Substructure Kondre (right) Dimension of slab and beams (brought from slab sheet) Length of single span = Carriageway

width, Bc = Overall width of Bridge, Bo = No. of main girder = 5 Dimensions of the longitudinal girder is taken as follows: Length (L si ) = 35.000 m Breadth (B si ) Thickness(Tsi) Distance betn girders = = = 0.550 m 1.680 m 2.375 m 35.000 m 7.500 m 10.700 m Check for correctness of data

No. of cross beams = 15 For the design purposes the dimensions of the cross beam is taken as follows: Length (L si ) = 2.375 m Breadth (B si ) = 0.140 m Thickness(Tsi) = 0.300 m Distance betn cross beams = 2.500 m For the design purposes the dimensions of the internal slab is taken as follows: Length (L si ) = 2.500 m Hence, effec.span in long.dir. = Breadth (B si ) = 2.375 m Hence, effec.span in transv.dir. = Thickness(Tsi) = 0.230 m Avg. pavement cover over Slab(T sp ) = 0.075 m kerb/footpath breadth = 0.225 m at bottom and 0.225 m at top height = 1.000 m For design purpose dimension of cantilever slab is taken as Length (L si ) = 1.00 m Breadth (B si ) = 0.600 m from c/c of outer girder Breadth (B si ) = 0.325 m from outer face of outer main girder Breadth of carriageway = 1.000 m from c/c of outer girder 1.016 m from outer face of outer main girder Thickness(Tsi) = 0.230 m at the end Thickness(Tsi) = 0.230 m at outer face of main girder Avg. pavement cover over Slab(T sp ) = 0.08 m

2.360 m 1.825 m

2.2

DESIGN OF RIGHT ABUTMENT

The freebody diagram of the R.C.C Abutment is shown below:

i=0

0.200 0.40 0.23 14.454

CG of Stem from inner vertical face:

A 1= A2= M.A.= A1+A2 = 3.324 2.674 1.327 5.998

Pa

0.600

CG =

0.221

b = 90 A Dimensions taken for the design of abutment: Retaining wall Length = 9.500 Breadth = 0.600 Height = 14.454 Ballast wall Length = 9.500 Breadth = 0.400 Breadth of ret. wall = 0.200 Height = 1.000 Return wall No. = 2 Breadth = 0.200

m
m at bottom

m m m m m

Bottom level of base = Road level = 0.23 m at top 1.25 CG of retain. wall from point A = 0.221 m

0.000 5.000 ######

height of superstr. plus bearing without pav.cover Height of Return wall H1= 0.7

Page 1

Substructure Kondre (right) Length = Total height of abutment = Approach slab Length = Breadth = Thickness = Foundation is open foundation Length = Width Height of footing = Volume = 2.2.1 CALCULATION OF LOAD 6.000 m Height of Return wall H2= 15.454 m 0.4

5.000 m 3.000 m 0.200 m 6.000 m 2.750 m 0.900 14.850 m3 1.250 W =

16.354 -11.354

Heel Toe

1.000 m 1.000 m

0.750 0.750

356.40 KN

STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD S.N Elements Unit rm cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum No. L(m) B(m) H(m) Volume Unit Wt 142.40 0.41 20.03 16.02 23.95 5.32 6.41 154.86 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.06 24 22 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Total Wtfrom c/c e 8.54 9.72 440.55 384.48 574.80 127.73 153.79 ###### 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.86 ##### 2709 KN

Dead Load of Superstructure 1 Hand rails 6.368 2 Railing posts 3 Wearing course 4 Kerbs 5 Deck slab i) rectangle ii)trapezoid 6 Main Girder i) fillets ii) webs 7 Internal Cross Girder i) fillets ii) webs 8 End Cross Girder i) fillets ii) webs

4 35.60 18 0.15 0.15 1.00 1 35.60 7.50 0.08 2 35.60 0.23 1.00 1 35.60 2.93 0.23 2 35.60 0.33 0.23 8 35.60 0.30 0.15 5 35.60 0.60 1.45 0 1.83 0.15 0.15 0 1.83 0.14 0.07 2 1.83 0.15 0.15 2 1.83 0.14 0.07 Total Dead load of the superstructure Total DL coming to one abutment =

Dead Load of Abutment retaining wall return walls ballast wall

9.500 6.000 9.500

0.415 0.200 0.400

14.454 0.55 1.00

56.98 1.32 3.80

24 1367.64 24 31.68 24 91.20 1490.52

0.000 m 2.208 m 0.007 m

STRESS DUE TO LIVE LOAD Live load due to class A loading: Maximum load on the given abutment is produced when the train of load is positioned as shown in the figure: Axle Load,KN 27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68 xi , m 35.0 33.8 29.5 26.5 23.5 20.5 yi 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 load, KN 114.0 110.1 57.3 51.5 45.7 39.8 Maximum total live load = 418.4 KN Load due to impact = 418.37714 x 0.110 = 45.919 KN Live load including impact = 418.4 + 45.919 = 464.3 KN Live load due to class AA wheeled loading: Axle Load,KN xi , m yi load, KN Maximum total live load = Load due to impact = Live load including impact = Live load due to class AA tracked loading: Maximum total live load = Load due to impact = Live load including impact =

200 19.0 0.54 108.6 210.28571 210.3

200 17.8 0.51 101.71 210.3 KN x 0.18 = + 37.851429 =

37.851 KN 248.1 KN

664 664.0

664.0 KN x +

0.1 = 66.4 =

66.4 KN 730.4 KN

Page 2

Substructure Kondre (right) Out of above three loadings class AA tracked loading gives maximum load to abutment. Maximum live load to abutment = 730.4 KN CALCULATIONOF EARTH PRESSURE FOR RETAINING WALL Horizontal earth pressure due to backfil
Corresponding to

F= g =

30 of the backfill material 18 KN/m3 0.2973 g' = 8 KN/m3

Ka =
2

Coulomb's theory applicable = sin 20

)
600.5 KN/m = 218.570 KN/m

Ep1 = Ko x g h /2 = 639.1 KN/m h= 15.454 m Horizontal component of earth pressure = 639.1 cos 20 which acts at 0.42 x h = 6.49 m from the top of footing base. Vertical component of earth pressure = 639.1 x which acts at 0.221 m inward from the CG of wall. Total Horizontal Thrust, E1 = Ep1 x L = Total Vertical Thrust, E2 = Ep2 x L = WEIGHT OF BACKFILL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT Wb = 9.1 x 1.000 x 15.5 x 18 5704.9 KN 2076.4 KN

2531.37 KN

STRESS DUE TO SEISMIC FORCES Horizontal Forces due to seismicity are computed using the formula as shown in IS Code 1893 or IRC - 6 F eq = where

axbx l xG
0.08 for the zone V of seismic intensity 1.2 for medium soil with isolated footing 1 importance factor 0.096 = = = = = = = 0.096 x 7.727 m 0.096 14.45 + 15.319 m x 2709.05 0.025 + = 260.1 KN 1.68 / 2 =

a= b= l=

Thus seismic coefficient is taken as a. Seismic force due to Superstructure height of action of the force

b.

