Chapter 12.Introduction to Multi-Media.

1. What is the role of communication in our everyday life? State various methods used for communication? Communication is an integral part of ones life. We communicate with others to exchange an idea, to present a demonstration, to teach in a class or for any other reasons. Different techniques for communication are used to convey the thoughts. These techniques use various methods. Say for example, 1. To invite a friend on a tea, we may use voice as a medium of communication 2. On the other hand we may simply use text and images to present a demonstration. To make our communication effective we add various effects to it. Multimedia is used to add various effects to our communication. 2. From which two words is the word Multimedia coined? And what is included in it? The term multimedia has been coined from two words : Multiple and Media Hence, multimedia means usage of multiple medias to communicate. This media may be print, audio, or video. The print media includes text, graphics and natural images. The audio media includes voice, speech and music. The video media includes image sequences along with voice. Media

Print

Audio

Video

Text

Graphic

Natural Images

Voice

Speech

Music

Image Seque nces

Voice

3. Write a short note on Multimedia. The term multimedia has been coined from two words : Multiple and Media Hence, multimedia means usage of multiple medias to communicate. This media may be print, audio, or video. The print media includes text, graphics and natural images. 1 of 14

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The audio media includes voice, speech and music. The video media includes image sequences along with voice. Technically, multimedia can be defined as software and hardware that merges text, computer graphics, sound, video, etc in one session. This session can be used for various purposes like sharing product information, presenting an idea or playing games, etc Multimedia has been a part of human life since long. Almost everyone must have created an MS PowerPoint presentation for various purposes. It also contains usage of multimedia. In MS PowerPoint presentation we used text, images to show contents; while our voice and expressions were used to explain the contents. Thus we used most of the concepts of multimedia in PowerPoint. [Also use the above Chart] [Sub Question: - How can we say that we use multimedia in PowerPoint? - Define Multimedia and explain its usage ]

4. What do we use to make our presentation better? We use basic building blocks to make our presentation better. The basic building blocks of multimedia are text, image, audio, video and interactive objects. These building blocks when used make the presentation better. 5. State and explain text as a basic building block in a presentation. Text plays an important role in the presentation. It is contained in almost every presentation right from the textbooks till the MS PowerPoint Presentation. The text has been classified into two categories: ASCII and true fonts. ASCII characters are 8 pixels high and 8 pixels wide set of pixels. When a program sends a character for display on the screen, proper locations on the pixel matrix is turned on and the 64 dot matrix make an approximate image of a particular letter. True type fonts are miniature picture and are displayed on the screen. We can develop text using programs like word processors and authoring software. The simplest way to develop a test is Microsoft Word Art. Text is used for various purposes depending upon its usage. We can use fonts like bold, italics, underline, superscript, etc. to make our presentation more effective. To highlight a point we can use bulleted fonts while defining a term we can use paragraph. But, the most important thing is to know how and when test should be used. [Sub Question: - In how many types has been the test classified? Explain each of them.] [Sub Question: - How can we use text for various purposes?] [Sub Question: - How can we develop text for presentations.] 2 of 14

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6. Differentiate between ASCII character font and True type font. ASCII Font Type True type Font 1. It is stored in form of pixels. 1. It is stored as a picture. 2. ASCII characters are 8 pixels high and 8 2. There is no fixed size in pixels for true pixels wide. type characters. 3. The 64 dot pixel matrix is turned on as 3. The image of a particular letter is required to make an approximate picture of exact(perfect) the letter. 4. Vowel A in ASCII type is : 4. Vowel A in True font type is:

A
5. Font size cannot be adjusted. 5. Font size can be adjusted. 7. Which is the simplest way to develop a text? How to use it? The simplest way to develop a test is Microsoft Word Art. To make our presentation more attractive we can use MS Word Art to develop our text. Word Art is a set of pre-available attractive text style already provided by Microsoft with all of its Microsoft Office applications. The text to develop any text in MS Word Art are as follows:1. Open any program from MS Office pack. Ex. PowerPoint, Word, etc. 2. Click on InsertPictureWord Art from the Menu bar. 3. This will open a Word Art Gallery box with various text styles in it. 4. Select the style you want and click OK Button. This will open EDIT WordArt Test dialog box. 5. Now enter the desired test, select appropriate size, font effects, etc. and click OK. 6. As you click OK, you will see the text in your desired style on the screen. 8. State and explain image as a basic building block of a presentation. A picture is worth a million words. And hence, using images in presentations is quite a common practice. Images are used as background to make presentation interesting, charts for showing data analysis, flow graphs for showing flow of activity or processes, and for many other processes. Images may be natural or created using computers. Natural images need to be converted into digital form by using image scanners.

