microcontroller

480,000,000*. Thats how many microcontrollers NEC Electronics shipped in 2003. If you need an MCU, doesnt it make sense to buy from the supplier of choice for so many?

ISSUE 1 | WINTER 2004

Welcome to the first issue of the NEC Electronics Microcontroller Newsletter. Its filled with news about microcontrollers, development tools, and other info of interest to designers and decision-makers.

IN THIS ISSUE
MCU SOLUTIONS

Low-Pin-Count MCUs Tech Tip Motor Control Made Easy

D E S I G N TO O L S

1 1 2

MCU SOLUTIONS

Low-cost, low-pin-count, self-programming flash microcontrollers

The 78K0S/Kx1+ series of 8-bit flash microcontrollers is the latest addition to NEC Electronics extensive K1 family. Available in 16-, 20-, and 30-pin packages, these devices offer designers low-cost, low-pin-count solutions with a small footprint and single-voltage self-programming flash memory. Reliability-enhancing peripherals The 78K0S/Kx1+ devices share a number of safety features common to all members of the K1 family. Power-on-reset (POR) circuitry, a low-voltage indicator (LVI) with a programmable threshold, a fail-safe clock and a watchdog timer that can be driven by an internal or external clock all serve to enhance system reliability. An on-chip, quick-start 8 MHz precision ring oscillator with a programmable prescaler conserves board space and pins, while offering designers the flexibility to balance performance and power. Other features include an advanced four-channel 10-bit A/D converter, support for LIN bus modes, and an interval timer with PWM outputs. NEC Electronics low-pin-count 78K0S/Kx1 series lineup
Part number Number of pins Flash memory RAM Maximum oscillation frequency Internal ring oscillator frequency Total I/O ports Input ports Output ports Supply voltage 78K0S/KY1+ 16 1, 2, 4 KB 128 bytes 10 MHz 8 MHz 5% 14 1 2.0V to 5.5V 78K0S/KA1+ 20 2, 4 KB 128,256 bytes 10 MHz 8 MHz 5% 17 1 1 2.0V to 5.5V 78K0S/KB1+ 30 4, 8 KB 256 bytes 10 MHz 8 MHz 5% 26 1 1 2.0V to 5.5V

Applilet Device Driver Generator M-Station Evaluation System

I N D U S T R Y S TA N D A R D S

4 4

EEMBC Benchmarking
CO N T E S T

Show Off Your LCD Designsand Win

N E C I N F O R M AT I O N

eCommerce Subscription and Feedback Sales Contacts

5 7 7

TECH TIP
Watch your speed! Dont fall into the trap of comparing microcontroller performance only by crystal frequency. An interesting architectural feature of NEC Electronics 8-bit micros is that they run directly off the crystal oscillator circuitry, without a divide-by-two flip-flop. As a bonus, the same fast clock drives the peripherals. Of course, both the CPU core and the peripherals have individual selectable prescalers for power-saving clock slow-down modes. You can easily meet your RF and EMI emission specifications when your crystal speed is ideally matched to your performance. Dave Braverman

1
*Dataquest, June 2004

Continued from page 1.

Self-programming flash memory The 78K0S/Kx1+ series microcontrollers support 1 to 8 KB of high-density, single-voltage, self-programming flash memory based on SST SuperFlash technology. The self-programming capability enables both in-circuit programming during production and remote programming in the field, providing a new level of flexibility for software and product changes. In addition, the flash memory can be used as nonvolatile data memory, eliminating the need for EEPROM and thereby reducing the number of overall system components. Akikazu Yada