Seismic force due to Abutment act at cg of abutment Seismic force due to Back fill acts at cg

0.096 x 7.727 m 2531.4 =

1491 =

143.1 KN

c.

243.01 KN

The critical case will be when seismic force acts in the direction of traffic. But according to IRC 6-1966 (222.7) "The seismic force due to live load shall not be considered when acting in the direction of traffic,..". STRESS DUE TO WATER CURRENT Horizontal Thrust due to water current is ignored, because it usually contributes to the stability of the wall and the load case with seismic condition does not concide with HFL.

STRESS DUE TO LONGITUDINAL FORCES Due to Tractive Effort or Braking Force Braking Force due to Class AA tracked load = @20% of live load/2 = = height of the line of action of the brake from the road level = height of the bearing level from the top of base =

1/2 to one abutment 55.4 KN 1.2 m 14.454 m

Due to Resistance in Bearing (Temperature)

Page 3

Substructure Kondre (right) Severe moment is produced when the LL is within span. Assume frictional coeff. = = Frictional resistance at free bearing Frictional resistance of fixed bearing Unbalanced frictional force = Line of action of the force from the bottom of the abutment = STRESS DUE TO WIND LOAD Exposed height of structure = depth of the beams + thickness of slab + + height of kerb = = 2.68 m 93.8 m 6.000 m 0.73 KN/m 107 km/hr = = 773.9 KN 687.9 KN 86.0 KN 14.454 m 0.225 in free bearing 0.2 in other bearing

Exposed area contributing to wind pressure = Avg. height of superstructure from the bed = intensity of wind load velocity of wind The design is to be conducted for one span only loaded with class A train of vehicle Length of Class A train a. b. Wind Force on Surface (SS) Wind Force on Moving vehicle Class A train acts at 1.5 m above road level = =

= =

20.4 m 0.73 x 93.8 = 68.474 KN

20.4 x =

-9.854 129.7 KN

3 = m

61.2 KN

Maximum load is obtained in exposed area = For lateral direction wind load acts at

= =

129.7 KN 15.454 m

SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF ABUTMENTS S.No. 1 1.1 1.2 Load Superstructure Dead load of SS(D) Live Load of SS (L) including impact Substructure DL of abutment(E) Retaining wall Return wall - Top section Ballast wall Backfill (BF) Earth pressure (EP) (EP1) Vertical (KN) Horizontal (KN) Arm Later. (m) Moment (KN) Longit. Later. 0.48 1297.0 0.48 209.7

Longit. dir

2709.1 438.0

1367.6 31.7 91.2 2531 35062.779 Taking Rankin's earth pressure coefficient. 5704.9

0.00 -2.21 -0.01 0.00

-69.9 -0.7 0.0

6.49 ######

3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

Due to overburden(EP2) Frontal passive soil mass (EPp) Buoyancy (B) Longitudinal force Tractive force (T) Due to temperature (F) Wind Load Centrifugal force (CF) Thrust due to water current (WC) Seismic forces (FS) on superstructure on abutment on live load from backfill

55.40 85.99 129.67

14.45 800.8 14.45 1242.8 15.45 2003.982

130.03 71.54 121.51

260.07 143.09

260.07 143.09 42.05 243.01 243.011

15.32 3984.0 3983.994 7.73 1105.7 1105.654 16.95 712.8818 7.727 1877.7 1877.746

Load combination Group II (Normal+Temp. condition) D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 + Ep3+ T + F + CF 4638 5846 129.7 ##### 2004.0

Page 4

Substructure Kondre (right) Load combination Group IV (for Seismic dry condition) D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 + T + F + CF + FS Note: Moment is taken at the critical section at the bottom of the ABUTMENT 2.2.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ABUTMENT RETAINING WALL

7492

6492

688.2

#####

7680.3

Design of the returning wall will be done based on normal loading condition, but checked on maximum loading Design parameters Vertical force = 4638 KN (Under combination group IV the permissible increase of stress is Long. Moment = 40508 KN-m 50%, hence Combination I governs the design longitudinal moment) Substructures are designed using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel reinforcement Parameters for RCC design sck = 20 N/mm2

Conccrete M20 Steel

sy =

415 N/mm2

Page 5

Substructure Kondre (right) Approximate Area of Steel reinforcement required is calculated considering singly reinforced beam theory Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = Provide Required spacing = 234060 mm2 Ast = Provide at 490.625 mm2 100 mm c/c

25 mm dia. bars 0.9 mm c/c

Decrease spacing !

Area of reinforcement provided, Ast = r=

45873.438 mm2 0.8047971 % >

0.2 %

At the frontal face, the design moment is greatly reduced because of lack of earth pressure. Therefore on this side provide only 50 % of the main reinforcement Ast = 234060 x0.5 = 117030 mm2 Ast = Provide at 29359 mm2 314 mm2 100 mm c/c

Provide Required spacing =

20 mm dia. bars 20 1.2 mm c/c

Decrease specing !