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Most of the applications nowadays provide with in-built images. We can easily use such images in our presentation. One such example is Clip Art which comes with MS Office package. We get many tools to create or modify the existing images. We can make use of programs like MS Paint, Adobe Photoshop, etc to create 2D and 3D images. We can identify the type of media file by looking at its extension. The commonly used image file extensions are given below:Extension Full form Extension Full Form Graphical Interchange .jpeg, .gif Joint Photographic Expert File Format. .jpg. Group Image File Bitmap Image .bmp .png Portable Network Graphic Photoshop Document .psd .tif Tagged Image File Format [Sub Question: - State the various image file extensions along with their full form.] [Sub Question: - How can we use images in presentation? What should we do to use natural images?] 9. Explain Clip Art. Most of the applications nowadays provide with in-built images. We can easily use such images in our presentation. One such example is Clip Art which comes with MS Office package. To open Clip Art open any software like MS-Word, MS-Excel or MSPowerPoint and click on InsertPicture ClipArt. In Clip Art, we get many tools to create or modify the existing images. 10. Explain the tour of Windows XP. Text and images are very useful to the presenter when he himself makes a presentation. Normally, the presenter speaks to the audience while he or she shows the presentation. But, if the presentation is to be done without the presenter, then the sound will play an important role. The best example of this kind of presentation is tour of Windows XP. To open this presentation click on Start ButtonAll ProgramsAccessoriesTour Windows XP. This opens a dialog box which has two options that will give us help with sound and without sound. The help with sound is interactive and full of animations, while the help without sound is less interactive. Select the first option and click the Next button. The next thing you will see is a full screen presentation of what is Windows XP and what are its new features is narrated to you.

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You will actually hearing a sweet voice mentioning about the screens and applications of Windows XP. To make such kind of presentation we need to embed a previously recorded voice with the presentation. Thus, when the user is listening to the presentation. He or she is able to understand it easily by listening to voice and seeing the animation. 11. Explain the advancement of Multimedia in modern computers and justify it with the example of Sound Recorder. Nowadays, the computer that we get is having very good Multimedia support. They come along with the required hardware and software that are required for multimedia applications. We get inbuilt sound card, speaker, microphone and web camera which are needed for recording and listening. Also operating system provides applications that can be directly used for capturing audio and video. The best example of it is of the Sound Recorder, an audio recording application, provided by Windows XP. To use this application, we must have microphone and speakers connected to the computer. The following steps should be taken to record voice by Sound Recorder:1. Select Start ButtonAll ProgramsAccessoriesEntertainment Sound Recorder. 2. This will open a sound recorder screen which has File menu, Edit menu, Effects menu and Help menu in the menu bar. 3. Click on File New. 4. To start recording click on Record Button( ) 5. Now start recording the voice by speaking in the microphone. While speaking in the microphone, we will observe that the straight line seen in the center portion will fluctuate. The fluctuating part is the voice data. 6. To save the file just created click on FileSave. Select the path and give a file name. 7. The file will be saved with extension .wav and is known as waveform file. 8. To play the voice, click on play button. ( )

9. To stop click on the Stop Button ( ) We can also go the beginning or the end of the voice data by clicking on seek to start button (<|<|) and seek to end button (|>|>). Along with creating sound file the sound recorder can also be used for deleting part of the file, changing the playback speed, changing the playback volume, changing the playback direction, changing or converting the sound file type and creating an echo. 12. Explain audio in context with multimedia. Audio plays an important role in making a multimedia presentation a great success.

