Republic Act No 8293

1 narLaLez (2Manresa)
kLU8LIC AC1 No 8293 Iune 6 1997

AN AC1 kLSCkI8ING 1nL IN1LLLLC1UAL kCLk1 CCDL AND
LS1A8LISnING 1nL IN1LLLLC1UAL kCLk1 CIIICL kCVIDING
ICk I1S CWLkS AND IUNC1ICNS AND ICk C1nLk UkCSLS
Ak1 I
1nL IN1LLLLC1UAL kCLk1 CIIICL
Sect|on 1 1ltle 1hls AcL shall be known as Lhe lnLellecLual
roperLy Code of Lhe hlllpplnes
Sect|on 2 eclototloo of 5tote lollcy 1he SLaLe recognlzes LhaL
an effecLlve lnLellecLual and lndusLrlal properLy sysLem ls vlLal Lo
Lhe developmenL of domesLlc and creaLlve acLlvlLy faclllLaLes
Lransfer of Lechnology aLLracLs forelgn lnvesLmenLs and ensures
markeL access for our producLs lL shall proLecL and secure Lhe
excluslve rlghLs of sclenLlsLs lnvenLors arLlsLs and oLher glfLed
clLlzens Lo Lhelr lnLellecLual properLy and creaLlons parLlcularly
when beneflclal Lo Lhe people for such perlods as provlded ln Lhls
AcL
1he use of lnLellecLual properLy bears a soclal funcLlon 1o Lhls
end Lhe SLaLe shall promoLe Lhe dlffuslon of knowledge and
lnformaLlon for Lhe promoLlon of naLlonal developmenL and
progress and Lhe common good
lL ls also Lhe pollcy of Lhe SLaLe Lo sLreamllne admlnlsLraLlve
procedures of reglsLerlng paLenLs Lrademarks and copyrlghL Lo
llberallze Lhe reglsLraLlon on Lhe Lransfer of Lechnology and Lo
enhance Lhe enforcemenL of lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs ln Lhe
hlllpplnes (n)
Sect|on 3 otetootloool cooveotloos ooJ keclptoclty Any person
who ls a naLlonal or who ls domlclled or has a real and effecLlve
lndusLrlal esLabllshmenL ln a counLry whlch ls a parLy Lo any
convenLlon LreaLy or agreemenL relaLlng Lo lnLellecLual properLy
rlghLs or Lhe represslon of unfalr compeLlLlon Lo whlch Lhe
hlllpplnes ls also a parLy or exLends reclprocal rlghLs Lo naLlonals
of Lhe hlllpplnes by law shall be enLlLled Lo beneflLs Lo Lhe exLenL
necessary Lo glve effecL Lo any provlslon of such convenLlon LreaLy
or reclprocal law ln addlLlon Lo Lhe rlghLs Lo whlch any owner of
an lnLellecLual properLy rlghL ls oLherwlse enLlLled by Lhls AcL (n)
Sect|on 4 efloltloos 41 1he Lerm lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs
conslsLs of
a) CopyrlghL and 8elaLed 8lghLs
b) 1rademarks and Servlce Marks
c) Ceographlc lndlcaLlons
d) lndusLrlal ueslgns
e) aLenLs
f) LayouLueslgns (1opographles) of lnLegraLed ClrculLs
and
g) roLecLlon of undlsclosed lnformaLlon (n 18lS)
42 1he Lerm Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenLs refers Lo
conLracLs or agreemenLs lnvolvlng Lhe Lransfer of sysLemaLlc
knowledge for Lhe manufacLure of a producL Lhe appllcaLlon of a
process or renderlng of a servlce lncludlng managemenL
conLracLs and Lhe Lransfer asslgnmenL or llcenslng of all forms of
lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs lncludlng llcenslng of compuLer
sofLware excepL compuLer sofLware developed for mass markeL
43 1he Lerm Cfflce refers Lo Lhe lnLellecLual roperLy Cfflce
creaLed by Lhls AcL
44 1he Lerm lC CazeLLe refers Lo Lhe gazeLLe publlshed by Lhe
Cfflce under Lhls AcL (n)
Sect|on S octloos of tbe otellectol ltopetty Offlce (lO) 31
1o admlnlsLer and lmplemenL Lhe SLaLe pollcles declared ln Lhls
AcL Lhere ls hereby creaLed Lhe lnLellecLual roperLy Cfflce (lC)
whlch shall have Lhe followlng funcLlons
a) Lxamlne appllcaLlons for granL of leLLers paLenL for
lnvenLlons and reglsLer uLlllLy models and lndusLrlal
deslgns
b) Lxamlne appllcaLlons for Lhe reglsLraLlon of marks
geographlc lndlcaLlon lnLegraLed clrculLs
c) 8eglsLer Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenLs and seLLle
dlspuLes lnvolvlng Lechnology Lransfer paymenLs
covered by Lhe provlslons of arL ll ChapLer lx on
volunLary Llcenslng and develop and lmplemenL
sLraLegles Lo promoLe and faclllLaLe Lechnology Lransfer
d) romoLe Lhe use of paLenL lnformaLlon as a Lool for
Lechnology developmenL
e) ubllsh regularly ln lLs own publlcaLlon Lhe paLenLs
marks uLlllLy models and lndusLrlal deslgns lssued and
approved and Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenLs
reglsLered
f) AdmlnlsLraLlvely ad[udlcaLe conLesLed proceedlngs
affecLlng lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs and
g) CoordlnaLe wlLh oLher governmenL agencles and Lhe
prlvaLe secLor efforLs Lo formulaLe and lmplemenL plans
and pollcles Lo sLrengLhen Lhe proLecLlon of lnLellecLual
properLy rlghLs ln Lhe counLry
32 1he Cfflce shall have cusLody of all records books drawlngs
speclflcaLlons documenLs and oLher papers and Lhlngs relaLlng Lo
lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs appllcaLlons flled wlLh Lhe Cfflce (n)
Sect|on 6 1be Otqoolzotloool 5ttctte of tbe lO 61 1he Cfflce
shall be headed by a ulrecLor Ceneral who shall be asslsLed by Lwo

(2) uepuLles ulrecLor Ceneral
62 1he Cfflce shall be dlvlded lnLo slx (6) 8ureaus each of whlch
shall be headed by a ulrecLor and asslsLed by an AsslsLanL ulrecLor
1hese 8ureaus are
a) 1he 8ureau of aLenLs
b) 1he 8ureau of 1rademarks
c) 1he 8ureau of Legal Affalrs
d) 1he uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and 1echnology
1ransfer 8ureau
e) 1he ManagemenL lnformaLlon SysLem and Lu
8ureau and
f) 1he AdmlnlsLraLlve llnanclal and ersonnel Servlces
8ureau
63 1he ulrecLor Ceneral uepuLles ulrecLor Ceneral ulrecLors
and AsslsLanL ulrecLors shall be appolnLed by Lhe resldenL and
Lhe oLher offlcers and employees of Lhe Cfflce by Lhe SecreLary of
1rade and lndusLry conformably wlLh and under Lhe Clvll Servlce
Law (n)
Sect|on 7 1be ltectot Ceoetol ooJ eptles ltectot Ceoetol
71 luncLlons 1he ulrecLor Ceneral shall exerclse Lhe followlng
powers and funcLlons
a) Manage and dlrecL all funcLlons and acLlvlLles of Lhe
Cfflce lncludlng Lhe promulgaLlon of rules and
regulaLlons Lo lmplemenL Lhe ob[ecLlves pollcles plans
programs and pro[ecLs of Lhe Cfflce rovlded 1haL ln
Lhe exerclse of Lhe auLhorlLy Lo propose pollcles and
sLandards ln relaLlon Lo Lhe followlng (1) Lhe effecLlve
efflclenL and economlcal operaLlons of Lhe Cfflce
requlrlng sLaLuLory enacLmenL (2) coordlnaLlon wlLh
oLher agencles of governmenL ln relaLlon Lo Lhe
enforcemenL of lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs (3) Lhe
recognlLlon of aLLorneys agenLs or oLher persons
represenLlng appllcanLs or oLher parLles before Lhe
Cfflce and (4) Lhe esLabllshmenL of fees for Lhe flllng
and processlng of an appllcaLlon for a paLenL uLlllLy
model or lndusLrlal deslgn or mark or a collecLlve mark
geographlc lndlcaLlon and oLher marks of ownershlp
and for all oLher servlces performed and maLerlals
furnlshed by Lhe Cfflce Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral shall be
sub[ecL Lo Lhe supervlslon of Lhe SecreLary of 1rade and
lndusLry
b) Lxerclse excluslve appellaLe [urlsdlcLlon over all
declslons rendered by Lhe ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs Lhe
ulrecLor of aLenLs Lhe ulrecLor of 1rademarks and Lhe
ulrecLor of Lhe uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and
1echnology 1ransfer 8ureau 1he declslons of Lhe
ulrecLor Ceneral ln Lhe exerclse of hls appellaLe
[urlsdlcLlon ln respecL of Lhe declslons of Lhe ulrecLor of
aLenLs and Lhe ulrecLor of 1rademarks shall be
appealable Lo Lhe CourL of Appeals ln accordance wlLh
Lhe 8ules of CourL and Lhose ln respecL of Lhe declslons
of Lhe ulrecLor of uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and
1echnology 1ransfer 8ureau shall be appealable Lo Lhe
SecreLary of 1rade and lndusLry and
c) Lxerclse orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon Lo resolve dlspuLes
relaLlng Lo Lhe Lerms of a llcense lnvolvlng Lhe auLhors
rlghL Lo publlc performance or oLher communlcaLlon of
hls work 1he declslons of Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral ln Lhese
cases shall be appealable Lo Lhe SecreLary of 1rade and
lndusLry
72 CuallflcaLlons 1he ulrecLor Ceneral and Lhe uepuLles
ulrecLor Ceneral musL be naLural born clLlzens of Lhe hlllpplnes
aL leasL LhlrLyflve (33) years of age on Lhe day of Lhelr
appolnLmenL holders of a college degree and of proven
compeLence lnLegrlLy problLy and lndependence rovlded 1haL
Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral and aL leasL one (1) uepuLy ulrecLor Ceneral
shall be members of Lhe hlllpplne 8ar who have engaged ln Lhe
pracLlce of law for aL leasL Len (10) years rovlded furLher 1haL ln
Lhe selecLlon of Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral and Lhe uepuLles ulrecLor
Ceneral conslderaLlon shall be glven Lo such quallflcaLlons as
would resulL as far as pracLlcable ln Lhe balanced represenLaLlon
ln Lhe ulrecLoraLe Ceneral of Lhe varlous flelds of lnLellecLual
properLy
73 1erm of Cfflce 1he ulrecLor Ceneral and Lhe uepuLles
ulrecLor Ceneral shall be appolnLed by Lhe resldenL for a Lerm of
flve (3) years and shall be ellglble for reappolnLmenL only once
rovlded 1haL Lhe flrsL ulrecLor Ceneral shall have a flrsL Lerm of
seven (7) years AppolnLmenL Lo any vacancy shall be only for Lhe
unexplred Lerm of Lhe predecessor
74 1he Cfflce of Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral 1he Cfflce of Lhe ulrecLor
Ceneral shall conslsL of Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral and Lhe uepuLles
ulrecLor Ceneral Lhelr lmmedlaLe sLaff and such Cfflces and
Servlces LhaL Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral wlll seL up Lo supporL dlrecLly
Lhe Cfflce of Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral (n)
Sect|on 8 1be 8teo of loteots 1he 8ureau of aLenLs shall
have Lhe followlng funcLlons
81 Search and examlnaLlon of paLenL appllcaLlons and Lhe granL
of paLenLs
82 8eglsLraLlon of uLlllLy models lndusLrlal deslgns and
lnLegraLed clrculLs and
83 ConducL sLudles and researches ln Lhe fleld of paLenLs ln order
Lo asslsL Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral ln formulaLlng pollcles on Lhe
admlnlsLraLlon and examlnaLlon of paLenLs (n)
Sect|on 9 1be 8teo of 1toJemotks 1he 8ureau of 1rademarks
shall have Lhe followlng funcLlons
91 Search and examlnaLlon of Lhe appllcaLlons for Lhe

reglsLraLlon of marks geographlc lndlcaLlons and oLher marks of
ownershlp and Lhe lssuance of Lhe cerLlflcaLes of reglsLraLlon and
92 ConducL sLudles and researches ln Lhe fleld of Lrademarks ln
order Lo asslsL Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral ln formulaLlng pollcles on Lhe
admlnlsLraLlon and examlnaLlon of Lrademarks (n)
Sect|on 10 1be 8teo of leqol Affolts 1he 8ureau of Legal
Affalrs shall have Lhe followlng funcLlons
101 Pear and declde opposlLlon Lo Lhe appllcaLlon for
reglsLraLlon of marks cancellaLlon of Lrademarks sub[ecL Lo Lhe
provlslons of SecLlon 64 cancellaLlon of paLenLs uLlllLy models
and lndusLrlal deslgns and peLlLlons for compulsory llcenslng of
paLenLs
102 (a) Lxerclse orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon ln admlnlsLraLlve complalnLs
for vlolaLlons of laws lnvolvlng lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs
rovlded 1haL lLs [urlsdlcLlon ls llmlLed Lo complalnLs where Lhe
LoLal damages clalmed are noL less Lhan 1wo hundred Lhousand
pesos (200000) rovlded furLher 1haL avallmenL of Lhe
provlslonal remedles may be granLed ln accordance wlLh Lhe 8ules
of CourL 1he ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs shall have Lhe power Lo hold
and punlsh for conLempL all Lhose who dlsregard orders or wrlLs
lssued ln Lhe course of Lhe proceedlngs (n)
(b) AfLer formal lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe ulrecLor for Legal
Affalrs may lmpose one (1) or more of Lhe followlng
admlnlsLraLlve penalLles
(l) 1he lssuance of a cease and deslsL order
whlch shall speclfy Lhe acLs LhaL Lhe
respondenL shall cease and deslsL from and
shall requlre hlm Lo submlL a compllance
reporL wlLhln a reasonable Llme whlch shall be
flxed ln Lhe order
(ll) 1he accepLance of a volunLary assurance of
compllance or dlsconLlnuance as may be
lmposed Such volunLary assurance may
lnclude one or more of Lhe followlng
(1) An assurance Lo comply wlLh Lhe
provlslons of Lhe lnLellecLual
properLy law vlolaLed
(2) An assurance Lo refraln from
engaglng ln unlawful and unfalr acLs
and pracLlces sub[ecL of Lhe formal
lnvesLlgaLlon
(3) An assurance Lo recall replace
repalr or refund Lhe money value of
defecLlve goods dlsLrlbuLed ln
commerce and
(4) An assurance Lo relmburse Lhe
complalnanL Lhe expenses and cosLs
lncurred ln prosecuLlng Lhe case ln
Lhe 8ureau of Legal Affalrs
1he ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs may also requlre
Lhe respondenL Lo submlL perlodlc compllance
reporLs and flle a bond Lo guaranLee
compllance of hls underLaklng
(lll) 1he condemnaLlon or selzure of producLs
whlch are sub[ecL of Lhe offense 1he goods
selzed hereunder shall be dlsposed of ln such
manner as may be deemed approprlaLe by Lhe
ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs such as by sale
donaLlon Lo dlsLressed local governmenLs or Lo
charlLable or rellef lnsLlLuLlons exporLaLlon
recycllng lnLo oLher goods or any comblnaLlon
Lhereof under such guldellnes as he may
provlde
(lv) 1he forfelLure of paraphernalla and all real
and personal properLles whlch have been used
ln Lhe commlsslon of Lhe offense
(v) 1he lmposlLlon of admlnlsLraLlve flnes ln
such amounL as deemed reasonable by Lhe
ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs whlch shall ln no case
be less Lhan llve Lhousand pesos (3000) nor
more Lhan Cne hundred flfLy Lhousand pesos
(130000) ln addlLlon an addlLlonal flne of
noL more Lhan Cne Lhousand pesos (1000)
shall be lmposed for each day of conLlnulng
vlolaLlon
(vl) 1he cancellaLlon of any permlL llcense
auLhorlLy or reglsLraLlon whlch may have been
granLed by Lhe Cfflce or Lhe suspenslon of Lhe
valldlLy Lhereof for such perlod of Llme as Lhe
ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs may deem reasonable
whlch shall noL exceed one (1) year
(vll) 1he wlLhholdlng of any permlL llcense
auLhorlLy or reglsLraLlon whlch ls belng
secured by Lhe respondenL from Lhe Cfflce
(vlll) 1he assessmenL of damages
(lx) Censure and
(x) CLher analogous penalLles or sancLlons
(Secs 6 7 8 and 9 LxecuLlve Crder no 913
1983a)
103 1he ulrecLor Ceneral may by 8egulaLlons esLabllsh Lhe
procedure Lo govern Lhe lmplemenLaLlon of Lhls SecLlon (n)
Sect|on 11 1be ocmeototloo ofotmotloo ooJ 1ecbooloqy
1toosfet 8teo 1he uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and

1echnology 1ransfer 8ureau shall have Lhe followlng funcLlons
111 SupporL Lhe search and examlnaLlon acLlvlLles of Lhe Cfflce
Lhrough Lhe followlng acLlvlLles
(a) MalnLaln and upkeep classlflcaLlon sysLems wheLher
Lhey be naLlonal or lnLernaLlonal such as Lhe
lnLernaLlonal aLenL ClasslflcaLlon (lC) sysLem
(b) rovlde advlsory servlces for Lhe deLermlnaLlon of
search paLLerns
(c) MalnLaln search flles and search rooms and reference
llbrarles and
(d) AdapL and package lndusLrlal properLy lnformaLlon
112 LsLabllsh neLworks or lnLermedlarles or reglonal
represenLaLlves
113 LducaLe Lhe publlc and bulld awareness on lnLellecLual
properLy Lhrough Lhe conducL of semlnars and lecLures and oLher
slmllar acLlvlLles
114 LsLabllsh worklng relaLlons wlLh research and developmenL
lnsLlLuLlons as well as wlLh local and lnLernaLlonal lnLellecLual
properLy professlonal groups and Lhe llke
113 erform sLaLeofLhearL searches
116 romoLe Lhe use of paLenL lnformaLlon as an effecLlve Lool Lo
faclllLaLe Lhe developmenL of Lechnology ln Lhe counLry
117 rovlde Lechnlcal advlsory and oLher servlces relaLlng Lo Lhe
llcenslng and promoLlon of Lechnology and carry ouL an efflclenL
and effecLlve program for Lechnology Lransfer and
118 8eglsLer Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenLs and seLLle
dlspuLes lnvolvlng Lechnology Lransfer paymenLs (n)
Sect|on 12 1be Moooqemeot ofotmotloo 5etvlces ooJ l
8teo 1he ManagemenL lnformaLlon Servlces and Lu 8ureau
shall
121 ConducL auLomaLlon plannlng research and developmenL
LesLlng of sysLems conLracLs wlLh flrms conLracLlng purchase and
malnLenance of equlpmenL deslgn and malnLenance of sysLems
user consulLaLlon and Lhe llke and
122 rovlde managemenL lnformaLlon supporL and servlce Lo Lhe
Cfflce (n)
Sect|on 13 1be AJmlolsttotlve loooclol ooJ nmoo kesotce
evelopmeot 5etvlce 8teo 131 1he AdmlnlsLraLlve Servlce
shall (a) rovlde servlces relaLlve Lo procuremenL and allocaLlon of
supplles and equlpmenL LransporLaLlon messengerlal work
cashlerlng paymenL of salarles and oLher Cfflces obllgaLlons
offlce malnLenance proper safeLy and securlLy and oLher uLlllLy
servlces and comply wlLh governmenL regulaLory requlremenLs ln
Lhe areas of performance appralsal compensaLlon and beneflLs
employmenL records and reporLs
(b) 8ecelve all appllcaLlons flled wlLh Lhe Cfflce and
collecL fees Lherefor and
(c) ubllsh paLenL appllcaLlons and granLs Lrademark
appllcaLlons and reglsLraLlon of marks lndusLrlal
deslgns uLlllLy models geographlc lndlcaLlon and lay
ouLdeslgns of lnLegraLed clrculLs reglsLraLlons
132 1he aLenL and 1rademark AdmlnlsLraLlon Servlces shall
perform Lhe followlng funcLlons among oLhers
(a) MalnLaln reglsLers of asslgnmenLs merglngs llcenses
and blbllographlc on paLenLs and Lrademarks
(b) CollecL malnLenance fees lssue cerLlfled coples of
documenLs ln lLs cusLody and perform slmllar oLher
acLlvlLles and
(c) Pold ln cusLody all Lhe appllcaLlons flled wlLh Lhe
offlce and all paLenL granLs cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlons
lssued by Lhe offlce and Lhe llke
133 1he llnanclal Servlce shall formulaLe and manage a flnanclal
program Lo ensure avallablllLy and proper uLlllzaLlon of funds
provlde for an effecLlve monlLorlng sysLem of Lhe flnanclal
operaLlons of Lhe Cfflce and
134 1he Puman 8esource uevelopmenL Servlce shall deslgn and
lmplemenL human resource developmenL plans and programs for
Lhe personnel of Lhe Cfflce provlde for presenL and fuLure
manpower needs of Lhe organlzaLlon malnLaln hlgh morale and
favorable employee aLLlLudes Lowards Lhe organlzaLlon Lhrough
Lhe conLlnulng deslgn and lmplemenLaLlon of employee
developmenL programs (n)
Sect|on 14 Dse of otellectol ltopetty klqbts ees by tbe lO
141 lor a more effecLlve and expedlLlous lmplemenLaLlon of Lhls
AcL Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral shall be auLhorlzed Lo reLaln wlLhouL
need of a separaLe approval from any governmenL agency and
sub[ecL only Lo Lhe exlsLlng accounLlng and audlLlng rules and
regulaLlons all Lhe fees flnes royalLles and oLher charges
collecLed by Lhe Cfflce under Lhls AcL and Lhe oLher laws LhaL Lhe
Cfflce wlll be mandaLed Lo admlnlsLer for use ln lLs operaLlons
llke upgradlng of lLs faclllLles equlpmenL ouLlay human resource
developmenL and Lhe acqulslLlon of Lhe approprlaLe offlce space
among oLhers Lo lmprove Lhe dellvery of lLs servlces Lo Lhe publlc
1hls amounL whlch shall be ln addlLlon Lo Lhe Cfflces annual
budgeL shall be deposlLed and malnLalned ln a separaLe accounL
or fund whlch may be used or dlsbursed dlrecLly by Lhe ulrecLor
Ceneral
142 AfLer flve (3) years from Lhe comlng lnLo force of Lhls AcL Lhe
ulrecLor Ceneral shall sub[ecL Lo Lhe approval of Lhe SecreLary of
1rade and lndusLry deLermlne lf Lhe fees and charges menLloned

ln SubsecLlon 141 hereof LhaL Lhe Cfflce shall collecL are sufflclenL
Lo meeL lLs budgeLary requlremenLs lf so lL shall reLaln all Lhe fees
and charges lL shall collecL under Lhe same condlLlons lndlcaLed ln
sald SubsecLlon 141 buL shall forLhwlLh cease Lo recelve any
funds from Lhe annual budgeL of Lhe naLlonal CovernmenL lf noL
Lhe provlslons of sald SubsecLlon 141 shall conLlnue Lo apply unLll
such Llme when Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral sub[ecL Lo Lhe approval of
Lhe SecreLary of 1rade and lndusLry cerLlfles LhaL Lhe abovesLaLed
fees and charges Lhe Cfflce shall collecL are enough Lo fund lLs
operaLlons (n)
Sect|on 1S 5peclol 1ecbolcol ooJ 5cleotlflc Asslstooce 1he
ulrecLor Ceneral ls empowered Lo obLaln Lhe asslsLance of
Lechnlcal sclenLlflc or oLher quallfled offlcers and employees of
oLher deparLmenLs bureaus offlces agencles and
lnsLrumenLallLles of Lhe CovernmenL lncludlng corporaLlons
owned conLrolled or operaLed by Lhe CovernmenL when deemed
necessary ln Lhe conslderaLlon of any maLLer submlLLed Lo Lhe
Cfflce relaLlve Lo Lhe enforcemenL of Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL
(Sec 3 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 16 5eol of Offlce 1he Cfflce shall have a seal Lhe form
and deslgn of whlch shall be approved by Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral
(Sec 4 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 17 lbllcotloo of lows ooJ keqlotloos 1he ulrecLor
Ceneral shall cause Lo be prlnLed and make avallable for
dlsLrlbuLlon pamphleL coples of Lhls AcL oLher perLlnenL laws
execuLlve orders and lnformaLlon clrculars relaLlng Lo maLLers
wlLhln Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe Cfflce (Sec 3 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 18 1be lO Cozette All maLLers requlred Lo be publlshed
under Lhls AcL shall be publlshed ln Lhe Cfflces own publlcaLlon Lo
be known as Lhe lC CazeLLe (n)
Sect|on 19 lspollflcotloo of Offlcets ooJ mployees of tbe
Offlce All offlcers and employees of Lhe Cfflce shall noL apply or
acL as an aLLorney or paLenL agenL of an appllcaLlon for a granL of
paLenL for Lhe reglsLraLlon of a uLlllLy model lndusLrlal deslgn or
mark nor acqulre excepL by heredlLary successlon any paLenL or
uLlllLy model deslgn reglsLraLlon or mark or any rlghL LlLle or
lnLeresL Lhereln durlng Lhelr employmenL and for one (1) year
LhereafLer (Sec 77 8A no 163a)
Ak1 II
1nL LAW CN A1LN1S
CnA1Lk I
GLNLkAL kCVISICNS
Sect|on 20 efloltloo of 1etms DseJ lo lott 1be low oo
loteots As used ln arL ll Lhe followlng Lerms shall have Lhe
followlng meanlngs
201 8ureau means Lhe 8ureau of aLenLs
202 ulrecLor means Lhe ulrecLor of aLenLs
203 8egulaLlons means Lhe 8ules of racLlce ln aLenL
Cases formulaLed by Lhe ulrecLor of aLenLs and
promulgaLed by Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral
204 Lxamlner means Lhe paLenL examlner
203 aLenL appllcaLlon or appllcaLlon means an
appllcaLlon for a paLenL for an lnvenLlon excepL ln
ChapLers xll and xlll where appllcaLlon means an
appllcaLlon for a uLlllLy model and an lndusLrlal deslgn
respecLlvely and
206 rlorlLy daLe means Lhe daLe of flllng of Lhe
forelgn appllcaLlon for Lhe same lnvenLlon referred Lo ln
SecLlon 31 of Lhls AcL (n)
CnA1Lk II
A1LN1A8ILI1
Sect|on 21 loteotoble oveotloos Any Lechnlcal soluLlon of a
problem ln any fleld of human acLlvlLy whlch ls new lnvolves an
lnvenLlve sLep and ls lndusLrlally appllcable shall be aLenLable lL
may be or may relaLe Lo a producL or process or an
lmprovemenL of any of Lhe foregolng (Sec 7 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 22 -ooloteotoble oveotloos 1he followlng shall be
excluded from paLenL proLecLlon
221 ulscoverles sclenLlflc Lheorles and maLhemaLlcal meLhods
222 Schemes rules and meLhods of performlng menLal acLs
playlng games or dolng buslness and programs for compuLers
223 MeLhods for LreaLmenL of Lhe human or anlmal body by
surgery or Lherapy and dlagnosLlc meLhods pracLlced on Lhe
human or anlmal body 1hls provlslon shall noL apply Lo producLs
and composlLlon for use ln any of Lhese meLhods
224 lanL varleLles or anlmal breeds or essenLlally blologlcal
process for Lhe producLlon of planLs or anlmals 1hls provlslon
shall noL apply Lo mlcroorganlsms and nonblologlcal and
mlcroblologlcal processes
rovlslons under Lhls subsecLlon shall noL preclude Congress Lo
conslder Lhe enacLmenL of a law provldlng sul generls proLecLlon
of planL varleLles and anlmal breeds and a sysLem of communlLy
lnLellecLual rlghLs proLecLlon
223 AesLheLlc creaLlons and
226 AnyLhlng whlch ls conLrary Lo publlc order or morallLy (Sec
8 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 23 -ovelty An lnvenLlon shall noL be consldered new lf
lL forms parL of a prlor arL (Sec 9 8A no 163a)

Sect|on 24 ltlot Att rlor arL shall conslsL of
241 LveryLhlng whlch has been made avallable Lo Lhe publlc
anywhere ln Lhe world before Lhe flllng daLe or Lhe prlorlLy daLe
of Lhe appllcaLlon clalmlng Lhe lnvenLlon and
242 1he whole conLenLs of an appllcaLlon for a paLenL uLlllLy
model or lndusLrlal deslgn reglsLraLlon publlshed ln accordance
wlLh Lhls AcL flled or effecLlve ln Lhe hlllpplnes wlLh a flllng or
prlorlLy daLe LhaL ls earller Lhan Lhe flllng or prlorlLy daLe of Lhe
appllcaLlon rovlded 1haL Lhe appllcaLlon whlch has valldly
clalmed Lhe flllng daLe of an earller appllcaLlon under SecLlon 31 of
Lhls AcL shall be prlor arL wlLh effecL as of Lhe flllng daLe of such
earller appllcaLlon rovlded furLher 1haL Lhe appllcanL or Lhe
lnvenLor ldenLlfled ln boLh appllcaLlons are noL one and Lhe same
(Sec 9 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 2S -ooltejJlclol lscloste 231 1he dlsclosure of
lnformaLlon conLalned ln Lhe appllcaLlon durlng Lhe Lwelve (12)
monLhs precedlng Lhe flllng daLe or Lhe prlorlLy daLe of Lhe
appllcaLlon shall noL pre[udlce Lhe appllcanL on Lhe ground of lack
of novelLy lf such dlsclosure was made by
(a) 1he lnvenLor
(b) A paLenL offlce and Lhe lnformaLlon was conLalned (a)
ln anoLher appllcaLlon flled by Lhe lnvenLor and should
noL have been dlsclosed by Lhe offlce or (b) ln an
appllcaLlon flled wlLhouL Lhe knowledge or consenL of
Lhe lnvenLor by a Lhlrd parLy whlch obLalned Lhe
lnformaLlon dlrecLly or lndlrecLly from Lhe lnvenLor or
(c) A Lhlrd parLy whlch obLalned Lhe lnformaLlon dlrecLly
or lndlrecLly from Lhe lnvenLor
232 lor Lhe purposes of SubsecLlon 231 lnvenLor also means
any person who aL Lhe flllng daLe of appllcaLlon had Lhe rlghL Lo
Lhe paLenL (n)
Sect|on 26 oveotlve 5tep An lnvenLlon lnvolves an lnvenLlve
sLep lf havlng regard Lo prlor arL lL ls noL obvlous Lo a person
skllled ln Lhe arL aL Lhe Llme of Lhe flllng daLe or prlorlLy daLe of Lhe
appllcaLlon clalmlng Lhe lnvenLlon (n)
Sect|on 27 oJsttlol Appllcoblllty An lnvenLlon LhaL can be
produced and used ln any lndusLry shall be lndusLrlally appllcable
(n)
CnA1Lk III
kIGn1 1C A A1LN1
Sect|on 28 klqbt to o loteot 1he rlghL Lo a paLenL belongs Lo Lhe
lnvenLor hls helrs or asslgns When Lwo (2) or more persons have
[olnLly made an lnvenLlon Lhe rlghL Lo a paLenL shall belong Lo
Lhem [olnLly (Sec 10 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 29 ltst to lle kle lf Lwo (2) or more persons have
made Lhe lnvenLlon separaLely and lndependenLly of each oLher
Lhe rlghL Lo Lhe paLenL shall belong Lo Lhe person who flled an
appllcaLlon for such lnvenLlon or where Lwo or more appllcaLlons
are flled for Lhe same lnvenLlon Lo Lhe appllcanL who has Lhe
earllesL flllng daLe or Lhe earllesL prlorlLy daLe (3rd senLence Sec
10 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 30 oveotloos cteoteJ ltsoot to o commlssloo 301
1he person who commlsslons Lhe work shall own Lhe paLenL
unless oLherwlse provlded ln Lhe conLracL
302 ln case Lhe employee made Lhe lnvenLlon ln Lhe course of hls
employmenL conLracL Lhe paLenL shall belong Lo
(a) 1he employee lf Lhe lnvenLlve acLlvlLy ls noL a parL of
hls regular duLles even lf Lhe employee uses Lhe Llme
faclllLles and maLerlals of Lhe employer
(b) 1he employer lf Lhe lnvenLlon ls Lhe resulL of Lhe
performance of hls regularlyasslgned duLles unless
Lhere ls an agreemenL express or lmplled Lo Lhe
conLrary (n)
Sect|on 31 klqbt of ltlotlty An appllcaLlon for paLenL flled by
any person who has prevlously applled for Lhe same lnvenLlon ln
anoLher counLry whlch by LreaLy convenLlon or law affords
slmllar prlvlleges Lo llllplno clLlzens shall be consldered as flled as
of Lhe daLe of flllng Lhe forelgn appllcaLlon rovlded 1haL (a) Lhe
local appllcaLlon expressly clalms prlorlLy (b) lL ls flled wlLhln
Lwelve (12) monLhs from Lhe daLe Lhe earllesL forelgn appllcaLlon
was flled and (c) a cerLlfled copy of Lhe forelgn appllcaLlon
LogeLher wlLh an Lngllsh LranslaLlon ls flled wlLhln slx (6) monLhs
from Lhe daLe of flllng ln Lhe hlllpplnes (Sec 13 8A no 163a)
CnA1Lk IV
A1LN1 ALICA1ICN
Sect|on 32 1be Appllcotloo 321 1he paLenL appllcaLlon shall be
ln llllplno or Lngllsh and shall conLaln Lhe followlng
(a) A requesL for Lhe granL of a paLenL
(b) A descrlpLlon of Lhe lnvenLlon
(c) urawlngs necessary for Lhe undersLandlng of Lhe
lnvenLlon
(d) Cne or more clalms and
(e) An absLracL
322 no paLenL may be granLed unless Lhe appllcaLlon ldenLlfles
Lhe lnvenLor lf Lhe appllcanL ls noL Lhe lnvenLor Lhe Cfflce may
requlre hlm Lo submlL sald auLhorlLy (Sec 13 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 33 Appolotmeot of Aqeot ot kepteseototlve An
appllcanL who ls noL a resldenL of Lhe hlllpplnes musL appolnL and
malnLaln a resldenL agenL or represenLaLlve ln Lhe hlllpplnes
upon whom noLlce or process for [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve

procedure relaLlng Lo Lhe appllcaLlon for paLenL or Lhe paLenL may
be served (Sec 11 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 34 1be kepest 1he requesL shall conLaln a peLlLlon for
Lhe granL of Lhe paLenL Lhe name and oLher daLa of Lhe appllcanL
Lhe lnvenLor and Lhe agenL and Lhe LlLle of Lhe lnvenLlon (n)
Sect|on 3S lscloste ooJ esctlptloo of tbe oveotloo 331
ulsclosure 1he appllcaLlon shall dlsclose Lhe lnvenLlon ln a
manner sufflclenLly clear and compleLe for lL Lo be carrled ouL by a
person skllled ln Lhe arL Where Lhe appllcaLlon concerns a
mlcroblologlcal process or Lhe producL Lhereof and lnvolves Lhe
use of a mlcroorganlsm whlch cannoL be sufflclenLly dlsclosed ln
Lhe appllcaLlon ln such a way as Lo enable Lhe lnvenLlon Lo be
carrled ouL by a person skllled ln Lhe arL and such maLerlal ls noL
avallable Lo Lhe publlc Lhe appllcaLlon shall be supplemenLed by a
deposlL of such maLerlal wlLh an lnLernaLlonal deposlLory
lnsLlLuLlon
332 uescrlpLlon 1he 8egulaLlons shall prescrlbe Lhe conLenLs of
Lhe descrlpLlon and Lhe order of presenLaLlon (Sec 14 8A no
163a)
Sect|on 36 1be clolms 361 1he appllcaLlon shall conLaln one (1)
or more clalms whlch shall deflne Lhe maLLer for whlch proLecLlon
ls soughL Lach clalm shall be clear and conclse and shall be
supporLed by Lhe descrlpLlon
362 1he 8egulaLlons shall prescrlbe Lhe manner of Lhe
presenLaLlon of clalms (n)
Sect|on 37 1be Absttoct 1he absLracL shall conslsL of a conclse
summary of Lhe dlsclosure of Lhe lnvenLlon as conLalned ln Lhe
descrlpLlon clalms and drawlngs ln preferably noL more Lhan one
hundred flfLy (130) words lL musL be drafLed ln a way whlch
allows Lhe clear undersLandlng of Lhe Lechnlcal problem Lhe glsL
of Lhe soluLlon of LhaL problem Lhrough Lhe lnvenLlon and Lhe
prlnclpal use or uses of Lhe lnvenLlon 1he absLracL shall merely
serve for Lechnlcal lnformaLlon (n)
Sect|on 38 Dolty of oveotloo 381 1he appllcaLlon shall relaLe
Lo one lnvenLlon only or Lo a group of lnvenLlons formlng a slngle
general lnvenLlve concepL
382 lf several lndependenL lnvenLlons whlch do noL form a slngle
general lnvenLlve concepL are clalmed ln one appllcaLlon Lhe
ulrecLor may requlre LhaL Lhe appllcaLlon be resLrlcLed Lo a slngle
lnvenLlon A laLer appllcaLlon flled for an lnvenLlon dlvlded ouL
shall be consldered as havlng been flled on Lhe same day as Lhe
flrsL appllcaLlon rovlded 1haL Lhe laLer appllcaLlon ls flled wlLhln
four (4) monLhs afLer Lhe requlremenL Lo dlvlde becomes flnal or
wlLhln such addlLlonal Llme noL exceedlng four (4) monLhs as may
be granLed rovlded furLher 1haL each dlvlslonal appllcaLlon shall
noL go beyond Lhe dlsclosure ln Lhe lnlLlal appllcaLlon
383 1he facL LhaL a paLenL has been granLed on an appllcaLlon
LhaL dld noL comply wlLh Lhe requlremenL of unlLy of lnvenLlon
shall noL be a ground Lo cancel Lhe paLenL (Sec 17 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 39 ofotmotloo coocetoloq cottespooJloq otelqo
Appllcotloo fot loteots 1he appllcanL shall aL Lhe requesL of Lhe
ulrecLor furnlsh hlm wlLh Lhe daLe and number of any appllcaLlon
for a paLenL flled by hlm abroad hereafLer referred Lo as Lhe
forelgn appllcaLlon relaLlng Lo Lhe same or essenLlally Lhe same
lnvenLlon as LhaL clalmed ln Lhe appllcaLlon flled wlLh Lhe Cfflce
and oLher documenLs relaLlng Lo Lhe forelgn appllcaLlon (n)
CnA1Lk V
kCCLDUkL ICk GkAN1 CI A1LN1
Sect|on 40 llloq ote kepltemeots 401 1he flllng daLe of a
paLenL appllcaLlon shall be Lhe daLe of recelpL by Lhe Cfflce of aL
leasL Lhe followlng elemenLs
(a) An express or lmpllclL lndlcaLlon LhaL a hlllpplne
paLenL ls soughL
(b) lnformaLlon ldenLlfylng Lhe appllcanL and
(c) uescrlpLlon of Lhe lnvenLlon and one (1) or more
clalms ln llllplno or Lngllsh
402 lf any of Lhese elemenLs ls noL submlLLed wlLhln Lhe perlod
seL by Lhe 8egulaLlons Lhe appllcaLlon shall be consldered
wlLhdrawn (n)
Sect|on 41 AccotJloq o llloq ote 1he Cfflce shall examlne
wheLher Lhe paLenL appllcaLlon saLlsfles Lhe requlremenLs for Lhe
granL of daLe of flllng as provlded ln SecLlon 40 hereof lf Lhe daLe
of flllng cannoL be accorded Lhe appllcanL shall be glven an
opporLunlLy Lo correcL Lhe deflclencles ln accordance wlLh Lhe
lmplemenLlng 8egulaLlons lf Lhe appllcaLlon does noL conLaln all
Lhe elemenLs lndlcaLed ln SecLlon 40 Lhe flllng daLe should be LhaL
daLe when all Lhe elemenLs are recelved lf Lhe deflclencles are noL
remedled wlLhln Lhe prescrlbed Llme llmlL Lhe appllcaLlon shall be
consldered wlLhdrawn (n)
Sect|on 42 otmollty xomlootloo 421 AfLer Lhe paLenL
appllcaLlon has been accorded a flllng daLe and Lhe requlred fees
have been pald on Llme ln accordance wlLh Lhe 8egulaLlons Lhe
appllcanL shall comply wlLh Lhe formal requlremenLs speclfled by
SecLlon 32 and Lhe 8egulaLlons wlLhln Lhe prescrlbed perlod
oLherwlse Lhe appllcaLlon shall be consldered wlLhdrawn
422 1he 8egulaLlons shall deLermlne Lhe procedure for Lhe re
examlnaLlon and revlval of an appllcaLlon as well as Lhe appeal Lo
Lhe ulrecLor of aLenLs from any flnal acLlon by Lhe examlner (Sec
16 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 43 closslflcotloo ooJ 5eotcb An appllcaLlon LhaL has
complled wlLh Lhe formal requlremenLs shall be classlfled and a
search conducLed Lo deLermlne Lhe prlor arL (n)
Sect|on 44 lbllcotloo of loteot Appllcotloo 441 1he paLenL
appllcaLlon shall be publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe LogeLher wlLh a
search documenL esLabllshed by or on behalf of Lhe Cfflce clLlng
any documenLs LhaL reflecL prlor arL afLer Lhe explraLlon of

elghLeen ( 18) monLhs from Lhe flllng daLe or prlorlLy daLe
442 AfLer publlcaLlon of a paLenL appllcaLlon any lnLeresLed
parLy may lnspecL Lhe appllcaLlon documenLs flled wlLh Lhe Cfflce
443 1he ulrecLor Ceneral sub[ecL Lo Lhe approval of Lhe SecreLary
of 1rade and lndusLry may prohlblL or resLrlcL Lhe publlcaLlon of
an appllcaLlon lf ln hls oplnlon Lo do so would be pre[udlclal Lo
Lhe naLlonal securlLy and lnLeresLs of Lhe 8epubllc of Lhe
hlllpplnes (n)
Sect|on 4S cooflJeotlollty 8efote lbllcotloo A paLenL
appllcaLlon whlch has noL yeL been publlshed and all relaLed
documenLs shall noL be made avallable for lnspecLlon wlLhouL Lhe
consenL of Lhe appllcanL (n)
Sect|on 46 klqbts coofetteJ by o loteot Appllcotloo Aftet
lbllcotloo 1he appllcanL shall have all Lhe rlghLs of a paLenLee
under SecLlon 76 agalnsL any person who wlLhouL hls
auLhorlzaLlon exerclsed any of Lhe rlghLs conferred under SecLlon
71 of Lhls AcL ln relaLlon Lo Lhe lnvenLlon clalmed ln Lhe publlshed
paLenL appllcaLlon as lf a paLenL had been granLed for LhaL
lnvenLlon rovlded 1haL Lhe sald person had
461 AcLual knowledge LhaL Lhe lnvenLlon LhaL he was uslng was
Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of a publlshed appllcaLlon or
462 8ecelved wrlLLen noLlce LhaL Lhe lnvenLlon LhaL he was uslng
was Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of a publlshed appllcaLlon belng ldenLlfled
ln Lhe sald noLlce by lLs serlal number rovlded 1haL Lhe acLlon
may noL be flled unLll afLer Lhe granL of a paLenL on Lhe publlshed
appllcaLlon and wlLhln four (4) years from Lhe commlsslon of Lhe
acLs complalned of (n)
Sect|on 47 Obsetvotloo by 1bltJ lottles lollowlng Lhe
publlcaLlon of Lhe paLenL appllcaLlon any person may presenL
observaLlons ln wrlLlng concernlng Lhe paLenLablllLy of Lhe
lnvenLlon Such observaLlons shall be communlcaLed Lo Lhe
appllcanL who may commenL on Lhem 1he Cfflce shall
acknowledge and puL such observaLlons and commenL ln Lhe flle
of Lhe appllcaLlon Lo whlch lL relaLes (n)
Sect|on 48 kepest fot 5bstootlve xomlootloo 481 1he
appllcaLlon shall be deemed wlLhdrawn unless wlLhln slx (6)
monLhs from Lhe daLe of publlcaLlon under SecLlon 41 a wrlLLen
requesL Lo deLermlne wheLher a paLenL appllcaLlon meeLs Lhe
requlremenLs of SecLlons 21 Lo 27 and SecLlons 32 Lo 39 and Lhe
fees have been pald on Llme
482 WlLhdrawal of Lhe requesL for examlnaLlon shall be
lrrevocable and shall noL auLhorlze Lhe refund of any fee (n)
Sect|on 49 AmeoJmeot of Appllcotloo An appllcanL may amend
Lhe paLenL appllcaLlon durlng examlnaLlon rovlded 1haL such
amendmenL shall noL lnclude new maLLer ouLslde Lhe scope of Lhe
dlsclosure conLalned ln Lhe appllcaLlon as flled (n)
Sect|on S0 Ctoot of loteot 301 lf Lhe appllcaLlon meeLs Lhe
requlremenLs of Lhls AcL Lhe Cfflce shall granL Lhe paLenL
rovlded 1haL all Lhe fees are pald on Llme
302 lf Lhe requlred fees for granL and prlnLlng are noL pald ln due
Llme Lhe appllcaLlon shall be deemed Lo be wlLhdrawn
303 A paLenL shall Lake effecL on Lhe daLe of Lhe publlcaLlon of
Lhe granL of Lhe paLenL ln Lhe lC CazeLLe (Sec 18 8A no 163a)
Sect|on S1 kefsol of tbe Appllcotloo 311 1he flnal order of
refusal of Lhe examlner Lo granL Lhe paLenL shall be appealable Lo
Lhe ulrecLor ln accordance wlLh Lhls AcL
312 1he 8egulaLlons shall provlde for Lhe procedure by whlch an
appeal from Lhe order of refusal from Lhe ulrecLor shall be
underLaken (n)
Sect|on S2 lbllcotloo Dpoo Ctoot of loteot 321 1he granL of
Lhe paLenL LogeLher wlLh oLher relaLed lnformaLlon shall be
publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe wlLhln Lhe Llme prescrlbed by Lhe
8egulaLlons
322 Any lnLeresLed parLy may lnspecL Lhe compleLe descrlpLlon
clalms and drawlngs of Lhe paLenL on flle wlLh Lhe Cfflce (Sec 18
8A no 163a)
Sect|on S3 cooteots of loteot 1he paLenL shall be lssued ln Lhe
name of Lhe 8epubllc of Lhe hlllpplnes under Lhe seal of Lhe
Cfflce and shall be slgned by Lhe ulrecLor and reglsLered LogeLher
wlLh Lhe descrlpLlon clalms and drawlngs lf any ln books and
records of Lhe Cfflce (Secs 19 and 20 8A no 163a)
Sect|on S4 1etm of loteot 1he Lerm of a paLenL shall be LwenLy
(20) years from Lhe flllng daLe of Lhe appllcaLlon (Sec 21 8A no
163a)
Sect|on SS Aoool ees 331 1o malnLaln Lhe paLenL appllcaLlon
or paLenL an annual fee shall be pald upon Lhe explraLlon of four
(4) years from Lhe daLe Lhe appllcaLlon was publlshed pursuanL Lo
SecLlon 44 hereof and on each subsequenL annlversary of such
daLe aymenL may be made wlLhln Lhree (3) monLhs before Lhe
due daLe 1he obllgaLlon Lo pay Lhe annual fees shall LermlnaLe
should Lhe appllcaLlon be wlLhdrawn refused or cancelled
332 lf Lhe annual fee ls noL pald Lhe paLenL appllcaLlon shall be
deemed wlLhdrawn or Lhe paLenL consldered as lapsed from Lhe
day followlng Lhe explraLlon of Lhe perlod wlLhln whlch Lhe annual
fees were due A noLlce LhaL Lhe appllcaLlon ls deemed wlLhdrawn
or Lhe lapse of a paLenL for nonpaymenL of any annual fee shall
be publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe and Lhe lapse shall be recorded ln
Lhe 8eglsLer of Lhe Cfflce
333 A grace perlod of slx (6) monLhs shall be granLed for Lhe
paymenL of Lhe annual fee upon paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed
surcharge for delayed paymenL (Sec 22 8A no 163a)
Sect|on S6 5tteoJet of loteot 361 1he owner of Lhe paLenL
wlLh Lhe consenL of all persons havlng granLs or llcenses or oLher

rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL ln and Lo Lhe paLenL and Lhe lnvenLlon
covered Lhereby whlch have been recorded ln Lhe Cfflce may
surrender hls paLenL or any clalm or clalms formlng parL Lhereof Lo
Lhe Cfflce for cancellaLlon
362 A person may glve noLlce Lo Lhe Cfflce of hls opposlLlon Lo
Lhe surrender of a paLenL under Lhls secLlon and lf he does so Lhe
8ureau shall noLlfy Lhe proprleLor of Lhe paLenL and deLermlne Lhe
quesLlon
363 lf Lhe Cfflce ls saLlsfled LhaL Lhe paLenL may properly be
surrendered he may accepL Lhe offer and as from Lhe day when
noLlce of hls accepLance ls publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe Lhe
paLenL shall cease Lo have effecL buL no acLlon for lnfrlngemenL
shall lle and no rlghL compensaLlon shall accrue for any use of Lhe
paLenLed lnvenLlon before LhaL day for Lhe servlces of Lhe
governmenL (Sec 24 8A no 163a)
Sect|on S7 cottectloo of Mlstokes of tbe Offlce 1he ulrecLor
shall have Lhe power Lo correcL wlLhouL fee any mlsLake ln a
paLenL lncurred Lhrough Lhe faulL of Lhe Cfflce when clearly
dlsclosed ln Lhe records Lhereof Lo make Lhe paLenL conform Lo
Lhe records (Sec 23 8A no 163)
Sect|on S8 cottectloo of Mlstoke lo tbe Appllcotloo Cn requesL
of any lnLeresLed person and paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee Lhe
ulrecLor ls auLhorlzed Lo correcL any mlsLake ln a paLenL of a
formal and clerlcal naLure noL lncurred Lhrough Lhe faulL of Lhe
Cfflce (Sec 26 8A no 163a)
Sect|on S9 cbooqes lo loteots 391 1he owner of a paLenL shall
have Lhe rlghL Lo requesL Lhe 8ureau Lo make Lhe changes ln Lhe
paLenL ln order Lo
(a) LlmlL Lhe exLenL of Lhe proLecLlon conferred by lL
(b) CorrecL obvlous mlsLakes or Lo correcL clerlcal errors
and
(c) CorrecL mlsLakes or errors oLher Lhan Lhose referred
Lo ln leLLer (b) made ln good falLh rovlded 1haL where
Lhe change would resulL ln a broadenlng of Lhe exLenL of
proLecLlon conferred by Lhe paLenL no requesL may be
made afLer Lhe explraLlon of Lwo (2) years from Lhe
granL of a paLenL and Lhe change shall noL affecL Lhe
rlghLs of any Lhlrd parLy whlch has relled on Lhe paLenL
as publlshed
392 no change ln Lhe paLenL shall be permlLLed under Lhls
secLlon where Lhe change would resulL ln Lhe dlsclosure conLalned
ln Lhe paLenL golng beyond Lhe dlsclosure conLalned ln Lhe
appllcaLlon flled
393 lf and Lo Lhe exLenL Lo whlch Lhe Cfflce changes Lhe paLenL
accordlng Lo Lhls secLlon lL shall publlsh Lhe same (n)
Sect|on 60 otm ooJ lbllcotloo of AmeoJmeot An amendmenL
or correcLlon of a paLenL shall be accompllshed by a cerLlflcaLe of
such amendmenL or correcLlon auLhenLlcaLed by Lhe seal of Lhe
Cfflce and slgned by Lhe ulrecLor whlch cerLlflcaLe shall be
aLLached Lo Lhe paLenL noLlce of such amendmenL or correcLlon
shall be publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe and coples of Lhe paLenL kepL
or furnlshed by Lhe Cfflce shall lnclude a copy of Lhe cerLlflcaLe of
amendmenL or correcLlon (Sec 27 8A no 163)
CnA1Lk VI
CANCLLLA1ICN CI A1LN1S AND SU8S1I1U1ICN CI A1LN1LL
Sect|on 61 coocellotloo of loteots 611 Any lnLeresLed person
may upon paymenL of Lhe requlred fee peLlLlon Lo cancel Lhe
paLenL or any clalm Lhereof or parLs of Lhe clalm on any of Lhe
followlng grounds
(a) 1haL whaL ls clalmed as Lhe lnvenLlon ls noL new or
aLenLable
(b) 1haL Lhe paLenL does noL dlsclose Lhe lnvenLlon ln a
manner sufflclenLly clear and compleLe for lL Lo be
carrled ouL by any person skllled ln Lhe arL or
(c) 1haL Lhe paLenL ls conLrary Lo publlc order or
morallLy
612 Where Lhe grounds for cancellaLlon relaLe Lo some of Lhe
clalms or parLs of Lhe clalm cancellaLlon may be effecLed Lo such
exLenL only (Secs 28 and 29 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 62 kepltemeot of tbe letltloo 1he peLlLlon for
cancellaLlon shall be ln wrlLlng verlfled by Lhe peLlLloner or by any
person ln hls behalf who knows Lhe facLs speclfy Lhe grounds
upon whlch lL ls based lnclude a sLaLemenL of Lhe facLs Lo be
relled upon and flled wlLh Lhe Cfflce Coples of prlnLed
publlcaLlons or of paLenLs of oLher counLrles and oLher supporLlng
documenLs menLloned ln Lhe peLlLlon shall be aLLached LhereLo
LogeLher wlLh Lhe LranslaLlon Lhereof ln Lngllsh lf noL ln Lhe
Lngllsh language (Sec 30 8A no 163)
Sect|on 63 -otlce of neotloq upon flllng of a peLlLlon for
cancellaLlon Lhe ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs shall forLhwlLh serve
noLlce of Lhe flllng Lhereof upon Lhe paLenLee and all persons
havlng granLs or llcenses or any oLher rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL ln and
Lo Lhe paLenL and Lhe lnvenLlon covered Lhereby as appears of
record ln Lhe Cfflce and of noLlce of Lhe daLe of hearlng Lhereon
on such persons and Lhe peLlLloner noLlce of Lhe flllng of Lhe
peLlLlon shall be publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe (Sec 31 8A no
163a)
Sect|on 64 commlttee of 1btee ln cases lnvolvlng hlghly
Lechnlcal lssues on moLlon of any parLy Lhe ulrecLor of Legal
Affalrs may order LhaL Lhe peLlLlon be heard and declded by a
commlLLee composed of Lhe ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs as chalrman
and Lwo (2) members who have Lhe experlence or experLlse ln Lhe
fleld of Lechnology Lo whlch Lhe paLenL soughL Lo be cancelled
relaLes 1he declslon of Lhe commlLLee shall be appealable Lo Lhe
ulrecLor Ceneral (n)
Sect|on 6S coocellotloo of tbe loteot 631 lf Lhe CommlLLee

flnds LhaL a case for cancellaLlon has been proved lL shall order
Lhe paLenL or any speclfled clalm or clalms Lhereof cancelled
632 lf Lhe CommlLLee flnds LhaL Laklng lnLo conslderaLlon Lhe
amendmenL made by Lhe paLenLee durlng Lhe cancellaLlon
proceedlngs Lhe paLenL and Lhe lnvenLlon Lo whlch lL relaLes meeL
Lhe requlremenL of Lhls AcL lL may declde Lo malnLaln Lhe paLenL
as amended rovlded 1haL Lhe fee for prlnLlng of a new paLenL ls
pald wlLhln Lhe Llme llmlL prescrlbed ln Lhe 8egulaLlons
633 lf Lhe fee for Lhe prlnLlng of a new paLenL ls noL pald ln due
Llme Lhe paLenL should be revoked
634 lf Lhe paLenL ls amended under SubsecLlon 632 hereof Lhe
8ureau shall aL Lhe same Llme as lL publlshes Lhe menLlon of Lhe
cancellaLlon declslon publlsh Lhe absLracL represenLaLlve clalms
and drawlngs lndlcaLlng clearly whaL Lhe amendmenLs conslsL of
(n)
Sect|on 66 ffect of coocellotloo of loteot ot clolm 1he rlghLs
conferred by Lhe paLenL or any speclfled clalm or clalms cancelled
shall LermlnaLe noLlce of Lhe cancellaLlon shall be publlshed ln Lhe
lC CazeLLe unless resLralned by Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral Lhe
declslon or order Lo cancel by ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs shall be
lmmedlaLely execuLory even pendlng appeal (Sec 32 8A no
163a)
CnA1Lk VII
kLMLDILS CI A LkSCN WI1n A kIGn1 1C A A1LN1
Sect|on 67 loteot Appllcotloo by letsoos -ot novloq tbe klqbt to
o loteot 671 lf a person referred Lo ln SecLlon 29 oLher Lhan
Lhe appllcanL ls declared by flnal courL order or declslon as havlng
Lhe rlghL Lo Lhe paLenL such person may wlLhln Lhree (3) monLhs
afLer Lhe declslon has become flnal
(a) rosecuLe Lhe appllcaLlon as hls own appllcaLlon ln
place of Lhe appllcanL
(b) llle a new paLenL appllcaLlon ln respecL of Lhe same
lnvenLlon
(c) 8equesL LhaL Lhe appllcaLlon be refused or
(d) Seek cancellaLlon of Lhe paLenL lf one has already
been lssued
672 1he provlslons of SubsecLlon 382 shall apply muLaLls
muLandls Lo a new appllcaLlon flled under SubsecLlon 67 1(b) (n)
Sect|on 68 kemeJles of tbe 1te ooJ Actol oveotot lf a person
who was deprlved of Lhe paLenL wlLhouL hls consenL or Lhrough
fraud ls declared by flnal courL order or declslon Lo be Lhe Lrue and
acLual lnvenLor Lhe courL shall order for hls subsLlLuLlon as
paLenLee or aL Lhe opLlon of Lhe Lrue lnvenLor cancel Lhe paLenL
and award acLual and oLher damages ln hls favor lf warranLed by
Lhe clrcumsLances (Sec 33 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 69 lbllcotloo of tbe cott OtJet 1he courL shall furnlsh
Lhe Cfflce a copy of Lhe order or declslon referred Lo ln SecLlons 67
and 68 whlch shall be publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe wlLhln Lhree
(3) monLhs from Lhe daLe such order or declslon became flnal and
execuLory and shall be recorded ln Lhe reglsLer of Lhe Cfflce (n)
Sect|on 70 1lme to lle Actloo lo cott 1he acLlons lndlcaLed ln
SecLlons 67 and 68 shall be flled wlLhln one (1) year from Lhe daLe
of publlcaLlon made ln accordance wlLh SecLlons 44 and 31
respecLlvely (n)
CnA1Lk VIII
kIGn1S CI A1LN1LLS AND INIkINGLMLN1 CI A1LN1S
Sect|on 71 klqbts coofetteJ by loteot 711 A paLenL shall
confer on lLs owner Lhe followlng excluslve rlghLs
(a) Where Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of a paLenL ls a producL Lo
resLraln prohlblL and prevenL any unauLhorlzed person
or enLlLy from maklng uslng offerlng for sale selllng or
lmporLlng LhaL producL
(b) Where Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of a paLenL ls a process Lo
resLraln prevenL or prohlblL any unauLhorlzed person or
enLlLy from uslng Lhe process and from manufacLurlng
deallng ln uslng selllng or offerlng for sale or lmporLlng
any producL obLalned dlrecLly or lndlrecLly from such
process
712 aLenL owners shall also have Lhe rlghL Lo asslgn or Lransfer
by successlon Lhe paLenL and Lo conclude llcenslng conLracLs for
Lhe same (Sec 37 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 72 llmltotloos of loteot klqbts 1he owner of a paLenL
has no rlghL Lo prevenL Lhlrd parLles from performlng wlLhouL hls
auLhorlzaLlon Lhe acLs referred Lo ln SecLlon 71 hereof ln Lhe
followlng clrcumsLances
721 uslng a paLenLed producL whlch has been puL on Lhe markeL
ln Lhe hlllpplnes by Lhe owner of Lhe producL or wlLh hls express
consenL lnsofar as such use ls performed afLer LhaL producL has
been so puL on Lhe sald markeL
722 Where Lhe acL ls done prlvaLely and on a noncommerclal
scale or for a noncommerclal purpose rovlded 1haL lL does noL
slgnlflcanLly pre[udlce Lhe economlc lnLeresLs of Lhe owner of Lhe
paLenL
723 Where Lhe acL conslsLs of maklng or uslng excluslvely for Lhe
purpose of experlmenLs LhaL relaLe Lo Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of Lhe
paLenLed lnvenLlon
724 Where Lhe acL conslsLs of Lhe preparaLlon for lndlvldual
cases ln a pharmacy or by a medlcal professlonal of a medlclne ln
accordance wlLh a medlcal prescrlpLlon or acLs concernlng Lhe
medlclne so prepared
723 Where Lhe lnvenLlon ls used ln any shlp vessel alrcrafL or

land vehlcle of any oLher counLry enLerlng Lhe LerrlLory of Lhe
hlllpplnes Lemporarlly or accldenLally rovlded 1haL such
lnvenLlon ls used excluslvely for Lhe needs of Lhe shlp vessel
alrcrafL or land vehlcle and noL used for Lhe manufacLurlng of
anyLhlng Lo be sold wlLhln Lhe hlllpplnes (Secs 38 and 39 8A
no 163a)
Sect|on 73 ltlot Dset 731 noLwlLhsLandlng SecLlon 72 hereof
any prlor user who ln good falLh was uslng Lhe lnvenLlon or has
underLaken serlous preparaLlons Lo use Lhe lnvenLlon ln hls
enLerprlse or buslness before Lhe flllng daLe or prlorlLy daLe of Lhe
appllcaLlon on whlch a paLenL ls granLed shall have Lhe rlghL Lo
conLlnue Lhe use Lhereof as envlsaged ln such preparaLlons wlLhln
Lhe LerrlLory where Lhe paLenL produces lLs effecL
732 1he rlghL of Lhe prlor user may only be Lransferred or
asslgned LogeLher wlLh hls enLerprlse or buslness or wlLh LhaL parL
of hls enLerprlse or buslness ln whlch Lhe use or preparaLlons for
use have been made (Sec 40 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 74 Dse of oveotloo by Covetomeot 741 A CovernmenL
agency or Lhlrd person auLhorlzed by Lhe CovernmenL may explolL
Lhe lnvenLlon even wlLhouL agreemenL of Lhe paLenL owner
where
(a) 1he publlc lnLeresL ln parLlcular naLlonal securlLy
nuLrlLlon healLh or Lhe developmenL of oLher secLors as
deLermlned by Lhe approprlaLe agency of Lhe
governmenL so requlres or
(b) A [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve body has deLermlned LhaL
Lhe manner of explolLaLlon by Lhe owner of Lhe paLenL
or hls llcensee ls anLlcompeLlLlve
742 1he use by Lhe CovernmenL or Lhlrd person auLhorlzed by
Lhe CovernmenL shall be sub[ecL muLaLls muLandls Lo Lhe
condlLlons seL forLh ln SecLlons 93 Lo 97 and 100 Lo 102 (Sec 41
8A no 163a)
Sect|on 7S xteot of ltotectloo ooJ otetptetotloo of clolms
731 1he exLenL of proLecLlon conferred by Lhe paLenL shall be
deLermlned by Lhe clalms whlch are Lo be lnLerpreLed ln Lhe llghL
of Lhe descrlpLlon and drawlngs
732 lor Lhe purpose of deLermlnlng Lhe exLenL of proLecLlon
conferred by Lhe paLenL due accounL shall be Laken of elemenLs
whlch are equlvalenL Lo Lhe elemenLs expressed ln Lhe clalms so
LhaL a clalm shall be consldered Lo cover noL only all Lhe elemenLs
as expressed Lhereln buL also equlvalenLs (n)
Sect|on 76 clvll Actloo fot oftloqemeot 761 1he maklng uslng
offerlng for sale selllng or lmporLlng a paLenLed producL or a
producL obLalned dlrecLly or lndlrecLly from a paLenLed process or
Lhe use of a paLenLed process wlLhouL Lhe auLhorlzaLlon of Lhe
paLenLee consLlLuLes paLenL lnfrlngemenL
762 Any paLenLee or anyone possesslng any rlghL LlLle or
lnLeresL ln and Lo Lhe paLenLed lnvenLlon whose rlghLs have been
lnfrlnged may brlng a clvll acLlon before a courL of compeLenL
[urlsdlcLlon Lo recover from Lhe lnfrlnger such damages susLalned
Lhereby plus aLLorneys fees and oLher expenses of llLlgaLlon and
Lo secure an ln[uncLlon for Lhe proLecLlon of hls rlghLs
763 lf Lhe damages are lnadequaLe or cannoL be readlly
ascerLalned wlLh reasonable cerLalnLy Lhe courL may award by
way of damages a sum equlvalenL Lo reasonable royalLy
764 1he courL may accordlng Lo Lhe clrcumsLances of Lhe case
award damages ln a sum above Lhe amounL found as acLual
damages susLalned rovlded 1haL Lhe award does noL exceed
Lhree (3) Llmes Lhe amounL of such acLual damages
763 1he courL may ln lLs dlscreLlon order LhaL Lhe lnfrlnglng
goods maLerlals and lmplemenLs predomlnanLly used ln Lhe
lnfrlngemenL be dlsposed of ouLslde Lhe channels of commerce or
desLroyed wlLhouL compensaLlon
766 Anyone who acLlvely lnduces Lhe lnfrlngemenL of a paLenL or
provldes Lhe lnfrlnger wlLh a componenL of a paLenLed producL or
of a producL produced because of a paLenLed process knowlng lL
Lo be especlally adopLed for lnfrlnglng Lhe paLenLed lnvenLlon and
noL sulLable for subsLanLlal nonlnfrlnglng use shall be llable as a
conLrlbuLory lnfrlnger and shall be [olnLly and severally llable wlLh
Lhe lnfrlnger (Sec 42 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 77 oftloqemeot Actloo by o otelqo -otloool Any
forelgn naLlonal or [urldlcal enLlLy who meeLs Lhe requlremenLs of
SecLlon 3 and noL engaged ln buslness ln Lhe hlllpplnes Lo whlch
a paLenL has been granLed or asslgned under Lhls AcL may brlng
an acLlon for lnfrlngemenL of paLenL wheLher or noL lL ls llcensed
Lo do buslness ln Lhe hlllpplnes under exlsLlng law (Sec 41A
8A no 163a)
Sect|on 78 ltocess loteots 8tJeo of ltoof lf Lhe sub[ecL
maLLer of a paLenL ls a process for obLalnlng a producL any
ldenLlcal producL shall be presumed Lo have been obLalned
Lhrough Lhe use of Lhe paLenLed process lf Lhe producL ls new or
Lhere ls subsLanLlal llkellhood LhaL Lhe ldenLlcal producL was made
by Lhe process and Lhe owner of Lhe paLenL has been unable
desplLe reasonable efforLs Lo deLermlne Lhe process acLually used
ln orderlng Lhe defendanL Lo prove LhaL Lhe process Lo obLaln Lhe
ldenLlcal producL ls dlfferenL from Lhe paLenLed process Lhe courL
shall adopL measures Lo proLecL as far as pracLlcable hls
manufacLurlng and buslness secreLs (n)
Sect|on 79 llmltotloo of Actloo fot omoqes no damages can be
recovered for acLs of lnfrlngemenL commlLLed more Lhan four (4)
years before Lhe lnsLlLuLlon of Lhe acLlon for lnfrlngemenL (Sec
43 8A no 163)
Sect|on 80 omoqes kepltemeot of -otlce uamages cannoL
be recovered for acLs of lnfrlngemenL commlLLed before Lhe
lnfrlnger had known or had reasonable grounds Lo know of Lhe
paLenL lL ls presumed LhaL Lhe lnfrlnger had known of Lhe paLenL lf
on Lhe paLenLed producL or on Lhe conLalner or package ln whlch
Lhe arLlcle ls supplled Lo Lhe publlc or on Lhe adverLlslng maLerlal
relaLlng Lo Lhe paLenLed producL or process are placed Lhe words
hlllpplne aLenL wlLh Lhe number of Lhe paLenL (Sec 44 8A

no 163a)
Sect|on 81 efeoses lo Actloo fot oftloqemeot ln an acLlon for
lnfrlngemenL Lhe defendanL ln addlLlon Lo oLher defenses
avallable Lo hlm may show Lhe lnvalldlLy of Lhe paLenL or any
clalm Lhereof on any of Lhe grounds on whlch a peLlLlon of
cancellaLlon can be broughL under SecLlon 61 hereof (Sec 43 8A
no 163)
Sect|on 82 loteot ooJ ovollJ Moy be coocelleJ ln an acLlon
for lnfrlngemenL lf Lhe courL shall flnd Lhe paLenL or any clalm Lo
be lnvalld lL shall cancel Lhe same and Lhe ulrecLor of Legal
Affalrs upon recelpL of Lhe flnal [udgmenL of cancellaLlon by Lhe
courL shall record LhaL facL ln Lhe reglsLer of Lhe Cfflce and shall
publlsh a noLlce Lo LhaL effecL ln Lhe lC CazeLLe (Sec 46 8A no
163a)
Sect|on 83 Assessot lo oftloqemeot Actloo 831 1wo (2) or
more assessors may be appolnLed by Lhe courL 1he assessors shall
be possessed of Lhe necessary sclenLlflc and Lechnlcal knowledge
requlred by Lhe sub[ecL maLLer ln llLlgaLlon LlLher parLy may
challenge Lhe flLness of any assessor proposed for appolnLmenL
832 Lach assessor shall recelve a compensaLlon ln an amounL Lo
be flxed by Lhe courL and advanced by Lhe complalnlng parLy
whlch shall be awarded as parL of hls cosLs should he prevall ln Lhe
acLlon (Sec 47 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 84 ctlmlool Actloo fot kepetltloo of oftloqemeot lf
lnfrlngemenL ls repeaLed by Lhe lnfrlnger or by anyone ln
connlvance wlLh hlm afLer flnallLy of Lhe [udgmenL of Lhe courL
agalnsL Lhe lnfrlnger Lhe offenders shall wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo Lhe
lnsLlLuLlon of a clvll acLlon for damages be crlmlnally llable
Lherefor and upon convlcLlon shall suffer lmprlsonmenL for Lhe
perlod of noL less Lhan slx (6) monLhs buL noL more Lhan Lhree (3)
years and/or a flne of noL less Lhan Cne hundred Lhousand pesos
(100000) buL noL more Lhan 1hree hundred Lhousand pesos
(300000) aL Lhe dlscreLlon of Lhe courL 1he crlmlnal acLlon
hereln provlded shall prescrlbe ln Lhree (3) years from daLe of Lhe
commlsslon of Lhe crlme (Sec 48 8A no 163a)
CnA1Lk Ik
VCLUN1Ak LICLNSING
Sect|on 8S Iolototy llceose coottoct 1o encourage Lhe
Lransfer and dlssemlnaLlon of Lechnology prevenL or conLrol
pracLlces and condlLlons LhaL may ln parLlcular cases consLlLuLe an
abuse of lnLellecLual properLy rlghLs havlng an adverse effecL on
compeLlLlon and Lrade all Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenLs shall
comply wlLh Lhe provlslons of Lhls ChapLer (n)
Sect|on 86 tlsJlctloo to 5ettle lsptes oo koyoltles 1he
ulrecLor of Lhe uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and 1echnology
1ransfer 8ureau shall exerclse quasl[udlclal [urlsdlcLlon ln Lhe
seLLlemenL of dlspuLes beLween parLles Lo a Lechnology Lransfer
arrangemenL arlslng from Lechnology Lransfer paymenLs lncludlng
Lhe flxlng of approprlaLe amounL or raLe of royalLy (n)
Sect|on 87 ltoblblteJ closes LxcepL ln cases under SecLlon 91
Lhe followlng provlslons shall be deemed prlma facle Lo have an
adverse effecL on compeLlLlon and Lrade
871 1hose whlch lmpose upon Lhe llcensee Lhe obllgaLlon Lo
acqulre from a speclflc source caplLal goods lnLermedlaLe
producLs raw maLerlals and oLher Lechnologles or of
permanenLly employlng personnel lndlcaLed by Lhe llcensor
872 1hose pursuanL Lo whlch Lhe llcensor reserves Lhe rlghL Lo flx
Lhe sale or resale prlces of Lhe producLs manufacLured on Lhe basls
of Lhe llcense
873 1hose LhaL conLaln resLrlcLlons regardlng Lhe volume and
sLrucLure of producLlon
874 1hose LhaL prohlblL Lhe use of compeLlLlve Lechnologles ln a
nonexcluslve Lechnology Lransfer agreemenL
873 1hose LhaL esLabllsh a full or parLlal purchase opLlon ln favor
of Lhe llcensor
876 1hose LhaL obllgaLe Lhe llcensee Lo Lransfer for free Lo Lhe
llcensor Lhe lnvenLlons or lmprovemenLs LhaL may be obLalned
Lhrough Lhe use of Lhe llcensed Lechnology
877 1hose LhaL requlre paymenL of royalLles Lo Lhe owners of
paLenLs for paLenLs whlch are noL used
878 1hose LhaL prohlblL Lhe llcensee Lo exporL Lhe llcensed
producL unless [usLlfled for Lhe proLecLlon of Lhe leglLlmaLe
lnLeresL of Lhe llcensor such as exporLs Lo counLrles where
excluslve llcenses Lo manufacLure and/or dlsLrlbuLe Lhe llcensed
producL(s) have already been granLed
879 1hose whlch resLrlcL Lhe use of Lhe Lechnology supplled afLer
Lhe explraLlon of Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL excepL ln
cases of early LermlnaLlon of Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL
due Lo reason(s) aLLrlbuLable Lo Lhe llcensee
8710 1hose whlch requlre paymenLs for paLenLs and oLher
lndusLrlal properLy rlghLs afLer Lhelr explraLlon LermlnaLlon
arrangemenL
8711 1hose whlch requlre LhaL Lhe Lechnology reclplenL shall noL
conLesL Lhe valldlLy of any of Lhe paLenLs of Lhe Lechnology
suppller
8712 1hose whlch resLrlcL Lhe research and developmenL
acLlvlLles of Lhe llcensee deslgned Lo absorb and adapL Lhe
Lransferred Lechnology Lo local condlLlons or Lo lnlLlaLe research
and developmenL programs ln connecLlon wlLh new producLs
processes or equlpmenL
8713 1hose whlch prevenL Lhe llcensee from adapLlng Lhe
lmporLed Lechnology Lo local condlLlons or lnLroduclng lnnovaLlon
Lo lL as long as lL does noL lmpalr Lhe quallLy sLandards prescrlbed
by Lhe llcensor

8714 1hose whlch exempL Lhe llcensor for llablllLy for non
fulfllmenL of hls responslblllLles under Lhe Lechnology Lransfer
arrangemenL and/or llablllLy arlslng from Lhlrd parLy sulLs broughL
abouL by Lhe use of Lhe llcensed producL or Lhe llcensed
Lechnology and
8713 CLher clauses wlLh equlvalenL effecLs (Sec 33C (2) 8A
163a)
Sect|on 88 MooJototy ltovlsloos 1he followlng provlslons shall
be lncluded ln volunLary llcense conLracLs
881 1haL Lhe laws of Lhe hlllpplnes shall govern Lhe
lnLerpreLaLlon of Lhe same and ln Lhe evenL of llLlgaLlon Lhe venue
shall be Lhe proper courL ln Lhe place where Lhe llcensee has lLs
prlnclpal offlce
882 ConLlnued access Lo lmprovemenLs ln Lechnlques and
processes relaLed Lo Lhe Lechnology shall be made avallable durlng
Lhe perlod of Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL
883 ln Lhe evenL Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL shall
provlde for arblLraLlon Lhe rocedure of ArblLraLlon of Lhe
ArblLraLlon Law of Lhe hlllpplnes or Lhe ArblLraLlon 8ules of Lhe
unlLed naLlons Commlsslon on lnLernaLlonal 1rade Law
(unCl18AL) or Lhe 8ules of ConclllaLlon and ArblLraLlon of Lhe
lnLernaLlonal Chamber of Commerce (lCC) shall apply and Lhe
venue of arblLraLlon shall be Lhe hlllpplnes or any neuLral
counLry and
884 1he hlllpplne Laxes on all paymenLs relaLlng Lo Lhe
Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL shall be borne by Lhe llcensor
(n)
Sect|on 89 klqbts of llceosot ln Lhe absence of any provlslon Lo
Lhe conLrary ln Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL Lhe granL of
a llcense shall noL prevenL Lhe llcensor from granLlng furLher
llcenses Lo Lhlrd person nor from explolLlng Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of
Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL hlmself (Sec 338 8A
163a)
Sect|on 90 klqbts of llceosee 1he llcensee shall be enLlLled Lo
explolL Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL
durlng Lhe whole Lerm of Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL
(Sec 33C (1) 8A 163a)
Sect|on 91 xceptloool coses ln excepLlonal or merlLorlous cases
where subsLanLlal beneflLs wlll accrue Lo Lhe economy such as
hlgh Lechnology conLenL lncrease ln forelgn exchange earnlngs
employmenL generaLlon reglonal dlspersal of lndusLrles and/or
subsLlLuLlon wlLh or use of local raw maLerlals or ln Lhe case of
8oard of lnvesLmenLs reglsLered companles wlLh ploneer sLaLus
exempLlon from any of Lhe above requlremenLs may be allowed by
Lhe uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and 1echnology 1ransfer 8ureau
afLer evaluaLlon Lhereof on a case by case basls (n)
Sect|on 92 -ookeqlsttotloo wltb tbe ocmeototloo ofotmotloo
ooJ 1ecbooloqy 1toosfet 8teo 1echnology Lransfer
arrangemenLs LhaL conform wlLh Lhe provlslons of SecLlons 86 and
87 need noL be reglsLered wlLh Lhe uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon
and 1echnology 1ransfer 8ureau nonconformance wlLh any of
Lhe provlslons of SecLlons 87 and 88 however shall auLomaLlcally
render Lhe Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL unenforceable
unless sald Lechnology Lransfer arrangemenL ls approved and
reglsLered wlLh Lhe uocumenLaLlon lnformaLlon and 1echnology
1ransfer 8ureau under Lhe provlslons of SecLlon 91 on excepLlonal
cases (n)
CnA1Lk k
CCMULSCk LICLNSING
Sect|on 93 CtooJs fot complsoty llceosloq 1he ulrecLor of
Legal Affalrs may granL a llcense Lo explolL a paLenLed lnvenLlon
even wlLhouL Lhe agreemenL of Lhe paLenL owner ln favor of any
person who has shown hls capablllLy Lo explolL Lhe lnvenLlon
under any of Lhe followlng clrcumsLances
931 naLlonal emergency or oLher clrcumsLances of exLreme
urgency
932 Where Lhe publlc lnLeresL ln parLlcular naLlonal securlLy
nuLrlLlon healLh or Lhe developmenL of oLher vlLal secLors of Lhe
naLlonal economy as deLermlned by Lhe approprlaLe agency of Lhe
CovernmenL so requlres or
933 Where a [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve body has deLermlned LhaL
Lhe manner of explolLaLlon by Lhe owner of Lhe paLenL or hls
llcensee ls anLlcompeLlLlve or
934 ln case of publlc noncommerclal use of Lhe paLenL by Lhe
paLenLee wlLhouL saLlsfacLory reason
933 lf Lhe paLenLed lnvenLlon ls noL belng worked ln Lhe
hlllpplnes on a commerclal scale alLhough capable of belng
worked wlLhouL saLlsfacLory reason rovlded 1haL Lhe
lmporLaLlon of Lhe paLenLed arLlcle shall consLlLuLe worklng or
uslng Lhe paLenL (Secs 34 34A 348 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 94 letloJ fot llloq o letltloo fot o complsoty llceose
941 A compulsory llcense may noL be applled for on Lhe ground
sLaLed ln SubsecLlon 933 before Lhe explraLlon of a perlod of four
(4) years from Lhe daLe of flllng of Lhe appllcaLlon or Lhree (3)
years from Lhe daLe of Lhe paLenL whlchever perlod explres lasL
942 A compulsory llcense whlch ls applled for on any of Lhe
grounds sLaLed ln SubsecLlons 932 933 and 934 and SecLlon 97
may be applled for aL any Llme afLer Lhe granL of Lhe paLenL (Sec
34(1) 8A no 163)
Sect|on 9S kepltemeot to Obtolo o llceose oo keosoooble
commetclol 1etms 931 1he llcense wlll only be granLed afLer
Lhe peLlLloner has made efforLs Lo obLaln auLhorlzaLlon from Lhe
paLenL owner on reasonable commerclal Lerms and condlLlons buL
such efforLs have noL been successful wlLhln a reasonable perlod
of Llme
932 1he requlremenL under SubsecLlon 931 shall noL apply ln Lhe

followlng cases
(a) Where Lhe peLlLlon for compulsory llcense seeks Lo
remedy a pracLlce deLermlned afLer [udlclal or
admlnlsLraLlve process Lo be anLlcompeLlLlve
(b) ln slLuaLlons of naLlonal emergency or oLher
clrcumsLances of exLreme urgency
(c) ln cases of publlc noncommerclal use
933 ln slLuaLlons of naLlonal emergency or oLher clrcumsLances
of exLreme urgency Lhe rlghL holder shall be noLlfled as soon as
reasonably pracLlcable
934 ln Lhe case of publlc noncommerclal use where Lhe
governmenL or conLracLor wlLhouL maklng a paLenL search knows
or has demonsLrable grounds Lo know LhaL a valld paLenL ls or wlll
be used by or for Lhe governmenL Lhe rlghL holder shall be
lnformed prompLly (n)
Sect|on 96 complsoty llceosloq of loteots ovolvloq 5eml
cooJctot 1ecbooloqy ln Lhe case of compulsory llcenslng of
paLenLs lnvolvlng semlconducLor Lechnology Lhe llcense may only
be granLed ln case of publlc noncommerclal use or Lo remedy a
pracLlce deLermlned afLer [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve process Lo be
anLlcompeLlLlve (n)
Sect|on 97 complsoty llceose 8oseJ oo otetJepeoJeoce of
loteots lf Lhe lnvenLlon proLecLed by a paLenL hereafLer
referred Lo as Lhe second paLenL wlLhln Lhe counLry cannoL be
worked wlLhouL lnfrlnglng anoLher paLenL hereafLer referred Lo as
Lhe flrsL paLenL granLed on a prlor appllcaLlon or beneflLlng from
an earller prlorlLy a compulsory llcense may be granLed Lo Lhe
owner of Lhe second paLenL Lo Lhe exLenL necessary for Lhe
worklng of hls lnvenLlon sub[ecL Lo Lhe followlng condlLlons
971 1he lnvenLlon clalmed ln Lhe second paLenL lnvolves an
lmporLanL Lechnlcal advance of conslderable economlc
slgnlflcance ln relaLlon Lo Lhe flrsL paLenL
972 1he owner of Lhe flrsL paLenL shall be enLlLled Lo a cross
llcense on reasonable Lerms Lo use Lhe lnvenLlon clalmed ln Lhe
second paLenL
973 1he use auLhorlzed ln respecL of Lhe flrsL paLenL shall be non
asslgnable excepL wlLh Lhe asslgnmenL of Lhe second paLenL and
974 1he Lerms and condlLlons of SecLlons 93 96 and 98 Lo 100 of
Lhls AcL (Sec 34C 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 98 otm ooJ cooteots of letltloo 1he peLlLlon for
compulsory llcenslng musL be ln wrlLlng verlfled by Lhe peLlLloner
and accompanled by paymenL of Lhe requlred flllng fee lL shall
conLaln Lhe name and address of Lhe peLlLloner as well as Lhose of
Lhe respondenLs Lhe number and daLe of lssue of Lhe paLenL ln
connecLlon wlLh whlch compulsory llcense ls soughL Lhe name of
Lhe paLenLee Lhe LlLle of Lhe lnvenLlon Lhe sLaLuLory grounds
upon whlch compulsory llcense ls soughL Lhe ulLlmaLe facLs
consLlLuLlng Lhe peLlLloners cause of acLlon and Lhe rellef prayed
for (Sec 34u 8A no 163)
Sect|on 99 -otlce of neotloq 991 upon flllng of a peLlLlon Lhe
ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs shall forLhwlLh serve noLlce of Lhe flllng
Lhereof upon Lhe paLenL owner and all persons havlng granLs or
llcenses or any oLher rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL ln and Lo Lhe paLenL
and lnvenLlon covered Lhereby as appears of record ln Lhe Cfflce
and of noLlce of Lhe daLe of hearlng Lhereon on such persons and
peLlLloner 1he resldenL agenL or represenLaLlve appolnLed ln
accordance wlLh SecLlon 33 hereof shall be bound Lo accepL
servlce of noLlce of Lhe flllng of Lhe peLlLlon wlLhln Lhe meanlng of
Lhls SecLlon
992 ln every case Lhe noLlce shall be publlshed by Lhe sald Cfflce
ln a newspaper of general clrculaLlon once a week for Lhree (3)
consecuLlve weeks and once ln Lhe lC CazeLLe aL appllcanLs
expense (Sec 34L 8A no 163)
Sect|on 100 1etms ooJ cooJltloos of complsoty llceose 1he
baslc Lerms and condlLlons lncludlng Lhe raLe of royalLles of a
compulsory llcense shall be flxed by Lhe ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs
sub[ecL Lo Lhe followlng condlLlons
1001 1he scope and duraLlon of such llcense shall be llmlLed Lo
Lhe purpose for whlch lL was auLhorlzed
1002 1he llcense shall be nonexcluslve
1003 1he llcense shall be nonasslgnable excepL wlLh LhaL parL of
Lhe enLerprlse or buslness wlLh whlch Lhe lnvenLlon ls belng
explolLed
1004 use of Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of Lhe llcense shall be devoLed
predomlnanLly for Lhe supply of Lhe hlllpplne markeL rovlded
1haL Lhls llmlLaLlon shall noL apply where Lhe granL of Lhe llcense ls
based on Lhe ground LhaL Lhe paLenLees manner of explolLlng Lhe
paLenL ls deLermlned by [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve process Lo be
anLlcompeLlLlve
1003 1he llcense may be LermlnaLed upon proper showlng LhaL
clrcumsLances whlch led Lo lLs granL have ceased Lo exlsL and are
unllkely Lo recur rovlded 1haL adequaLe proLecLlon shall be
afforded Lo Lhe leglLlmaLe lnLeresL of Lhe llcensee and
1006 1he paLenLee shall be pald adequaLe remuneraLlon Laklng
lnLo accounL Lhe economlc value of Lhe granL or auLhorlzaLlon
excepL LhaL ln cases where Lhe llcense was granLed Lo remedy a
pracLlce whlch was deLermlned afLer [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve
process Lo be anLlcompeLlLlve Lhe need Lo correcL Lhe anLl
compeLlLlve pracLlce may be Laken lnLo accounL ln flxlng Lhe
amounL of remuneraLlon (Sec 338 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 101 AmeoJmeot coocellotloo 5tteoJet of complsoty
llceose 1011 upon Lhe requesL of Lhe paLenLee or Lhe llcensee
Lhe ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs may amend Lhe declslon granLlng Lhe
compulsory llcense upon proper showlng of new facLs or

clrcumsLances [usLlfylng such amendmenL
1012 upon Lhe requesL of Lhe paLenLee Lhe sald ulrecLor may
cancel Lhe compulsory llcense
(a) lf Lhe ground for Lhe granL of Lhe compulsory llcense
no longer exlsLs and ls unllkely Lo recur
(b) lf Lhe llcensee has nelLher begun Lo supply Lhe
domesLlc markeL nor made serlous preparaLlon Lherefor
(c) lf Lhe llcensee has noL complled wlLh Lhe prescrlbed
Lerms of Lhe llcense
1013 1he llcensee may surrender Lhe llcense by a wrlLLen
declaraLlon submlLLed Lo Lhe Cfflce
1014 1he sald ulrecLor shall cause Lhe amendmenL surrender or
cancellaLlon ln Lhe 8eglsLer noLlfy Lhe paLenLee and/or Lhe
llcensee and cause noLlce Lhereof Lo be publlshed ln Lhe lC
CazeLLe (Sec 33u 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 102 llceosees xemptloo ftom lloblllty Any person who
works a paLenLed producL subsLance and/or process under a
llcense granLed under Lhls ChapLer shall be free from any llablllLy
for lnfrlngemenL rovlded however 1haL ln Lhe case of volunLary
llcenslng no colluslon wlLh Lhe llcensor ls proven 1hls ls wlLhouL
pre[udlce Lo Lhe rlghL of Lhe rlghLful owner of Lhe paLenL Lo
recover from Lhe llcensor whaLever he may have recelved as
royalLles under Lhe llcense (Sec 33L 8A no 163a)
CnA1Lk kI
ASSIGNMLN1 AND 1kANSMISSICN CI kIGn1S
Sect|on 103 1toosmlssloo of klqbts 1031 aLenLs or
appllcaLlons for paLenLs and lnvenLlon Lo whlch Lhey relaLe shall
be proLecLed ln Lhe same way as Lhe rlghLs of oLher properLy
under Lhe Clvll Code
1032 lnvenLlons and any rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL ln and Lo paLenLs
and lnvenLlons covered Lhereby may be asslgned or LransmlLLed
by lnherlLance or bequesL or may be Lhe sub[ecL of a llcense
conLracL (Sec 30 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 104 Asslqomeot of oveotloos An asslgnmenL may be of
Lhe enLlre rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL ln and Lo Lhe paLenL and Lhe
lnvenLlon covered Lhereby or of an undlvlded share of Lhe enLlre
paLenL and lnvenLlon ln whlch evenL Lhe parLles become [olnL
owners Lhereof An asslgnmenL may be llmlLed Lo a speclfled
LerrlLory (Sec 31 8A no 163)
Sect|on 10S otm of Asslqomeot 1he asslgnmenL musL be ln
wrlLlng acknowledged before a noLary publlc or oLher offlcer
auLhorlzed Lo admlnlsLer oaLh or perform noLarlal acLs and
cerLlfled under Lhe hand and offlclal seal of Lhe noLary or such
oLher offlcer (Sec 32 8A no 163)
Sect|on 106 kecotJloq 1061 1he Cfflce shall record
asslgnmenLs llcenses and oLher lnsLrumenLs relaLlng Lo Lhe
Lransmlsslon of any rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL ln and Lo lnvenLlons and
paLenLs or appllcaLlon for paLenLs or lnvenLlons Lo whlch Lhey
relaLe whlch are presenLed ln due form Lo Lhe Cfflce for
reglsLraLlon ln books and records kepL for Lhe purpose 1he
orlglnal documenLs LogeLher wlLh a slgned dupllcaLe Lhereof shall
be flled and Lhe conLenLs Lhereof should be kepL confldenLlal lf
Lhe orlglnal ls noL avallable an auLhenLlcaLed copy Lhereof ln
dupllcaLe may be flled upon recordlng Lhe Cfflce shall reLaln Lhe
dupllcaLe reLurn Lhe orlglnal or Lhe auLhenLlcaLed copy Lo Lhe
parLy who flled Lhe same and noLlce of Lhe recordlng shall be
publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe
1062 Such lnsLrumenLs shall be vold as agalnsL any subsequenL
purchaser or morLgagee for valuable conslderaLlon and wlLhouL
noLlce unless lL ls so recorded ln Lhe Cfflce wlLhln Lhree (3)
monLhs from Lhe daLe of sald lnsLrumenL or prlor Lo Lhe
subsequenL purchase or morLgage (Sec 33 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 107 klqbts of olot Owoets lf Lwo (2) or more persons
[olnLly own a paLenL and Lhe lnvenLlon covered Lhereby elLher by
Lhe lssuance of Lhe paLenL ln Lhelr [olnL favor or by reason of Lhe
asslgnmenL of an undlvlded share ln Lhe paLenL and lnvenLlon or
by reason of Lhe successlon ln LlLle Lo such share each of Lhe [olnL
owners shall be enLlLled Lo personally make use sell or lmporL
Lhe lnvenLlon for hls own proflL rovlded however 1haL nelLher
of Lhe [olnL owners shall be enLlLled Lo granL llcenses or Lo asslgn
hls rlghL LlLle or lnLeresL or parL Lhereof wlLhouL Lhe consenL of
Lhe oLher owner or owners or wlLhouL proporLlonally dlvldlng Lhe
proceeds wlLh such oLher owner or owners (Sec 34 8A no 163)
CnA1Lk kII
kLGIS1kA1ICN CI U1ILI1 MCDLLS
Sect|on 108 Appllcoblllty of ltovlsloos kelotloq to loteots 1081
Sub[ecL Lo SecLlon 109 Lhe provlslons governlng paLenLs shall
apply muLaLls muLandls Lo Lhe reglsLraLlon of uLlllLy models
1082 Where Lhe rlghL Lo a paLenL confllcLs wlLh Lhe rlghL Lo a
uLlllLy model reglsLraLlon ln Lhe case referred Lo ln SecLlon 29 Lhe
sald provlslon shall apply as lf Lhe word paLenL were replaced by
Lhe words paLenL or uLlllLy model reglsLraLlon (Sec 33 8A no
163a)
Sect|on 109 5peclol ltovlsloos kelotloq to Dtlllty MoJels 1091
(a) An lnvenLlon quallfles for reglsLraLlon as a uLlllLy model lf lL ls
new and lndusLrlally appllcable
(b) SecLlon 21 aLenLable lnvenLlons shall apply
excepL Lhe reference Lo lnvenLlve sLep as a condlLlon of
proLecLlon
1092 SecLlons 43 Lo 49 shall noL apply ln Lhe case of appllcaLlons
for reglsLraLlon of a uLlllLy model
1093 A uLlllLy model reglsLraLlon shall explre wlLhouL any
posslblllLy of renewal aL Lhe end of Lhe sevenLh year afLer Lhe
daLe of Lhe flllng of Lhe appllcaLlon

1094 ln proceedlngs under SecLlons 61 Lo 64 Lhe uLlllLy model
reglsLraLlon shall be canceled on Lhe followlng grounds
(a) 1haL Lhe clalmed lnvenLlon does noL quallfy for
reglsLraLlon as a uLlllLy model and does noL meeL Lhe
requlremenLs of reglsLrablllLy ln parLlcular havlng regard
Lo SubsecLlon 1091 and SecLlons 22 23 24 and 27
(b) 1haL Lhe descrlpLlon and Lhe clalms do noL comply
wlLh Lhe prescrlbed requlremenLs
(c) 1haL any drawlng whlch ls necessary for Lhe
undersLandlng of Lhe lnvenLlon has noL been furnlshed
(d) 1haL Lhe owner of Lhe uLlllLy model reglsLraLlon ls noL
Lhe lnvenLor or hls successor ln LlLle (Secs 33 36 and
37 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 110 coovetsloo of loteot Appllcotloos ot Appllcotloos fot
Dtlllty MoJel keqlsttotloo 1101 AL any Llme before Lhe granL or
refusal of a paLenL an appllcanL for a paLenL may upon paymenL
of Lhe prescrlbed fee converL hls appllcaLlon lnLo an appllcaLlon
for reglsLraLlon of a uLlllLy model whlch shall be accorded Lhe
flllng daLe of Lhe lnlLlal appllcaLlon An appllcaLlon may be
converLed only once
1102 AL any Llme before Lhe granL or refusal of a uLlllLy model
reglsLraLlon an appllcanL for a uLlllLy model reglsLraLlon may upon
paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee converL hls appllcaLlon lnLo a
paLenL appllcaLlon whlch shall be accorded Lhe flllng daLe of Lhe
lnlLlal appllcaLlon (Sec 38 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 111 ltoblbltloo oqolost llloq of lotollel Appllcotloos An
appllcanL may noL flle Lwo (2) appllcaLlons for Lhe same sub[ecL
one for uLlllLy model reglsLraLlon and Lhe oLher for Lhe granL of a
paLenL wheLher slmulLaneously or consecuLlvely (Sec 39 8A no
163a)
CnA1Lk kIII
INDUS1kIAL DLSIGN
Sect|on 112 efloltloo of oJsttlol eslqo An lndusLrlal deslgn
ls any composlLlon of llnes or colors or any Lhreedlmenslonal
form wheLher or noL assoclaLedwlLh llnes or colors rovlded
1haL such composlLlon or form glves a speclal appearance Lo and
can serve as paLLern for an lndusLrlal producL or handlcrafL (Sec
33 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 113 5bstootlve cooJltloos fot ltotectloo 1131 Cnly
lndusLrlal deslgns LhaL are new or orlglnal shall beneflL from
proLecLlon under Lhls AcL
1132 lndusLrlal deslgns dlcLaLed essenLlally by Lechnlcal or
funcLlonal conslderaLlons Lo obLaln a Lechnlcal resulL or Lhose LhaL
are conLrary Lo publlc order healLh or morals shall noL be
proLecLed (n)
Sect|on 114 cooteots of tbe Appllcotloo 1141 Lvery appllcaLlon
for reglsLraLlon of an lndusLrlal deslgn shall conLaln
(a) A requesL for reglsLraLlon of Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn
(b) lnformaLlon ldenLlfylng Lhe appllcanL
(c) An lndlcaLlon of Lhe klnd of arLlcle of manufacLure or
handlcrafL Lo whlch Lhe deslgn shall be applled
(d) A represenLaLlon of Lhe arLlcle of manufacLure or
handlcrafL by way of drawlngs phoLographs or oLher
adequaLe graphlc represenLaLlon of Lhe deslgn as
applled Lo Lhe arLlcle of manufacLure or handlcrafL whlch
clearly and fully dlscloses Lhose feaLures for whlch
deslgn proLecLlon ls clalmed and
(e) 1he name and address of Lhe creaLor or where Lhe
appllcanL ls noL Lhe creaLor a sLaLemenL lndlcaLlng Lhe
orlgln of Lhe rlghL Lo Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn reglsLraLlon
1142 1he appllcaLlon may be accompanled by a speclmen of Lhe
arLlcle embodylng Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn and shall be sub[ecL Lo Lhe
paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee(n)
Sect|on 11S 5evetol oJsttlol eslqos lo Ooe Appllcotloo 1wo
(2) or more lndusLrlal deslgns may be Lhe sub[ecL of Lhe same
appllcaLlon rovlded 1haL Lhey relaLe Lo Lhe same subclass of Lhe
lnLernaLlonal ClasslflcaLlon or Lo Lhe same seL or composlLlon of
arLlcles (n)
Sect|on 116 xomlootloo 1161 1he Cfflce shall accord as Lhe
flllng daLe Lhe daLe of recelpL of Lhe appllcaLlon conLalnlng
lndlcaLlons allowlng Lhe ldenLlLy of Lhe appllcanL Lo be esLabllshed
and a represenLaLlon of Lhe arLlcle embodylng Lhe lndusLrlal
deslgn or a plcLorlal represenLaLlon Lhereof
1162 lf Lhe appllcaLlon does noL meeL Lhese requlremenLs Lhe
flllng daLe should be LhaL daLe when all Lhe elemenLs speclfled ln
SecLlon 103 are flled or Lhe mlsLakes correcLed CLherwlse lf Lhe
requlremenLs are noL complled wlLhln Lhe prescrlbed perlod Lhe
appllcaLlon shall be consldered wlLhdrawn
1163 AfLer Lhe appllcaLlon has been accorded a flllng daLe and
Lhe requlred fees pald on Llme Lhe appllcanL shall comply wlLh Lhe
requlremenLs of SecLlon 114 wlLhln Lhe prescrlbed perlod
oLherwlse Lhe appllcaLlon shall be consldered wlLhdrawn
1164 1he Cfflce shall examlne wheLher Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn
complles wlLh requlremenLs of SecLlon 112 and SubsecLlons 1132
and 1133 (n)
Sect|on 117 keqlsttotloo 1171 Where Lhe Cfflce flnds LhaL Lhe
condlLlons referred Lo ln SecLlon 113 are fulfllled lL shall order
LhaL reglsLraLlon be effecLed ln Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn reglsLer and
cause Lhe lssuance of an lndusLrlal deslgn cerLlflcaLe of
reglsLraLlon oLherwlse lL shall refuse Lhe appllcaLlon
1172 1he form and conLenLs of an lndusLrlal deslgn cerLlflcaLe

shall be esLabllshed by Lhe 8egulaLlons rovlded 1haL Lhe name
and address of Lhe creaLor shall be menLloned ln every case
1173 8eglsLraLlon shall be publlshed ln Lhe form and wlLhln Lhe
perlod flxed by Lhe 8egulaLlons
1174 1he Cfflce shall record ln Lhe reglsLer any change ln Lhe
ldenLlLy of Lhe proprleLor of Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn or hls
represenLaLlve lf proof Lhereof ls furnlshed Lo lL A fee shall be
pald wlLh Lhe requesL Lo record Lhe change ln Lhe ldenLlLy of Lhe
proprleLor lf Lhe fee ls noL pald Lhe requesL shall be deemed noL
Lo have been flled ln such case Lhe former proprleLor and Lhe
former represenLaLlve shall remaln sub[ecL Lo Lhe rlghLs and
obllgaLlons as provlded ln Lhls AcL
1173 Anyone may lnspecL Lhe 8eglsLer and Lhe flles of reglsLered
lndusLrlal deslgns lncludlng Lhe flles of cancellaLlon proceedlngs
(n)
Sect|on 118 1be 1etm of oJsttlol eslqo keqlsttotloo 1181
1he reglsLraLlon of an lndusLrlal deslgn shall be for a perlod of flve
(3) years from Lhe flllng daLe of Lhe appllcaLlon
1182 1he reglsLraLlon of an lndusLrlal deslgn may be renewed for
noL more Lhan Lwo (2) consecuLlve perlods of flve (3) years each
by paylng Lhe renewal fee
1183 1he renewal fee shall be pald wlLhln Lwelve (12) monLhs
precedlng Lhe explraLlon of Lhe perlod of reglsLraLlon Powever a
grace perlod of slx (6) monLhs shall be granLed for paymenL of Lhe
fees afLer such explraLlon upon paymenL of a surcharge
1184 1he 8egulaLlons shall flx Lhe amounL of renewal fee Lhe
surcharge and oLher requlremenLs regardlng Lhe recordlng of
renewals of reglsLraLlon
Sect|on 119 Appllcotloo of Otbet 5ectloos ooJ cboptets 1191
1he followlng provlslons relaLlng Lo paLenLs shall apply muLaLls
muLandls Lo an lndusLrlal deslgn reglsLraLlon
SecLlon 21 novelLy
SecLlon 24 rlor arL rovlded 1haL Lhe dlsclosure
SecLlon 23 nonpre[udlclal ulsclosure
SecLlon 27 lnvenLlons CreaLed ursuanL Lo a Com
SecLlon 28 8lghL Lo a aLenL
SecLlon 29 llrsL Lo llle 8ule
SecLlon 31

8lghL of rlorlLy rovlded 1haL Lhe ap
monLhs from Lhe earllesL flllng daLe of
SecLlon 33 AppolnLmenL of AgenL or 8epresenLaL
SecLlon 31 8efusal of Lhe AppllcaLlon
SecLlons 36 Lo Surrender CorrecLlon of and Changes
60
CPA1L8 vll 8emedles of a erson wlLh a 8lghL Lo aLenL
CPA1L8 vlll 8lghLs of aLenLees and lnfrlngemenL of aLenLs and
CPA1L8 xl AsslgnmenL and 1ransmlsslon of 8lghLs
1192 lf Lhe essenLlal elemenLs of an lndusLrlal deslgn whlch ls Lhe
sub[ecL of an appllcaLlon have been obLalned from Lhe creaLlon of
anoLher person wlLhouL hls consenL proLecLlon under Lhls ChapLer
cannoL be lnvoked agalnsL Lhe ln[ured parLy (n)
Sect|on 120 coocellotloo of eslqo keqlsttotloo 1201 AL any
Llme durlng Lhe Lerm of Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn reglsLraLlon any
person upon paymenL of Lhe requlred fee may peLlLlon Lhe
ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs Lo cancel Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn on any of
Lhe followlng grounds
(a) lf Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn ls noL
reglsLrable wlLhln Lhe Lerms of SecLlons 112 and 113
(b) lf Lhe sub[ecL maLLer ls noL new or
(c) lf Lhe sub[ecL maLLer of Lhe lndusLrlal deslgn exLends
beyond Lhe conLenL of Lhe appllcaLlon as orlglnally flled
1202 Where Lhe grounds for cancellaLlon relaLe Lo a parL of Lhe
lndusLrlal deslgn cancellaLlon may be effecLed Lo such exLenL only
1he resLrlcLlon may be effecLed ln Lhe form of an alLeraLlon of Lhe
effecLed feaLures of Lhe deslgn (n)
Ak1 III
1nL LAW CN 1kADLMAkkS SLkVICL MAkkS AND 1kADL NAMLS
Sect|on 121 efloltloos As used ln arL lll Lhe followlng Lerms
have Lhe followlng meanlngs
1211 Mark means any vlslble slgn capable of dlsLlngulshlng Lhe
goods (Lrademark) or servlces (servlce mark) of an enLerprlse and
shall lnclude a sLamped or marked conLalner of goods (Sec 38
8A no 166a)
1212 CollecLlve mark means any vlslble slgn deslgnaLed as such
ln Lhe appllcaLlon for reglsLraLlon and capable of dlsLlngulshlng Lhe
orlgln or any oLher common characLerlsLlc lncludlng Lhe quallLy of
goods or servlces of dlfferenL enLerprlses whlch use Lhe slgn under
Lhe conLrol of Lhe reglsLered owner of Lhe collecLlve mark (Sec
40 8A no 166a)
1213 1rade name means Lhe name or deslgnaLlon ldenLlfylng or
dlsLlngulshlng an enLerprlse (Sec 38 8A no 166a)
1214 8ureau means Lhe 8ureau of 1rademarks
1213 ulrecLor means Lhe ulrecLor of 1rademarks

1216 8egulaLlons means Lhe 8ules of racLlce ln 1rademarks
and Servlce Marks formulaLed by Lhe ulrecLor of 1rademarks and
approved by Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral and
1217 Lxamlner means Lhe Lrademark examlner (Sec 38 8A
no 166a)
Sect|on 122 now Motks ote AcplteJ 1he rlghLs ln a mark shall
be acqulred Lhrough reglsLraLlon made valldly ln accordance wlLh
Lhe provlslons of Lhls law (Sec 2A 8 A no 166a)
Sect|on 123 keqlsttoblllty 1231 A mark cannoL be reglsLered lf
lL
(a) ConslsLs of lmmoral decepLlve or scandalous maLLer
or maLLer whlch may dlsparage or falsely suggesL a
connecLlon wlLh persons llvlng or dead lnsLlLuLlons
bellefs or naLlonal symbols or brlng Lhem lnLo
conLempL or dlsrepuLe
(b) ConslsLs of Lhe flag or coaL of arms or oLher lnslgnla
of Lhe hlllpplnes or any of lLs pollLlcal subdlvlslons or of
any forelgn naLlon or any slmulaLlon Lhereof
(c) ConslsLs of a name porLralL or slgnaLure ldenLlfylng a
parLlcular llvlng lndlvldual excepL by hls wrlLLen consenL
or Lhe name slgnaLure or porLralL of a deceased
resldenL of Lhe hlllpplnes durlng Lhe llfe of hls wldow
lf any excepL by wrlLLen consenL of Lhe wldow
(d) ls ldenLlcal wlLh a reglsLered mark belonglng Lo a
dlfferenL proprleLor or a mark wlLh an earller flllng or
prlorlLy daLe ln respecL of
(l) 1he same goods or servlces or
(ll) Closely relaLed goods or servlces or
(lll) lf lL nearly resembles such a mark as Lo be
llkely Lo decelve or cause confuslon
(e) ls ldenLlcal wlLh or confuslngly slmllar Lo or
consLlLuLes a LranslaLlon of a mark whlch ls consldered
by Lhe compeLenL auLhorlLy of Lhe hlllpplnes Lo be well
known lnLernaLlonally and ln Lhe hlllpplnes wheLher or
noL lL ls reglsLered here as belng already Lhe mark of a
person oLher Lhan Lhe appllcanL for reglsLraLlon and
used for ldenLlcal or slmllar goods or servlces rovlded
1haL ln deLermlnlng wheLher a mark ls wellknown
accounL shall be Laken of Lhe knowledge of Lhe relevanL
secLor of Lhe publlc raLher Lhan of Lhe publlc aL large
lncludlng knowledge ln Lhe hlllpplnes whlch has been
obLalned as a resulL of Lhe promoLlon of Lhe mark
(f) ls ldenLlcal wlLh or confuslngly slmllar Lo or
consLlLuLes a LranslaLlon of a mark consldered well
known ln accordance wlLh Lhe precedlng paragraph
whlch ls reglsLered ln Lhe hlllpplnes wlLh respecL Lo
goods or servlces whlch are noL slmllar Lo Lhose wlLh
respecL Lo whlch reglsLraLlon ls applled for rovlded
1haL use of Lhe mark ln relaLlon Lo Lhose goods or
servlces would lndlcaLe a connecLlon beLween Lhose
goods or servlces and Lhe owner of Lhe reglsLered mark
rovlded furLher 1haL Lhe lnLeresLs of Lhe owner of Lhe
reglsLered mark are llkely Lo be damaged by such use
(g) ls llkely Lo mlslead Lhe publlc parLlcularly as Lo Lhe
naLure quallLy characLerlsLlcs or geographlcal orlgln of
Lhe goods or servlces
(h) ConslsLs excluslvely of slgns LhaL are generlc for Lhe
goods or servlces LhaL Lhey seek Lo ldenLlfy
(l) ConslsLs excluslvely of slgns or of lndlcaLlons LhaL have
become cusLomary or usual Lo deslgnaLe Lhe goods or
servlces ln everyday language or ln bona flde and
esLabllshed Lrade pracLlce
([) ConslsLs excluslvely of slgns or of lndlcaLlons LhaL may
serve ln Lrade Lo deslgnaLe Lhe klnd quallLy quanLlLy
lnLended purpose value geographlcal orlgln Llme or
producLlon of Lhe goods or renderlng of Lhe servlces or
oLher characLerlsLlcs of Lhe goods or servlces
(k) ConslsLs of shapes LhaL may be necesslLaLed by
Lechnlcal facLors or by Lhe naLure of Lhe goods
Lhemselves or facLors LhaL affecL Lhelr lnLrlnslc value
(l) ConslsLs of color alone unless deflned by a glven
form or
(m) ls conLrary Lo publlc order or morallLy
1232 As regards slgns or devlces menLloned ln paragraphs ([) (k)
and (l) noLhlng shall prevenL Lhe reglsLraLlon of any such slgn or
devlce whlch has become dlsLlncLlve ln relaLlon Lo Lhe goods for
whlch reglsLraLlon ls requesLed as a resulL of Lhe use LhaL have
been made of lL ln commerce ln Lhe hlllpplnes 1he Cfflce may
accepL as prlma facle evldence LhaL Lhe mark has become
dlsLlncLlve as used ln connecLlon wlLh Lhe appllcanLs goods or
servlces ln commerce proof of subsLanLlally excluslve and
conLlnuous use Lhereof by Lhe appllcanL ln commerce ln Lhe
hlllpplnes for flve (3) years before Lhe daLe on whlch Lhe clalm of
dlsLlncLlveness ls made
1233 1he naLure of Lhe goods Lo whlch Lhe mark ls applled wlll
noL consLlLuLe an obsLacle Lo reglsLraLlon (Sec 4 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 124 kepltemeots of Appllcotloo 1241 1he appllcaLlon
for Lhe reglsLraLlon of Lhe mark shall be ln llllplno or ln Lngllsh and
shall conLaln Lhe followlng
(a) A requesL for reglsLraLlon
(b) 1he name and address of Lhe appllcanL

(c) 1he name of a SLaLe of whlch Lhe appllcanL ls a
naLlonal or where he has domlclle and Lhe name of a
SLaLe ln whlch Lhe appllcanL has a real and effecLlve
lndusLrlal or commerclal esLabllshmenL lf any
(d) Where Lhe appllcanL ls a [urldlcal enLlLy Lhe law
under whlch lL ls organlzed and exlsLlng
(e) 1he appolnLmenL of an agenL or represenLaLlve lf Lhe
appllcanL ls noL domlclled ln Lhe hlllpplnes
(f) Where Lhe appllcanL clalms Lhe prlorlLy of an earller
appllcaLlon an lndlcaLlon of
l) 1he name of Lhe SLaLe wlLh whose naLlonal
offlce Lhe earller appllcaLlon was flled or lf flled
wlLh an offlce oLher Lhan a naLlonal offlce Lhe
name of LhaL offlce
ll) 1he daLe on whlch Lhe earller appllcaLlon
was flled and
lll) Where avallable Lhe appllcaLlon number of
Lhe earller appllcaLlon
(g) Where Lhe appllcanL clalms color as a dlsLlncLlve
feaLure of Lhe mark a sLaLemenL Lo LhaL effecL as well as
Lhe name or names of Lhe color or colors clalmed and an
lndlcaLlon ln respecL of each color of Lhe prlnclpal parLs
of Lhe mark whlch are ln LhaL color
(h) Where Lhe mark ls a Lhreedlmenslonal mark a
sLaLemenL Lo LhaL effecL
(l) Cne or more reproducLlons of Lhe mark as prescrlbed
ln Lhe 8egulaLlons
([) A LransllLeraLlon or LranslaLlon of Lhe mark or of some
parLs of Lhe mark as prescrlbed ln Lhe 8egulaLlons
(k) 1he names of Lhe goods or servlces for whlch Lhe
reglsLraLlon ls soughL grouped accordlng Lo Lhe classes
of Lhe nlce ClasslflcaLlon LogeLher wlLh Lhe number of
Lhe class of Lhe sald ClasslflcaLlon Lo whlch each group of
goods or servlces belongs and
(l) A slgnaLure by or oLher selfldenLlflcaLlon of Lhe
appllcanL or hls represenLaLlve
1242 1he appllcanL or Lhe reglsLranL shall flle a declaraLlon of
acLual use of Lhe mark wlLh evldence Lo LhaL effecL as prescrlbed
by Lhe 8egulaLlons wlLhln Lhree (3) years from Lhe flllng daLe of
Lhe appllcaLlon CLherwlse Lhe appllcaLlon shall be refused or Lhe
mark shall be removed from Lhe 8eglsLer by Lhe ulrecLor
1243 Cne (1) appllcaLlon may relaLe Lo several goods and/or
servlces wheLher Lhey belong Lo one (1) class or Lo several classes
of Lhe nlce ClasslflcaLlon
1244 lf durlng Lhe examlnaLlon of Lhe appllcaLlon Lhe Cfflce flnds
facLual basls Lo reasonably doubL Lhe veraclLy of any lndlcaLlon or
elemenL ln Lhe appllcaLlon lL may requlre Lhe appllcanL Lo submlL
sufflclenL evldence Lo remove Lhe doubL (Sec 3 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 12S kepteseototloo AJJtess fot 5etvlce lf Lhe appllcanL
ls noL domlclled or has no real and effecLlve commerclal
esLabllshmenL ln Lhe hlllpplnes he shall deslgnaLe by a wrlLLen
documenL flled ln Lhe Cfflce Lhe name and address of a hlllpplne
resldenL who may be served noLlces or process ln proceedlngs
affecLlng Lhe mark Such noLlces or servlces may be served upon
Lhe person so deslgnaLed by leavlng a copy Lhereof aL Lhe address
speclfled ln Lhe lasL deslgnaLlon flled lf Lhe person so deslgnaLed
cannoL be found aL Lhe address glven ln Lhe lasL deslgnaLlon such
noLlce or process may be served upon Lhe ulrecLor (Sec 3 8A
no 166a)
Sect|on 126 lsclolmets 1he Cfflce may allow or requlre Lhe
appllcanL Lo dlsclalm an unreglsLrable componenL of an oLherwlse
reglsLrable mark buL such dlsclalmer shall noL pre[udlce or affecL
Lhe appllcanLs or owners rlghLs Lhen exlsLlng or LhereafLer arlslng
ln Lhe dlsclalmed maLLer nor such shall dlsclalmer pre[udlce or
affecL Lhe appllcanLs or owners rlghL on anoLher appllcaLlon of
laLer daLe lf Lhe dlsclalmed maLLer became dlsLlncLlve of Lhe
appllcanLs or owners goods buslness or servlces (Sec 13 8A
no 166a)
Sect|on 127 llloq ote 1271 8equlremenLs 1he flllng daLe of
an appllcaLlon shall be Lhe daLe on whlch Lhe Cfflce recelved Lhe
followlng lndlcaLlons and elemenLs ln Lngllsh or llllplno
(a) An express or lmpllclL lndlcaLlon LhaL Lhe reglsLraLlon
of a mark ls soughL
(b) 1he ldenLlLy of Lhe appllcanL
(c) lndlcaLlons sufflclenL Lo conLacL Lhe appllcanL or hls
represenLaLlve lf any
(d) A reproducLlon of Lhe mark whose reglsLraLlon ls
soughL and
(e) 1he llsL of Lhe goods or servlces for whlch Lhe
reglsLraLlon ls soughL
1272 no flllng daLe shall be accorded unLll Lhe requlred fee ls
pald (n)
Sect|on 128 5loqle keqlsttotloo fot CooJs ooJ/ot 5etvlces
Where goods and/or servlces belonglng Lo several classes of Lhe
nlce ClasslflcaLlon have been lncluded ln one (1) appllcaLlon such
an appllcaLlon shall resulL ln one reglsLraLlon (n)
Sect|on 129 lvlsloo of Appllcotloo Any appllcaLlon referrlng Lo
several goods or servlces hereafLer referred Lo as Lhe lnlLlal
appllcaLlon may be dlvlded by Lhe appllcanL lnLo Lwo (2) or more
appllcaLlons hereafLer referred Lo as Lhe dlvlslonal appllcaLlons
by dlsLrlbuLlng among Lhe laLLer Lhe goods or servlces referred Lo

ln Lhe lnlLlal appllcaLlon 1he dlvlslonal appllcaLlons shall preserve
Lhe flllng daLe of Lhe lnlLlal appllcaLlon or Lhe beneflL of Lhe rlghL of
prlorlLy (n)
Sect|on 130 5lqootte ooJ Otbet Meoos of 5elfJeotlflcotloo
1301 Where a slgnaLure ls requlred Lhe Cfflce shall accepL
(a) A handwrlLLen slgnaLure or
(b) 1he use of oLher forms of slgnaLure such as a prlnLed
or sLamped slgnaLure or Lhe use of a seal lnsLead of a
handwrlLLen slgnaLure rovlded 1haL where a seal ls
used lL should be accompanled by an lndlcaLlon ln
leLLers of Lhe name of Lhe slgnaLory
1302 1he Cfflce shall accepL communlcaLlons Lo lL by Lelecopler
or by elecLronlc means sub[ecL Lo Lhe condlLlons or requlremenLs
LhaL wlll be prescrlbed by Lhe 8egulaLlons When communlcaLlons
are made by Lelefacslmlle Lhe reproducLlon of Lhe slgnaLure or
Lhe reproducLlon of Lhe seal LogeLher wlLh where requlred Lhe
lndlcaLlon ln leLLers of Lhe name of Lhe naLural person whose seal
ls used appears 1he orlglnal communlcaLlons musL be recelved by
Lhe Cfflce wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from daLe of recelpL of Lhe
Lelefacslmlle
1303 no aLLesLaLlon noLarlzaLlon auLhenLlcaLlon legallzaLlon or
oLher cerLlflcaLlon of any slgnaLure or oLher means of self
ldenLlflcaLlon referred Lo ln Lhe precedlng paragraphs wlll be
requlred excepL where Lhe slgnaLure concerns Lhe surrender of a
reglsLraLlon (n)
Sect|on 131 ltlotlty klqbt 1311 An appllcaLlon for reglsLraLlon
of a mark flled ln Lhe hlllpplnes by a person referred Lo ln SecLlon
3 and who prevlously duly flled an appllcaLlon for reglsLraLlon of
Lhe same mark ln one of Lhose counLrles shall be consldered as
flled as of Lhe day Lhe appllcaLlon was flrsL flled ln Lhe forelgn
counLry
1312 no reglsLraLlon of a mark ln Lhe hlllpplnes by a person
descrlbed ln Lhls secLlon shall be granLed unLll such mark has been
reglsLered ln Lhe counLry of orlgln of Lhe appllcanL
1313 noLhlng ln Lhls secLlon shall enLlLle Lhe owner of a
reglsLraLlon granLed under Lhls secLlon Lo sue for acLs commlLLed
prlor Lo Lhe daLe on whlch hls mark was reglsLered ln Lhls counLry
rovlded 1haL noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe foregolng Lhe owner of a
wellknown mark as deflned ln SecLlon 1231(e) of Lhls AcL LhaL ls
noL reglsLered ln Lhe hlllpplnes may agalnsL an ldenLlcal or
confuslngly slmllar mark oppose lLs reglsLraLlon or peLlLlon Lhe
cancellaLlon of lLs reglsLraLlon or sue for unfalr compeLlLlon
wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo avalllng hlmself of oLher remedles provlded
for under Lhe law
1314 ln llke manner and sub[ecL Lo Lhe same condlLlons and
requlremenLs Lhe rlghL provlded ln Lhls secLlon may be based
upon a subsequenL regularly flled appllcaLlon ln Lhe same forelgn
counLry rovlded 1haL any forelgn appllcaLlon flled prlor Lo such
subsequenL appllcaLlon has been wlLhdrawn abandoned or
oLherwlse dlsposed of wlLhouL havlng been lald open Lo publlc
lnspecLlon and wlLhouL leavlng any rlghLs ouLsLandlng and has noL
served nor LhereafLer shall serve as a basls for clalmlng a rlghL of
prlorlLy (Sec 37 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 132 Appllcotloo -mbet ooJ llloq ote 1321 1he
Cfflce shall examlne wheLher Lhe appllcaLlon saLlsfles Lhe
requlremenLs for Lhe granL of a flllng daLe as provlded ln SecLlon
127 and 8egulaLlons relaLlng LhereLo lf Lhe appllcaLlon does noL
saLlsfy Lhe flllng requlremenLs Lhe Cfflce shall noLlfy Lhe appllcanL
who shall wlLhln a perlod flxed by Lhe 8egulaLlons compleLe or
correcL Lhe appllcaLlon as requlred oLherwlse Lhe appllcaLlon
shall be consldered wlLhdrawn
1322 Cnce an appllcaLlon meeLs Lhe flllng requlremenLs of SecLlon
127 lL shall be numbered ln Lhe sequenLlal order and Lhe
appllcanL shall be lnformed of Lhe appllcaLlon number and Lhe
flllng daLe of Lhe appllcaLlon wlll be deemed Lo have been
abandoned (n)
Sect|on 133 xomlootloo ooJ lbllcotloo 1331 Cnce Lhe
appllcaLlon meeLs Lhe flllng requlremenLs of SecLlon 127 Lhe
Cfflce shall examlne wheLher Lhe appllcaLlon meeLs Lhe
requlremenLs of SecLlon 124 and Lhe mark as deflned ln SecLlon
121 ls reglsLrable under SecLlon 123
1332 Where Lhe Cfflce flnds LhaL Lhe condlLlons referred Lo ln
SubsecLlon 1331 are fulfllled lL shall upon paymenL of Lhe
prescrlbed fee forLhwlLh cause Lhe appllcaLlon as flled Lo be
publlshed ln Lhe prescrlbed manner
1333 lf afLer Lhe examlnaLlon Lhe appllcanL ls noL enLlLled Lo
reglsLraLlon for any reason Lhe Cfflce shall advlse Lhe appllcanL
Lhereof and Lhe reasons Lherefor 1he appllcanL shall have a perlod
of four (4) monLhs ln whlch Lo reply or amend hls appllcaLlon
whlch shall Lhen be reexamlned 1he 8egulaLlons shall deLermlne
Lhe procedure for Lhe reexamlnaLlon or revlval of an appllcaLlon
as well as Lhe appeal Lo Lhe ulrecLor of 1rademarks from any flnal
acLlon by Lhe Lxamlner
1334 An abandoned appllcaLlon may be revlved as a pendlng
appllcaLlon wlLhln Lhree (3) monLhs from Lhe daLe of
abandonmenL upon good cause shown and Lhe paymenL of Lhe
requlred fee
1333 1he flnal declslon of refusal of Lhe ulrecLor of 1rademarks
shall be appealable Lo Lhe ulrecLor Ceneral ln accordance wlLh Lhe
procedure flxed by Lhe 8egulaLlons (Sec 7 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 134 Opposltloo Any person who belleves LhaL he would
be damaged by Lhe reglsLraLlon of a mark may upon paymenL of
Lhe requlred fee and wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days afLer Lhe publlcaLlon
referred Lo ln SubsecLlon 1332 flle wlLh Lhe Cfflce an opposlLlon
Lo Lhe appllcaLlon Such opposlLlon shall be ln wrlLlng and verlfled
by Lhe opposlLor or by any person on hls behalf who knows Lhe
facLs and shall speclfy Lhe grounds on whlch lL ls based and
lnclude a sLaLemenL of Lhe facLs relled upon Coples of cerLlflcaLes
of reglsLraLlon of marks reglsLered ln oLher counLrles or oLher
supporLlng documenLs menLloned ln Lhe opposlLlon shall be flled
LherewlLh LogeLher wlLh Lhe LranslaLlon ln Lngllsh lf noL ln Lhe

Lngllsh language lor good cause shown and upon paymenL of Lhe
requlred surcharge Lhe Llme for flllng an opposlLlon may be
exLended by Lhe ulrecLor of Legal Affalrs who shall noLlfy Lhe
appllcanL of such exLenslon 1he 8egulaLlons shall flx Lhe
maxlmum perlod of Llme wlLhln whlch Lo flle Lhe opposlLlon (Sec
8 8A no 163a)
Sect|on 13S -otlce ooJ neotloq upon Lhe flllng of an
opposlLlon Lhe Cfflce shall serve noLlce of Lhe flllng on Lhe
appllcanL and of Lhe daLe of Lhe hearlng Lhereof upon Lhe
appllcanL and Lhe opposlLor and all oLher persons havlng any rlghL
LlLle or lnLeresL ln Lhe mark covered by Lhe appllcaLlon as appear
of record ln Lhe Cfflce (Sec 9 8A no 163)
Sect|on 136 ssooce ooJ lbllcotloo of cettlflcote When Lhe
perlod for flllng Lhe opposlLlon has explred or when Lhe ulrecLor
of Legal Affalrs shall have denled Lhe opposlLlon Lhe Cfflce upon
paymenL of Lhe requlred fee shall lssue Lhe cerLlflcaLe of
reglsLraLlon upon lssuance of a cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon noLlce
Lhereof maklng reference Lo Lhe publlcaLlon of Lhe appllcaLlon
shall be publlshed ln Lhe lC CazeLLe (Sec 10 8A no 163)
Sect|on 137 keqlsttotloo of Motk ooJ ssooce of o cettlflcote to
tbe Owoet ot bls Asslqoee 1371 1he Cfflce shall malnLaln a
8eglsLer ln whlch shall be reglsLered marks numbered ln Lhe order
of Lhelr reglsLraLlon and all LransacLlons ln respecL of each mark
requlred Lo be recorded by vlrLue of Lhls law
1372 1he reglsLraLlon of a mark shall lnclude a reproducLlon of
Lhe mark and shall menLlon lLs number Lhe name and address of
Lhe reglsLered owner and lf Lhe reglsLered owners address ls
ouLslde Lhe counLry hls address for servlce wlLhln Lhe counLry Lhe
daLes of appllcaLlon and reglsLraLlon lf prlorlLy ls clalmed an
lndlcaLlon of Lhls facL and Lhe number daLe and counLry of Lhe
appllcaLlon basls of Lhe prlorlLy clalms Lhe llsL of goods or servlces
ln respecL of whlch reglsLraLlon has been granLed wlLh Lhe
lndlcaLlon of Lhe correspondlng class or classes and such oLher
daLa as Lhe 8egulaLlons may prescrlbe from Llme Lo Llme
1373 A cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon of a mark may be lssued Lo Lhe
asslgnee of Lhe appllcanL rovlded 1haL Lhe asslgnmenL ls
recorded ln Lhe Cfflce ln case of a change of ownershlp Lhe Cfflce
shall aL Lhe wrlLLen requesL slgned by Lhe owner or hls
represenLaLlve or by Lhe new owner or hls represenLaLlve and
upon a proper showlng and Lhe paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee
lssue Lo such asslgnee a new cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon of Lhe sald
mark ln Lhe name of such asslgnee and for Lhe unexplred parL of
Lhe orlglnal perlod
1374 1he Cfflce shall record any change of address or address
for servlce whlch shall be noLlfled Lo lL by Lhe reglsLered owner
1373 ln Lhe absence of any provlslon Lo Lhe conLrary ln Lhls AcL
communlcaLlons Lo be made Lo Lhe reglsLered owner by vlrLue of
Lhls AcL shall be senL Lo hlm aL hls lasL recorded address and aL
Lhe same aL hls lasL recorded address for servlce (Sec 19 8A
no 166a)
Sect|on 138 cettlflcotes of keqlsttotloo A cerLlflcaLe of
reglsLraLlon of a mark shall be prlma facle evldence of Lhe valldlLy
of Lhe reglsLraLlon Lhe reglsLranLs ownershlp of Lhe mark and of
Lhe reglsLranLs excluslve rlghL Lo use Lhe same ln connecLlon wlLh
Lhe goods or servlces and Lhose LhaL are relaLed LhereLo speclfled
ln Lhe cerLlflcaLe (Sec 20 8A no 163)
Sect|on 139 lbllcotloo of keqlsteteJ Motks ospectloo of
keqlstet 1391 1he Cfflce shall publlsh ln Lhe form and wlLhln
Lhe perlod flxed by Lhe 8egulaLlons Lhe marks reglsLered ln Lhe
order of Lhelr reglsLraLlon reproduclng all Lhe parLlculars referred
Lo ln SubsecLlon 1372
1392 Marks reglsLered aL Lhe Cfflce may be lnspecLed free of
charge and any person may obLaln coples Lhereof aL hls own
expense 1hls provlslon shall also be appllcable Lo LransacLlons
recorded ln respecL of any reglsLered mark (n)
Sect|on 140 coocellotloo poo Appllcotloo by keqlsttoot
AmeoJmeot ot lsclolmet of keqlsttotloo upon appllcaLlon of
Lhe reglsLranL Lhe Cfflce may permlL any reglsLraLlon Lo be
surrendered for cancellaLlon and upon cancellaLlon Lhe
approprlaLe enLry shall be made ln Lhe records of Lhe Cfflce upon
appllcaLlon of Lhe reglsLranL and paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee
Lhe Cfflce for good cause may permlL any reglsLraLlon Lo be
amended or Lo be dlsclalmed ln parL rovlded 1haL Lhe
amendmenL or dlsclalmer does noL alLer maLerlally Lhe characLer
of Lhe mark ApproprlaLe enLry shall be made ln Lhe records of Lhe
Cfflce upon Lhe cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon or lf sald cerLlflcaLe ls
losL or desLroyed upon a cerLlfled copy Lhereof (Sec 14 8A no
166)
Sect|on 141 5eoleJ ooJ cettlfleJ coples os vlJeoce Coples of
any records books papers or drawlngs belonglng Lo Lhe Cfflce
relaLlng Lo marks and coples of reglsLraLlons when auLhenLlcaLed
by Lhe seal of Lhe Cfflce and cerLlfled by Lhe ulrecLor of Lhe
AdmlnlsLraLlve llnanclal and Puman 8esource uevelopmenL
Servlce 8ureau or ln hls name by an employee of Lhe Cfflce duly
auLhorlzed by sald ulrecLor shall be evldence ln all cases whereln
Lhe orlglnals would be evldence and any person who applles and
pays Lhe prescrlbed fee shall secure such coples (n)
Sect|on 142 cottectloo of Mlstokes MoJe by tbe Offlce
Whenever a maLerlal mlsLake ln a reglsLraLlon lncurred Lhrough
Lhe faulL of Lhe Cfflce ls clearly dlsclosed by Lhe records of Lhe
Cfflce a cerLlflcaLe sLaLlng Lhe facL and naLure of such mlsLake
shall be lssued wlLhouL charge recorded and a prlnLed copy
Lhereof shall be aLLached Lo each prlnLed copy of Lhe reglsLraLlon
Such correcLed reglsLraLlon shall LhereafLer have Lhe same effecL
as Lhe orlglnal cerLlflcaLe or ln Lhe dlscreLlon of Lhe ulrecLor of Lhe
AdmlnlsLraLlve llnanclal and Puman 8esource uevelopmenL
Servlce 8ureau a new cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon may be lssued
wlLhouL charge All cerLlflcaLes of correcLlon hereLofore lssued ln
accordance wlLh Lhe 8egulaLlons and Lhe reglsLraLlon Lo whlch
Lhey are aLLached shall have Lhe same force and effecL as lf such
cerLlflcaLes and Lhelr lssuance had been auLhorlzed by Lhls AcL (n)
Sect|on 143 cottectloo of Mlstokes MoJe by Appllcoot
Whenever a mlsLake ls made ln a reglsLraLlon and such mlsLake
occurred ln good falLh Lhrough Lhe faulL of Lhe appllcanL Lhe
Cfflce may lssue a cerLlflcaLe upon Lhe paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed

fee rovlded 1haL Lhe correcLlon does noL lnvolve any change ln
Lhe reglsLraLlon LhaL requlres republlcaLlon of Lhe mark (n)
Sect|on 144 closslflcotloo of CooJs ooJ 5etvlces 1441 Lach
reglsLraLlon and any publlcaLlon of Lhe Cfflce whlch concerns an
appllcaLlon or reglsLraLlon effecLed by Lhe Cfflce shall lndlcaLe Lhe
goods or servlces by Lhelr names grouped accordlng Lo Lhe classes
of Lhe nlce ClasslflcaLlon and each group shall be preceded by Lhe
number of Lhe class of LhaL ClasslflcaLlon Lo whlch LhaL group of
goods or servlces belongs presenLed ln Lhe order of Lhe classes of
Lhe sald ClasslflcaLlon
1442 Coods or servlces may noL be consldered as belng slmllar or
dlsslmllar Lo each oLher on Lhe ground LhaL ln any reglsLraLlon or
publlcaLlon by Lhe Cfflce Lhey appear ln dlfferenL classes of Lhe
nlce ClasslflcaLlon (Sec 6 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 14S totloo A cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon shall remaln ln
force for Len (10) years rovlded 1haL Lhe reglsLranL shall flle a
declaraLlon of acLual use and evldence Lo LhaL effecL or shall show
valld reasons based on Lhe exlsLence of obsLacles Lo such use as
prescrlbed by Lhe 8egulaLlons wlLhln one (1) year from Lhe flfLh
annlversary of Lhe daLe of Lhe reglsLraLlon of Lhe mark CLherwlse
Lhe mark shall be removed from Lhe 8eglsLer by Lhe Cfflce (Sec
12 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 146 keoewol 1461 A cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon may be
renewed for perlods of Len (10) years aL lLs explraLlon upon
paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee and upon flllng of a requesL 1he
requesL shall conLaln Lhe followlng lndlcaLlons
(a) An lndlcaLlon LhaL renewal ls soughL
(b) 1he name and address of Lhe reglsLranL or hls
successorlnlnLeresL hereafLer referred Lo as Lhe rlghL
holder
(c) 1he reglsLraLlon number of Lhe reglsLraLlon
concerned
(d) 1he flllng daLe of Lhe appllcaLlon whlch resulLed ln
Lhe reglsLraLlon concerned Lo be renewed
(e) Where Lhe rlghL holder has a represenLaLlve Lhe
name and address of LhaL represenLaLlve
(f) 1he names of Lhe recorded goods or servlces for
whlch Lhe renewal ls requesLed or Lhe names of Lhe
recorded goods or servlces for whlch Lhe renewal ls noL
requesLed grouped accordlng Lo Lhe classes of Lhe nlce
ClasslflcaLlon Lo whlch LhaL group of goods or servlces
belongs and presenLed ln Lhe order of Lhe classes of Lhe
sald ClasslflcaLlon and
(g) A slgnaLure by Lhe rlghL holder or hls represenLaLlve
1462 Such requesL shall be ln llllplno or Lngllsh and may be
made aL any Llme wlLhln slx (6) monLhs before Lhe explraLlon of
Lhe perlod for whlch Lhe reglsLraLlon was lssued or renewed or lL
may be made wlLhln slx (6) monLhs afLer such explraLlon on
paymenL of Lhe addlLlonal fee hereln prescrlbed
1463 lf Lhe Cfflce refuses Lo renew Lhe reglsLraLlon lL shall noLlfy
Lhe reglsLranL of hls refusal and Lhe reasons Lherefor
1464 An appllcanL for renewal noL domlclled ln Lhe hlllpplnes
shall be sub[ecL Lo and comply wlLh Lhe requlremenLs of Lhls AcL
(Sec 13 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 147 klqbts coofetteJ 1471 1he owner of a reglsLered
mark shall have Lhe excluslve rlghL Lo prevenL all Lhlrd parLles noL
havlng Lhe owners consenL from uslng ln Lhe course of Lrade
ldenLlcal or slmllar slgns or conLalners for goods or servlces whlch
are ldenLlcal or slmllar Lo Lhose ln respecL of whlch Lhe Lrademark
ls reglsLered where such use would resulL ln a llkellhood of
confuslon ln case of Lhe use of an ldenLlcal slgn for ldenLlcal goods
or servlces a llkellhood of confuslon shall be presumed
1472 1he excluslve rlghL of Lhe owner of a wellknown mark
deflned ln SubsecLlon 1231(e) whlch ls reglsLered ln Lhe
hlllpplnes shall exLend Lo goods and servlces whlch are noL
slmllar Lo Lhose ln respecL of whlch Lhe mark ls reglsLered
rovlded 1haL use of LhaL mark ln relaLlon Lo Lhose goods or
servlces would lndlcaLe a connecLlon beLween Lhose goods or
servlces and Lhe owner of Lhe reglsLered mark rovlded furLher
1haL Lhe lnLeresLs of Lhe owner of Lhe reglsLered mark are llkely Lo
be damaged by such use (n)
Sect|on 148 Dse of oJlcotloos by 1bltJ lottles fot ltposes Otbet
tboo tbose fot wblcb tbe Motk ls DseJ 8eglsLraLlon of Lhe mark
shall noL confer on Lhe reglsLered owner Lhe rlghL Lo preclude Lhlrd
parLles from uslng bona flde Lhelr names addresses pseudonyms
a geographlcal name or exacL lndlcaLlons concernlng Lhe klnd
quallLy quanLlLy desLlnaLlon value place of orlgln or Llme of
producLlon or of supply of Lhelr goods or servlces rovlded 1haL
such use ls conflned Lo Lhe purposes of mere ldenLlflcaLlon or
lnformaLlon and cannoL mlslead Lhe publlc as Lo Lhe source of Lhe
goods or servlces (n)
Sect|on 149 Asslqomeot ooJ 1toosfet of Appllcotloo ooJ
keqlsttotloo 1491 An appllcaLlon for reglsLraLlon of a mark or
lLs reglsLraLlon may be asslgned or Lransferred wlLh or wlLhouL Lhe
Lransfer of Lhe buslness uslng Lhe mark (n)
1492 Such asslgnmenL or Lransfer shall however be null and vold
lf lL ls llable Lo mlslead Lhe publlc parLlcularly as regards Lhe
naLure source manufacLurlng process characLerlsLlcs or
sulLablllLy for Lhelr purpose of Lhe goods or servlces Lo whlch Lhe
mark ls applled
1493 1he asslgnmenL of Lhe appllcaLlon for reglsLraLlon of a mark
or of lLs reglsLraLlon shall be ln wrlLlng and requlre Lhe slgnaLures
of Lhe conLracLlng parLles 1ransfers by mergers or oLher forms of
successlon may be made by any documenL supporLlng such
Lransfer
1494 AsslgnmenLs and Lransfers of reglsLraLlons of marks shall be

recorded aL Lhe Cfflce on paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee
asslgnmenL and Lransfers of appllcaLlons for reglsLraLlon shall on
paymenL of Lhe same fee be provlslonally recorded and Lhe mark
when reglsLered shall be ln Lhe name of Lhe asslgnee or
Lransferee
1493 AsslgnmenLs and Lransfers shall have no effecL agalnsL Lhlrd
parLles unLll Lhey are recorded aL Lhe Cfflce (Sec 31 8A no
166a)
Sect|on 1S0 llceose coottocts 1301 Any llcense conLracL
concernlng Lhe reglsLraLlon of a mark or an appllcaLlon Lherefor
shall provlde for effecLlve conLrol by Lhe llcensor of Lhe quallLy of
Lhe goods or servlces of Lhe llcensee ln connecLlon wlLh whlch Lhe
mark ls used lf Lhe llcense conLracL does noL provlde for such
quallLy conLrol or lf such quallLy conLrol ls noL effecLlvely carrled
ouL Lhe llcense conLracL shall noL be valld
1302 A llcense conLracL shall be submlLLed Lo Lhe Cfflce whlch
shall keep lLs conLenLs confldenLlal buL shall record lL and publlsh a
reference LhereLo A llcense conLracL shall have no effecL agalnsL
Lhlrd parLles unLll such recordlng ls effecLed 1he 8egulaLlons shall
flx Lhe procedure for Lhe recordlng of Lhe llcense conLracL (n)
Sect|on 1S1 coocellotloo 1311 A peLlLlon Lo cancel a
reglsLraLlon of a mark under Lhls AcL may be flled wlLh Lhe 8ureau
of Legal Affalrs by any person who belleves LhaL he ls or wlll be
damaged by Lhe reglsLraLlon of a mark under Lhls AcL as follows
(a) WlLhln flve (3) years from Lhe daLe of Lhe reglsLraLlon
of Lhe mark under Lhls AcL
(b) AL any Llme lf Lhe reglsLered mark becomes Lhe
generlc name for Lhe goods or servlces or a porLlon
Lhereof for whlch lL ls reglsLered or has been
abandoned or lLs reglsLraLlon was obLalned fraudulenLly
or conLrary Lo Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL or lf Lhe
reglsLered mark ls belng used by or wlLh Lhe permlsslon
of Lhe reglsLranL so as Lo mlsrepresenL Lhe source of Lhe
goods or servlces on or ln connecLlon wlLh whlch Lhe
mark ls used lf Lhe reglsLered mark becomes Lhe generlc
name for less Lhan all of Lhe goods or servlces for whlch
lL ls reglsLered a peLlLlon Lo cancel Lhe reglsLraLlon for
only Lhose goods or servlces may be flled A reglsLered
mark shall noL be deemed Lo be Lhe generlc name of
goods or servlces solely because such mark ls also used
as a name of or Lo ldenLlfy a unlque producL or servlce
1he prlmary slgnlflcance of Lhe reglsLered mark Lo Lhe
relevanL publlc raLher Lhan purchaser moLlvaLlon shall be
Lhe LesL for deLermlnlng wheLher Lhe reglsLered mark
has become Lhe generlc name of goods or servlces on or
ln connecLlon wlLh whlch lL has been used (n)
(c) AL any Llme lf Lhe reglsLered owner of Lhe mark
wlLhouL leglLlmaLe reason falls Lo use Lhe mark wlLhln
Lhe hlllpplnes or Lo cause lL Lo be used ln Lhe
hlllpplnes by vlrLue of a llcense durlng an unlnLerrupLed
perlod of Lhree (3) years or longer
1312 noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe foregolng provlslons Lhe courL or Lhe
admlnlsLraLlve agency vesLed wlLh [urlsdlcLlon Lo hear and
ad[udlcaLe any acLlon Lo enforce Lhe rlghLs Lo a reglsLered mark
shall llkewlse exerclse [urlsdlcLlon Lo deLermlne wheLher Lhe
reglsLraLlon of sald mark may be cancelled ln accordance wlLh Lhls
AcL 1he flllng of a sulL Lo enforce Lhe reglsLered mark wlLh Lhe
proper courL or agency shall exclude any oLher courL or agency
from assumlng [urlsdlcLlon over a subsequenLly flled peLlLlon Lo
cancel Lhe same mark Cn Lhe oLher hand Lhe earller flllng of
peLlLlon Lo cancel Lhe mark wlLh Lhe 8ureau of Legal Affalrs shall
noL consLlLuLe a pre[udlclal quesLlon LhaL musL be resolved before
an acLlon Lo enforce Lhe rlghLs Lo same reglsLered mark may be
declded (Sec 17 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 1S2 -oose of o Motk wbeo xcseJ 1321 nonuse of
a mark may be excused lf caused by clrcumsLances arlslng
lndependenLly of Lhe wlll of Lhe Lrademark owner Lack of funds
shall noL excuse nonuse of a mark
1322 1he use of Lhe mark ln a form dlfferenL from Lhe form ln
whlch lL ls reglsLered whlch does noL alLer lLs dlsLlncLlve characLer
shall noL be ground for cancellaLlon or removal of Lhe mark and
shall noL dlmlnlsh Lhe proLecLlon granLed Lo Lhe mark
1323 1he use of a mark ln connecLlon wlLh one or more of Lhe
goods or servlces belonglng Lo Lhe class ln respecL of whlch Lhe
mark ls reglsLered shall prevenL lLs cancellaLlon or removal ln
respecL of all oLher goods or servlces of Lhe same class
1324 1he use of a mark by a company relaLed wlLh Lhe reglsLranL
or appllcanL shall lnure Lo Lhe laLLers beneflL and such use shall
noL affecL Lhe valldlLy of such mark or of lLs reglsLraLlon rovlded
1haL such mark ls noL used ln such manner as Lo decelve Lhe
publlc lf use of a mark by a person ls conLrolled by Lhe reglsLranL
or appllcanL wlLh respecL Lo Lhe naLure and quallLy of Lhe goods or
servlces such use shall lnure Lo Lhe beneflL of Lhe reglsLranL or
appllcanL (n)
Sect|on 1S3 kepltemeots of letltloo -otlce ooJ neotloq
lnsofar as appllcable Lhe peLlLlon for cancellaLlon shall be ln Lhe
same form as LhaL provlded ln SecLlon 134 hereof and noLlce and
hearlng shall be as provlded ln SecLlon 133 hereof
Sect|on 1S4 coocellotloo of keqlsttotloo lf Lhe 8ureau of Legal
Affalrs flnds LhaL a case for cancellaLlon has been made ouL lL shall
order Lhe cancellaLlon of Lhe reglsLraLlon When Lhe order or
[udgmenL becomes flnal any rlghL conferred by such reglsLraLlon
upon Lhe reglsLranL or any person ln lnLeresL of record shall
LermlnaLe noLlce of cancellaLlon shall be publlshed ln Lhe lC
CazeLLe (Sec 19 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 1SS kemeJles oftloqemeot Any person who shall
wlLhouL Lhe consenL of Lhe owner of Lhe reglsLered mark
1331 use ln commerce any reproducLlon counLerfelL copy or
colorable lmlLaLlon of a reglsLered mark or Lhe same conLalner or a
domlnanL feaLure Lhereof ln connecLlon wlLh Lhe sale offerlng for
sale dlsLrlbuLlon adverLlslng of any goods or servlces lncludlng
oLher preparaLory sLeps necessary Lo carry ouL Lhe sale of any

goods or servlces on or ln connecLlon wlLh whlch such use ls llkely
Lo cause confuslon or Lo cause mlsLake or Lo decelve or
1332 8eproduce counLerfelL copy or colorably lmlLaLe a
reglsLered mark or a domlnanL feaLure Lhereof and apply such
reproducLlon counLerfelL copy or colorable lmlLaLlon Lo labels
slgns prlnLs packages wrappers recepLacles or adverLlsemenLs
lnLended Lo be used ln commerce upon or ln connecLlon wlLh Lhe
sale offerlng for sale dlsLrlbuLlon or adverLlslng of goods or
servlces on or ln connecLlon wlLh whlch such use ls llkely Lo cause
confuslon or Lo cause mlsLake or Lo decelve shall be llable ln a
clvll acLlon for lnfrlngemenL by Lhe reglsLranL for Lhe remedles
herelnafLer seL forLh rovlded 1haL Lhe lnfrlngemenL Lakes place
aL Lhe momenL any of Lhe acLs sLaLed ln SubsecLlon 1331 or Lhls
subsecLlon are commlLLed regardless of wheLher Lhere ls acLual
sale of goods or servlces uslng Lhe lnfrlnglng maLerlal (Sec 22
8A no 166a)
Sect|on 1S6 Actloos ooJ omoqes ooJ ojoctloo fot
oftloqemeot 1361 1he owner of a reglsLered mark may recover
damages from any person who lnfrlnges hls rlghLs and Lhe
measure of Lhe damages suffered shall be elLher Lhe reasonable
proflL whlch Lhe complalnlng parLy would have made had Lhe
defendanL noL lnfrlnged hls rlghLs or Lhe proflL whlch Lhe
defendanL acLually made ouL of Lhe lnfrlngemenL or ln Lhe evenL
such measure of damages cannoL be readlly ascerLalned wlLh
reasonable cerLalnLy Lhen Lhe courL may award as damages a
reasonable percenLage based upon Lhe amounL of gross sales of
Lhe defendanL or Lhe value of Lhe servlces ln connecLlon wlLh
whlch Lhe mark or Lrade name was used ln Lhe lnfrlngemenL of Lhe
rlghLs of Lhe complalnlng parLy (Sec 23 flrsL par 8A no 166a)
1362 Cn appllcaLlon of Lhe complalnanL Lhe courL may lmpound
durlng Lhe pendency of Lhe acLlon sales lnvolces and oLher
documenLs evldenclng sales (n)
1363 ln cases where acLual lnLenL Lo mlslead Lhe publlc or Lo
defraud Lhe complalnanL ls shown ln Lhe dlscreLlon of Lhe courL
Lhe damages may be doubled (Sec 23 flrsL par 8A no 166)
1364 1he complalnanL upon proper showlng may also be
granLed ln[uncLlon (Sec 23 second par 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 1S7 lowet of cott to OtJet oftloqloq Motetlol
esttoyeJ 1371 ln any acLlon arlslng under Lhls AcL ln whlch a
vlolaLlon of any rlghL of Lhe owner of Lhe reglsLered mark ls
esLabllshed Lhe courL may order LhaL goods found Lo be lnfrlnglng
be wlLhouL compensaLlon of any sorL dlsposed of ouLslde Lhe
channels of commerce ln such a manner as Lo avold any harm
caused Lo Lhe rlghL holder or desLroyed and all labels slgns
prlnLs packages wrappers recepLacles and adverLlsemenLs ln Lhe
possesslon of Lhe defendanL bearlng Lhe reglsLered mark or Lrade
name or any reproducLlon counLerfelL copy or colorable lmlLaLlon
Lhereof all plaLes molds maLrlces and oLher means of maklng Lhe
same shall be dellvered up and desLroyed
1372 ln regard Lo counLerfelL goods Lhe slmple removal of Lhe
Lrademark afflxed shall noL be sufflclenL oLher Lhan ln excepLlonal
cases whlch shall be deLermlned by Lhe 8egulaLlons Lo permlL Lhe
release of Lhe goods lnLo Lhe channels of commerce (Sec 24 8A
no 166a)
Sect|on 1S8 omoqes kepltemeot of -otlce ln any sulL for
lnfrlngemenL Lhe owner of Lhe reglsLered mark shall noL be
enLlLled Lo recover proflLs or damages unless Lhe acLs have been
commlLLed wlLh knowledge LhaL such lmlLaLlon ls llkely Lo cause
confuslon or Lo cause mlsLake or Lo decelve Such knowledge ls
presumed lf Lhe reglsLranL glves noLlce LhaL hls mark ls reglsLered
by dlsplaylng wlLh Lhe mark Lhe words 8eglsLered Mark or Lhe
leLLer 8 wlLhln a clrcle or lf Lhe defendanL had oLherwlse acLual
noLlce of Lhe reglsLraLlon (Sec 21 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 1S9 llmltotloos to Actloos fot oftloqemeot
noLwlLhsLandlng any oLher provlslon of Lhls AcL Lhe remedles
glven Lo Lhe owner of a rlghL lnfrlnged under Lhls AcL shall be
llmlLed as follows
1391 noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe provlslons of SecLlon 133 hereof a
reglsLered mark shall have no effecL agalnsL any person who ln
good falLh before Lhe flllng daLe or Lhe prlorlLy daLe was uslng Lhe
mark for Lhe purposes of hls buslness or enLerprlse rovlded 1haL
hls rlghL may only be Lransferred or asslgned LogeLher wlLh hls
enLerprlse or buslness or wlLh LhaL parL of hls enLerprlse or
buslness ln whlch Lhe mark ls used
1392 Where an lnfrlnger who ls engaged solely ln Lhe buslness of
prlnLlng Lhe mark or oLher lnfrlnglng maLerlals for oLhers ls an
lnnocenL lnfrlnger Lhe owner of Lhe rlghL lnfrlnged shall be
enLlLled as agalnsL such lnfrlnger only Lo an ln[uncLlon agalnsL
fuLure prlnLlng
1393 Where Lhe lnfrlngemenL complalned of ls conLalned ln or ls
parL of pald adverLlsemenL ln a newspaper magazlne or oLher
slmllar perlodlcal or ln an elecLronlc communlcaLlon Lhe remedles
of Lhe owner of Lhe rlghL lnfrlnged as agalnsL Lhe publlsher or
dlsLrlbuLor of such newspaper magazlne or oLher slmllar
perlodlcal or elecLronlc communlcaLlon shall be llmlLed Lo an
ln[uncLlon agalnsL Lhe presenLaLlon of such adverLlslng maLLer ln
fuLure lssues of such newspapers magazlnes or oLher slmllar
perlodlcals or ln fuLure Lransmlsslons of such elecLronlc
communlcaLlons 1he llmlLaLlons of Lhls subparagraph shall apply
only Lo lnnocenL lnfrlngers rovlded 1haL such ln[uncLlve rellef
shall noL be avallable Lo Lhe owner of Lhe rlghL lnfrlnged wlLh
respecL Lo an lssue of a newspaper magazlne or oLher slmllar
perlodlcal or an elecLronlc communlcaLlon conLalnlng lnfrlnglng
maLLer where resLralnlng Lhe dlssemlnaLlon of such lnfrlnglng
maLLer ln any parLlcular lssue of such perlodlcal or ln an elecLronlc
communlcaLlon would delay Lhe dellvery of such lssue or
Lransmlsslon of such elecLronlc communlcaLlon ls cusLomarlly
conducLed ln accordance wlLh Lhe sound buslness pracLlce and
noL due Lo any meLhod or devlce adopLed Lo evade Lhls secLlon or
Lo prevenL or delay Lhe lssuance of an ln[uncLlon or resLralnlng
order wlLh respecL Lo such lnfrlnglng maLLer (n)
Sect|on 160 klqbt of otelqo cotpototloo to 5e lo 1toJemotk ot
5etvlce Motk ofotcemeot Actloo Any forelgn naLlonal or
[urldlcal person who meeLs Lhe requlremenLs of SecLlon 3 of Lhls
AcL and does noL engage ln buslness ln Lhe hlllpplnes may brlng a
clvll or admlnlsLraLlve acLlon hereunder for opposlLlon

cancellaLlon lnfrlngemenL unfalr compeLlLlon or false deslgnaLlon
of orlgln and false descrlpLlon wheLher or noL lL ls llcensed Lo do
buslness ln Lhe hlllpplnes under exlsLlng laws (Sec 21A 8A no
166a)
Sect|on 161 Atbotlty to etetmloe klqbt to keqlsttotloo ln any
acLlon lnvolvlng a reglsLered mark Lhe courL may deLermlne Lhe
rlghL Lo reglsLraLlon order Lhe cancellaLlon of a reglsLraLlon ln
whole or ln parL and oLherwlse recLlfy Lhe reglsLer wlLh respecL Lo
Lhe reglsLraLlon of any parLy Lo Lhe acLlon ln Lhe exerclse of Lhls
!udgmenL and orders shall be cerLlfled by Lhe courL Lo Lhe
ulrecLor who shall make approprlaLe enLry upon Lhe records of
Lhe 8ureau and shall be conLrolled Lhereby (Sec 23 8A no
166a)
Sect|on 162 Actloo fot olse ot toJleot eclototloo Any
person who shall procure reglsLraLlon ln Lhe Cfflce of a mark by a
false or fraudulenL declaraLlon or represenLaLlon wheLher oral or
ln wrlLlng or by any false means shall be llable ln a clvll acLlon by
any person ln[ured Lhereby for any damages susLalned ln
consequence Lhereof (Sec 26 8A no 166)
Sect|on 163 tlsJlctloo of cott All acLlons under SecLlons 130
133 164 and 166 Lo 169 shall be broughL before Lhe proper
courLs wlLh approprlaLe [urlsdlcLlon under exlsLlng laws (Sec 27
8A no 166)
Sect|on 164 -otlce of llloq 5lt Clveo to tbe ltectot lL shall be
Lhe duLy of Lhe clerks of such courLs wlLhln one (1) monLh afLer Lhe
flllng of any acLlon sulL or proceedlng lnvolvlng a mark reglsLered
under Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL Lo noLlfy Lhe ulrecLor ln wrlLlng
seLLlng forLh Lhe names and addresses of Lhe llLlganLs and
deslgnaLlng Lhe number of Lhe reglsLraLlon or reglsLraLlons and
wlLhln one (1) monLh afLer Lhe [udgmenL ls enLered or an appeal ls
Laken Lhe clerk of courL shall glve noLlce Lhereof Lo Lhe Cfflce and
Lhe laLLer shall endorse Lhe same upon Lhe fllewrapper of Lhe sald
reglsLraLlon or reglsLraLlons and lncorporaLe Lhe same as a parL of
Lhe conLenLs of sald fllewrapper (n)
Sect|on 16S 1toJe -omes ot 8sloess -omes 1631 A name or
deslgnaLlon may noL be used as a Lrade name lf by lLs naLure or
Lhe use Lo whlch such name or deslgnaLlon may be puL lL ls
conLrary Lo publlc order or morals and lf ln parLlcular lL ls llable Lo
decelve Lrade clrcles or Lhe publlc as Lo Lhe naLure of Lhe
enLerprlse ldenLlfled by LhaL name
1632(a) noLwlLhsLandlng any laws or regulaLlons provldlng for
any obllgaLlon Lo reglsLer Lrade names such names shall be
proLecLed even prlor Lo or wlLhouL reglsLraLlon agalnsL any
unlawful acL commlLLed by Lhlrd parLles
(b) ln parLlcular any subsequenL use of Lhe Lrade name
by a Lhlrd parLy wheLher as a Lrade name or a mark or
collecLlve mark or any such use of a slmllar Lrade name
or mark llkely Lo mlslead Lhe publlc shall be deemed
unlawful
1633 1he remedles provlded for ln SecLlons 133 Lo 136 and
SecLlons 166 and 167 shall apply muLaLls muLandls
1634 Any change ln Lhe ownershlp of a Lrade name shall be made
wlLh Lhe Lransfer of Lhe enLerprlse or parL Lhereof ldenLlfled by
LhaL name 1he provlslons of SubsecLlons 1492 Lo 1494 shall
apply muLaLls muLandls
Sect|on 166 CooJs 8eotloq oftloqloq Motks ot 1toJe -omes no
arLlcle of lmporLed merchandlse whlch shall copy or slmulaLe Lhe
name of any domesLlc producL or manufacLurer or dealer or
whlch shall copy or slmulaLe a mark reglsLered ln accordance wlLh
Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL or shall bear a mark or Lrade name
calculaLed Lo lnduce Lhe publlc Lo belleve LhaL Lhe arLlcle ls
manufacLured ln Lhe hlllpplnes or LhaL lL ls manufacLured ln any
forelgn counLry or locallLy oLher Lhan Lhe counLry or locallLy where
lL ls ln facL manufacLured shall be admlLLed Lo enLry aL any
cusLomhouse of Lhe hlllpplnes ln order Lo ald Lhe offlcers of Lhe
cusLoms servlce ln enforclng Lhls prohlblLlon any person who ls
enLlLled Lo Lhe beneflLs of Lhls AcL may requlre LhaL hls name and
resldence and Lhe name of Lhe locallLy ln whlch hls goods are
manufacLured a copy of Lhe cerLlflcaLe of reglsLraLlon of hls mark
or Lrade name Lo be recorded ln books whlch shall be kepL for Lhls
purpose ln Lhe 8ureau of CusLoms under such regulaLlons as Lhe
CollecLor of CusLoms wlLh Lhe approval of Lhe SecreLary of llnance
shall prescrlbe and may furnlsh Lo Lhe sald 8ureau facslmlles of
hls name Lhe name of Lhe locallLy ln whlch hls goods are
manufacLured or hls reglsLered mark or Lrade name and
Lhereupon Lhe CollecLor of CusLoms shall cause one (1) or more
coples of Lhe same Lo be LransmlLLed Lo each collecLor or Lo oLher
proper offlcer of Lhe 8ureau of CusLoms (Sec 33 8A no 166)
Sect|on 167 collectlve Motks 1671 Sub[ecL Lo SubsecLlons
1672 and 1673 SecLlons 122 Lo 164 and 166 shall apply Lo
collecLlve marks excepL LhaL references Lhereln Lo mark shall be
read as collecLlve mark
1672(a) An appllcaLlon for reglsLraLlon of a collecLlve mark shall
deslgnaLe Lhe mark as a collecLlve mark and shall be accompanled
by a copy of Lhe agreemenL lf any governlng Lhe use of Lhe
collecLlve mark
(b) 1he reglsLered owner of a collecLlve mark shall noLlfy
Lhe ulrecLor of any changes made ln respecL of Lhe
agreemenL referred Lo ln paragraph (a)
1673 ln addlLlon Lo Lhe grounds provlded ln SecLlon 149 Lhe
CourL shall cancel Lhe reglsLraLlon of a collecLlve mark lf Lhe
person requesLlng Lhe cancellaLlon proves LhaL only Lhe reglsLered
owner uses Lhe mark or LhaL he uses or permlLs lLs use ln
conLravenLlon of Lhe agreemenLs referred Lo ln SubsecLlon 1662
or LhaL he uses or permlLs lLs use ln a manner llable Lo decelve
Lrade clrcles or Lhe publlc as Lo Lhe orlgln or any oLher common
characLerlsLlcs of Lhe goods or servlces concerned
1674 1he reglsLraLlon of a collecLlve mark or an appllcaLlon
Lherefor shall noL be Lhe sub[ecL of a llcense conLracL (Sec 40
8A no 166a)
Sect|on 168 Dofolt competltloo klqbts keqlotloo ooJ
kemeJles 1681 A person who has ldenLlfled ln Lhe mlnd of Lhe
publlc Lhe goods he manufacLures or deals ln hls buslness or

servlces from Lhose of oLhers wheLher or noL a reglsLered mark ls
employed has a properLy rlghL ln Lhe goodwlll of Lhe sald goods
buslness or servlces so ldenLlfled whlch wlll be proLecLed ln Lhe
same manner as oLher properLy rlghLs
1682 Any person who shall employ decepLlon or any oLher means
conLrary Lo good falLh by whlch he shall pass off Lhe goods
manufacLured by hlm or ln whlch he deals or hls buslness or
servlces for Lhose of Lhe one havlng esLabllshed such goodwlll or
who shall commlL any acLs calculaLed Lo produce sald resulL shall
be gullLy of unfalr compeLlLlon and shall be sub[ecL Lo an acLlon
Lherefor
1683 ln parLlcular and wlLhouL ln any way llmlLlng Lhe scope of
proLecLlon agalnsL unfalr compeLlLlon Lhe followlng shall be
deemed gullLy of unfalr compeLlLlon
(a) Any person who ls selllng hls goods and glves Lhem
Lhe general appearance of goods of anoLher
manufacLurer or dealer elLher as Lo Lhe goods
Lhemselves or ln Lhe wrapplng of Lhe packages ln whlch
Lhey are conLalned or Lhe devlces or words Lhereon or
ln any oLher feaLure of Lhelr appearance whlch would
be llkely Lo lnfluence purchasers Lo belleve LhaL Lhe
goods offered are Lhose of a manufacLurer or dealer
oLher Lhan Lhe acLual manufacLurer or dealer or who
oLherwlse cloLhes Lhe goods wlLh such appearance as
shall decelve Lhe publlc and defraud anoLher of hls
leglLlmaLe Lrade or any subsequenL vendor of such
goods or any agenL of any vendor engaged ln selllng such
goods wlLh a llke purpose
(b) Any person who by any arLlflce or devlce or who
employs any oLher means calculaLed Lo lnduce Lhe false
bellef LhaL such person ls offerlng Lhe servlces of anoLher
who has ldenLlfled such servlces ln Lhe mlnd of Lhe
publlc or
(c) Any person who shall make any false sLaLemenL ln Lhe
course of Lrade or who shall commlL any oLher acL
conLrary Lo good falLh of a naLure calculaLed Lo dlscredlL
Lhe goods buslness or servlces of anoLher
1684 1he remedles provlded by SecLlons 136 137 and 161 shall
apply muLaLls muLandls (Sec 29 8A no 166a)
Sect|on 169 olse eslqootloos of Otlqlo olse esctlptloo ot
kepteseototloo 1691 Any person who on or ln connecLlon wlLh
any goods or servlces or any conLalner for goods uses ln
commerce any word Lerm name symbol or devlce or any
comblnaLlon Lhereof or any false deslgnaLlon of orlgln false or
mlsleadlng descrlpLlon of facL or false or mlsleadlng
represenLaLlon of facL whlch
(a) ls llkely Lo cause confuslon or Lo cause mlsLake or Lo
decelve as Lo Lhe afflllaLlon connecLlon or assoclaLlon of
such person wlLh anoLher person or as Lo Lhe orlgln
sponsorshlp or approval of hls or her goods servlces or
commerclal acLlvlLles by anoLher person or
(b) ln commerclal adverLlslng or promoLlon
mlsrepresenLs Lhe naLure characLerlsLlcs quallLles or
geographlc orlgln of hls or her or anoLher persons
goods servlces or commerclal acLlvlLles shall be llable
Lo a clvll acLlon for damages and ln[uncLlon provlded ln
SecLlons 136 and 137 of Lhls AcL by any person who
belleves LhaL he or she ls or ls llkely Lo be damaged by
such acL
1692 Any goods marked or labelled ln conLravenLlon of Lhe
provlslons of Lhls SecLlon shall noL be lmporLed lnLo Lhe hlllpplnes
or admlLLed enLry aL any cusLomhouse of Lhe hlllpplnes 1he
owner lmporLer or conslgnee of goods refused enLry aL any
cusLomhouse under Lhls secLlon may have any recourse under Lhe
cusLoms revenue laws or may have Lhe remedy glven by Lhls AcL ln
cases lnvolvlng goods refused enLry or selzed (Sec 30 8A no
166a)
Sect|on 170 leooltles lndependenL of Lhe clvll and
admlnlsLraLlve sancLlons lmposed by law a crlmlnal penalLy of
lmprlsonmenL from Lwo (2) years Lo flve (3) years and a flne
ranglng from llfLy Lhousand pesos (30000) Lo 1wo hundred
Lhousand pesos(200000) shall be lmposed on any person who ls
found gullLy of commlLLlng any of Lhe acLs menLloned ln SecLlon
133 SecLlon 168 and SubsecLlon 1691 (ArLs 188 and 189
8evlsed enal Code)
Ak1 IV
1nL LAW CN CCkIGn1
CnA1Lk I
kLLIMINAk kCVISICNS
Sect|on 171 efloltloos lor Lhe purpose of Lhls AcL Lhe
followlng Lerms have Lhe followlng meanlng
1711 AuLhor ls Lhe naLural person who has creaLed Lhe work
1712 A collecLlve work ls a work whlch has been creaLed by Lwo
(2) or more naLural persons aL Lhe lnlLlaLlve and under Lhe
dlrecLlon of anoLher wlLh Lhe undersLandlng LhaL lL wlll be
dlsclosed by Lhe laLLer under hls own name and LhaL conLrlbuLlng
naLural persons wlll noL be ldenLlfled
1713 CommunlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc or communlcaLe Lo Lhe
publlc means Lhe maklng of a work avallable Lo Lhe publlc by wlre
or wlreless means ln such a way LhaL members of Lhe publlc may
access Lhese works from a place and Llme lndlvldually chosen by
Lhem
1714 A compuLer ls an elecLronlc or slmllar devlce havlng
lnformaLlonprocesslng capablllLles and a compuLer program ls
a seL of lnsLrucLlons expressed ln words codes schemes or ln any
oLher form whlch ls capable when lncorporaLed ln a medlum LhaL
Lhe compuLer can read of causlng Lhe compuLer Lo perform or
achleve a parLlcular Lask or resulL
1713 ubllc lendlng ls Lhe Lransfer of possesslon of Lhe orlglnal
or a copy of a work or sound recordlng for a llmlLed perlod for

nonproflL purposes by an lnsLlLuLlon Lhe servlces of whlch are
avallable Lo Lhe publlc such as publlc llbrary or archlve
1716 ubllc performance ln Lhe case of a work oLher Lhan an
audlovlsual work ls Lhe reclLaLlon playlng danclng acLlng or
oLherwlse performlng Lhe work elLher dlrecLly or by means of any
devlce or process ln Lhe case of an audlovlsual work Lhe showlng
of lLs lmages ln sequence and Lhe maklng of Lhe sounds
accompanylng lL audlble and ln Lhe case of a sound recordlng
maklng Lhe recorded sounds audlble aL a place or aL places where
persons ouLslde Lhe normal clrcle of a famlly and LhaL famllys
closesL soclal acqualnLances are or can be presenL lrrespecLlve of
wheLher Lhey are or can be presenL aL Lhe same place and aL Lhe
same Llme or aL dlfferenL places and/or aL dlfferenL Llmes and
where Lhe performance can be percelved wlLhouL Lhe need for
communlcaLlon wlLhln Lhe meanlng of SubsecLlon 1713
1717 ubllshed works means works whlch wlLh Lhe consenL of
Lhe auLhors are made avallable Lo Lhe publlc by wlre or wlreless
means ln such a way LhaL members of Lhe publlc may access Lhese
works from a place and Llme lndlvldually chosen by Lhem
rovlded 1haL avallablllLy of such coples has been such as Lo
saLlsfy Lhe reasonable requlremenLs of Lhe publlc havlng regard Lo
Lhe naLure of Lhe work
1718 8enLal ls Lhe Lransfer of Lhe possesslon of Lhe orlglnal or a
copy of a work or a sound recordlng for a llmlLed perlod of Llme
for proflLmaklng purposes
1719 8eproducLlon ls Lhe maklng of one (1) or more coples of a
work or a sound recordlng ln any manner or form (Sec 41 (L) u
no 49 a)
17110 A work of applled arL ls an arLlsLlc creaLlon wlLh
uLlllLarlan funcLlons or lncorporaLed ln a useful arLlcle wheLher
made by hand or produced on an lndusLrlal scale
17111 A work of Lhe CovernmenL of Lhe hlllpplnes ls a work
creaLed by an offlcer or employee of Lhe hlllpplne CovernmenL or
any of lLs subdlvlslons and lnsLrumenLallLles lncludlng
governmenLowned or conLrolled corporaLlons as a parL of hls
regularly prescrlbed offlclal duLles
CnA1Lk II
CkIGINAL WCkkS
Sect|on 172 lltetoty ooJ Attlstlc wotks 1721 LlLerary and
arLlsLlc works herelnafLer referred Lo as works are orlglnal
lnLellecLual creaLlons ln Lhe llLerary and arLlsLlc domaln proLecLed
from Lhe momenL of Lhelr creaLlon and shall lnclude ln parLlcular
(a) 8ooks pamphleLs arLlcles and oLher wrlLlngs
(b) erlodlcals and newspapers
(c) LecLures sermons addresses dlsserLaLlons prepared
for oral dellvery wheLher or noL reduced ln wrlLlng or
oLher maLerlal form
(d) LeLLers
(e) uramaLlc or dramaLlcomuslcal composlLlons
choreographlc works or enLerLalnmenL ln dumb shows
(f) Muslcal composlLlons wlLh or wlLhouL words
(g) Works of drawlng palnLlng archlLecLure sculpLure
engravlng llLhography or oLher works of arL models or
deslgns for works of arL
(h) Crlglnal ornamenLal deslgns or models for arLlcles of
manufacLure wheLher or noL reglsLrable as an lndusLrlal
deslgn and oLher works of applled arL
(l) lllusLraLlons maps plans skeLches charLs and Lhree
dlmenslonal works relaLlve Lo geography Lopography
archlLecLure or sclence
([) urawlngs or plasLlc works of a sclenLlflc or Lechnlcal
characLer
(k) hoLographlc works lncludlng works produced by a
process analogous Lo phoLography lanLern slldes
(l) Audlovlsual works and clnemaLographlc works and
works produced by a process analogous Lo
clnemaLography or any process for maklng audlovlsual
recordlngs
(m) lcLorlal lllusLraLlons and adverLlsemenLs
(n) CompuLer programs and
(o) CLher llLerary scholarly sclenLlflc and arLlsLlc works
1722 Works are proLecLed by Lhe sole facL of Lhelr creaLlon
lrrespecLlve of Lhelr mode or form of expresslon as well as of Lhelr
conLenL quallLy and purpose (Sec 2 u no 49a)
CnA1Lk III
DLkIVA1IVL WCkkS
Sect|on 173 etlvotlve wotks 1731 1he followlng derlvaLlve
works shall also be proLecLed by copyrlghL
(a) uramaLlzaLlons LranslaLlons adapLaLlons
abrldgmenLs arrangemenLs and oLher alLeraLlons of
llLerary or arLlsLlc works and
(b) CollecLlons of llLerary scholarly or arLlsLlc works and
compllaLlons of daLa and oLher maLerlals whlch are
orlglnal by reason of Lhe selecLlon or coordlnaLlon or
arrangemenL of Lhelr conLenLs (Sec 2 and C u
no 49)
1732 1he works referred Lo ln paragraphs (a) and (b) of

SubsecLlon 1731 shall be proLecLed as new works rovlded
however 1haL such new work shall noL affecL Lhe force of any
subslsLlng copyrlghL upon Lhe orlglnal works employed or any parL
Lhereof or be consLrued Lo lmply any rlghL Lo such use of Lhe
orlglnal works or Lo secure or exLend copyrlghL ln such orlglnal
works (Sec 8 u 49 ArL 10 18lS)
Sect|on 174 lbllsbeJ Jltloo of wotk ln addlLlon Lo Lhe rlghL Lo
publlsh granLed by Lhe auLhor hls helrs or asslgns Lhe publlsher
shall have a copyrlghL conslsLlng merely of Lhe rlghL of
reproducLlon of Lhe Lypographlcal arrangemenL of Lhe publlshed
edlLlon of Lhe work (n)
CnA1Lk IV
WCkkS NC1 kC1LC1LD
Sect|on 17S DoptotecteJ 5bject Mottet noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe
provlslons of SecLlons 172 and 173 no proLecLlon shall exLend
under Lhls law Lo any ldea procedure sysLem meLhod or
operaLlon concepL prlnclple dlscovery or mere daLa as such
even lf Lhey are expressed explalned lllusLraLed or embodled ln a
work news of Lhe day and oLher mlscellaneous facLs havlng Lhe
characLer of mere lLems of press lnformaLlon or any offlclal LexL of
a leglslaLlve admlnlsLraLlve or legal naLure as well as any offlclal
LranslaLlon Lhereof (n)
Sect|on 176 wotks of tbe Covetomeot 1761 no copyrlghL shall
subslsL ln any work of Lhe CovernmenL of Lhe hlllpplnes
Powever prlor approval of Lhe governmenL agency or offlce
whereln Lhe work ls creaLed shall be necessary for explolLaLlon of
such work for proflL Such agency or offlce may among oLher
Lhlngs lmpose as a condlLlon Lhe paymenL of royalLles no prlor
approval or condlLlons shall be requlred for Lhe use of any purpose
of sLaLuLes rules and regulaLlons and speeches lecLures
sermons addresses and dlsserLaLlons pronounced read or
rendered ln courLs of [usLlce before admlnlsLraLlve agencles ln
dellberaLlve assemblles and ln meeLlngs of publlc characLer (Sec
9 flrsL par u no 49)
1762 1he auLhor of speeches lecLures sermons addresses and
dlsserLaLlons menLloned ln Lhe precedlng paragraphs shall have
Lhe excluslve rlghL of maklng a collecLlon of hls works (n)
1763 noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe foregolng provlslons Lhe CovernmenL
ls noL precluded from recelvlng and holdlng copyrlghLs Lransferred
Lo lL by asslgnmenL bequesL or oLherwlse nor shall publlcaLlon or
republlcaLlon by Lhe CovernmenL ln a publlc documenL of any
work ln whlch copyrlghL ls subslsLlng be Laken Lo cause any
abrldgmenL or annulmenL of Lhe copyrlghL or Lo auLhorlze any use
or approprlaLlon of such work wlLhouL Lhe consenL of Lhe
copyrlghL owner (Sec 9 Lhlrd par u no 49)
CnA1Lk V
CCkIGn1 Ck LCCNCMIC kIGn1S
Sect|on 177 copytlqbt ot cooomlc klqbts Sub[ecL Lo Lhe
provlslons of ChapLer vlll copyrlghL or economlc rlghLs shall
conslsL of Lhe excluslve rlghL Lo carry ouL auLhorlze or prevenL Lhe
followlng acLs
1771 8eproducLlon of Lhe work or subsLanLlal porLlon of Lhe
work
1772 uramaLlzaLlon LranslaLlon adapLaLlon abrldgmenL
arrangemenL or oLher LransformaLlon of Lhe work
1773 1he flrsL publlc dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhe orlglnal and each copy of
Lhe work by sale or oLher forms of Lransfer of ownershlp
1774 8enLal of Lhe orlglnal or a copy of an audlovlsual or
clnemaLographlc work a work embodled ln a sound recordlng a
compuLer program a compllaLlon of daLa and oLher maLerlals or a
muslcal work ln graphlc form lrrespecLlve of Lhe ownershlp of Lhe
orlglnal or Lhe copy whlch ls Lhe sub[ecL of Lhe renLal (n)
1773 ubllc dlsplay of Lhe orlglnal or a copy of Lhe work
1776 ubllc performance of Lhe work and
1777 CLher communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc of Lhe work (Sec 3
u no 49a)
CnA1Lk VI
CWNLkSnI CI CCkIGn1
Sect|on 178 kles oo copytlqbt Owoetsblp CopyrlghL ownershlp
shall be governed by Lhe followlng rules
1781 Sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons of Lhls secLlon ln Lhe case of
orlglnal llLerary and arLlsLlc works copyrlghL shall belong Lo Lhe
auLhor of Lhe work
1782 ln Lhe case of works of [olnL auLhorshlp Lhe coauLhors shall
be Lhe orlglnal owners of Lhe copyrlghL and ln Lhe absence of
agreemenL Lhelr rlghLs shall be governed by Lhe rules on co
ownershlp lf however a work of [olnL auLhorshlp conslsLs of parLs
LhaL can be used separaLely and Lhe auLhor of each parL can be
ldenLlfled Lhe auLhor of each parL shall be Lhe orlglnal owner of
Lhe copyrlghL ln Lhe parL LhaL he has creaLed
1783 ln Lhe case of work creaLed by an auLhor durlng and ln Lhe
course of hls employmenL Lhe copyrlghL shall belong Lo
(a) 1he employee lf Lhe creaLlon of Lhe ob[ecL of
copyrlghL ls noL a parL of hls regular duLles even lf Lhe
employee uses Lhe Llme faclllLles and maLerlals of Lhe
employer
(b) 1he employer lf Lhe work ls Lhe resulL of Lhe
performance of hls regularlyasslgned duLles unless
Lhere ls an agreemenL express or lmplled Lo Lhe
conLrary
1784 ln Lhe case of a work commlssloned by a person oLher Lhan
an employer of Lhe auLhor and who pays for lL and Lhe work ls
made ln pursuance of Lhe commlsslon Lhe person who so
commlssloned Lhe work shall have ownershlp of Lhe work buL Lhe
copyrlghL LhereLo shall remaln wlLh Lhe creaLor unless Lhere ls a

wrlLLen sLlpulaLlon Lo Lhe conLrary
1783 ln Lhe case of audlovlsual work Lhe copyrlghL shall belong
Lo Lhe producer Lhe auLhor of Lhe scenarlo Lhe composer of Lhe
muslc Lhe fllm dlrecLor and Lhe auLhor of Lhe work so adapLed
Powever sub[ecL Lo conLrary or oLher sLlpulaLlons among Lhe
creaLors Lhe producer shall exerclse Lhe copyrlghL Lo an exLenL
requlred for Lhe exhlblLlon of Lhe work ln any manner excepL for
Lhe rlghL Lo collecL performlng llcense fees for Lhe performance of
muslcal composlLlons wlLh or wlLhouL words whlch are
lncorporaLed lnLo Lhe work and
1786 ln respecL of leLLers Lhe copyrlghL shall belong Lo Lhe wrlLer
sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons of ArLlcle 723 of Lhe Clvll Code (Sec 6
u no 49a)
Sect|on 179 Aoooymos ooJ lseJooymos wotks lor
purposes of Lhls AcL Lhe publlshers shall be deemed Lo represenL
Lhe auLhors of arLlcles and oLher wrlLlngs publlshed wlLhouL Lhe
names of Lhe auLhors or under pseudonyms unless Lhe conLrary
appears or Lhe pseudonyms or adopLed name leaves no doubL as
Lo Lhe auLhors ldenLlLy or lf Lhe auLhor of Lhe anonymous works
dlscloses hls ldenLlLy (Sec 7 u 49)
CnA1Lk VII
1kANSILk Ck ASSIGNMLN1 CI CCkIGn1
Sect|on 180 klqbts of Asslqoee 1801 1he copyrlghL may be
asslgned ln whole or ln parL WlLhln Lhe scope of Lhe asslgnmenL
Lhe asslgnee ls enLlLled Lo all Lhe rlghLs and remedles whlch Lhe
asslgnor had wlLh respecL Lo Lhe copyrlghL
1802 1he copyrlghL ls noL deemed asslgned lnLer vlvos ln whole
or ln parL unless Lhere ls a wrlLLen lndlcaLlon of such lnLenLlon
1803 1he submlsslon of a llLerary phoLographlc or arLlsLlc work
Lo a newspaper magazlne or perlodlcal for publlcaLlon shall
consLlLuLe only a llcense Lo make a slngle publlcaLlon unless a
greaLer rlghL ls expressly granLed lf Lwo (2) or more persons
[olnLly own a copyrlghL or any parL Lhereof nelLher of Lhe owners
shall be enLlLled Lo granL llcenses wlLhouL Lhe prlor wrlLLen
consenL of Lhe oLher owner or owners (Sec 13 u no 49a)
Sect|on 181 copytlqbt ooJ Motetlol Object 1he copyrlghL ls
dlsLlncL from Lhe properLy ln Lhe maLerlal ob[ecL sub[ecL Lo lL
ConsequenLly Lhe Lransfer or asslgnmenL of Lhe copyrlghL shall
noL lLself consLlLuLe a Lransfer of Lhe maLerlal ob[ecL nor shall a
Lransfer or asslgnmenL of Lhe sole copy or of one or several coples
of Lhe work lmply Lransfer or asslgnmenL of Lhe copyrlghL (Sec 16
u no 49)
Sect|on 182 llloq of Asslqomeot ot llceose An asslgnmenL or
excluslve llcense may be flled ln dupllcaLe wlLh Lhe naLlonal
Llbrary upon paymenL of Lhe prescrlbed fee for reglsLraLlon ln
books and records kepL for Lhe purpose upon recordlng a copy of
Lhe lnsLrumenL shall be reLurned Lo Lhe sender wlLh a noLaLlon of
Lhe facL of record noLlce of Lhe record shall be publlshed ln Lhe
lC CazeLLe (Sec 19 u no 49a)
Sect|on 183 eslqootloo of 5oclety 1he copyrlghL owners or
Lhelr helrs may deslgnaLe a socleLy of arLlsLs wrlLers or composers
Lo enforce Lhelr economlc rlghLs and moral rlghLs on Lhelr behalf
(Sec 32 u no 49a)
CnA1Lk VIII
LIMI1A1ICNS CN CCkIGn1
Sect|on 184 llmltotloos oo copytlqbt 1841 noLwlLhsLandlng
Lhe provlslons of ChapLer v Lhe followlng acLs shall noL consLlLuLe
lnfrlngemenL of copyrlghL
(a) 1he reclLaLlon or performance of a work once lL has
been lawfully made accesslble Lo Lhe publlc lf done
prlvaLely and free of charge or lf made sLrlcLly for a
charlLable or rellglous lnsLlLuLlon or socleLy (Sec 10(1)
u no 49)
(b) 1he maklng of quoLaLlons from a publlshed work lf
Lhey are compaLlble wlLh falr use and only Lo Lhe exLenL
[usLlfled for Lhe purpose lncludlng quoLaLlons from
newspaper arLlcles and perlodlcals ln Lhe form of press
summarles rovlded 1haL Lhe source and Lhe name of
Lhe auLhor lf appearlng on Lhe work are menLloned
(Sec 11 Lhlrd par u no 49)
(c) 1he reproducLlon or communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc by
mass medla of arLlcles on currenL pollLlcal soclal
economlc sclenLlflc or rellglous Loplc lecLures
addresses and oLher works of Lhe same naLure whlch
are dellvered ln publlc lf such use ls for lnformaLlon
purposes and has noL been expressly reserved rovlded
1haL Lhe source ls clearly lndlcaLed (Sec 11 u no 49)
(d) 1he reproducLlon and communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc of
llLerary sclenLlflc or arLlsLlc works as parL of reporLs of
currenL evenLs by means of phoLography
clnemaLography or broadcasLlng Lo Lhe exLenL necessary
for Lhe purpose (Sec 12 u no 49)
(e) 1he lncluslon of a work ln a publlcaLlon broadcasL or
oLher communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc sound recordlng or
fllm lf such lncluslon ls made by way of lllusLraLlon for
Leachlng purposes and ls compaLlble wlLh falr use
rovlded 1haL Lhe source and of Lhe name of Lhe
auLhor lf appearlng ln Lhe work are menLloned
(f) 1he recordlng made ln schools unlverslLles or
educaLlonal lnsLlLuLlons of a work lncluded ln a
broadcasL for Lhe use of such schools unlverslLles or
educaLlonal lnsLlLuLlons rovlded 1haL such recordlng
musL be deleLed wlLhln a reasonable perlod afLer Lhey
were flrsL broadcasL rovlded furLher 1haL such
recordlng may noL be made from audlovlsual works
whlch are parL of Lhe general clnema reperLolre of
feaLure fllms excepL for brlef excerpLs of Lhe work
(g) 1he maklng of ephemeral recordlngs by a
broadcasLlng organlzaLlon by means of lLs own faclllLles

and for use ln lLs own broadcasL
(h) 1he use made of a work by or under Lhe dlrecLlon or
conLrol of Lhe CovernmenL by Lhe naLlonal Llbrary or by
educaLlonal sclenLlflc or professlonal lnsLlLuLlons where
such use ls ln Lhe publlc lnLeresL and ls compaLlble wlLh
falr use
(l) 1he publlc performance or Lhe communlcaLlon Lo Lhe
publlc of a work ln a place where no admlsslon fee ls
charged ln respecL of such publlc performance or
communlcaLlon by a club or lnsLlLuLlon for charlLable or
educaLlonal purpose only whose alm ls noL proflL
maklng sub[ecL Lo such oLher llmlLaLlons as may be
provlded ln Lhe 8egulaLlons (n)
([) ubllc dlsplay of Lhe orlglnal or a copy of Lhe work noL
made by means of a fllm sllde Lelevlslon lmage or
oLherwlse on screen or by means of any oLher devlce or
process rovlded 1haL elLher Lhe work has been
publlshed or LhaL Lhe orlglnal or Lhe copy dlsplayed has
been sold glven away or oLherwlse Lransferred Lo
anoLher person by Lhe auLhor or hls successor ln LlLle
and
(k) Any use made of a work for Lhe purpose of any
[udlclal proceedlngs or for Lhe glvlng of professlonal
advlce by a legal pracLlLloner
1842 1he provlslons of Lhls secLlon shall be lnLerpreLed ln such a
way as Lo allow Lhe work Lo be used ln a manner whlch does noL
confllcL wlLh Lhe normal explolLaLlon of Lhe work and does noL
unreasonably pre[udlce Lhe rlghL holders leglLlmaLe lnLeresLs
Sect|on 18S olt Dse of o copytlqbteJ wotk 1831 1he falr use
of a copyrlghLed work for crlLlclsm commenL news reporLlng
Leachlng lncludlng mulLlple coples for classroom use scholarshlp
research and slmllar purposes ls noL an lnfrlngemenL of copyrlghL
uecompllaLlon whlch ls undersLood here Lo be Lhe reproducLlon
of Lhe code and LranslaLlon of Lhe forms of Lhe compuLer program
Lo achleve Lhe lnLeroperablllLy of an lndependenLly creaLed
compuLer program wlLh oLher programs may also consLlLuLe falr
use ln deLermlnlng wheLher Lhe use made of a work ln any
parLlcular case ls falr use Lhe facLors Lo be consldered shall
lnclude
(a) 1he purpose and characLer of Lhe use lncludlng
wheLher such use ls of a commerclal naLure or ls for non
proflL educaLlonal purposes
(b) 1he naLure of Lhe copyrlghLed work
(c) 1he amounL and subsLanLlallLy of Lhe porLlon used ln
relaLlon Lo Lhe copyrlghLed work as a whole and
(d) 1he effecL of Lhe use upon Lhe poLenLlal markeL for
or value of Lhe copyrlghLed work
1832 1he facL LhaL a work ls unpubllshed shall noL by lLself bar a
flndlng of falr use lf such flndlng ls made upon conslderaLlon of all
Lhe above facLors
Sect|on 186 wotk of Atcbltectte CopyrlghL ln a work of
archlLecLure shall lnclude Lhe rlghL Lo conLrol Lhe erecLlon of any
bulldlng whlch reproduces Lhe whole or a subsLanLlal parL of Lhe
work elLher ln lLs orlglnal form or ln any form recognlzably derlved
from Lhe orlglnal rovlded 1haL Lhe copyrlghL ln any such work
shall noL lnclude Lhe rlghL Lo conLrol Lhe reconsLrucLlon or
rehablllLaLlon ln Lhe same sLyle as Lhe orlglnal of a bulldlng Lo
whlch LhaL copyrlghL relaLes (n)
Sect|on 187 keptoJctloo of lbllsbeJ wotk 1871
noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe provlslon of SecLlon 177 and sub[ecL Lo Lhe
provlslons of SubsecLlon 1872 Lhe prlvaLe reproducLlon of a
publlshed work ln a slngle copy where Lhe reproducLlon ls made
by a naLural person excluslvely for research and prlvaLe sLudy
shall be permlLLed wlLhouL Lhe auLhorlzaLlon of Lhe owner of
copyrlghL ln Lhe work
1872 1he permlsslon granLed under SubsecLlon 1871 shall noL
exLend Lo Lhe reproducLlon of
(a) A work of archlLecLure ln Lhe form of bulldlng or
oLher consLrucLlon
(b) An enLlre book or a subsLanLlal parL Lhereof or of a
muslcal work ln graphlc form by reprographlc means
(c) A compllaLlon of daLa and oLher maLerlals
(d) A compuLer program excepL as provlded ln SecLlon
189 and
(e) Any work ln cases where reproducLlon would
unreasonably confllcL wlLh a normal explolLaLlon of Lhe
work or would oLherwlse unreasonably pre[udlce Lhe
leglLlmaLe lnLeresLs of Lhe auLhor (n)
Sect|on 188 keptoqtopblc keptoJctloo by llbtotles 1881
noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe provlslons of SubsecLlon 1776 any llbrary or
archlve whose acLlvlLles are noL for proflL may wlLhouL Lhe
auLhorlzaLlon of Lhe auLhor of copyrlghL owner make a slngle copy
of Lhe work by reprographlc reproducLlon
(a) Where Lhe work by reason of lLs fraglle characLer or
rarlLy cannoL be lenL Lo user ln lLs orlglnal form
(b) Where Lhe works are lsolaLed arLlcles conLalned ln
composlLe works or brlef porLlons of oLher publlshed
works and Lhe reproducLlon ls necessary Lo supply Lhem
when Lhls ls consldered expedlenL Lo persons requesLlng
Lhelr loan for purposes of research or sLudy lnsLead of
lendlng Lhe volumes or bookleLs whlch conLaln Lhem
and
(c) Where Lhe maklng of such a copy ls ln order Lo

preserve and lf necessary ln Lhe evenL LhaL lL ls losL
desLroyed or rendered unusable replace a copy or Lo
replace ln Lhe permanenL collecLlon of anoLher slmllar
llbrary or archlve a copy whlch has been losL desLroyed
or rendered unusable and coples are noL avallable wlLh
Lhe publlsher
1882 noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe above provlslons lL shall noL be
permlsslble Lo produce a volume of a work publlshed ln several
volumes or Lo produce mlsslng Lomes or pages of magazlnes or
slmllar works unless Lhe volume Lome or parL ls ouL of sLock
rovlded 1haL every llbrary whlch by law ls enLlLled Lo recelve
coples of a prlnLed work shall be enLlLled when speclal reasons so
requlre Lo reproduce a copy of a publlshed work whlch ls
consldered necessary for Lhe collecLlon of Lhe llbrary buL whlch ls
ouL of sLock (Sec 13 u 49a)
Sect|on 189 keptoJctloo of comptet ltoqtom 1891
noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe provlslons of SecLlon 177 Lhe reproducLlon ln
one (1) backup copy or adapLaLlon of a compuLer program shall
be permlLLed wlLhouL Lhe auLhorlzaLlon of Lhe auLhor of or oLher
owner of copyrlghL ln a compuLer program by Lhe lawful owner
of LhaL compuLer program rovlded 1haL Lhe copy or adapLaLlon
ls necessary for
(a) 1he use of Lhe compuLer program ln con[uncLlon wlLh
a compuLer for Lhe purpose and Lo Lhe exLenL for whlch
Lhe compuLer program has been obLalned and
(b) Archlval purposes and for Lhe replacemenL of Lhe
lawfully owned copy of Lhe compuLer program ln Lhe
evenL LhaL Lhe lawfully obLalned copy of Lhe compuLer
program ls losL desLroyed or rendered unusable
1892 no copy or adapLaLlon menLloned ln Lhls SecLlon shall be
used for any purpose oLher Lhan Lhe ones deLermlned ln Lhls
SecLlon and any such copy or adapLaLlon shall be desLroyed ln Lhe
evenL LhaL conLlnued possesslon of Lhe copy of Lhe compuLer
program ceases Lo be lawful
1893 1hls provlslon shall be wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo Lhe appllcaLlon
of SecLlon 183 whenever approprlaLe (n)
Sect|on 190 mpottotloo fot letsoool ltposes 1901
noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe provlslon of SubsecLlon 1776 buL sub[ecL Lo
Lhe llmlLaLlon under Lhe SubsecLlon 1832 Lhe lmporLaLlon of a
copy of a work by an lndlvldual for hls personal purposes shall be
permlLLed wlLhouL Lhe auLhorlzaLlon of Lhe auLhor of or oLher
owner of copyrlghL ln Lhe work under Lhe followlng
clrcumsLances
(a) When coples of Lhe work are noL avallable ln Lhe
hlllpplnes and
(l) noL more Lhan one (1) copy aL one Llme ls
lmporLed for sLrlcLly lndlvldual use only or
(ll) 1he lmporLaLlon ls by auLhorlLy of and for
Lhe use of Lhe hlllpplne CovernmenL or
(lll) 1he lmporLaLlon conslsLlng of noL more
Lhan Lhree (3) such coples or llkenesses ln any
one lnvolce ls noL for sale buL for Lhe use only
of any rellglous charlLable or educaLlonal
socleLy or lnsLlLuLlon duly lncorporaLed or
reglsLered or ls for Lhe encouragemenL of Lhe
flne arLs or for any sLaLe school college
unlverslLy or free publlc llbrary ln Lhe
hlllpplnes
(b) When such coples form parLs of llbrarles and
personal baggage belonglng Lo persons or famllles
arrlvlng from forelgn counLrles and are noL lnLended for
sale rovlded 1haL such coples do noL exceed Lhree (3)
1902 Coples lmporLed as allowed by Lhls SecLlon may noL lawfully
be used ln any way Lo vlolaLe Lhe rlghLs of owner Lhe copyrlghL or
annul or llmlL Lhe proLecLlon secured by Lhls AcL and such
unlawful use shall be deemed an lnfrlngemenL and shall be
punlshable as such wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo Lhe proprleLors rlghL of
acLlon
1903 Sub[ecL Lo Lhe approval of Lhe SecreLary of llnance Lhe
Commlssloner of CusLoms ls hereby empowered Lo make rules and
regulaLlons for prevenLlng Lhe lmporLaLlon of arLlcles Lhe
lmporLaLlon of whlch ls prohlblLed under Lhls SecLlon and under
LreaLles and convenLlons Lo whlch Lhe hlllpplnes may be a parLy
and for selzlng and condemnlng and dlsposlng of Lhe same ln case
Lhey are dlscovered afLer Lhey have been lmporLed (Sec 30 u
no 49)
CnA1Lk Ik
DLCSI1 AND NC1ICL
Sect|on 191 keqlsttotloo ooJ eposlt wltb -otloool llbtoty ooJ
tbe 5pteme cott llbtoty AfLer Lhe flrsL publlc dlssemlnaLlon of
performance by auLhorlLy of Lhe copyrlghL owner of a work falllng
under SubsecLlons 1721 1722 and 1723 of Lhls AcL Lhere shall
for Lhe purpose of compleLlng Lhe records of Lhe naLlonal Llbrary
and Lhe Supreme CourL Llbrary wlLhln Lhree (3) weeks be
reglsLered and deposlLed wlLh lL by personal dellvery or by
reglsLered mall Lwo (2) compleLe coples or reproducLlons of Lhe
work ln such form as Lhe dlrecLors of sald llbrarles may prescrlbe
A cerLlflcaLe of deposlL shall be lssued for whlch Lhe prescrlbed fee
shall be collecLed and Lhe copyrlghL owner shall be exempL from
maklng addlLlonal deposlL of Lhe works wlLh Lhe naLlonal Llbrary
and Lhe Supreme CourL Llbrary under oLher laws lf wlLhln Lhree
(3) weeks afLer recelpL by Lhe copyrlghL owner of a wrlLLen
demand from Lhe dlrecLors for such deposlL Lhe requlred coples
or reproducLlons are noL dellvered and Lhe fee ls noL pald Lhe
copyrlghL owner shall be llable Lo pay a flne equlvalenL Lo Lhe
requlred fee per monLh of delay and Lo pay Lo Lhe naLlonal Llbrary
and Lhe Supreme CourL Llbrary Lhe amounL of Lhe reLall prlce of
Lhe besL edlLlon of Lhe work Cnly Lhe above menLloned classes of
work shall be accepLed for deposlL by Lhe naLlonal Llbrary and Lhe
Supreme CourL Llbrary (Sec 26 u no 49a)
Sect|on 192 -otlce of copytlqbt Lach copy of a work publlshed
or offered for sale may conLaln a noLlce bearlng Lhe name of Lhe
copyrlghL owner and Lhe year of lLs flrsL publlcaLlon and ln coples

produced afLer Lhe creaLors deaLh Lhe year of such deaLh (Sec
27 u no 49a)
CnA1Lk k
MCkAL kIGn1S
Sect|on 193 5cope of Motol klqbts 1he auLhor of a work shall
lndependenLly of Lhe economlc rlghLs ln SecLlon 177 or Lhe granL
of an asslgnmenL or llcense wlLh respecL Lo such rlghL have Lhe
rlghL
1931 1o requlre LhaL Lhe auLhorshlp of Lhe works be aLLrlbuLed Lo
hlm ln parLlcular Lhe rlghL LhaL hls name as far as pracLlcable be
lndlcaLed ln a promlnenL way on Lhe coples and ln connecLlon
wlLh Lhe publlc use of hls work
1932 1o make any alLeraLlons of hls work prlor Lo or Lo wlLhhold
lL from publlcaLlon
1933 1o ob[ecL Lo any dlsLorLlon muLllaLlon or oLher modlflcaLlon
of or oLher derogaLory acLlon ln relaLlon Lo hls work whlch would
be pre[udlclal Lo hls honor or repuLaLlon and
1934 1o resLraln Lhe use of hls name wlLh respecL Lo any work
noL of hls own creaLlon or ln a dlsLorLed verslon of hls work (Sec
34 u no 49)
Sect|on 194 8teocb of coottoct An auLhor cannoL be compelled
Lo perform hls conLracL Lo creaLe a work or for Lhe publlcaLlon of
hls work already ln exlsLence Powever he may be held llable for
damages for breach of such conLracL (Sec 33 u no 49)
Sect|on 19S wolvet of Motol klqbts An auLhor may walve hls
rlghLs menLloned ln SecLlon 193 by a wrlLLen lnsLrumenL buL no
such walver shall be valld where lLs effecLs ls Lo permlL anoLher
1931 1o use Lhe name of Lhe auLhor or Lhe LlLle of hls work or
oLherwlse Lo make use of hls repuLaLlon wlLh respecL Lo any
verslon or adapLaLlon of hls work whlch because of alLeraLlons
Lhereln would subsLanLlally Lend Lo ln[ure Lhe llLerary or arLlsLlc
repuLaLlon of anoLher auLhor or
1932 1o use Lhe name of Lhe auLhor wlLh respecL Lo a work he
dld noL creaLe (Sec 36 u no 49)
Sect|on 196 coottlbtloo to collectlve wotk When an auLhor
conLrlbuLes Lo a collecLlve work hls rlghL Lo have hls conLrlbuLlon
aLLrlbuLed Lo hlm ls deemed walved unless he expressly reserves
lL (Sec 37 u no 49)
Sect|on 197 Jltloq Attooqloq ooJ AJoptotloo of wotk ln Lhe
absence of a conLrary sLlpulaLlon aL Lhe Llme an auLhor llcenses or
permlLs anoLher Lo use hls work Lhe necessary edlLlng arranglng
or adapLaLlon of such work for publlcaLlon broadcasL use ln a
moLlon plcLure dramaLlzaLlon or mechanlcal or elecLrlcal
reproducLlon ln accordance wlLh Lhe reasonable and cusLomary
sLandards or requlremenLs of Lhe medlum ln whlch Lhe work ls Lo
be used shall noL be deemed Lo conLravene Lhe auLhors rlghLs
secured by Lhls chapLer nor shall compleLe desLrucLlon of a work
uncondlLlonally Lransferred by Lhe auLhor be deemed Lo vlolaLe
such rlghLs (Sec 38 u no 49)
Sect|on 198 1etm of Motol klqbts 1981 1he rlghLs of an auLhor
under Lhls chapLer shall lasL durlng Lhe llfeLlme of Lhe auLhor and
for flfLy (30) years afLer hls deaLh and shall noL be asslgnable or
sub[ecL Lo llcense 1he person or persons Lo be charged wlLh Lhe
posLhumous enforcemenL of Lhese rlghLs shall be named ln wrlLlng
Lo be flled wlLh Lhe naLlonal Llbrary ln defaulL of such person or
persons such enforcemenL shall devolve upon elLher Lhe auLhors
helrs and ln defaulL of Lhe helrs Lhe ulrecLor of Lhe naLlonal
Llbrary
1982 lor purposes of Lhls SecLlon erson shall mean any
lndlvldual parLnershlp corporaLlon assoclaLlon or socleLy 1he
ulrecLor of Lhe naLlonal Llbrary may prescrlbe reasonable fees Lo
be charged for hls servlces ln Lhe appllcaLlon of provlslons of Lhls
SecLlon (Sec 39 u no 49)
Sect|on 199 ofotcemeot kemeJles vlolaLlon of any of Lhe rlghLs
conferred by Lhls ChapLer shall enLlLle Lhose charged wlLh Lhelr
enforcemenL Lo Lhe same rlghLs and remedles avallable Lo a
copyrlghL owner ln addlLlon damages whlch may be avalled of
under Lhe Clvll Code may also be recovered Any damage
recovered afLer Lhe creaLors deaLh shall be held ln LrusL for and
remlLLed Lo hls helrs and ln defaulL of Lhe helrs shall belong Lo
Lhe governmenL (Sec 40 u no 49)
CnA1Lk kI
kIGn1S 1C kCCLLDS IN SU8SLULN1 1kANSILkS
Sect|on 200 5ole ot leose of wotk ln every sale or lease of an
orlglnal work of palnLlng or sculpLure or of Lhe orlglnal manuscrlpL
of a wrlLer or composer subsequenL Lo Lhe flrsL dlsposlLlon
Lhereof by Lhe auLhor Lhe auLhor or hls helrs shall have an
lnallenable rlghL Lo parLlclpaLe ln Lhe gross proceeds of Lhe sale or
lease Lo Lhe exLenL of flve percenL (3) 1hls rlghL shall exlsL durlng
Lhe llfeLlme of Lhe auLhor and for flfLy (30) years afLer hls deaLh
(Sec 31 u no 49)
Sect|on 201 wotks -ot coveteJ 1he provlslons of Lhls ChapLer
shall noL apply Lo prlnLs eLchlngs engravlngs works of applled arL
or works of slmllar klnd whereln Lhe auLhor prlmarlly derlves galn
from Lhe proceeds of reproducLlons (Sec 33 u no 49)
CnA1Lk kII
kIGn1S CI LkICkMLkS kCDUCLkS CI SCUNDS kLCCkDINGS
AND 8kCADCAS1ING CkGANI2A1ICNS
Sect|on 202 efloltloos lor Lhe purpose of Lhls AcL Lhe
followlng Lerms shall have Lhe followlng meanlngs
2021 erformers are acLors slngers muslclans dancers and
oLher persons who acL slng declalm play ln lnLerpreL or
oLherwlse perform llLerary and arLlsLlc work
2022 Sound recordlng means Lhe flxaLlon of Lhe sounds of a
performance or of oLher sounds or represenLaLlon of sound oLher

Lhan ln Lhe form of a flxaLlon lncorporaLed ln a clnemaLographlc or
oLher audlovlsual work
2023 An audlovlsual work or flxaLlon ls a work LhaL conslsLs of a
serles of relaLed lmages whlch lmparL Lhe lmpresslon of moLlon
wlLh or wlLhouL accompanylng sounds suscepLlble of belng made
vlslble and where accompanled by sounds suscepLlble of belng
made audlble
2024 llxaLlon means Lhe embodlmenL of sounds or of Lhe
represenLaLlons Lhereof from whlch Lhey can be percelved
reproduced or communlcaLed Lhrough a devlce
202 3 roducer of a sound recordlng means Lhe person or Lhe
legal enLlLy who or whlch Lakes Lhe lnlLlaLlve and has Lhe
responslblllLy for Lhe flrsL flxaLlon of Lhe sounds of a performance
or oLher sounds or Lhe represenLaLlon of sounds
2026 ubllcaLlon of a flxed performance or a sound recordlng
means Lhe offerlng of coples of Lhe flxed performance or Lhe
sound recordlng Lo Lhe publlc wlLh Lhe consenL of Lhe rlghL
holder rovlded 1haL coples are offered Lo Lhe publlc ln
reasonable quallLy
2027 8roadcasLlng means Lhe Lransmlsslon by wlreless means
for Lhe publlc recepLlon of sounds or of lmages or of
represenLaLlons Lhereof such Lransmlsslon by saLelllLe ls also
broadcasLlng where Lhe means for decrypLlng are provlded Lo
Lhe publlc by Lhe broadcasLlng organlzaLlon or wlLh lLs consenL
2028 8roadcasLlng organlzaLlon shall lnclude a naLural person
or a [urldlcal enLlLy duly auLhorlzed Lo engage ln broadcasLlng and
2029 CommunlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc of a performance or a sound
recordlng means Lhe Lransmlsslon Lo Lhe publlc by any medlum
oLherwlse Lhan by broadcasLlng of sounds of a performance or
Lhe represenLaLlons of sounds flxed ln a sound recordlng lor
purposes of SecLlon 209 communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc lncludes
maklng Lhe sounds or represenLaLlons of sounds flxed ln a sound
recordlng audlble Lo Lhe publlc
Sect|on 203 5cope of letfotmets klqbts Sub[ecL Lo Lhe
provlslons of SecLlon 212 performers shall en[oy Lhe followlng
excluslve rlghLs
2031 As regards Lhelr performances Lhe rlghL of auLhorlzlng
(a) 1he broadcasLlng and oLher communlcaLlon Lo Lhe
publlc of Lhelr performance and
(b) 1he flxaLlon of Lhelr unflxed performance
2032 1he rlghL of auLhorlzlng Lhe dlrecL or lndlrecL reproducLlon
of Lhelr performances flxed ln sound recordlngs ln any manner or
form
2033 Sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons of SecLlon 206 Lhe rlghL of
auLhorlzlng Lhe flrsL publlc dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhe orlglnal and coples of
Lhelr performance flxed ln Lhe sound recordlng Lhrough sale or
renLal or oLher forms of Lransfer of ownershlp
2034 1he rlghL of auLhorlzlng Lhe commerclal renLal Lo Lhe publlc
of Lhe orlglnal and coples of Lhelr performances flxed ln sound
recordlngs even afLer dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhem by or pursuanL Lo Lhe
auLhorlzaLlon by Lhe performer and
2033 1he rlghL of auLhorlzlng Lhe maklng avallable Lo Lhe publlc
of Lhelr performances flxed ln sound recordlngs by wlre or
wlreless means ln such a way LhaL members of Lhe publlc may
access Lhem from a place and Llme lndlvldually chosen by Lhem
(Sec 42 u no 49a)
Sect|on 204 Motol klqbts of letfotmets 2041 lndependenLly of
a performers economlc rlghLs Lhe performer shall as regards hls
llve aural performances or performances flxed ln sound
recordlngs have Lhe rlghL Lo clalm Lo be ldenLlfled as Lhe
performer of hls performances excepL where Lhe omlsslon ls
dlcLaLed by Lhe manner of Lhe use of Lhe performance and Lo
ob[ecL Lo any dlsLorLlon muLllaLlon or oLher modlflcaLlon of hls
performances LhaL would be pre[udlclal Lo hls repuLaLlon
2042 1he rlghLs granLed Lo a performer ln accordance wlLh
SubsecLlon 2031 shall be malnLalned and exerclsed flfLy (30) years
afLer hls deaLh by hls helrs and ln defaulL of helrs Lhe
governmenL where proLecLlon ls clalmed (Sec 43 u no 49)
Sect|on 20S llmltotloo oo klqbt 2031 Sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons
of SecLlon 206 once Lhe performer has auLhorlzed Lhe
broadcasLlng or flxaLlon of hls performance Lhe provlslons of
SecLlons 203 shall have no furLher appllcaLlon
2032 1he provlslons of SecLlon 184 and SecLlon 183 shall apply
muLaLls muLandls Lo performers (n)
Sect|on 206 AJJltloool kemoetotloo fot 5bsepeot
commolcotloos ot 8tooJcosts unless oLherwlse provlded ln Lhe
conLracL ln every communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc or broadcasL of a
performance subsequenL Lo Lhe flrsL communlcaLlon or broadcasL
Lhereof by Lhe broadcasLlng organlzaLlon Lhe performer shall be
enLlLled Lo an addlLlonal remuneraLlon equlvalenL Lo aL leasL flve
percenL (3) of Lhe orlglnal compensaLlon he or she recelved for
Lhe flrsL communlcaLlon or broadcasL (n)
Sect|on 207 coottoct 1etms noLhlng ln Lhls ChapLer shall be
consLrued Lo deprlve performers of Lhe rlghL Lo agree by conLracLs
on Lerms and condlLlons more favorable for Lhem ln respecL of any
use of Lhelr performance (n)
CnA1Lk kIII
kCDUCLkS CI SCUND kLCCkDINGS
Sect|on 208 5cope of klqbt Sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons of SecLlon
212 producers of sound recordlngs shall en[oy Lhe followlng
excluslve rlghLs
2081 1he rlghL Lo auLhorlze Lhe dlrecL or lndlrecL reproducLlon of

