24mg
base.
a
>1 month.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

Retentionenema.
sulfasalazine
Suppository:500mg.
Tablet:500mg.
ComplementaryList
Retentionenema.
hydrocortisone
Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretentionenema).
17.4 Laxatives
senna
EML 17 (March 2011)
Tablet:7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).
page - 24
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.5.1 Oral rehydration
oralrehydrationsalts
glucose:
sodium:
chloride:
potassium:
citrate:
osmolarity:
glucose:
sodiumchloride:
potassiumchloride:
trisodiumcitratedihydrate+:
75mEq
75mEqormmol/L
65mEqormmol/L
20mEqormmol/L
10mmol/L
245mOsm/L
13.5g/L
2.6g/L
1.5g/L
2.9g/L
+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodium
hydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/L.However,asthe
stabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorundertropical
conditions,itisonlyrecommendedwhenmanufacturedfor
immediateuse.
Powderfordilutionin200ml;500ml;1L.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children
zincsulfate*
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjunctto
oralrehydrationsalts.
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone
Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).
hydrocortisone
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone
Injection:200mg(enanthate)in1mlampoule.
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel
Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone
Tablet:35micrograms+1mg.
levonorgestrel
Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.
18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Injection:5mg+25mg.
Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.
norethisteroneenantate
Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 25
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice
18.3.4 Barrier methods
condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant
Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining
75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
glibenclamide
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
glucagon
Injection:1mg/ml.
insulininjection(soluble)
Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulin
Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial
(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
metformin
metformin
18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList
clomifene
Tablet:50mg(citrate).
18.7 Progestogens
Tablet:5mg.
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxine
Tablet:25micrograms[c];50micrograms;100micrograms
(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
Lugolssolution
Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/ml.
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 26
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,
1987,Annex1).
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative
Injection.
(PPD)
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,
Annex2).
antiDimmunoglobulin(human)
Injection:250microgramsinsingledosevial.
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.
Injection.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin
Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.
rabiesimmunoglobulin
Injection:150IU/mlinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsiderationof
international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The list below details the vaccines
forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization
(SAGE) (http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position
paper (http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be
updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and
recommendations.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
diphtheriavaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
mumpsvaccine
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 27
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfevervaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE

INHIBITORS
TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthissectionatitsnextmeeting.
atracurium
Injection:10mg/ml(atracuriumbesylate).
neostigmine
Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
Injection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
suxamethonium
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c]
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
pyridostigmine
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

ThissectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.
21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir
Ointment:3%W/W.
gentamicin
Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
tetracycline
Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone
Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 28
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea
Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).
a
Not in preterm neonates.
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide
Tablet:250mg.
pilocarpine
Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).
timolol
Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogenmaleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
atropine* a
*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)orcyclopentolate
(hydrochloride).
a
>3 months.
ComplementaryList
Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine
misoprostol
Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:200micrograms.*
*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage,andfor
preventionofpostpartumhaemorrhagewhereoxytocinisnot
availableorcannotbesafelyused.
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.*
*Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhereappropriatefacilities
areavailable.
oxytocin
Injection:10IUin1ml.
ComplementaryList
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedundernational
lawandwhereculturally
acceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine
Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.
23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition)
EML 17 (March 2011)
Parenteralsolution.
page - 29
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
24. MEDICINES FOR MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURALDISORDERS

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
chlorpromazine
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
fluphenazine
haloperidol
Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;5mg.
chlorpromazine
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
haloperidol
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
amitriptyline
fluoxetine
fluoxetinea
a
>8 years.
24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine
lithiumcarbonate
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
24.3 Medicines for anxiety disorders

diazepam
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

clomipramine
Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
24.5 Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)
Chewinggum:2mg;4mg(aspolacrilax).
Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto21mg/24hrs.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 30
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
ComplementaryList
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).
methadone*
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml(hydrochloride).
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines
shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone
Inhalation(aerosol):50micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;
100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).
budesonide[c]
Inhalation(aerosol):100microgramsperdose;200micrograms
perdose.
Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
ipratropiumbromide
Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
salbutamol
Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)per
dose.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE

DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts
Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride
Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucose
Injectablesolution:5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).
Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalent
to150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);5%glucose,0.45%
sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/LNa+and75mmol/L
Cl)[c].
Solution:11.2%in20mlampoule
(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl1.5mmol/ml).
potassiumchloride
EML 17 (March 2011)
Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland
Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland
Cl2mmol/ml)[c].
page - 31
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
sodiumchloride
17thedition
Injectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,
Cl154mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,
HCO3167mmol/L).
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,
HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution
Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection
2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid
Tablet:50mg.
Oralliquid:400IU/ml.
cholecalciferol*[c]
Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
ergocalciferol
Oralliquid:250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).
Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
Capsule:200mg.
iodine
Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser
bottle.
nicotinamide
Tablet:50mg.
pyridoxine
Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).
retinol
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2mlampoule.
riboflavin
Tablet:5mg.
sodiumfluoride
Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate
28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN [c]

aceticacid
Topical:2%,inalcohol.
budesonide
Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.
ciprofloxacin
Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 32
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Nasalspray:0.05%.
xylometazolinea
aNot in children less than 3 months.
29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE [c]

caffeinecitrate
Injection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen
Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.
Solutionforinjection:
prostaglandinE
ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.
surfactant
Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 33
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Table 1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir
atropine
benzylbenzoate
betamethasonetopicalpreparations
cefazolin
ceftriaxone
chlorphenamine
diloxanide
doxycycline
efavirenz
emtricitabine
fluoxetine
ibuprofen
mefloquine
metoclopramide
ondansetron
saquinavir
silversulfadiazine
tetracaine
trimethoprim
xylometazoline
>25kg
>3months
>2years
Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
>1month
>41weekscorrectedgestationalage
>1year
>25kg
>8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
>3yearsor>10kg
>3months
>8years
>3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
>5kgor>3months
Notinneonates
>1month
>25kg
>2months
Notinpretermneonates
>6months
>3months
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 34
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms
A. Principal dosage forms used in EML - Oral administration
Term
Solidoraldosageform
Tablets
Tablets(qualified)
Definition
Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmelts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.
Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.
Refersto:
uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;
unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.
Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.
Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeing
swallowed;
scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.
Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.
Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.
page - 35
EML 17 (March 2011)
*
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Term
Capsules
Capsules(qualified)
Granules
Oralpowder
Oralliquid
17thedition
Definition
Referstohardorsoftcapsules.
Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.
Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.
Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.
Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.
Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration
Term
Injection
Injection(qualified)
Injection(oily)
Intravenousinfusion
Definition
Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.
Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 36
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
C. Other dosage forms
Modeof
administration
Totheeye
Topical
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation
Termtobeused
Eyedrops,eyeointments.
Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 37
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Index
abacavir(ABC) ........................................................ 10
acetazolamide.......................................................... 29
aceticacid................................................................. 32
acetylcysteine ............................................................ 3
acetylsalicylicacid ........................................ 2,15,21
aciclovir .............................................................. 10,28
albendazole................................................................ 5
allopurinol ........................................................... 2,16
amidotrizoate .......................................................... 22
amikacin....................................................................... 9
amiloride .................................................................. 23
amiodarone ................................................................ 20
amitriptyline ...................................................... 17,30
amlodipine............................................................... 20
amodiaquine............................................................ 13
amoxicillin ................................................................. 5
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 5
amphotericinB..................................................... 10,13
ampicillin ................................................................... 5
antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 27
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 27
antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 27
artemether................................................................ 13
artemether+lumefantrine ..................................... 13
artesunate................................................................. 13
artesunate+amodiaquine...................................... 14
ascorbicacid ............................................................ 32
asparaginase............................................................... 16
atazanavir................................................................. 11
atracurium ............................................................... 28
atropine ............................................................ 1,3,29
azathioprine ........................................................... 3,16
azithromycin.............................................................. 7
bariumsulfate ................................................... 22,23
BCGvaccine............................................................. 27
beclometasone ......................................................... 31
benzathinebenzylpenicillin .................................... 6
benznidazole............................................................ 15
benzoylperoxide..................................................... 22
benzylbenzoate....................................................... 22
benzylpenicillin......................................................... 6
betamethasone......................................................... 22
biperiden .................................................................. 18
bisoprolol ........................................................... 20,21
bleomycin................................................................... 16
budesonide ........................................................ 31,32
bupivacaine................................................................ 1
caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 33
calamine ................................................................... 22
calciumfolinate.......................................................... 16
EML 17 (March 2011)
calciumgluconate ............................................... 3,32