of controlling a 3-phase motor, a 6-phase PWM with an 8-bit dead-time unit, an 8-channel 10-bit A/D converter, and two A/D trigger-compare registers. A 16-bit up/down encoder timer can be interfaced to an optical encoder mounted on the motor shaft for accurate speed and position sensing. In addition, the PD78F0714 provides a 2-channel real-time port, a 3-wire CSI port, and a UART. Safety features are critical for motor control applications. Consequently, the PD78F0714 provides an emergency shutdown pin for the inverter timer outputs to protect the motor and inverter, a power-on clear (POC) circuit, and a low-voltage indicator (LVI) for controlled shutdown and recovery in the event of power failure. High-speed 32-bit controllers for vector control Advanced motor control techniques such as vector control significantly increase motor efficiency, resulting in longer life, lower power dissipation, and lower system cost. However, vector control requires a powerful microcontroller that can handle computationally intensive algorithms, as well as provide closed-loop control and precise pulse-width modulation. The V850E/IA3 and V850E/IA4 microcontrollers have been specifically designed to deliver the performance, DSP capabilities and peripherals required for vector control, while still meeting the price demanded by todays competitive market.These devices are based on a five-stage pipeline V850E1 core that offers 82 MIPS performance at 64 MHz, a singlecycle 16 x 16/32 x 32-bit hardware multiplier, and a 2-cycle multiply-accumulate function. Both devices are available in mask ROM and self-programming flash versions, each with four-point ROM correction. A four-channel 8- or 16-bit DMAC guarantees fast data transfer and simplifies board design. The V850E/IA3 device supports a full suite of dedicated motor control peripherals, including a 16-bit inverter timer with six PWM outputs, an 8-bit dead-time generation timer, two high-speed 12 x 10-bit A/D converters with a 2 microsecond (s) conversion speed, and a delta-sigma A/D converter. An on-chip op-amp input with adjustable gain and over-voltage comparator has been added to reduce system costs. Communication peripherals include two CSI

MCU SOLUTIONS

Motor control made easy

With 1.4 billion motors manufactured in the U.S. per year, the market for embedded motor controllers is huge. It is also driven by the demand for energy-efficient, high-performance variable-speed drives (VSDs), greater functionality, and costcompetitive solutions. NEC Electronics is meeting these demands head-on with a growing line of feature-rich, singlechip 8- and 32-bit ASSPs designed for inverter control of brushless DC (BLDC) motors, permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors, and AC induction motors. Spanning operating frequencies from 8 to 80 MHz, these products offer cost-effective, energy-efficient, low-noise motor control solutions for applications ranging from fans and hand-held power tools to washing machines, refrigerators, AC servos, factory automation equipment, and high-end industrial VSDs. New 8-bit controllers for BLDC and PM synchronous motors NEC Electronics new flash-based PD78F0714 microcontroller is one of the most cost-effective solutions on the market for optimized variable-speed control of BLDC and PM synchronous motors in low- to mid-end applications such as power tools and home appliances. Built around a 20 MHz 8-bit core, the PD78F0714 has 1 KB of RAM and 32 KB of self-programming flash memory that supports both in-circuit and remote programming. Dedicated motor control peripherals include a 10-bit inverter timer capable

microcontroller

ports and two UARTs. The V840E/IA4 microcontroller, which is designed to control two independent motors, has two sets of inverter timers and motor control peripherals and more A/D channels in a larger package with more I/Os. 32 MHz performance for a variety of applications Of course, not all motor control applications require 64 MHz performance. For scalar control of BLDC, PM synchronous, and AC induction motors, NEC Electronics has introduced the V850ES/IK1 microcontroller, a lower-cost cousin to the V850E/IA3. At 32 MHz, the V850ES/IK1 still delivers significant performance and also includes the same DSP features as the V850E/IA3 in a lower-pin-count package. Three versions of the device are available: the PD70F3329 with 128 KB of self-programming flash memory and 6 KB RAM, the PD703327 with 64 KB mask ROM and 4 KB RAM, and the PD703329 with 128 KB of mask ROM and 6 KB RAM. Like the V850E/IA3 and V850E/IA4 microcontrollers, these devices offer a complete set of dedicated peripherals for 3-phase inverter control and multiple 16-bit timers. Development support Several of NEC Electronics inverter controllers come with an on-chip debugging (OCD) function for in-circuit debugging via a serial connection. These devices are supported by two low-cost OCD tools: the Minicube for 8-bit devices and the N-wire PCMCIA card for 32-bit devices. In addition, NEC Electronics offers IECUBE, a full-function in-circuit emulator supporting 64 MHz operation. Many of NEC