Area of reinforcement provided, Ast =

Same spacing of reinforcement is provided on the side faces of the abutment. Distribution re-bar Providing 0.12% of cross sectional area = Provide Required spacing = 12 mm dia. bars 314.0 mm c/c

0.0012 x Ast = Provide at

600 x 1000=

720 mm2

113.04 mm2 250 mm c/c

at both faces.

ok

Check for stresses

Normal Thrust , W = Bending Moment = Ecentricity, e = breadth, b = Total depth , D = Effective depth, d = Compressive steel cover, dc = Tensile steel cover, dt =

(For seismic condition)

Conccrete M20 7492018 ######### 6336.850 9500 600 512.5 75 75 N N-mm > m= Steel 128.125 mm 0.0

Parameters for RCC design

sck = sy =

20 N/mm2 415 N/mm2

mm mm mm mm mm mm

Ac = At =

29359 mm2 45873.44 mm2

Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) =178050.265 mm2/m

x=

0.87*y*Ast 0.36*ck*b

8928 mm

150 mm say

Check for shear stress: Critical secion for shear in case of abutment stem is considered at distance d = of base slab. Horizontal force due to soil pressure = 5559.80 KN Breaking force = 55.40 KN Longitudinal force due to temperature effect = 85.99 KN Shear force V = 5701.18 KN Shear stress tc = V/(b d) = 0.744 N/mm2 Mpa for M20 concrete p=

512.5 mm from the junction

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8

Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2 b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200 The design of ballest wall and return wall will be as in left side abutment. 2.1.3 DESIGN OF BALLAST WALL

4.05%

0.28 Mpa for M20 concrete

<

2 0.744 N/mm

Page 6

Substructure Kondre (right)

RCC balast wall (as shown in the figure) monolithic to the abutment has been designed. 0.40 m

CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD STRESSES Dead load from the approach slab (triangular portion) = = Dead load of the Ballast wall = = Earth pressure from the back fill r= ca = LIVE LOAD STRESS CALCULATION Class AA (tr) load component on wall , LL = = = = e=

1.000 m

36 KN 3.7894737 KN/m 91.2 KN 9.6 KN/m

= 21 KN/m3 0.2973

ca x r x h2 /2 =

3.12 KN/m

Add impact to live load @ , I =

0.1

291.667 30.702 3.070 0.15

KN KN/m KN/m m from axis of ballast wall 51.0 KN 5.4 KN/m

Horizontal Load due to braking of train of vehicle class A vehicle, T =(0.2 ) x(27+114*2) = (Front vehicle only considered) Compaction load is maximum at the depth of 1.2m from the top. P comp = 25.2 KN/m Maximum shear force on section I-I H = T or Pcopm+ Ep = V = DL + LL + I =

28.3 KN/m 47.2 KN/m

Moment given due to the forces on the critical section I - I at the base of the ballast wall M = ( LL + I) x e + T x h + Ep x h /3 = = 17.92 KN-m/m Area of vertical steel reinforcement required Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) =165.746387 mm2/m Provide 12 mm dia bars @ Area of steel provided = Provide 12 mm dia bars @ Area of steel provided = Horizontal links are provided of Stresses at the section, Shear stress,tmax = 0.083 N/mm2
N/mm2

200 c/c

for the continuation of bar from retaining wall 565.2 mm2/m 200 c/c on the opposite face 565.2 mm2/m 12 mm dia. bars @ 200 c/c

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax = 2.8 Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm
2

p=

0.28%

0.28 0.38 Mpa for M20 concrete

2.1.4

tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200 DESIGN OF RETURN WALLS

>

2 0.083 N/mm ok

Page 7

Substructure Kondre (right) These will be monolithic with the back wall. They are joined together through 300 mm x 300 mm fillets. The loads acting on the wing wall (return wall) would be earth pressure and horizontal force to kerb as specified in the code. STRESS DUE TO VERTICAL LOADS All the stresses are calculated for the critical section I-I at the bottom face of the abutment Dead load of the returnwall = 6.000 x Vert. LL from Class A load = Add Impact due to LL @ 0.25= STRESSES DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES Horizontal Thrust due to DL+LL+IL=q*L*ka acts at h/2 0.28 m Moment due to hor. component of vertical loads = Earth pressure from the backfill = Moment due to earth pressure = Momt due to later. force = Total horz. uniformly distributed load = Total Moment = 433.26 + depth required = where b = ( Provide overall depth = Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = = 24.070 KN/m from the top of foundation 433.2636 KN-m/r.m ka x rs x h^2/2 16.998 KN-m 7.5 KN/m for the curb as per code = 135.000 24.07 17.00 + M /( 0.138ck b ) 700 + 650 mm + 135.000 = = 0.94 KN/m 168.72 KN 42.18 KN 56.24 14.06

0.550

0.200

x 24 = =

15.84 KN 2.64 KN/m

KN/m KN/m

KN-m 7.5 = 32.51 KN/m

0.94 + 585.26 620.925 mm 550 mm

= 400 ) / 2 =

3530.97 mm2/m

Tensile steel re-bar equired = 3530.97 mm2 Provide 25 mm dia. bars Required spacing = 139.0 mm c/c 2.2.3 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION Foundation is designed as open foundation of the rectangular shape Length = 6.00 m Breadth = 2.75 m heel toe width of abutment Height = 0.9 m Concrete cover 75 mm DEAD LOAD due to foundation = CALCULATIONOF EARTH PRESSURE FOR FOUNDATION Horizontal earth pressure due to backfill Ka = 0.2973 As calculated earlier for abutment stem.

Ast = Provide at

490.87 mm2 150 mm c/c

Decrease specing !

1.000 m 1.000 m 0.600 m

356.4 KN

( Coulomb's theory applicable

Ep1 = Ka x g h2 /2 = 715.66 KN/m h = 16.354 m Horizontal component of earth pressure = 715.7 x cos 20 which acts at 0.42 x h = 6.87 m from the bottom of footing base. Pressure due to surcharge: As approach slab has been provided no surcharge load is to be taken as per code. WEIGHT OF BACKFILL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT Wb = Wf = acts at 6.000 6.000 x x 0.8 1.000 1.000 m x 15.454 x 0 from centre of abutment = = = = x x 18.00 = 18.00 =

672.499 KN/m

1669.0 KN 0.0 KN

Seismic force due to Foundation act at cg of abutment Seismic force due to back fill act at cg of backfill SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

0.096 x 0.45 m 0.096 x 8.627 m

356.4 =

34.214 KN

1669.0 = 160.23 KN from the bottom of foundation base

Page 8

Substructure Kondre (right) S.No. 1 1.1 1.2 Load Superstructure Dead load of SS(D) Live Load on SS including impact (L) Substructure DL of abutment(E) Retaining wall Return wall Ballast wall Backfill (BF) Backfill (FR) Earth pressure (EP) Triangular dry(EP1) Due to overburden(EP2) Frontal passive soil mass (EPp) DL of foundation Buoyancy (B) Longitudinal force Breaking (breaking) force (T) Due to temperature (F) Wind Load Vertical (KN) Horiz
(KN)

L. arm M[r] (m) KN-m 0.8 2224.79 0.8 359.705

M(o)
KN-m

2709.05 438.0

1367.64 31.68 91.20 1669.03

1.3 1777.93 3.5 111.118 1.3 118.56 2.10 3504.97

6388.7 0.00 356.40

-6.9 0 1.4 490.05

-43882

3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

55.40 85.99

-15.4 -15.4

-850.6 -1320

Centrifugal force (CF) Thrust due to water current (WC) Seismic forces (FS) on superstructure on abutment on live load on foundation from backfill Load combination Group I (N+T condition) D + L + I + E + Ep1+ Ep2 +BF+ T + F + CF Load combination Group IV (for Seismic dry condition) D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 +BF+ T + F + CF + FS Note: Moment is taken about the toe for check against overturning .