capreomycin ................................................................. 9
carbamazepine..................................................... 4,30
carboplatin ................................................................. 16
cefalexin...................................................................... 6
cefazolin...................................................................... 6
cefixime....................................................................... 6
cefotaxime .................................................................... 6
ceftazidime ................................................................... 6
ceftriaxone.................................................................. 6
charcoal,activated..................................................... 3
chlorambucil............................................................... 16
chloramphenicol........................................................ 7
chlorhexidine ........................................................... 23
chlorinebasecompound ........................................ 23
chloroquine .......................................................... 2,14
chloroxylenol ........................................................... 23
chlorphenamine......................................................... 3
chlorpromazine ....................................................... 30
cholecalciferol .......................................................... 32
choleravaccine ........................................................ 27
ciclosporin.................................................................. 16
ciprofloxacin ........................................................ 7,32
clarithromycin ........................................................... 7
clindamycin ................................................................. 8
clofazimine................................................................. 8
clomifene .................................................................... 26
clomipramine........................................................... 30
clotrimazole ............................................................... 9
cloxacillin ................................................................... 6
coaltar ...................................................................... 22
codeine........................................................................ 2
condoms ................................................................... 26
coppercontainingdevice....................................... 26
cyclizine.................................................................... 17
cyclophosphamide ...................................................... 16
cycloserine.................................................................... 9
cytarabine................................................................... 16
dacarbazine ................................................................ 16
dactinomycin.............................................................. 16
dapsone ...................................................................... 8
daunorubicin.............................................................. 16
deferoxamine .......................................................... 4,19
dexamethasone.............................................. 3,17,24
dextran70................................................................. 19
diaphragms .............................................................. 26
diazepam........................................................ 4,17,30
didanosine(ddI) ...................................................... 10
diethylcarbamazine .................................................. 5
digoxin................................................................ 20,21
page - 38
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
diloxanide ................................................................ 13
dimercaprol .................................................................. 4
diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 27
diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 27
dithranol................................................................... 22
docetaxel .................................................................... 16
docusatesodium ..................................................... 18
dopamine.................................................................... 21
doxorubicin................................................................ 16
doxycycline.......................................................... 7,14
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 11
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 12
eflornithine .............................................................. 15
emtricitabine(FTC)................................................. 11
emtricitabine+tenofovir........................................ 12
enalapril ............................................................. 20,21
ephedrine...................................................................... 1
epinephrine(adrenaline) ....................... 3,20,29,31
ergocalciferol ........................................................... 32
ergometrine.............................................................. 29
erythromycin ............................................................. 7
estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone
acetate................................................................... 25
ethambutol................................................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid............................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin............................................................... 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin....................... 8
ethanol...................................................................... 23
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 25
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone.......................... 25
ethionamide.................................................................. 9
ethosuximide................................................................ 4
etoposide .................................................................... 16
factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,II,VII,
IX,X)concentrate ................................................. 19
factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 19
ferroussalt ............................................................... 18
ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 18
fluconazole................................................................. 9
flucytosine.................................................................. 10
fludrocortisone ........................................................ 25
fluorescein................................................................ 22
fluorouracil .......................................................... 16,22
fluoxetine ........................................................... 18,30
fluphenazine............................................................ 30
folicacid ................................................................... 18
furosemide ......................................................... 21,23
gentamicin ........................................................... 7,28
glibenclamide .......................................................... 26
glucagon................................................................... 26
glucose...................................................................... 31
EML 17 (March 2011)
17thedition
glucosewithsodiumchloride ............................... 31
glutaral...................................................................... 23
glyceryltrinitrate..................................................... 20
griseofulvin .............................................................. 10
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine .................. 27
haloperidol............................................................... 30
halothane.................................................................... 1
heparinsodium ....................................................... 19
hepatitisAvaccine.................................................. 27
hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 27
humannormalimmunoglobulin................................ 19