Electronics development tools are equipped with a function to prevent the circuit burnout inherent in the debugging of motor and inverter systems. As a further aid to developers, NEC Electronics offers reference designs and demonstration systems for BLDC, permanent magnet AC, and induction motor control using scalar and vector techniques in both sensored and sensorless modes. John Pocs ASSP Motor Control Peripherals
Three-Phase Inverter Control Timers 6-phase PWM output with dead-time unit 8-, 10-, and 16-bit resolution Symmetric and asymmetric triangular waves Interrupt culling rates from 1/1 to 1/16 Forcible stop function for PWM outputs Carrier and duty buffer registers with synchronized, anytime, or batch rewrite Real-time output function A/D Converters Both SAR and delta-sigma types Synchronized conversion start with inverter timer Software and hardware conversion start Eight conversion result registers Op-amp input with adjustable gain and over-voltage comparator PWM Up to four additional 12- to 16-bit PWM outputs Main pulse and additional pulse configuration Active level of PWM output pulse selectable Up/Down Encoder Two-phase encoder with 8- to 16-bit up/down counter Four operating modes Safety Features Analog comparator for over-current detection Six-phase PWM output switched to high-impedance mode by comparator or external pin Power-on clear, low-voltage indicator, ring oscillator, clock monitor, and watchdog timer

A SIGN YOURE USING THE BEST MICROCONTROLLER FOR YOUR LCD-BASED DESIGN.
Microcontrollers with LCD drivers. See your options at www.necelam.com/lcdmcu

2004 NEC Electronics America, Inc.

D ES I G N TO O LS

Applilet device driver generator

The task of developing device drivers used to be timeconsuming, tedious, and subject to error. It required reading the manual to decipher the meaning of each bit, and then writing, compiling, and debugging code. With Applilet, life is easieryou can create valid, target-specific, driver source code in minutes.

M-Station evaluation system

Introducing M-Stationa low-cost evaluation system with flash programming and source-level debugging functionality. Designed to get you started with NEC Electronics 8-bit microcontrollers, the system provides everything you need to write, compile, download, and debug user code. Full-speed program execution allows you to test hardware and software in real time. Designed for flexibility M-Station has two primary hardware components: the M-Station motherboard and a micro-board. The motherboard connects to the host computer via a USB 2.0 interface. It includes a built-in flash programmer, as well as EEPROM with an I2C interface, an RS-232 driver, a potentiometer, user LEDs, LCDs, and switches for testing peripherals. As an option, CAN or LIN transceivers and external SRAM chips can be added. The motherboard also has a prototyping area for wiring your own circuits. The micro-board holds the microcontroller under evaluation and provides crystals for the clock and subclock. It can mount directly onto the motherboard or be integrated into a target system and connected to the motherboard through a 16-pin cable. On-board components include a reset switch, terminals for monitoring power consumption, and 0.1-inch center headers for easy access to all microcontroller pins. For low-cost flexibility, the M-Station motherboard and microboards can be purchased separately. A common motherboard supports all of NEC Electronics 8-bit microcontrollers, so you can easily evaluate a broad range of devices by just swapping the micro-board. Source-level debugger The M-Station debugger software provides full source-level and symbolic debugging with real-time code execution. Functions include reset, start, stop, single step, step over, step out, and breakpoint setting. The GUI displays coordinated source and disassembly windows, memory and special function register (SFR) windows, and a watch variables window that provides access to any C object including enums, bit fields, structs, arrays and floats.

Applilet is a free program that automatically generates device drivers for NEC Electronics K1 family of 8- and 32bit microcontrollers. The program displays the peripherals supported by each microcontroller. All you have to do is select the peripherals you want to configure, answer the questions in the dialog box, and click the Generate Source Code button. Tailor-made peripheral driver source code is generated instantly in Assembly or C language. Applilets device drivers include initialization code for each peripheral and interrupt service routines, as well as functional blocks such as the SendData() and ReceiveData() functions commonly used in serial communication applications. All function modules are available to the user and can be viewed before generating the actual source code. An important feature of Applilet is its ability to warn users when there is a conflict during the configuration of a peripheral, thereby providing a level of error checking before the code is even generated. To download your free copy of Applilet, go to the NEC Electronics development tool web site at www.necelam.com/microcontrollers/devtools. Nelson Quintana

