THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, MANUFACTURING STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE: STUDY AMONGST INDONESIAN MANUFACTURERS

Dra. Lina Anatan, M.Si. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung) Dr. Fahmy Radhi, MBA. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta)

Globalization has created an environment where manufacturing firm must adopt and implement sophisticated manufacturing strategy, technology, and improvement techniques if they want to stay competitive. To be successful in this globally competitive and rapidly changing environment, organization must formulate strategic plan that are consistent with their investment in and use of technology. This research was conducted to investigate the relationship amongst environment uncertainty, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance. This study also investigates the moderating role of technology (both hard and soft technology) on the strategy and performance relationship. Data are collected through mailed questionnaire (525 questionnaires) and direct survey to 25 firms. The total questionnaires are sent to 550 CEOs manufacturing firm in Indonesia. A hundred and six responses are returned yielding response rate 19.27%. The study finds relationship between environmental factors such as business cost, labor availability, competitive hostility, and dynamism in the market, and the manufacturing strategy choices encompassed by competitive priorities. The study also indicates different result for hard and soft technology. Hard technology moderates the relationship between manufacturing strategy and operational performance, as a quase moderator variable. On the other hand, soft technology has an impact in the manufacturing strategy-performance relationship as an independent predictor variable, but it doesnt moderate the relationship between manufacturing strategy and operational performance. Keywords: environmental uncertainty, manufacturing strategy, technology adoption, firm performance.

TRIPLE-R STRATEGY OF REFORMATIONREVITALIZATION, REFLECTION, AND REALIZATION: IN MEMORY OF 10 YEARS OF REFORMATION AND 100 YEARS OF NATIONAL AWAKENING [2008]
Drs. Wakhid Slamet Ciptono, MBA., MPM. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Ph.D. Candidate of Faculty of Business and Accountancy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Faculty of Economics, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

When Reformation era came in 1998, it seemed to arise with the widespread expectation and recognizable in which an important aim would be to provide protection (development and empowerment) of various kinds for the wong cilik (small people) across Indonesia. Then it gained momentum, like a snowball, going downhill fast and hurtling into the rhetoric reformation in 2007. Reformation just became the acceleration of promoting the bad and preventing the good actions (amar munkar, nahi maruf)the grey area of reformation. In the relatively brief nine years since the end of the Soeharto presidency on May 21, 1998, four Presidents with markedly different styles and priorities have held the leadership of the Indonesian Reformation program. They were introduced to remedy the huge problems that had plagued Indonesias business system in the past. A major change affecting the business environment was the political-business instability and uncertainty accompanying the resignation of long-time President Soeharto on May 21,1998. The high general expectations of the reformation would bring may have caused public sectors and business entities to adopt a wait-and-see attitude towards changes in governments policy consistency. It is recognition of the need to turn-around the rhetoric reformation into the right strategy of the real reformation successfully. By definition, reformation is an intended improvement in the existing form or condition of institutions or nation; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs (quality of life). The year of 200810 years of Reformation: 21 May 1998 21 May 2008 and 100 years of National Awakening: 20 May 1908 20 May 2008) is important transition year for entering the era of New Indonesiathe real reformation era, following efforts of managing with the triple-R strategy (Revitalization, Reflection, and Realization) of Reformation in facing up to global challenges. Triple-R strategy of reformation is an important requirement for Indonesia to stay ahead competition and survive in the global competitive market place. The issues involved in understanding the reformation of management in Indonesians perspective is presented in this paper. The paper displays: (1) The observations from the integration between evolutionary changes (TQM), learning from best practices (Benchmarking), and revolutionary changes (Reengineering)Triple-R strategy of Reformation: revitalization, reflection, and realization of reformation, (2) View and history of Indonesian Management, (3) The Red and White Management as the philosophy of Total Quality of Indonesian Management (TQIM) to pursue the successful reformation implementation (promote the good, prevent the bad or amar maruf, nahi munkar). The conclusions and the redefinition of reformation are provided at the last session.

Keywords:Benchmarking, Reengineering, Reformation, The Red and White Management, Total Quality Management (TQM), Total Quality of Indonesian Management (TQIM), Triple-R Strategy.

ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF STRUKTUR PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROPINSI D.I. YOGYAKARTA, TAHUN 2004-2005
Asri Wening Handayani, SE. (Alumni Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan STIE YKPN Yogyakarta. Sedang melanjutkan studi lanjut di Program Magister Ekonomi Pembangunan (MEP) Universitas Gadjah Mada) Drs. Rudy Badrudin, M.Si. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan STIE YKPN Yogyakarta)

The Locals Autonomy per January 1, 2001 has gave a bigger role to the local government to handle the development in the local area includes within managing the locals finance (ABPD) to be more autonomous. The successful estimating of the development program which has been approaching by the local government could be done some of them by the activity analysis of the local government within managing the locals finance by doing the PAD descriptive analysis. This research would analyze the activity of the locals governmet in Province DIY within managing the locals finance by doing the PAD descriptive analysis in Province DIY. Keywords: locals autonomy, PAD

ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEBUTUHAN INVESTASI, DAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Kurnia Astuti, SE., M.Si. (Staf Bappeda Bidang Ekonomi Kabupaten Sleman) Dr. Budiono Sri Handoko, MA. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Ilmu Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada)

This research aim to know the projection of PDRB and economic growth, requirement of investment and requirement of labour addition in Sleman Regency in the year 2005-2009. Analysis tools that used are trend linear with the least square method to know the projection of PDRB, Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) analysis to know requirement of investment and also capital labor ratio and Incremental Labour Output Ratio (ILOR) analysis to know requirement of the labour addition in the year 2005-2009. From the result of analysis, the projection of PDRB year 2005-2009 increasing. Value of ICOR mean is 2,847 meaning to yield the PDRB equal to Rp1,000.00 required capital addition equal to Rp2.847,00. With the standard deviation equal to 2.525 hence ICOR classified in 3 criterion that is low ICOR, middle ICOR and high ICOR. Pursuant to criterion ICOR hence projection of requirement of invesment differentiated to become the optimism projection, moderating projection and pessimist projection. Capital labor ratio in Sleman Regency is equal to 65.748.166 its meaning every one employee in the year 1999-2004 using capital equal to Rp65,748,166.00. With set of PDRB in millions of, value of ILOR mean is equal to 0.35 its meaning to increase PDRB equal to Rp100,000,000.00 required a labour addition equal to 35 person. With the standard deviasi equal to 0.9 hence ILOR classified in 3 criterion that is high ILOR, middle ILOR and low ICOR. To avoid the tradeoff between economic growth and goals to create the new job opportunity, investment given high priority at sector having positive ILOR that is industrial processing sector, trade hotel and restaurant sector, financial rental and service of company sector, and services sector. Keywords: economic growth, investment, incremental capital output ratio, capital labor ratio, incremental labour output ratio, employment absorbtion.

IDENTIFIKASI PENTINGNYA KOMUNIKASI NONVERBAL DI ORGANISASI

Olivia Fachrunnisa, SE., M.Si. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (Unissula), Semarang)

The purpose of this study is to gather information on perceptions of nonverbal communication. One hundred and eleven respondents from lecturers of Sultan Agung Islamic University were surveyed. Dividing the sample on the basis of perceived decoding ability and gender revealed several differences between the groups. Nonverbal communication was more important to self-rated good decoders than to other decoders. Better decoders relied most on verbal content and facial expressions for accurate information while less skilled decoders preferred verbal content and then, voice level or tone. Women, individually, rated themselves higher than men in decoding ability and as a group, were perceived by both men and women to be better decoders and encoders of nonverbal cues. Recommendations for improved communication in business included paying more attention to nonverbal cues, especially the facial expressions. Managers should be aware that most employee feel frustration and distrust when receiving conflicting signals from their supervisors, and should try to modify their behavior by being more honest when communicating their emotions. Keywords: nonverbal communication, perceived decoding ability.

PENGUKURAN TINGKAT KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF BARANG EKSPOR INDONESIA

Dra. Astuti Purnamawati, M.Si. (Dosen Tetap Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan STIE YKPN Yogyakarta)

One of ten items of Indonesias economic recovery programs is to boost exports. It is because revenues from exports are expected to be able to recover Indonesias economic downturn. Exports increase must be leveled with increase in productivity of resources used in the production process. Increase in resources productivity can enhance populations standard of living. A countrys increase in productivity of economic resources can be attained through specializations of products that contain high comparative advantage by the country. Products with low comparative advantage can be obtained through international transactions. The result of identification process toward the extent of comparative advantage of Indonesias export products shows that Indonesia has high comparative advantage on products that are categorized in Transaction Goods, while in Machinery and Transportation and Chemical Product Category, Indonesia has low comparative advantage. Keyword: exports, recovery, comparative advantage.