hydralazine .............................................................. 20
hydrochlorothiazide ................................... 20,21,23
hydrocortisone................................... 3,17,22,24,25
hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 18
hydroxycarbamide................................................ 16,19
hydroxychloroquine ..................................................... 3
hyoscinehydrobromide ......................................... 18
ibuprofen.................................................. 2,15,18,33
ifosfamide ................................................................... 16
imipenem+cilastatin................................................... 7
indinavir(IDV) ........................................................ 11
influenzavaccine..................................................... 27
insulininjection(soluble)....................................... 26
intermediateactinginsulin.................................... 26
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition) .................................. 29
iodine ........................................................................ 32
iohexol ...................................................................... 23
ipratropiumbromide.............................................. 31
isoflurane.................................................................... 1
isoniazid ..................................................................... 8
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin .................. 9
isoniazid+rifampicin ............................................... 9
isosorbidedinitrate ................................................. 20
ivermectin .................................................................. 5
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................ 27
kanamycin.................................................................... 9
ketamine ..................................................................... 1
lactulose.................................................................... 18
lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 11
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine................... 12
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine ................ 12
lamivudine+zidovudine....................................... 12
levamisole .................................................................. 5
levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 18
levonorgestrel .......................................................... 25
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant .......................... 26
levothyroxine........................................................... 26
lidocaine ............................................................... 1,20
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)...................... 1
lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 30
page - 39
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r) ................................. 11
lorazepam .................................................................. 4
Lugolssolution......................................................... 26
magnesiumsulfate.................................................... 4
mannitol ................................................................... 23
measlesvaccine ....................................................... 27
mebendazole.............................................................. 5
medroxyprogesteroneacetate ......................... 25,26
mefloquine ............................................................... 14
meglumineiotroxate .................................................. 23
melarsoprol.............................................................. 15
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine ....................... 27
mercaptopurine.......................................................... 16
mesna......................................................................... 17
metformin ................................................................ 26
methadone.................................................................. 31
methotrexate .......................................................... 3,17
methyldopa.............................................................. 21
methylprednisolone.................................................... 17
methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 3
metoclopramide ...................................................... 24
metronidazole ..................................................... 7,13
miconazole............................................................... 21
midazolam ........................................................... 1,18
mifepristone ............................................................... 29
miltefosine ............................................................... 13
misoprostol .............................................................. 29
morphine.......................................................... 1,2,18
mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 27
mupirocin................................................................. 22
naloxone ..................................................................... 3
neostigmine ............................................................. 28
nevirapine(NVP).................................................... 11
niclosamide................................................................ 5
nicotinamide............................................................ 32
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).................... 30
nifedipine ................................................................. 29
nifurtimox ................................................................ 15
nitrofurantoin ............................................................ 8
nitrousoxide.............................................................. 1
norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 25
nystatin..................................................................... 10
ofloxacin....................................................................... 9
omeprazole .............................................................. 24
ondansetron....................................................... 18,24
oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 25,31
oseltamivir ............................................................... 12
oxamniquine ................................................................ 5
oxygen ........................................................................ 1
oxytocin.................................................................... 29
paclitaxel.................................................................... 17
paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9
EML 17 (March 2011)
17thedition
pancreaticenzymes .................................................... 23
paracetamol.......................................................... 2,15
paromomycin........................................................... 13
penicillamine................................................................ 3
pentamidine ............................................................... 15
permethrin ............................................................... 22
pertussisvaccine ..................................................... 28
phenobarbital............................................................. 4
phenoxymethylpenicillin ......................................... 6
phenytoin ................................................................... 4
phytomenadione ..................................................... 19
pilocarpine ............................................................... 29
pneumococcalvaccine............................................ 28
podophyllumresin ................................................. 22
poliomyelitisvaccine .............................................. 28
polyvidoneiodine ................................................... 23
potassiumchloride.................................................. 31
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)2H20
(Prussianblue)....................................................... 3
potassiumiodide .................................................. 10,26
potassiumpermanganate....................................... 22
praziquantel............................................................... 5