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Audio in the presentations sets the mood and ambience of a presentation. Text and images are very useful to the presenter when he himself makes a presentation. Normally, the presenter speaks to the audience while he or she shows the presentation. But, if the presentation is to be done without the presenter, then the sound will play an important role. The best example of this kind of presentation is tour of Windows XP. To make such kind of presentation we need to embed a previously recorded voice with the presentation. Thus, when the user is listening to the presentation. He or she is able to understand it easily by listening to voice and seeing the animation Nowadays, the computer that we get is having very good Multimedia support. They come along with the required hardware and software that are required for multimedia applications. We get inbuilt sound card, speaker, microphone and web camera which are needed for recording and listening. Also operating system provides applications that can be directly used for capturing audio and video. The best example of it is of the Sound Recorder, an audio recording application, provided by Windows XP. To use this type of applications, we must have microphone and speakers connected to the computer. Along with creating sound file the sound recorder can also be used for deleting part of the file, changing the playback speed, changing the playback volume, changing the playback direction, changing or converting the sound file type and creating an echo. Commonly used Audio file extensions are:Extension Full form Extension Full Form Windows WAVE .wav .wma Windows Media Audio Sound File File Media Play list File .m3u .mid, .midi MIDI file MP3 Audio File .mp3 .mpa MPEG Audio File Real Audio File .ra .ram Real Audio Media [Sub-Question:- State the various file extensions for audio with full-form] 13. Nowadays, the computer that we get is having very good Multimedia support. Explain. Nowadays, the computer that we get is having very good Multimedia support. They come along with the required hardware and software that are required for multimedia applications. We get inbuilt sound card, speaker, microphone and web camera which are needed for recording and listening.

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Also operating system provides applications that can be directly used for capturing audio and video. The best example of it is of the Sound Recorder, an audio recording application, provided by Windows XP. To use this type of applications, we must have microphone and speakers connected to the computer. Moreover, it provides support to various Multimedia file types such as .bmp, .wav, .mp3, .midi, .ram, etc. It also provides various applications such as MS PowerPoint, Windows Movie Maker, Macromedia Flash, etc to create great multimedia presentations.

14. State the difference between Video and Animation. Video Animation 1. It refers to the sequence of natural scenes 1. It refers to a sequence of digital images captured using analog or digital video shown one after the other. This creates capturing devices. an effect of moving objects in a scene. 2. The images are natural. 2. The images are virtual. 3. Frames per second is comparatively more. 3. Frames per second is comparatively less. 4. It is captured using digital video recording 4. The images are created using computer camera or a web camera. Mobile phones and using software applications; they are with video capturing features is included. converted into a single clip. 5. ex. Normal movies, TV serials, etc. 5. Ex. Lion King, Bal Ganesh. 6. Video is often used to refer to any kind of 6. An animation is never referred to a live audio/visual recording. recording. 15. Explain the term video. Audio plays an important role in making a multimedia presentation a great success. Audio in the presentations sets the mood and ambience of a presentation. The success of any multimedia can be increased manifold by using video and animation in it. The term video refers to the sequence of natural scenes captured using analog or digital video capturing devices. This device can be a digital video recording camera or a web camera attached to your computer. Mobile phones with video capturing features are also a part of such devices. 16. Define the term animation. Audio plays an important role in making a multimedia presentation a great success. Audio in the presentations sets the mood and ambience of a presentation. The success of any multimedia can be increased manifold by using video and animation in it. Animation refers to a sequence of digital images shown one after the other. This creates an effect of moving objects on the screen. 7 of 14

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The images here are created using computer and then using software applications are converted into a single clip. Some examples of animation are movies like Lion King, Bal Ganesh, etc.

17. Explain in detail about the various parts of Windows Movie Maker and give a brief detail about the same. Windows XP comes with inbuilt movie making software application called Windows Movie Maker. It is used to create or edit a movie. We can also add titles, video transitions, or effects. To open it, select StartAll ProgramsWindows Movie Maker. The window of Movie Maker is divided into four regions namely Pane, Content, Story Board and Monitor. Each of these regions is used for specific purposes. i. Pane : The pane can have two views depending on the view setting we are in. The views are Movie Task Pane and Collection Task Pane. I. Movie Task Pane The Movie Task Pane lists the common tasks that we need to perform when making the movie like capture video, edit movie, finish movie and movie making tips. II. Collection Task Pane The Collection Task Pane displays our collections that has the movie clips. ii. Content : The collections are listed by name in the Collections pane on the left, and the clips in the selected collections are displayed in the Contents Pane on the right. We can drag clips from a collection from the Collections pane or the Contents Pane to the storyboard/time line. We can also drag them to the monitor and play them. iii. Story Board : The area where we actually create and edit our projects is displayed in two views, the story board and the time line. We can drag clips from a collection from the Collections pane or the Contents Pane to the Story Board/ Time Line. We can switch between these two views while making a movie. I. Story Board A story board is used to look at the sequence or ordering of the clips in the project and easily re-arrange them, if necessary. II. Time Line