microcontroller

eCOMMERCE
Terminal emulation software In addition to the source-level debugger, the M-Station system includes a terminal emulation software package (MSTTERM) similar in functionality to the well-known HyperTerminal tool included with Microsoft Windows operating systems. MSTTERM takes advantage of the M-Stations USB 2.0 interface to allow users to test applications that involve serial communication between a host computer and a microcontrollers UART peripheral.

Free development software To get your application up and running, M-Station comes with a C compiler, assembler, and linker. As a further aid to developers, NEC Electronics offers a number of free software packages: Applilet device driver generator and an evaluation version of NEC Electronics system simulator can be downloaded from the NEC Electronics America development tools web site at www.necelam.com/microcontrollers/devtools. Nelson Quintana
When you absolutely must have itand quickly our eCommerce site has a variety of development tools and packaged flash devices available for on-line ordering. Within 48 hours, the item will be shipped for overnight a.m. delivery. This site isnt intended to replace the traditional purchase order method or supplant distribution; rather its designed to provide a few of the most popular tools for fast delivery. Go to necelam.com/esales or click the online order center link on the NEC Electronics America home page.

M-station Features Source-level debugger with real-time execution and breakpoint setting Built-in flash programmer Motherboard/micro-board configuration for low-cost evaluation of multiple devices Terminal emulation software C compiler, assembler, and linker Motherboard USB 2.0 interface/connection to host computer EEPROM, RS-232 driver, potentiometer, user LEDs, LCDs, and switches Support for optional CAN or LIN transceivers and external SRAM Prototyping area for expansion of application circuitry Battery operation for portability during demonstrations Micro-board On-board flash MCU with crystals for clock and subclock Reset switch and terminals for monitoring power consumption 0.1-inch center headers for easy access to all microcontroller pins

I N D U S T R Y S TA N D A R D S

CO N T E S T

Give your embedded system a reality check

Ever wonder which microcontroller is the best for your application? You may want to consider using Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC) benchmarks. These benchmarks provide an easy way to objectively evaluate both microcontroller performance and compiler efficiency. Moreover, they offer system designers a valuable tool for selecting the right embedded processors for their systems. EEMBC was founded by a group of semiconductor vendors seeking a method for determining relative levels of processor performance with more representative workloads than Dhrystones. Today EEMBC's members include over 50 of the worlds leading microcontroller and microprocessor vendors. NEC Electronics has been a part of this effort since EEMBCs founding in 1997. NEC Electronics EEMBC-benchmarked MCUs
Device PD780388-10 V850ES/SA2-20 V850ES/SA2-20 V850E-50 V850E-50 V832-143 Speed 10 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 50 MHz 50 MHz Size 8-bit 32-bit 32-bit 32-bit 32-bit Benchmarking notes First 8-bit micro benchmarked NEC Electronics compiler used GHS compiler used For minimized code size For maximum speed NEC Electronics compiler used

Show off your LCD designs and win stuff

If youre looking for a microcontroller with an LCD driver, talk to us. NEC Electronics offers more than fifty series of microcontrollers with a wide range of memory and peripheral options. No matter how many segments your design requires, we have an extensive selection of LCD microcontrollers to choose from. And if you happen to be a creative type looking for an opportunity to show off your ingenuity, we also have a challenge for you the Cornelius Van Drebbel Mad Design Contest, sponsored by NEC Electronics America and EDN Magazine. Design something interesting, innovative, or just plain wacky using an NEC Electronics 8-bit microcontroller with an integrated LCD driver. The most innovative among you will walk away with a cash prize. While it's too late to send in a hardware entry for the $10,000 prize, you still have until January 5th to submit an e-paper design for the $2,000 first-place prize. Plus, everyone who submits a valid entry will receive a consolation prize. Are you up for the challenge? Go to www.maddesigncontest.com to register and learn about good old Cornelius too. David Lamar