prednisolone .................................................. 3,17,28
primaquine............................................................... 14
procainebenzylpenicillin......................................... 6
procarbazine............................................................... 17
proguanil.................................................................. 14
propofol ...................................................................... 1
propranolol .............................................................. 16
propylthiouracil ...................................................... 26
prostaglandinE.......................................................... 33
protaminesulfate .................................................... 19
pyrantel ...................................................................... 5
pyrazinamide............................................................. 9
pyridostigmine ........................................................... 28
pyridoxine ................................................................ 32
pyrimethamine ........................................................ 14
quinine...................................................................... 14
rabiesimmunoglobulin .......................................... 27
rabiesvaccine........................................................... 28
ranitidine .................................................................. 24
retinol........................................................................ 32
ribavirin.................................................................... 12
riboflavin .................................................................. 32
rifabutin...................................................................... 9
rifampicin ............................................................... 8,9
ritonavir.................................................................... 12
rotavirusvaccine ..................................................... 28
rubellavaccine......................................................... 28
salbutamol................................................................ 31
salicylicacid............................................................. 22
saquinavir(SQV)..................................................... 12
page - 40
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
terbinafine ................................................................ 21
testosterone ................................................................ 25
tetanusvaccine ........................................................ 28
tetracaine .................................................................. 29
tetracycline ............................................................... 28
thiamine.................................................................... 32
thioguanine ................................................................ 17
timolol....................................................................... 29
tranexamicacid ....................................................... 19
triclabendazole .......................................................... 5
trimethoprim ............................................................. 8
tropicamide .............................................................. 22
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD)..... 27
typhoidvaccine ....................................................... 28
urea ........................................................................... 22
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)...................... 4,30
vancomycin .................................................................. 8
varicellavaccine ...................................................... 28
vecuronium.............................................................. 28
verapamil ................................................................. 20
vinblastine.................................................................. 17
vincristine .................................................................. 17
warfarin .................................................................... 19
waterforinjection ................................................... 32
xylometazoline ........................................................ 33
yellowfevervaccine ............................................... 28
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT) ..................................... 11
zincsulfate ............................................................... 25
seleniumsulfide ...................................................... 21
senna................................................................... 18,24
silversulfadiazine................................................... 22
simvastatin............................................................... 21
sodiumcalciumedetate................................................ 4
sodiumchloride ...................................................... 32
sodiumfluoride....................................................... 32
sodiumhydrogencarbonate ................................. 32
sodiumlactate ......................................................... 32
sodiumnitrite ............................................................ 3
sodiumnitroprusside................................................. 21
sodiumstibogluconateor
meglumineantimoniate ..................................... 13
sodiumthiosulfate .............................................. 4,21
spectinomycin ........................................................... 8
spironolactone ......................................................... 23
stavudine(d4T) ....................................................... 11
streptokinase .............................................................. 21
streptomycin.............................................................. 9
succimer....................................................................... 4
sulfadiazine.............................................................. 14
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine ............................... 14
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim .................... 8,15
sulfasalazine........................................................... 3,24
suraminsodium ...................................................... 15
surfactant................................................................... 33
suxamethonium ...................................................... 28
tamoxifen ................................................................... 17
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate ............................... 11
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 41

Dosage of Drugs From WHO

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dosage of Drugs From WHO

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WHOModelList

1.1.2 Injectable medicines

1.2 Local anaesthetics

EML 17 (March 2011)

2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

2.2 Opioid analgesics

2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

EML 17 (March 2011)

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

EML 17 (March 2011)

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

>41 weeks corrected gestational age.

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

EML 17 (March 2011)

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.4 Antiviral medicines

EML 17 (March 2011)

>3 years or >10 kg weight.

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.4.3 Other antivirals

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

EML 17 (March 2011)

>5 kg or >3 months.

EML 17 (March 2011)

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

EML 17 (March 2011)

7.2 For prophylaxis

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN

8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

EML 17 (March 2011)

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

EML 17 (March 2011)

Not in children less than 3 months.

10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

EML 17 (March 2011)

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use

EML 17 (March 2011)

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

EML 17 (March 2011)

12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

EML 17 (March 2011)

13.2 Anti-infective medicines

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.

13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation