Between Four and Five

Physical Milestones o 4-5 years: pulse rate 84 0.7 o 4 years: the average child should weigh 37 lb. height 40 1/2 in. o 4 years: average female weight 35.2 lb. height 40 in. o 4 years: average male weight 37.4 lb. height 40 1/2 in. o 4 years: the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 48%, calf 53%, foot 62%, upper arm 54%, forearm 56%, hand 60% o 4 years: muscle width, arm + calf 8.2 cm o 4 years: weight gain of about 6 pounds during the 4th year o 4 years: the height should be double their length at birth o 4 years: improved balance, can walk heel-to-toe o 4 years: hops on one foot without losing balance o 4 years: throws a ball overhand with coordination o 4 years: skillfully cuts out a picture using scissors o 4 years: may not be able to tie shoelaces o 4 years: dry through night o 4-6 years: average child weighs 44 lb. height 44 in. o 4 1/2 years: the average child should weigh 39 lb. height 41 1/2 in. o 4 1/2 years: average female weight 37.4 lb. height 41 1/2 in. o 4 1/2 years: average male weight 39.6 lb. height 42 1/2 in. Sensory and Cognitive Milestones o 4 years: tries to be very independent o 4 years: increased aggressive behavior o 4 years: readily discloses personal family matters to others o 4 years: imaginary playmates are common o 4 years: increased comprehension of time o 4 years: able to distinguish between two objects based on simple criteria (such as size, weight, and so forth) o 4 years: less egocentric behavior o 4 years: believes that their thought and emotions are causative events o 4 years: lack moral concept of right and wrong o 4 years: rebellion is common if expectations are excessive Language Milestones o Has a vocabulary of nearly 1500 words o Has sentence length of 4-5 words o Uses past tense correctly o Points to colors red, blue, yellow and green o Identifies triangles, circles and squares o Understands "In the morning" , "next", "noontime" o Can speak of imaginary conditions such as "I hope" o Asks many questions, asks "who?" And "why?" o The age when the child will ask the most questions o May use words outside their comprehension o May begin using vulgar terms depending on their exposure

Learns and sings simple songs Counts to 10 Social/Behavioral Milestones o 4 years: Dresses self unassisted. Can button clothes. Washes and dries hands and brushes teeth unassisted. Understands taking turns.

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Between Five and Six

Physical Milestones o 5-6 years: pulse rate 79 0.6 and respiratory rate may decrease o 5 years: the average child should weigh 42 lb. height 43 in. o 5-9 years: early Lordosis disappears o 5-9 years: begins to lose baby teeth; first permanent teeth begin to erupt, permanent teeth then appear at a rate of 4 teeth per year from 7-14 years. o 5 years: average female weight 39.6 lb. height 42 1/2 in. o 5 years: average male weight 41.8 lb. height 43 1/2 in. o 5 years: the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 54%, calf 57%, foot 66%, upperarm 57%, forearm 60%, hand 64% o 5 years: muscle width, arm + calf 8.5 cm o 5 years: increased coordination o 5 years: skips, jumps, and skates with good balance o 5 years: able to maintain balance while standing on one foot with eyes closed o 5 years: able to tie own shoelaces o 5 years: increased skill with simple tools and writing utensils o 5 1/2 years: average female weight 41.8 lb. height 44 in. o 5 1/2 years: average male weight 44 lb. height 44 1/2 in. o 6-7 years: pulse rate 76 0.6 o 6 years: average female weight 44 lb. height 45 1/2 in. o 6 years: average male weight 46.2 lb. height 45 1/2 in. o 6 years: the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 58%, calf 62%, foot 70%, upperarm 62%, forearm 63%, hand 66% o 6 years: muscle width, arm + calf 8.8cm o 6-7 years: first molars (4) [permanent] o 6 1/2 years: average female weight 46.2 lb. height 46 1/2 in. o 6 1/2 years: average male weight 48.4 lb. height 47 in. Sensory and Cognitive Milestones o 5 years: increasingly responsible o 5 years: decreased aggressiveness o 5 years: some fears from earlier childhood are disappearing o 5 years: able to accept the validity of others view and perspective, but may not understand it o 5 years: increased mathematical skill o 5 years: does not hesitate to question others, including parents o 5 years: there is a strong identification with the parent of the same sex Language Milestones o Has a vocabulary of around 2000 words

Has a sentence length of 5-6 words Defines objects by their use (you eat with a fork) and can tell what objects are made of o Knows spatial relations like "on top", "behind", "far" and "near" o Knows the names of the primary colors and may know the names of many more o Knows her address o Identifies a penny, nickel and dime o Knows common opposites like "big/little" o Understands "same" and "different" o Counts ten objects o Asks questions for information o Distinguished left and right hand in herself o Can compose sentences with all parts of speech o Questions are less superficial, addressing meaning and purpose o Uses all types of sentences, for example "let's go to the store after we eat" o At six years: the vocabulary has increased to over 2100 words o At six years: readily composes sentences of 6 to 8 words Social/Behavioral Milestones o Independent and self sufficient. Dresses and undresses self. Ties shoelaces. Uses knife and fork. o Chooses own friends, comforts friends in distress o Understands fair play o Tender and protective towards younger children

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