130.03 71.54 17.11 80.11 6663.0 6961.8

260.1 143.1 34.2 160.2 6530 7128

-15.3 -7.7 -0.5 -8.6

-1992 -552.8 0 -7.698 -691.1 8587.12 -46053 8587 -48446

403.82 For Normal condition P= 6663 KN Mnet = Mr-Mo= -37465.918 x = Mnet/P= -5.6229806 e = b/2-x'= 6.9979806 > b/6, hence tesion Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = 6569.444 KN/m2 Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = -5761.807 KN/m2 Where, A=b x d = 16.5 m2 CHECK AGAINST OVERTURNING Case: Normal Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov= Case: Seismic Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov= For Seismic condition P= 6962 KN Mnet = Mr-Mo= -39859 x = Mnet/P= -5.7254 e = b/2-x'= 7.10 Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) =

KN-m m > b/6, hence tesion 6958.3 KN/m2 -6114 KN/m2

8587.1227 8587.1227

/ /

46053 = 48446 =

0.2 0.2

> 2.0 Safe >1.5 Safe

CHECK AGAINST SLIDING Case : Normal The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out = ###### KN The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil) = 6225.00 x 0.45 = 2801.25 KN The sliding force is the horizontal forces = 6474.72 KN Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= 2801.25 / 6474.7 = 0.433 >1.5 Hence Safe (f= 0.45 soil/concrete) Case: Seismic The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out = ###### The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil) = 6523.80 x 0.45 = 2935.71 KN

Page 9

Substructure Kondre (right) The sliding force is the horizontal forces = Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
E A F D
G

7072.32 2935.71

KN /

7072.3 =

0.415 >1.25 Hence Safe

C B
#####

Wt of toe slab =

21.6 KN/m2

6569.44 KN/m2

Design of toe slab:

1412.739

-1277.72

1.000 m

0.600 m 2.75 m

1.000 m

Pressure distribution diagram

Moment about EF =

2414.47 KN-m d= M /( 0.138ck b ) 564.0 mm Adopt D = 600 mm d= 500 mm Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = 16752 mm2 Using 16 mm dia bar, spacing = Adopt 16 mm dia bar, spacing =

6547.84

####

concrete grede : Steel grade :

M 20 Fe 415

2414.47

Minimum reinforc. as per code = 1000 mm2 12.0 mm 150 mm c/c Area of re-bar provided = 1339.733 mm2 500 6548 3969 1391 6054

Check for shear stress:

In toe critical section for shear is considered at a distance from abutment stem. Shear force at critical section V = Shear stress = V/(b d) = 15776.00 KN 5.259 N/mm2 0.5 m d =

b=

6.00 m

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Mpa for M20 concrete Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m ) Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2 b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall p= tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200

0.037% 0.04 2 0.280 N/mm2 < 5.259 N/mm Not ok. Revise section or provide shear re-bar

Design of heel slab:

Upward pressure on the heel slab varies from -5761.8073 Kn/m2 to -1277.72 Kn/m2 In addition to the upward pressure the heel slab is subjected to downward pressure due to the self weight of heel slab and weight of earth fill on heel slab: Down pressure due to self weight = 14.4 KN/m2 Down pressure due to backfill = 278.172 KN/m2 292.572 KN/m2 1570 Net down pressure = Moment about DG= d= M /( 0.138ck b ) Adopt 6054 1570 2279.841 908.862 KN/m2 KN/m2 KN-m mm max min

1.000 m

D= 600 mm d= 500 mm Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = 15818 mm2 Using 16 mm dia bar, specing = Adopt 16 mm dia bar, specing =

Minimum reinforc. as per code = 1000 mm2 13 mm 150 mm c/c Area of re-bar provided = 1339.7 mm2

Page 10

Substructure Kondre (right) Distribution re-bar 0.12/100 x

900 Using Adopt

1080 mm2/runnig meter 12 mm dia bar, specing = 209.3 mm 12 mm dia bar, specing = 200 mm c/c

at top and bottom

Check for shear stress:

Since the load on the heel is predominantly downward, it induces tensile reactio at its junction with stem. Hence the critical section for shear for the heel slab is considered at the face of support. Shear force V = 22874.002 KN b= 6.00 m Shear stress = V/(b d) = 7.625 N/mm2 Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m )
N/mm2

Mpa for M20 concrete

Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2 b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200

p= 0.28 N/mm2

0.037%

0.04
2 7.6247 N/mm

<

Not ok. Revise section or p

Page 11

Substructure Kondre (right)

Page 12

Substructure Kondre (right)

i
Pa

Weight of soil is not to be considered in Coulumb's Theroy.

d 90-b

Ws

Pa i

Page 13

Substructure Kondre (right) Weight of soil is not to be considered in Coulumb's Theroy.

d 90-b
b Coulomb b

Pa i

i 0 h= a= Coul. Rankin

F 30 30 60

b 90

d 20

Rankin Weight of soil is also to be considered in Rankin's Theroy. a

Let us find out which theory is applicable: 1.7321 m < 15.454 m hence Coulomb's theory applicable Ka= 0.2973 0.3333

0.75 0.9397 2.6845 1 0.75 0.5

1.5

Hor pressure from Rankin's theory = Horizontal thrust = 6806.5 acts at

716.48 KN/m 5.15 m from the top of foundation footing.

Page 14

Substructure Kondre (right)

Page 15

Substructure Kondre (right)

Page 16

Substructure Kondre (right)

Decrease specing !