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A timeline on the other hand is used to review or modify the timing of the clips in the project. iv. Monitor : The monitor is used to view individual clips or an entire project. By using the monitor, the project can be previewed before saving it as a movie. We can also use the buttons on the monitor to perform functions such as splitting a video or audio clip into two smaller clips or taking a picture of the current frame that is displayed in the monitor. 18. How to capture a video using a web cam? How to create a Movie using such videos? Before starting you should make sure that the web can is attached to the computer and working fine with it. Select StartAll ProgramsWindows Movie Maker. It will open the Windows Movie Maker Window. If the Movie Task Pane is open simply click on the link Capture from Video Device. Alternatively use FileCapture Video. This will open the Video Capture Wizard. In the Wizard, select the device under the heading of Available devices, then click on the next button. Now type the name of the file and choose the location where you want to save the file. Click on the Next button which opens a dialog box which allows us to edit the default setting of the video. It determines the quality and the size of the captured video. Click on the next button. Here you can see the preview of the video that you want to capture. If the preview is Ok then click on Start Capture. As soon as you click the Start Capture button a video will be recorded. To stop recording click on Stop Capture. Finally click on Finish button. This will bring the captured video in content pane and monitor. We can now play or edit this video. If we have more such movie clips then we can drag them to the story board one by one and then create a movie. To save the movie, select File Save Movie File. Specify the location of the file on the computer and name of the movie and click on the finish button. The movie will be saved with the extension .wmv. It is known as Windows Media Video (Audio) File. 19. Give name along with full-forms of some commonly used extensions of a video file. Extension Full form Extension Full Form Audio Video Interleave .avi .wmv Windows Media Video File File.

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.mp4 .rm .mpg
MPEG-4 Video File Real Media File

.mov, .qt .swf

Apple Quick Time Movie Macromedia Flash Movie

MPEG Video File

20. Write a note on the Interactive Objects as basic building block in Multimedia. A good multimedia presentation needs to have an effective interaction mechanism. Consider a case where a user wants to skip some portion of the presentation or wants to see a part of it again. In such cases normally a user is provided with interactive objects like hyperlinks or navigation buttons. These objects when clicked upon changes the flow of presentation as per users choice. Normally, these buttons are on the right hand corner of the presentation. 21. Explain in brief how multimedia is used in different fields of life. Multimedia has become a part of everyones life. It is used in various areas like : i. Advertisements Advertisement is one of the major sources of promoting products of manufacturing companies in the market. It is also a major source of putting in front of the audience the characteristics of the product, Exciting presentations and animations are used to promote a product. This in turn grabs and keeps attention of the audience in the product. A simplest example of this would be the character Fido that is used to promote a soft-drink. ii. Education In Education, Multimedia has been used since several decades. It started with normal presentation and now has been extended to interactive computer based trainings. We are now able to have fun with education. The Computer Bases training courses (CBT) are used for almost all age categories from Kindergarten to Post-graduates. This training course lets the user interact with itself. It allows user to go through a series of animations, presentations, test and illustrations of a particular topic. The topic can be a Kindergarten poem or advanced topic of how computer works. iii. Entertainment Entertainment industry has become one of the largest users of multimedia.

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Here it is heavily used to develop special effects in animation and movies. Who can forget the breath-taking movies like Jurassic Park or Ice Age? Multimedia games have become a favourite past-time of teens nowadays. With the availability of lot of gaming software programs for individuals or groups, virtual gaming has become a reality today. With usage of such software two players sitting in different continents can play a game sitting in their computers. iv. Engineering and Medicine Conducting a real experiment is a costly affair in engineering and medical disciplines. Multimedia comes in handy here also. Simulation programs that do not use real objects for experiment but uses animation of the experimental processes are if great help. Say for example a car manufacturing company may simulate a process to find the effect of a crash on car. Similarly a doctor may use a simulation that shows him how a particular virus affects if a patient. Although we have discussed some of the usages of multimedia applications these usages are not the only ones. The domain of multimedia has great future and is applicable to almost all the aspects of life.

