UNIVERSITY OF MALTA FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS MAT1801 Mathematics for Engineers I Problem Sheet 2

First Order Ordinary Dierential Equations

(1) Solve the dierential equation dy y = ex+2y sin x. dx Ans. 2ex (sin x cos x) + e2y (2y + 1) = C (2) Solve the dierential equation dy 2x3 = y 2 + 3xy 2 , dx given that y = 1 when x = 1. Ans. 4x2 = y(1 + 6x 3x2 ) (3) Solve the dierential equation x+y2 dy = . dx x+y+2 Ans. x y = ln(x + y)2 + C (4) Solve the dierential equation dy = 3x 5y 9. (2x 4y 8) dx Ans. 3x 4y 6 = C(x y 1)2 (5) Solve the dierential equation dy y y = + x sin . dx x x y Hint: Use the substitution v = x . Ans. y = 2x tan1 (Cex ) (6) Solve the dierential equation dy 4x2 = 4xy x2 + y 2 , dx given that when x = 1, y = 2. Ans. x(x + y)2 = 9(x y)2
1

(7) Reduce the dierential equation dy y2 = x dx to a linear form by writing v = y 2 , and solve it, given that when x = 0, y = 1. Ans. y 2 = 2x2 + 2x + 1 (x + 1)y (8) Solve the dierential equation dy (1 + 2ex )y = , dx x + 2ex given that y(0) = 1. Ans. y = 1 (x + 2ex ) 2 (9) Solve the given initial value problem using separation of variables: dy 2x = 2 y, dx x +2 given that y(0) = 2. Ans. y = x2 + 2 (10) Solve the given initial value problem dy 1 = y + cos x, dx x given that y(1) = 0. 1 Ans. y = sin x + x (cos x cos 1 sin 1) (11) Convert the following dierential equation into two equations of the form v = y and v = F (x, y ) and solve for the general solution, containing two arbitrary constants: dy d2 y +2 = ex . dx2 dx 1 Ans. y = K + 1 ex 2 Ce2x 3 (12) Convert the following dierential equation into two equations of the form v(dv/du) = F (u, v), using u = y(x) and v = y (x). Solve for the general solution, containing two arbitrary constants, if possible: d2 y 2y 2 = 1 + dx dy dx
2

.
C 2 x 4

Ans. y =

+ Kx +

K 2 +1 C

(13) Solve the dierential equation 2y sin x y cos x = y 3 sin x cos x.

1 Find also the particular solution for which y = 1 when x = 2 . Ans. y 2 (C sin2 x) = 2 sin x, y 2 (3 sin2 x) = 2 sin x

(14) The equation of motion for the velocity v(t) of a rocket in a constant gravitational eld g is (M at)v (t) ab = g(M at). In this equation, M is the initial rocket mass in grams and the rocket loses gass at a grams per second at constant velocity b centimeters per second relative to the rocket (all constants are positive). Solve the equation for the position x(t) and velocity v(t). d Hint: Note that v(t) = x(t), and the initial conditions are dt v(0) = 0 and x(0) = Re (radius of the earth). The answers involve the reciprocal and logarithm of M at. 2 b at Ans. x = Re + bt gt + a (M at) ln 1 M 2