Page 17

Substructure Kondre (right)

Page 18

Substructure Kondre (right)

Page 19

Substructure Kondre (right)

> b/6, hence tesion

Page 20

Substructure Kondre (right)

Page 21

Substructure Kondre (right)

Not ok. Revise section or provide shear re-bar

Page 22

Dimension of slab and beams (brought from slab sheet) Length of single span = Carriageway width, Bc = Overall width of Bridge, Bo = No. of main girder = 3 Dimensions of the longitudinal girder is taken as follows: Length (L si ) = 8.000 m Breadth (B si ) Thickness(Tsi) Distance betn girders = = = 0.600 m 0.750 m 2.400 m 8.000 m 3.000 m 6.000 m

Check for correctness of data

No. of cross beams = 2 For the design purposes the dimensions of the cross beam is taken as follows: Length (L si ) = 3.000 m Breadth (B si ) = 0.600 m Thickness(Tsi) = 0.900 m Distance betn cross beams = 8.000 m For the design purposes the dimensions of the internal slab is taken as follows: Length (L si ) = 8.600 m Hence, effec.span in long.dir. = Breadth (B si ) = 3.600 m Hence, effec.span in transv.dir. = Thickness(Tsi) = 0.200 m Avg. pavement cover over Slab(T sp ) = 0.070 m kerb/footpath breadth = 1.000 m at bottom and 0.225 m at top height = 0.500 m For design purpose dimension of cantilever slab is taken as Length (L si ) = 1.00 m Breadth (B si ) = 0.600 m from c/c of outer girder Breadth (B si ) = 0.300 m from outer face of outer main girder Breadth of carriageway = 2.400 m from c/c of outer girder 0.300 m from outer face of outer main girder Thickness(Tsi) = 0.200 m at the end Thickness(Tsi) = 0.200 m at outer face of main girder Avg. pavement cover over Slab(T sp ) = 0.07 m

2.2

DESIGN OF RIGHT ABUTMENT

The freebody diagram of the R.C.C Abutment is shown below:

0.20 0.60 d 3.100

i=0 Pa

CG of Stem from inner vertical face:

A 1= A2= M.A.= 1.860 0.233 0.709

3.100

A1+A2 =

2.093

0.750 A

b = 90

CG =

0.339

Dimensions taken for the design of abutment: Retaining wall Length = 6.000 Breadth = 0.750 Height = 3.100 Ballast wall Length = 6.000 Breadth = 0.200 Height = 1.000 Return wall No. = 2 Breadth = 0.200 Length = 6.000 Total height of abutment = Approach slab Length = Breadth = Thickness = Foundation is open foundation Length = Width Height of footing = Volume = 2.2.1 CALCULATION OF LOAD STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD S.N Elements Dead Load of Superstructure 1 Hand rails 6.368 2 Railing posts 3 Wearing course 4 Kerbs 5 Deck slab i) rectangle ii)trapezoid 6 Main Girder i) fillets ii) webs 7 Internal Cross Girder i) fillets ii) webs 8 End Cross Girder i) fillets ii) webs

m
m at bottom

m m m m

Bottom level of base = Road level = 0.60 m at top 1.25 CG of retain. wall from point A = 0.339 m

height of superstr. plus bearing without pav.cover Height of Return wall H1= Height of Return wall H2= 4.100 m 0.7 0.4

m m

5.000 m 3.000 m 0.200 m 6.000 m 2.750 m 0.900 14.850 m3 1.250 W =

5.000 0.000

Heel Toe

1.000 m 1.000 m

0.750 0.750

356.40 KN

Unit rm cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum cum

No.

L(m)

B(m)

H(m) Volume 34.40 0.11 1.81 5.27 5.16 1.03 0.77 8.51 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.02

4 8.60 5 0.15 0.15 1 8.60 3.00 2 8.60 0.61 1 8.60 3.00 2 8.60 0.30 4 8.60 0.30 3 8.60 0.60 0 2.40 0.15 0 2.40 0.60 2 2.40 0.15 2 2.40 0.60 Total Dead load of the superstructure Total DL coming to one abutment =

1.00 0.07 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.55 0.15 0.70 0.15 0.70

Dead Load of Abutment retaining wall return walls ballast wall

6.000 6.000 6.000

0.675 0.200 0.200

3.100 0.55 1.00

12.56 1.32 1.20

24 24 24

301.32 31.68 28.80 361.80

STRESS DUE TO LIVE LOAD Live load due to class A loading: Maximum load on the given abutment is produced when the train of load is positioned as shown in the figure: Axle Load,KN 27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68 xi , m 8.0 6.8 2.5 -0.5 -3.5 -6.5 yi 1.0 0.9 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.8 load, KN 114.0 96.9 21.3 -4.3 -29.8 -55.3 Maximum total live load = 142.9 KN Load due to impact = 142.9 x 0.321 = 45.932 KN Live load including impact = 142.9 + 45.932 = 188.8 KN Live load due to class AA wheeled loading: Axle Load,KN xi , m yi load, KN Maximum total live load = Load due to impact = Live load including impact = Live load due to class AA tracked loading: Maximum total live load = Load due to impact = Live load including impact =

200 19.0 2.38 475.0 920 920.0

200 17.8 2.23 445.00 920.0 KN x +

0.18 = 165.6 =

165.6 KN 1085.6 KN

542.5 542.5

542.5 KN x +

0.1 = 54.25 =

54.25 KN 596.8 KN

Out of above three loadings class AA tracked loading gives maximum load to abutment. Maximum live load to abutment = 1085.6 KN CALCULATIONOF EARTH PRESSURE FOR RETAINING WALL Horizontal earth pressure due to backfil
Corresponding to

F= g =

30 of the backfill material 18 KN/m3 0.2973 g' = 8 KN/m3

Ka =
2

Coulomb's theory applicable

)
42.3 =

Ep1 = Ko x g h /2 = 45.0 KN/m h= 4.100 m Horizontal component of earth pressure = 45.0 cos 20 = which acts at 0.42 x h = 1.72 m from the top of footing base. Vertical component of earth pressure = 45.0 x sin 20 which acts at 0.339 m inward from the CG of wall. Total Horizontal Thrust, E1 = Ep1 x L = 253.6 KN

Total Vertical Thrust, E2 = Ep2 x L = WEIGHT OF BACKFILL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT Wb = 5.6 x 1.000 x

92.3 KN

4.1

18

413.28

STRESS DUE TO SEISMIC FORCES Horizontal Forces due to seismicity are computed using the formula as shown in IS Code 1893 or IRC - 6 F eq = wherea = b=

axbx l xG
0.08 for the zone V of seismic intensity 1.2 for medium soil with isolated footing 1 importance factor 0.096 = = = = = = = 0.096 x 2.05 m 0.096 3.10 + 3.5 m x 296.058 0.025 +

l=

Thus seismic coefficient is taken as a. Seismic force due to Superstructure height of action of the force

b.