22. Explain the steps that should be kept in mind while designing a multimedia application. Any presentation that you make must be carefully planned and designed. This becomes more of a concern when developing a multimedia application. As it is applicable to almost all the fields, a plan made for entertainment application may not work with an educational application and vice-versa. Although approach to developing a game and a simulation program may be different but there will always be some common features. This section discusses these common features. An application should be planned on paper long before implementing or programming. A plan should include :1. Purpose of Presentation : The purpose of the presentation determines the exact goals to be achieved by the program, the reasons of achieving these goals, present methods and a valuation of success of these methods. 2. Target Audience of the Presentation :-

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Determining the target audience is always the important factor in designing a multimedia application. Say for example, if you are making an application for a person of young age, then you have to assume that the user may not have an exposure to computers and design an application keeping this in mind. On the other hand if this is for computer literate then it is possible to add complexity to the application. 3. Media to be Used : Multimedia applications use text, graphics, sound files, video clips, etc. Media requirement helps us in identifying where these objects are to be obtained from. The media needed be already available or created. 4. Story Board : Finally, we should have a detailed screen to screen description of the application called Story Board. A Story Board gives us a clear idea of the flow of the application from the start to the end. If we work as per the plan mentioned above, then most of the applications you may develop will turn out to be good. 23. List and explain the different building blocks of multimedia. The basic building blocks of multimedia are text, image, audio, video and interactive objects. These building blocks when used make the presentation better. 1. Text :o Text plays an important role in the presentation. It is contained in almost every presentation right from the textbooks till the MS PowerPoint Presentation. o The text has been classified into two categories: ASCII and true fonts. o ASCII characters are 8 pixels high and 8 pixels wide set of pixels o True type fonts are miniature picture and are displayed on the screen. o We can develop text using programs like word processors and authoring software. The simplest way to develop a test is Microsoft Word Art. o We can use fonts like bold, italics, underline, superscript, etc. to make our presentation more effective. o To highlight a point we can use bulleted fonts while defining a term we can use paragraph. o But, the most important thing is to know how and when test should be used. 2. Image :-

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o A picture is worth a million words. And hence, using images in presentations is quite a common practice. o Images are used as background to make presentation interesting, charts for showing data analysis, flow graphs for showing flow of activity or processes, and for many other processes. o Images may be natural or created using computers. Natural images need to be converted into digital form by using image scanners. o Most of the applications nowadays provide with in-built images. We can easily use such images in our presentation. 3. Audio :o Audio plays an important role in making a multimedia presentation a great success. o Audio in the presentations sets the mood and ambience of a presentation. o The best example of this kind of presentation is tour of Windows XP. o To make such kind of presentation we need to embed a previously recorded voice with the presentation. o Thus, when the user is listening to the presentation. He or she is able to understand it easily by listening to voice and seeing the animation o Nowadays, the computer that we get is having very good Multimedia support. o They come along with the required hardware and software that are required for multimedia applications. o We get inbuilt sound card, speaker, microphone and web camera which are needed for recording and listening. 4. Video :o The success of any multimedia can be increased manifold by using video and animation in it. o The term video refers to the sequence of natural scenes captured using analog or digital video capturing devices. o This device can be a digital video recording camera or a web camera attached to your computer. o Mobile phones with video capturing features are also a part of such devices. 5. Interactive Objects :o A good multimedia presentation needs to have an effective interaction mechanism. o Consider a case where a user wants to skip some portion of the presentation or wants to see a part of it again. o In such cases normally a user is provided with interactive objects like hyperlinks or navigation buttons.

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o These objects when clicked upon changes the flow of presentation as per users choice. 24. Multiple Choice Questions(TEXTBOOK EXERCISE) Text has been classified as _________ and ___________. A. ASCII, ISCII C. ISCII, True Type B. ASCII, True Type D. ISCII, Bitmap ii. The ASCII characters are ________ pixels wide and high set of pixels. A.8 B. 16 C. 32 D. 64 iii. Which of the following is an extension of an image file? A. .bmp B. .jpeg C. .gif D. All of the above. i. iv. The sound file created by using Windows XP sound recorder has which of the following extensions? A. .swf C. .doc B. .wav D. .mp3 Interactive objects are normally used to change the ______ of the presentations. A. Contents C. Flow B. vi. Colour D. None of the above

v.

Which of the following fields has a usage of multimedia? A. Entertainment C. None of the above B. Multimedia D. Both of the above The exact goal to be achieved by a multimedia application is obtained from which of the following? A. Purpose of Presentation C. Media B. Story Board D. Users of Presentation

vii.

25. Give full form of the following :1. ASCII : - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 2. CBT :- Computer Based Training courses. (For other full-forms refer the tables)

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