143 MHz 32-bit

To date, NEC Electronics has benchmarked six microcontrollers. The 32-bit V850E-50 microcontroller was benchmarked twice to compare the effect of settings that minimize code size and settings that maximize speed. Similarly, the V850ES/ SA2-20 microcontroller was benchmarked twice to compare the effect of the Green Hills and NEC Electronics compilers. In addition, NEC Electronics has benchmarked a variety of 64-bit MIPS RISC microprocessors. Scores for all devices are posted at www.necelam.com or www.eembc.org. Look for the certified benchmarks of more NEC Electronics microcontrollers soon. David Lamar

microcontroller

S A L E S CO N TA C T S

Distribution power

Thanks to our key partners, NEC Electronics microcontrollers are never far away. For a complete listing of our representatives and distributors, visit www.necelam.com/sales.

SUBSCRIPTION AND FEEDBACK

The choice is yours

We welcome your comments and suggestions. Send us an email to let us know whats on your mind. You can always contact us at feedback@MicroNewsletter.com. If you like what you see and arent on our mailing list, sign yourself up. If youd rather not be bothered, you can opt out too. Both options are available at www.MicroNewsletter.com.

NEC Electronics America 2880 Scott Boulevard Santa Clara, CA 95050-2554, USA T: +1-408-588-6000 or 1-800-366-9782 F: +1-408-588-6130 www.necelam.com

NEC Electronics Corporation 1753 Shimonumabe, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8666 Japan T: +004-435-5111 www.necel.com

NEC Electronics (Europe) GmbH Oberrather Str:4 40472 Dsseldorf, Germany T: +49-0-211 65 03 01 F: +49-0-211 65 03 327 www.ee.nec.de

2004 NEC Electronics America, Inc. The information in this document is current as of November 2004. The information is subject to change without notice. For actual design-in, refer to the latest publications of NEC Electronics data sheets or data books, etc., for the most up-to-date specifications of NEC Electronics products. Not all products and/or types are available in every country. Please check with an NEC sales representative for availability and additional information. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of NEC Electronics. NEC Electronics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. NEC Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of NEC Electronics products listed in this document or any other liability arising from the use of such NEC Electronics products. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Electronics or others. Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. The incorporation of these circuits, software and information in the design of customer's equipment shall be done under the full responsibility of customer. NEC Electronics no responsibility for any losses incurred by customers or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information. While NEC Electronics endeavors to enhance the quality, reliability and safety of NEC Electronics products, customers agree and acknowledge that the possibility of defects thereof cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage to property or injury (including death) to persons arising from defects in NEC Electronics products, customers must incorporate sufficient safety measures in their design, such as redundancy, fire-containment and anti-failure features. NEC Electronics products are classified into the following three quality grades: "Standard", "Special" and "Specific". The "Specific" quality grade applies only to NEC Electronics products developed based on a customer-designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. The recommended applications of NEC Electronics product depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. Customers must check the quality grade of each NEC Electronics product before using it in a particular application. "Standard": Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audio and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment and industrial robots. "Special": Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed for life support). "Specific": Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life support systems and medical equipment for life support, etc. The quality grade of NEC Electronics products is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in NEC Electronics data sheets or data books, etc. If customers wish to use NEC Electronics products in applications not intended by NEC Electronics, they must contact an NEC Electronics sales representative in advance to determine NEC Electronics' willingness to support a given application. NOTES: (1) "NEC Electronics" as used in this statement means NEC Electronics Corporation and also includes its majority-owned subsidiaries. (2) "NEC Electronics products" means any product developed or manufactured by or for NEC Electronics (as defined above). All trademarks in this document are the property of NEC Electronics Corporation, except as noted otherwise.

microcontroller

If you know your way around a microcontroller, we have news for you.
. Motor control solutions . Free software for instant device driver code . Ultra-low-cost debugger and flash programmer . Design contest for slightly bent creative geniuses . Low-pin-count microcontrollers with self-programming flash
ISSUE 1 | WINTER 2004

NEC Electronics America, Inc. 2880 Scott Boulevard Santa Clara, CA 95050-2554