Seismic force due to Abutment act at cg of abutment Seismic force due to Back fill acts at cg

0.096 x 2.05 m 413.28 =

362

c.

The critical case will be when seismic force acts in the direction of traffic. But according to IRC 6-1966 (222.7) "The seismic force due to li load shall not be considered when acting in the direction of traffic,..". STRESS DUE TO WATER CURRENT Horizontal Thrust due to water current is ignored, because it usually contributes to the stability of the wall and the load case with seismic condition does not concide with HFL.

STRESS DUE TO LONGITUDINAL FORCES Due to Tractive Effort or Braking Force Braking Force due to Class AA tracked load = @20% of live load/2 = = height of the line of action of the brake from the road level = height of the bearing level from the top of base =

55.4 KN 1.2 3.100 m

Due to Resistance in Bearing (Temperature) Severe moment is produced when the LL is within span. Assume frictional coeff. = 0.225

= Frictional resistance at free bearing Frictional resistance of fixed bearing = = 310.9 KN 276.3 KN 34.5 KN 3.100 m

0.2

Unbalanced frictional force = Line of action of the force from the bottom of the abutment = STRESS DUE TO WIND LOAD Exposed height of structure

= depth of the beams + thickness of slab + + height of kerb = = 1.25 m Exposed area contributing to wind pressure = Avg. height of superstructure from the bed = intensity of wind load = velocity of wind = The design is to be conducted for one span only loaded with class A train of vehicle Length of Class A train a. b. Wind Force on Surface (SS) Wind Force on Moving vehicle Class A train acts at 1.5 m above road level = = 20.4 m 0.73 x

10 m 6.000 m 0.73 KN/m 107 km/hr

10 =

20.4 x =

1.500 68.5 KN

3= m

Maximum load is obtained in exposed area = For lateral direction wind load = acts at = SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF ABUTMENTS S.N o. 1

68.5 KN 4.100 m

Load

Vertical (KN)

Horizontal (KN)
Longit. dir Later.

Superstructure 1.1 Dead load of SS(D) 1.2 Live Load of SS (L) including impact Substructure DL of abutment(E) Retaining wall Return wall - Top section Ballast wall Backfill (BF) Earth pressure (EP) (EP1) Due to overburden(EP2)

296.1 438.0

301.3 31.7 28.8 413 413.526 Taking Rankin's earth pressure coefficient. 253.6

3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

Frontal passive soil mass (EPp) Buoyancy (B) Longitudinal force Tractive force (T) Due to temperature (F) Wind Load Centrifugal force (CF) Thrust due to water current (WC) Seismic forces (FS) on superstructure on abutment on live load from backfill

Taking Rankin's earth pressure coefficient.

55.40 34.54 68.50

14.21 17.37 19.84

28.42 34.73 42.05 39.675 39.6749

28.42 34.73

Load combination Group II (Normal+Temp. condition) D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 + Ep3+ T + F + CF 1096 Load combination Group IV (for Seismic dry condition) D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 + T + F + CF + FS Note: Moment is taken at the critical section at the bottom of the ABUTMENT 2.2.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ABUTMENT RETAINING WALL Design of the returning wall will be done based on normal loading condition, but checked on maximum loading Design parameters Vertical force = 1096 KN (Under combination group IV the permissible increase of stress is Long. Moment = 753 KN-m 50%, hence Combination I governs the design longitudinal moment) Substructures are designed using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel reinforcement Parameters for RCC design sck = 20 N/mm2 1561 344 446 68.5 144.9

Conccrete M20

sy = Steel 415 N/mm2 Approximate Area of Steel reinforcement required is calculated considering singly reinforced beam theory
Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = Provide Required spacing = 3332 mm2 Ast = Provide at 490.625 mm2 100 mm c/c

25 mm dia. bars 88.3 mm c/c

Area of reinforcement provided, Ast = r=

28701.563 mm2 0.6378125 % >

0.2 %

At the frontal face, the design moment is greatly reduced because of lack of earth pressure. Therefore on this side provide only 50 % of the main reinforcement Ast = 3332 x0.5 = 1666 mm2

Provide Required spacing =

20 mm dia. bars 20 113.1 mm c/c

Ast = Provide at 18369 mm2

314 mm2 100 mm c/c

Area of reinforcement provided, Ast =

Same spacing of reinforcement is provided on the side faces of the abutment. Distribution re-bar Providing 0.12% of cross sectional area = Provide Required spacing = 12 mm dia. bars 251.2 mm c/c

0.0012 x Ast = Provide at

750 x 1000=

900

113.04 mm2 250 mm c/c

Check for stresses

Normal Thrust , W = Bending Moment = Ecentricity, e = breadth, b = Total depth , D = Effective depth, d = Compressive steel cover, dc = Tensile steel cover, dt =

(For seismic condition)

Conccrete M20 1560553 ######### 643.948 6000 750 662.5 75 75 N N-mm > m= Steel 165.625 mm 0.0

Parameters for RCC design

sck = sy =

mm mm mm mm mm mm

Ac = At =

18369 mm2 28701.56 mm2

Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d)3768.77108 mm2/m =

x=

0.87*y*Ast 0.36*ck*b

189 mm

150 mm say

Check for shear stress: Critical secion for shear in case of abutment stem is considered at distance d = of base slab. Horizontal force due to soil pressure = 173.25 KN Breaking force = 55.40 KN Longitudinal force due to temperature effect = 34.54 KN Shear force V = 263.19 KN Shear stress tc = V/(b d) = 0.125 N/mm2 Mpa for M20 concrete p=

662.5 mm from the junction

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8

2

Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200 The design of ballest wall and return wall will be as in left side abutment.