Lhelr sound recordlngs ln any manner or form Lhe placlng of
Lhese reproducLlons ln Lhe markeL and Lhe rlghL of renLal or
lendlng
2082 1he rlghL Lo auLhorlze Lhe flrsL publlc dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhe
orlglnal and coples of Lhelr sound recordlngs Lhrough sale or renLal
or oLher forms of Lransferrlng ownershlp and
2083 1he rlghL Lo auLhorlze Lhe commerclal renLal Lo Lhe publlc
of Lhe orlglnal and coples of Lhelr sound recordlngs even afLer
dlsLrlbuLlon by Lhem by or pursuanL Lo auLhorlzaLlon by Lhe
producer (Sec 46 u no 49a)
Sect|on 209 commolcotloo to tbe lbllc lf a sound recordlng
publlshed for commerclal purposes or a reproducLlon of such
sound recordlng ls used dlrecLly for broadcasLlng or for oLher
communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc or ls publlcly performed wlLh Lhe
lnLenLlon of maklng and enhanclng proflL a slngle equlLable
remuneraLlon for Lhe performer or performers and Lhe producer
of Lhe sound recordlng shall be pald by Lhe user Lo boLh Lhe
performers and Lhe producer who ln Lhe absence of any
agreemenL shall share equally (Sec 47 u no 49a)
Sect|on 210 llmltotloo of klqbt SecLlons 184 and 183 shall apply
muLaLls muLandls Lo Lhe producer of sound recordlngs (Sec 48
u no 49a)
CnA1Lk kIV
8kCADCAS1ING CkGANI2A1ICNS
Sect|on 211 5cope of klqbt Sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons of SecLlon
212 broadcasLlng organlzaLlons shall en[oy Lhe excluslve rlghL Lo
carry ouL auLhorlze or prevenL any of Lhe followlng acLs
2111 1he rebroadcasLlng of Lhelr broadcasLs
2112 1he recordlng ln any manner lncludlng Lhe maklng of fllms
or Lhe use of vldeo Lape of Lhelr broadcasLs for Lhe purpose of
communlcaLlon Lo Lhe publlc of Lelevlslon broadcasLs of Lhe same
and
2113 1he use of such records for fresh Lransmlsslons or for fresh
recordlng (Sec 32 u no 49)
CnA1Lk kV
LIMI1A1ICNS CN kC1LC1ICN
Sect|on 212 llmltotloos oo klqbts SecLlons 203 208 and 209
shall noL apply where Lhe acLs referred Lo ln Lhose SecLlons are
relaLed Lo
2121 1he use by a naLural person excluslvely for hls own personal
purposes
2122 uslng shorL excerpLs for reporLlng currenL evenLs
2123 use solely for Lhe purpose of Leachlng or for sclenLlflc
research and
2124 lalr use of Lhe broadcasL sub[ecL Lo Lhe condlLlons under
SecLlon 183 (Sec 44 u no 49a)
CnA1Lk kVI
1LkM CI kC1LC1ICN
Sect|on 213 1etm of ltotectloo 2131 Sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons
of SubsecLlons 2132 Lo 2133 Lhe copyrlghL ln works under
SecLlons 172 and 173 shall be proLecLed durlng Lhe llfe of Lhe
auLhor and for flfLy (30) years afLer hls deaLh 1hls rule also applles
Lo posLhumous works (Sec 21 flrsL senLence u no 49a)
2132 ln case of works of [olnL auLhorshlp Lhe economlc rlghLs
shall be proLecLed durlng Lhe llfe of Lhe lasL survlvlng auLhor and
for flfLy (30) years afLer hls deaLh (Sec 21 second senLence u
no 49)
2133 ln case of anonymous or pseudonymous works Lhe
copyrlghL shall be proLecLed for flfLy (30) years from Lhe daLe on
whlch Lhe work was flrsL lawfully publlshed rovlded 1haL where
before Lhe explraLlon of Lhe sald perlod Lhe auLhors ldenLlLy ls
revealed or ls no longer ln doubL Lhe provlslons of SubsecLlons
2131 and 2132 shall apply as Lhe case may be rovlded furLher
1haL such works lf noL publlshed before shall be proLecLed for flfLy
(30) years counLed from Lhe maklng of Lhe work (Sec 23 u no
49)
2134 ln case of works of applled arL Lhe proLecLlon shall be for a
perlod of LwenLyflve (23) years from Lhe daLe of maklng (Sec
24(8) u no 49a)
2133 ln case of phoLographlc works Lhe proLecLlon shall be for
flfLy (30) years from publlcaLlon of Lhe work and lf unpubllshed
flfLy (30) years from Lhe maklng (Sec 24(C) u 49a)
2136 ln case of audlovlsual works lncludlng Lhose produced by
process analogous Lo phoLography or any process for maklng
audlovlsual recordlngs Lhe Lerm shall be flfLy (30) years from daLe
of publlcaLlon and lf unpubllshed from Lhe daLe of maklng (Sec
24(C) u no 49a)
Sect|on 214 colclotloo of 1etm 1he Lerm of proLecLlon
subsequenL Lo Lhe deaLh of Lhe auLhor provlded ln Lhe precedlng
SecLlon shall run from Lhe daLe of hls deaLh or of publlcaLlon buL
such Lerms shall always be deemed Lo begln on Lhe flrsL day of
!anuary of Lhe year followlng Lhe evenL whlch gave rlse Lo Lhem
(Sec 23 u no 49)
Sect|on 21S 1etm of ltotectloo fot letfotmets ltoJcets ooJ
8tooJcostloq Otqoolzotloos 2131 1he rlghLs granLed Lo
performers and producers of sound recordlngs under Lhls law shall
explre
(a) lor performances noL lncorporaLed ln recordlngs
flfLy (30) years from Lhe end of Lhe year ln whlch Lhe
performance Look place and
(b) lor sound or lmage and sound recordlngs and for

performances lncorporaLed Lhereln flfLy (30) years from
Lhe end of Lhe year ln whlch Lhe recordlng Look place
2132 ln case of broadcasLs Lhe Lerm shall be LwenLy (20) years
from Lhe daLe Lhe broadcasL Look place 1he exLended Lerm shall
be applled only Lo old works wlLh subslsLlng proLecLlon under Lhe
prlor law (Sec 33 u no 49a)
CnA1Lk kVII
INIkINGLMLN1
Sect|on 216 kemeJles fot oftloqemeot 2161 Any person
lnfrlnglng a rlghL proLecLed under Lhls law shall be llable
(a) 1o an ln[uncLlon resLralnlng such lnfrlngemenL 1he
courL may also order Lhe defendanL Lo deslsL from an
lnfrlngemenL among oLhers Lo prevenL Lhe enLry lnLo
Lhe channels of commerce of lmporLed goods LhaL
lnvolve an lnfrlngemenL lmmedlaLely afLer cusLoms
clearance of such goods
(b) ay Lo Lhe copyrlghL proprleLor or hls asslgns or helrs
such acLual damages lncludlng legal cosLs and oLher
expenses as he may have lncurred due Lo Lhe
lnfrlngemenL as well as Lhe proflLs Lhe lnfrlnger may
have made due Lo such lnfrlngemenL and ln provlng
proflLs Lhe plalnLlff shall be requlred Lo prove sales only
and Lhe defendanL shall be requlred Lo prove every
elemenL of cosL whlch he clalms or ln lleu of acLual
damages and proflLs such damages whlch Lo Lhe courL
shall appear Lo be [usL and shall noL be regarded as
penalLy
(c) uellver under oaLh for lmpoundlng durlng Lhe
pendency of Lhe acLlon upon such Lerms and condlLlons
as Lhe courL may prescrlbe sales lnvolces and oLher
documenLs evldenclng sales all arLlcles and Lhelr
packaglng alleged Lo lnfrlnge a copyrlghL and
lmplemenLs for maklng Lhem
(d) uellver under oaLh for desLrucLlon wlLhouL any
compensaLlon all lnfrlnglng coples or devlces as well as
all plaLes molds or oLher means for maklng such
lnfrlnglng coples as Lhe courL may order
(e) Such oLher Lerms and condlLlons lncludlng Lhe
paymenL of moral and exemplary damages whlch Lhe
courL may deem proper wlse and equlLable and Lhe
desLrucLlon of lnfrlnglng coples of Lhe work even ln Lhe
evenL of acqulLLal ln a crlmlnal case
2162 ln an lnfrlngemenL acLlon Lhe courL shall also have Lhe
power Lo order Lhe selzure and lmpoundlng of any arLlcle whlch
may serve as evldence ln Lhe courL proceedlngs (Sec 28 u no
49a)
Sect|on 217 ctlmlool leooltles 2171 Any person lnfrlnglng any
rlghL secured by provlslons of arL lv of Lhls AcL or aldlng or
abeLLlng such lnfrlngemenL shall be gullLy of a crlme punlshable
by
(a) lmprlsonmenL of one (1) year Lo Lhree (3) years plus a
flne ranglng from llfLy Lhousand pesos (30000) Lo Cne
hundred flfLy Lhousand pesos (130000) for Lhe flrsL
offense
(b) lmprlsonmenL of Lhree (3) years and one (1) day Lo
slx (6) years plus a flne ranglng from Cne hundred flfLy
Lhousand pesos (130000) Lo llve hundred Lhousand
pesos (300000) for Lhe second offense
(c) lmprlsonmenL of slx (6) years and one (1) day Lo nlne
(9) years plus a flne ranglng from flve hundred Lhousand
pesos (300000) Lo Cne mllllon flve hundred Lhousand
pesos (1300000) for Lhe Lhlrd and subsequenL
offenses
(d) ln all cases subsldlary lmprlsonmenL ln cases of
lnsolvency
2172 ln deLermlnlng Lhe number of years of lmprlsonmenL and
Lhe amounL of flne Lhe courL shall conslder Lhe value of Lhe
lnfrlnglng maLerlals LhaL Lhe defendanL has produced or
manufacLured and Lhe damage LhaL Lhe copyrlghL owner has
suffered by reason of Lhe lnfrlngemenL
2173 Any person who aL Lhe Llme when copyrlghL subslsLs ln a
work has ln hls possesslon an arLlcle whlch he knows or oughL Lo
know Lo be an lnfrlnglng copy of Lhe work for Lhe purpose of
(a) Selllng leLLlng for hlre or by way of Lrade offerlng or
exposlng for sale or hlre Lhe arLlcle
(b) ulsLrlbuLlng Lhe arLlcle for purpose of Lrade or for
any oLher purpose Lo an exLenL LhaL wlll pre[udlce Lhe
rlghLs of Lhe copyrlghL owner ln Lhe work or
(c) 1rade exhlblL of Lhe arLlcle ln publlc shall be gullLy of
an offense and shall be llable on convlcLlon Lo
lmprlsonmenL and flne as above menLloned (Sec 29
u no 49a)
Sect|on 218 AfflJovlt vlJeoce 2181 ln an acLlon under Lhls
ChapLer an affldavlL made before a noLary publlc by or on behalf
of Lhe owner of Lhe copyrlghL ln any work or oLher sub[ecL maLLer
and sLaLlng LhaL
(a) AL Lhe Llme speclfled Lhereln copyrlghL subslsLed ln
Lhe work or oLher sub[ecL maLLer
(b) Pe or Lhe person named Lhereln ls Lhe owner of Lhe
copyrlghL and
(c) 1he copy of Lhe work or oLher sub[ecL maLLer
annexed LhereLo ls a Lrue copy Lhereof shall be
admlLLed ln evldence ln any proceedlngs for an offense
under Lhls ChapLer and shall be prlma facle proof of Lhe

maLLers Lhereln sLaLed unLll Lhe conLrary ls proved and
Lhe courL before whlch such affldavlL ls produced shall
assume LhaL Lhe affldavlL was made by or on behalf of
Lhe owner of Lhe copyrlghL
2182 ln an acLlon under Lhls ChapLer
(a) CopyrlghL shall be presumed Lo subslsL ln Lhe work or
oLher sub[ecL maLLer Lo whlch Lhe acLlon relaLes lf Lhe
defendanL does noL puL ln lssue Lhe quesLlon wheLher
copyrlghL subslsLs ln Lhe work or oLher sub[ecL maLLer
and
(b) Where Lhe subslsLence of Lhe copyrlghL ls
esLabllshed Lhe plalnLlff shall be presumed Lo be Lhe
owner of Lhe copyrlghL lf he clalms Lo be Lhe owner of
Lhe copyrlghL and Lhe defendanL does noL puL ln lssue
Lhe quesLlon of hls ownershlp
(c) Where Lhe defendanL wlLhouL good falLh puLs ln
lssue Lhe quesLlons of wheLher copyrlghL subslsLs ln a
work or oLher sub[ecL maLLer Lo whlch Lhe acLlon relaLes
or Lhe ownershlp of copyrlghL ln such work or sub[ecL
maLLer Lhereby occaslonlng unnecessary cosLs or delay
ln Lhe proceedlngs Lhe courL may dlrecL LhaL any cosLs
Lo Lhe defendanL ln respecL of Lhe acLlon shall noL be
allowed by hlm and LhaL any cosLs occasloned by Lhe
defendanL Lo oLher parLles shall be pald by hlm Lo such
oLher parLles (n)
Sect|on 219 ltesmptloo of Atbotsblp 2191 1he naLural
person whose name ls lndlcaLed on a work ln Lhe usual manner as
Lhe auLhor shall ln Lhe absence of proof Lo Lhe conLrary be
presumed Lo be Lhe auLhor of Lhe work 1hls provlslon shall be
appllcable even lf Lhe name ls a pseudonym where Lhe
pseudonym leaves no doubL as Lo Lhe ldenLlLy of Lhe auLhor
2192 1he person or body corporaLe whose name appears on a
audlovlsual work ln Lhe usual manner shall ln Lhe absence of
proof Lo Lhe conLrary be presumed Lo be Lhe maker of sald work
(n)
Sect|on 220 otetootloool keqlsttotloo of wotks A sLaLemenL
concernlng a work recorded ln an lnLernaLlonal reglsLer ln
accordance wlLh an lnLernaLlonal LreaLy Lo whlch Lhe hlllpplnes ls
or may become a parLy shall be consLrued as Lrue unLll Lhe
conLrary ls proved excepL
2201 Where Lhe sLaLemenL cannoL be valld under Lhls AcL or any
oLher law concernlng lnLellecLual properLy
2202 Where Lhe sLaLemenL ls conLradlcLed by anoLher sLaLemenL
recorded ln Lhe lnLernaLlonal reglsLer (n)
CnA1Lk kVIII
SCCL CI ALICA1ICN
Sect|on 221 lolots of Attocbmeot fot wotks oJet 5ectloos 172
ooJ 17J 2211 1he proLecLlon afforded by Lhls AcL Lo
copyrlghLable works under SecLlons 172 and 173 shall apply Lo
(a) Works of auLhors who are naLlonals of or have Lhelr
hablLual resldence ln Lhe hlllpplnes
(b) Audlovlsual works Lhe producer of whlch has hls
headquarLers or hablLual resldence ln Lhe hlllpplnes
(c) Works of archlLecLure erecLed ln Lhe hlllpplnes or
oLher arLlsLlc works lncorporaLed ln a bulldlng or oLher
sLrucLure locaLed ln Lhe hlllpplnes
(d) Works flrsL publlshed ln Lhe hlllpplnes and
(e) Works flrsL publlshed ln anoLher counLry buL also
publlshed ln Lhe hlllpplnes wlLhln LhlrLy days
lrrespecLlve of Lhe naLlonallLy or resldence of Lhe
auLhors
2212 1he provlslons of Lhls AcL shall also apply Lo works LhaL are
Lo be proLecLed by vlrLue of and ln accordance wlLh any
lnLernaLlonal convenLlon or oLher lnLernaLlonal agreemenL Lo
whlch Lhe hlllpplnes ls a parLy (n)
Sect|on 222 lolots of Attocbmeot fot letfotmets 1he provlslons
of Lhls AcL on Lhe proLecLlon of performers shall apply Lo
2221 erformers who are naLlonals of Lhe hlllpplnes
2222 erformers who are noL naLlonals of Lhe hlllpplnes buL
whose performances
(a) 1ake place ln Lhe hlllpplnes or
(b) Are lncorporaLed ln sound recordlngs LhaL are
proLecLed under Lhls AcL or
(c) Whlch has noL been flxed ln sound recordlng buL are
carrled by broadcasL quallfylng for proLecLlon under Lhls
AcL (n)
Sect|on 223 lolots of Attocbmeot fot 5ooJ kecotJloqs 1he
provlslons of Lhls AcL on Lhe proLecLlon of sound recordlngs shall
apply Lo
2231 Sound recordlngs Lhe producers of whlch are naLlonals of
Lhe hlllpplnes and
2232 Sound recordlngs LhaL were flrsL publlshed ln Lhe
hlllpplnes (n)
Sect|on 224 lolots of Attocbmeot fot 8tooJcosts 2241 1he
provlslons of Lhls AcL on Lhe proLecLlon of broadcasLs shall apply
Lo
(a) 8roadcasLs of broadcasLlng organlzaLlons Lhe

headquarLers of whlch are slLuaLed ln Lhe hlllpplnes
and
(b) 8roadcasLs LransmlLLed from LransmlLLers slLuaLed ln
Lhe hlllpplnes
2242 1he provlslons of Lhls AcL shall also apply Lo performers
who and Lo producers of sound recordlngs and broadcasLlng
organlzaLlons whlch are Lo be proLecLed by vlrLue of and ln
accordance wlLh any lnLernaLlonal convenLlon or oLher
lnLernaLlonal agreemenL Lo whlch Lhe hlllpplnes ls a parLy (n)
CnA1Lk kIk
INS1I1U1ICN CI AC1ICNS
Sect|on 22S tlsJlctloo WlLhouL pre[udlce Lo Lhe provlslons of
SubsecLlon 71(c) acLlons under Lhls AcL shall be cognlzable by Lhe
courLs wlLh approprlaLe [urlsdlcLlon under exlsLlng law (Sec 37
u no 49a)
Sect|on 226 omoqes no damages may be recovered under Lhls
AcL afLer four (4) years from Lhe Llme Lhe cause of acLlon arose
(Sec 38 u no 49)
CnA1Lk kk
MISCLLLANLCUS kCVISICNS
Sect|on 227 Owoetsblp of eposlt ooJ osttmeots All coples
deposlLed and lnsLrumenLs ln wrlLlng flled wlLh Lhe naLlonal
Llbrary and Lhe Supreme CourL Llbrary ln accordance wlLh Lhe
provlslons of Lhls AcL shall become Lhe properLy of Lhe
CovernmenL (Sec 60 u no 49)
Sect|on 228 lbllc kecotJs 1he secLlon or dlvlslon of Lhe
naLlonal Llbrary and Lhe Supreme CourL Llbrary charged wlLh
recelvlng coples and lnsLrumenLs deposlLed and wlLh keeplng
records requlred under Lhls AcL and everyLhlng ln lL shall be
opened Lo publlc lnspecLlon 1he ulrecLor of Lhe naLlonal Llbrary ls
empowered Lo lssue such safeguards and regulaLlons as may be
necessary Lo lmplemenL Lhls SecLlon and oLher provlslons of Lhls
AcL (Sec 61 u no 49)
Sect|on 229 copytlqbt lvlsloo ees 1he CopyrlghL SecLlon of
Lhe naLlonal Llbrary shall be classlfled as a ulvlslon upon Lhe
effecLlvlLy of Lhls AcL 1he naLlonal Llbrary shall have Lhe power Lo
collecL for Lhe dlscharge of lLs servlces under Lhls AcL such fees as
may be promulgaLed by lL from Llme Lo Llme sub[ecL Lo Lhe
approval of Lhe ueparLmenL Pead (Sec 62 u 49a)
Ak1 V
IINAL kCVISICNS
Sect|on 230 pltoble ltloclples to Coveto ltoceeJloqs ln all
lnLer parLes proceedlngs ln Lhe Cfflce under Lhls AcL Lhe equlLable
prlnclples of laches esLoppel and acqulescence where appllcable
may be consldered and applled (Sec 9A 8A no 163)
Sect|on 231 kevetse keclptoclty of otelqo lows Any condlLlon
resLrlcLlon llmlLaLlon dlmlnuLlon requlremenL penalLy or any
slmllar burden lmposed by Lhe law of a forelgn counLry on a
hlllpplne naLlonal seeklng proLecLlon of lnLellecLual properLy
rlghLs ln LhaL counLry shall reclprocally be enforceable upon
naLlonals of sald counLry wlLhln hlllpplne [urlsdlcLlon (n)
Sect|on 232 Appeols 2321 Appeals from declslons of regular
courLs shall be governed by Lhe 8ules of CourL unless resLralned
by a hlgher courL Lhe [udgmenL of Lhe Lrlal courL shall be
execuLory even pendlng appeal under such Lerms and condlLlons
as Lhe courL may prescrlbe
2322 unless expressly provlded ln Lhls AcL or oLher sLaLuLes
appeals from declslons of admlnlsLraLlve offlclals shall be provlded
ln Lhe 8egulaLlons (n)
Sect|on 233 Otqoolzotloo of tbe Offlce xemptloo ftom tbe 5oloty
5tooJotJlzotloo low ooJ tbe Atttltloo low 2331 1he Cfflce shall
be organlzed wlLhln one (1) year afLer Lhe approval of Lhls AcL lL
shall noL be sub[ecL Lo Lhe provlslons of 8epubllc AcL no 7430
2332 1he Cfflce shall lnsLlLuLe lLs own compensaLlon sLrucLure
rovlded 1haL Lhe Cfflce shall make lLs own sysLem conform as
closely as posslble wlLh Lhe prlnclples provlded for under 8epubllc
AcL no 6738 (n)
Sect|on 234 Abolltloo of tbe 8teo of loteots 1toJemotks ooJ
1ecbooloqy 1toosfet 1he 8ureau of aLenLs 1rademarks and
1echnology 1ransfer under Lhe ueparLmenL of 1rade and lndusLry
ls hereby abollshed All unexpended funds and fees flnes
royalLles and oLher charges collecLed for Lhe calendar year
properLles equlpmenL and records of Lhe 8ureau of aLenLs
1rademarks and 1echnology 1ransfer and such personnel as may
be necessary are hereby Lransferred Lo Lhe Cfflce ersonnel noL
absorbed or Lransferred Lo Lhe Cfflce shall en[oy Lhe reLlremenL
beneflLs granLed under exlsLlng law oLherwlse Lhey shall be pald
Lhe equlvalenL of one monLh baslc salary for every year of servlce
or Lhe equlvalenL nearesL fracLlons Lhereof favorable Lo Lhem on
Lhe basls of Lhe hlghesL salary recelved(n)
Sect|on 23S Appllcotloos leoJloq oo ffectlve ote of Act 2331
All appllcaLlons for paLenLs pendlng ln Lhe 8ureau of aLenLs
1rademarks and 1echnology 1ransfer shall be proceeded wlLh and
paLenLs Lhereon granLed ln accordance wlLh Lhe AcLs under whlch
sald appllcaLlons were flled and sald AcLs are hereby conLlnued Lo
be enforced Lo Lhls exLenL and for Lhls purpose only
noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe foregolng general repeal Lhereof rovlded
1haL appllcaLlons for uLlllLy models or lndusLrlal deslgns pendlng aL
Lhe effecLlve daLe of Lhls AcL shall be proceeded wlLh ln
accordance wlLh Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL unless Lhe appllcanLs
elecL Lo prosecuLe sald appllcaLlons ln accordance wlLh Lhe AcLs
under whlch Lhey were flled
2332 All appllcaLlons for reglsLraLlon of marks or Lrade names
pendlng ln Lhe 8ureau of aLenLs 1rademarks and 1echnology
1ransfer aL Lhe effecLlve daLe of Lhls AcL may be amended lf
pracLlcable Lo brlng Lhem under Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL 1he
prosecuLlon of such appllcaLlons so amended and Lhe granL of
reglsLraLlons Lhereon shall be proceeded wlLh ln accordance wlLh

Lhe provlslons of Lhls AcL lf such amendmenLs are noL made Lhe
prosecuLlon of sald appllcaLlons shall be proceeded wlLh and
reglsLraLlons Lhereon granLed ln accordance wlLh Lhe AcLs under
whlch sald appllcaLlons were flled and sald AcLs are hereby
conLlnued ln force Lo Lhls exLenL for Lhls purpose only
noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe foregolng general repeal Lhereof (n)
Sect|on 236 ltesetvotloo of xlstloq klqbts noLhlng hereln shall
adversely affecL Lhe rlghLs on Lhe enforcemenL of rlghLs ln paLenLs
uLlllLy models lndusLrlal deslgns marks and works acqulred ln
good falLh prlor Lo Lhe effecLlve daLe of Lhls AcL (n)
Sect|on 237 -otlflcotloo oo 8etoe AppeoJlx 1he hlllpplnes shall
by proper compllance wlLh Lhe requlremenLs seL forLh under Lhe
Appendlx of Lhe 8erne ConvenLlon (arls AcL 1971) avall lLself of
Lhe speclal provlslons regardlng developlng counLrles lncludlng
provlslons for llcenses granLable by compeLenL auLhorlLy under Lhe
Appendlx (n)
Sect|on 238 Apptoptlotloos 1he funds needed Lo carry ouL Lhe
provlslons of Lhls AcL shall be charged Lo Lhe approprlaLlons of Lhe
8ureau of aLenLs 1rademarks and 1echnology 1ransfer under
Lhe currenL Ceneral ApproprlaLlons AcL and Lhe fees flnes
royalLles and oLher charges collecLed by Lhe 8ureau for Lhe
calendar year pursuanL Lo SecLlons 141 and 234 of Lhls AcL
1hereafLer such sums as may be necessary for lLs conLlnued
lmplemenLaLlons shall be lncluded ln Lhe annual Ceneral
ApproprlaLlons AcL (n)
Sect|on 239 kepeols 2391 All AcLs and parLs of AcLs
lnconslsLenL herewlLh more parLlcularly 8epubllc AcL no 163 as
amended 8epubllc AcL no 166 as amended and ArLlcles 188 and
189 of Lhe 8evlsed enal Code resldenLlal uecree no 49
lncludlng resldenLlal uecree no 283 as amended are hereby
repealed
2392 Marks reglsLered under 8epubllc AcL no 166 shall remaln ln
force buL shall be deemed Lo have been granLed under Lhls AcL
and shall be due for renewal wlLhln Lhe perlod provlded for under
Lhls AcL and upon renewal shall be reclasslfled ln accordance wlLh
Lhe lnLernaLlonal ClasslflcaLlon 1rade names and marks reglsLered
ln Lhe SupplemenLal 8eglsLer under 8epubllc AcL no 166 shall
remaln ln force buL shall no longer be sub[ecL Lo renewal
2393 1he provlslons of Lhls AcL shall apply Lo works ln whlch
copyrlghL proLecLlon obLalned prlor Lo Lhe effecLlvlLy of Lhls AcL ls
subslsLlng rovlded 1haL Lhe appllcaLlon of Lhls AcL shall noL
resulL ln Lhe dlmlnuLlon of such proLecLlon (n)
Sect|on 240 5epotoblllty lf any provlslon of Lhls AcL or Lhe
appllcaLlon of such provlslon Lo any clrcumsLances ls held lnvalld
Lhe remalnder of Lhe AcL shall noL be affecLed Lhereby (n)
Sect|on 241 ffectlvlty 1hls AcL shall Lake effecL on 1 !anuary
1998 (n)
Approved !une 6 1997

Republic Act No 8293

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Republic Act No 8293

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1 narLaLez (2Manresa)

kLU8LIC AC1 No 8293 Iune 6 1997

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