0.21%

0.28 Mpa for M20 concrete

2.1.3 DESIGN OF BALLAST WALL RCC balast wall (as shown in the figure) monolithic to the abutment has been designed. 0.20 m

CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD STRESSES Dead load from the approach slab (triangular portion) = = Dead load of the Ballast wall = = Earth pressure from the back fill r= ca = LIVE LOAD STRESS CALCULATION Class AA (tr) load component on wall , LL = = = = e= = 21 KN/m3 0.2973

1.000 m

36 KN 6 KN/m 28.8 KN 4.8 KN/m ca x r x h2 /2 = 3.12 KN/m

Add impact to live load @ , I =

0.1

291.667 48.611 4.861 0.15

KN KN/m KN/m m from axis of ballast wall

Horizontal Load due to braking of train of vehicle class A vehicle, T =(0.2 ) x(27+114*2) = (Front vehicle only considered) Compaction load is maximum at the depth of 1.2m from the top. P comp = 25.2 KN/m Maximum shear force on section I-I H = T or Pcopm+ Ep = V = DL + LL + I =

28.3 KN/m 64.3 KN/m

Moment given due to the forces on the critical section I - I at the base of the ballast wall M = ( LL + I) x e + T x h + Ep x h /3 = = 27.76 KN-m/m Area of vertical steel reinforcement required

Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d)256.816378 mm2/m = Provide 12 mm dia bars @ Area of steel provided = Provide 12 mm dia bars @ Area of steel provided = Horizontal links are provided of Stresses at the section, Shear stress,tmax = 0.202 N/mm2
N/mm2

200 c/c

for the continuation of bar from retaining wall 565.2 mm2/m 200 c/c on the opposite face 565.2 mm2/m 12 mm dia. bars @ 200 c/c

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax = 2.8 Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2 p= tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200 2.1.4 DESIGN OF RETURN WALLS

0.57%

0.57 0.51 Mpa for M20 concrete

These will be monolithic with the back wall. They are joined together through 300 mm x 300 mm fillets. The loads acting on the wing wall (return wall) would be earth pressure and horizontal force to kerb as specified in the code. STRESS DUE TO VERTICAL LOADS All the stresses are calculated for the critical section I-I at the bottom face of the abutment Dead load of the returnwall = 6.000 x 0.550 Vert. LL from Class A load = Add Impact due to LL @ 0.25= STRESSES DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES Horizontal Thrust due to DL+LL+IL=q*L*ka acts at h/2 0.28 m Moment due to hor. component of vertical loads = Earth pressure from the backfill = Moment due to earth pressure = Momt due to later. force = = 24.070 KN/m from the top of foundation 433.2636 KN-m/r.m ka x rs x h^2/2 16.998 KN-m 7.5 KN/m for the curb as per code = 135.000 = 0.94 168.72 KN 42.18 KN 56.24 14.06 KN/m KN/m

0.200

KN-m 7.5

Total horz. uniformly distributed load = 24.07 + 0.94 + Total Moment = 433.26 + 17.00 + 135.000 = 585.26 depth required = M /( 0.138ck b ) = 620.925 mm where b = ( 700 + 400 ) / 2 = 550 mm Provide overall depth = 650 mm Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = 3530.97 mm2/m

Tensile steel re-bar equired = 3530.97 mm2 Provide 25 mm dia. bars Required spacing = 139.0 mm c/c 2.2.3 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION Foundation is designed as open foundation of the rectangular shape Length = 6.00 m Breadth = 2.75 m heel toe width of abutment Height = 0.9 m Concrete cover 75 mm DEAD LOAD due to foundation = CALCULATIONOF EARTH PRESSURE FOR FOUNDATION Horizontal earth pressure due to backfill Ka = 0.2973 As calculated earlier for abutment stem.

Ast = Provide at

490.87 mm2 150 mm c/c

1.000 m 1.000 m 0.750 m

356.4 KN

( Coulomb's theory applicable

Ep1 = Ka x g h2 /2 = 66.90 KN/m h= 5.000 m Horizontal component of earth pressure = 66.9 x cos 20 which acts at 0.42 x h = 2.10 m from the bottom of footing base.

Pressure due to surcharge: As approach slab has been provided no surcharge load is to be taken as per code. WEIGHT OF BACKFILL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT Wb = Wf = acts at 6.000 6.000 x x 0.875 1.000 1.000 m x 4.100 x 0 from centre of abutment = = = = x x 18.00 = 18.00 = 442.8 0.0

Seismic force due to Foundation act at cg of abutment Seismic force due to back fill act at cg of backfill SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF FOUNDATION S.No . Load 1 Superstructure 1.1 Dead load of SS(D) 1.2 Live Load on SS including impact (L) Substructure DL of abutment(E) Retaining wall Return wall Ballast wall Backfill Backfill (BF) (FR)

0.096 x 0.45 m 0.096 x 2.95 m

356.4

442.8 from the bottom of foundation ba

Vertical (KN)

Horiz
(KN)

L. arm (m) 1.2 1.2

296.06 438.0

301.32 31.68 28.80 442.80

1.4 3.7 1.4 2.25

Earth pressure (EP) Triangular dry(EP1) Due to overburden(EP2) Frontal passive soil mass (EPp) DL of foundation 3 Buoyancy (B) 4 Longitudinal force 4.1 Breaking (breaking) force (T) 4.2 Due to temperature (F) 4.3 Wind Load 4.4 Centrifugal force (CF) 4.5 Thrust due to water current (WC) 4.6 Seismic forces (FS) on superstructure on abutment on live load on foundation from backfill Load combination Group I (N+T condition) D + L + I + E + Ep1+ Ep2 +BF+ T + F + CF Load combination Group IV (for Seismic dry condition) D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 +BF+ T + F + CF + FS Note: Moment is taken For Normal condition P= 1895 Mnet = Mr-Mo= x = Mnet/P= e = b/2-x'= Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = Where, A=b x d = about the toe for check against overturning .

377.2 0.00 356.40

-2.1

1.4

55.40 34.54

-4.0 -4.0

14.21 17.37 17.11 21.25 1895.1 1965.0

28.4 34.7 34.2 42.5 467 607

-3.5 -2.1 -0.5 -3.0

KN 1797.12344 0.94832107 0.42667893 ok 221.772 KN/m2 7.932 KN/m2 16.5 m2

For Seismic condition P= 1965 Mnet = Mr-Mo= x = Mnet/P= e = b/2-x'= Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) =

CHECK AGAINST OVERTURNING Case: Normal Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov= Case: Seismic Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov=

2948.9419 2948.9419

/ /

1151.8 = 1086 =

CHECK AGAINST SLIDING Case : Normal The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out = The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil) = 1457.06 x 0.45 = 655.676 The sliding force is the horizontal forces = 411.71 KN Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= 655.68 / 411.7 = (f= 0.45 soil/concrete) Case: Seismic The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out =

The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil) = 1527.00 x 0.45 = 687.149 The sliding force is the horizontal forces = 551.59 KN Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= 687.15 / 551.6 = STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION E A 21.6 KN/m2 221.77 KN/m2 F D G

Design of toe slab: Wt of toe slab =

144.012

85.692

1.000 m

0.750 m 2.75 m

Pressure distribution diagram

Moment about EF =

87.13 KN-m d= M /( 0.138ck b ) 107.1 mm Adopt D = 600 mm d= 500 mm Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) =604 mm2 Using 16 mm dia bar, spacing = Adopt 16 mm dia bar, spacing =

200.17

####

concrete grede : Steel grade :

Minimum reinforc. as per code = 201.1 mm 150 mm c/c Area of re-bar provided =

Check for shear stress:

In toe critical section for shear is considered at a distance from abutment stem. Shear force at critical section V = Shear stress = V/(b d) = 542.20 KN 0.181 N/mm
2

d =

500 ##### 161.3 0.037%

b=

6.00 m

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Mpa for M20 concrete Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m ) Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2 b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall p= tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200

0.5 m

0.280 N/mm2 ok. Shear re-bar is not necessary.

>

Design of heel slab:

Upward pressure on the heel slab varies from 7.93215698 Kn/m2 to 85.69 Kn/m2 In addition to the upward pressure the heel slab is subjected to downward pressure due to the self weight of heel slab and weight of earth fill on heel slab: Down pressure due to self weight = 14.4 KN/m2 Down pressure due to backfill = 73.8 KN/m2 88.2 KN/m2 3 Net down pressure = Moment about DG= d= M /( 0.138ck b ) Adopt 80 3 27.174 99.225 KN/m2 KN/m2 KN-m mm max min

1.000 m

D= d= Ast = Mu/ (0.87xy x 0.7984 x d) = Using 16 Adopt 16 Distribution re-bar 0.12/100 x 900 = Using 12 Adopt 12

600 mm 500 mm 189 mm2 mm dia bar, specing = mm dia bar, specing =

Minimum reinforc. as per code = 201 mm 150 mm c/c Area of re-bar provided =

1080 mm2/runnig meter mm dia bar, specing = 209.3 mm mm dia bar, specing = 200 mm c/c

at top and bottom

Check for shear stress:

Since the load on the heel is predominantly downward, it induces tensile reactio at its junction with stem. Hence the critical section for shear for the heel slab is considered at the face of support. Shear force V = 248.3274 KN b= 6.00 m Shear stress = V/(b d) = 0.083 N/mm2 Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m )
N/mm2

Mpa for M20 concrete

Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2 b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = From Table 19 of IS 456-200

p= 0.28 N/mm2

0.037%

>

k for correctness of data

8.000 m 3.000 m

0.000 5.000 ######

Unit Wt

Total Wt from c/c e

0.06 2.06 24 2.70 22 39.73 24 126.42 24 123.84 24 24.77 24 18.58 24 204.34 24 0.00 24 0.00 24 1.30 24 48.38 592.12 296.1 KN

0.000 m 2.338 m 0.238 m

i Pa Weight of soil is not to be considered in Coulumb's Theroy.

d 90-b
b Coulomb b

Ws

i 0 h= a= KN/m 15.384 KN/m Coul. Rankin

F 30 30 60

b 90

d 20 Let us find out which theory is applicable: 1.7321 m < 4.100 m hence Ka= 0.2973 0.3333

0.75 0.9397 2.6845 1 0.75 0.5

1.5

Hor pressure from Rankin's theory = Horizontal thrust = 302.6 acts at

50.43 KN/m 1.37 m from the top of foundation footing.

KN

= 28.42 KN 0.75 / 2 =

34.73 KN

39.675 KN

6 (222.7) "The seismic force due to live

1/2 to one abutment m

in free bearing

in other bearing

7.3 KN

61.2 KN

Arm (m) 0.16 0.16

Moment (KN) Longit. Later. 47.7 70.6

0.00 -2.34 -0.24 0.00 1.72

-74.1 -6.8 0.0 436.7

3.10 3.10 4.10

171.7 107.1 280.85

3.50 2.05 5.60 2.05

99.5 99.47549 71.2 71.20224 235.4688 81.3 81.3335

752.9 1004.9

280.9 487.5

le increase of stress is gn longitudinal

Decrease spacing !

ok

mm2

at both faces.

ok

Parameters for RCC design 20 N/mm2 415 N/mm2

mm from the junction

>

2 0.125 N/mm

51.0 KN 8.5 KN/m

rom retaining wall

>

2 0.202 N/mm ok

specified in the code.

x 24 = =

15.84 KN 2.64 KN/m

KN/m

32.51 KN/m

Decrease specing !

62.8613 KN/m

KN KN

34.214 KN

= 42.509 KN from the bottom of foundation base

M[r]
KN-m

M(o)
KN-m

359.382 531.683

414.315 117.612 39.6 996.3

-792.1 0 490.05

-221.6 -138.2

-49.74 -35.6 0 -7.698 -62.7 2948.94 2949 -1152 -1086

114.85

eismic condition KN 1862.99 0.94809 0.43 =P/A*(1+6*e/b) = =P/A*(1-6*e/b) =

KN-m m ok 230.02 KN/m2 8.1638 KN/m2

2.6 2.7

> 2.0 Safe >1.5 Safe

###### KN KN 1.593 >1.5 Hence Safe soil/concrete) ######

KN 1.246 >1.25 Hence Safe

C B
7.9

1.000 m

M 20 Fe 415

87.1259

rc. as per code =

1000 mm2

Area of re-bar provided = 1339.733

mm2

0.04
2 0.181 N/mm

122.4

80

1000 mm2

of re-bar provided =

1339.7 mm2

0.04
2 0.0828 N/mm

ok

i Pa i Rankin Weight of soil is also to be considered in Rankin's Theroy. a theory is applicable: Coulomb's theory applicable

ndation footing.